WO2014141397A1 - ガスタービン燃焼器 - Google Patents
ガスタービン燃焼器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014141397A1 WO2014141397A1 PCT/JP2013/056905 JP2013056905W WO2014141397A1 WO 2014141397 A1 WO2014141397 A1 WO 2014141397A1 JP 2013056905 W JP2013056905 W JP 2013056905W WO 2014141397 A1 WO2014141397 A1 WO 2014141397A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- air
- gas turbine
- air hole
- turbine combustor
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/02—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
- F23R3/04—Air inlet arrangements
- F23R3/10—Air inlet arrangements for primary air
- F23R3/12—Air inlet arrangements for primary air inducing a vortex
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
- F23R3/286—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply having fuel-air premixing devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
- F23R3/30—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply comprising fuel prevapourising devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
- F23R3/30—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply comprising fuel prevapourising devices
- F23R3/32—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply comprising fuel prevapourising devices being tubular
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
- F23R3/34—Feeding into different combustion zones
- F23R3/343—Pilot flames, i.e. fuel nozzles or injectors using only a very small proportion of the total fuel to insure continuous combustion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
- F23R3/34—Feeding into different combustion zones
- F23R3/346—Feeding into different combustion zones for staged combustion
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a gas turbine combustor.
- premixed combustion is a combustion method in which an air-fuel mixture in which fuel and air are mixed in advance is supplied to the gas turbine combustor for combustion in order to reduce NOx emissions.
- a gas turbine combustor that employs premixed combustion includes a burner that includes a premixer that preliminarily mixes fuel and air, and a combustion chamber that is located downstream of the burner and burns fuel mixed with air. ing.
- Premixed combustion is effective in reducing NOx because the flame temperature becomes uniform, but the combustion rate increases as the air temperature rises or the hydrogen content in the fuel increases. The possibility of a backfire that causes the flame to flow back unexpectedly increases. For this reason, there is an increasing demand for a gas turbine combustor that has both NOx emission reduction and resistance to flashback.
- a gas turbine combustor having both NOx emission suppression and flashback resistance is provided with a porous coaxial burner in which a plurality of fuel nozzles and a plurality of air holes are arranged coaxially, and the fuel and air are coaxially arranged by the burner.
- Japanese Patent No. 3960166 discloses a technique related to a gas turbine combustor that supplies a jet to a combustion chamber and burns it.
- the gas turbine combustor disclosed in this document can rapidly mix fuel and air at a very short distance compared to a gas turbine combustor that employs conventional premixed combustion. It is possible to achieve both suppression of fire and resistance to flashback.
- fuel with a high hydrogen content such as coal gasification gas and coke oven gas and a high combustion rate has been dealt with by the diffusion combustion method, but it can also be applied to this type of fuel.
- Japanese Patent No. 4838107 discloses a structure in which a plurality of coaxial jets of fuel and air are arranged concentrically from the burner center. In this structure, a plurality of coaxial jets of fuel and air are grouped concentrically. This method of increasing or decreasing the coaxial jet supplying the fuel in the radial direction in response to the increase or decrease of the load of the gas turbine is called fuel staging.
- the center of the burner forms a swirling flow to ensure combustion stability, and the outer periphery of the burner burns with low NOx by lean combustion. Therefore, combustion stability and low NOx combustion are achieved. It is possible to achieve both.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a premixed combustion type gas turbine combustor capable of achieving both stable combustion at the center of the burner and low NOx combustion at the outer periphery of the burner.
- the present invention provides a combustion chamber in which fuel and air are burned to generate combustion gas, a fuel header in which a plurality of fuel nozzles for ejecting fuel are disposed, and the plurality of fuels An air hole plate in which a plurality of air holes for injecting fuel and air injected from a nozzle into the combustion chamber are formed, and provided on the surface of the air hole plate on the combustion chamber side in connection with the air hole. Provided with a groove.
- FIG. 3 is a partial structural diagram showing details of the arrangement state of a plurality of fuel nozzles 30, a base plate 32, and a swirl plate 33 constituting the burner 5 provided in the gas turbine combustor 2 shown in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged view around a base plate 32 and a swivel plate 33 in FIG. 2. The figure which looked at the air hole plate which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention from the downstream. The enlarged view of the area
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view of an AA ′ cross section in FIG. 5.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the flow of fuel and air with respect to the BB ′ cross section in FIG. 5.
- FIG. 11 is a perspective view of an AA ′ cross section in FIG. 10.
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the flow of fuel and air with respect to the BB ′ cross section in FIG. 10.
- FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the flow of fuel and air with respect to the BB ′ cross section in FIG. 15.
- channel 36 which concerns on the 3rd Embodiment of this invention.
- channel 36 which concerns on the 3rd Embodiment of this invention.
- FIG. 21 is an enlarged view of a part (part A) of the swivel plate 33 surrounded by a dashed-dotted rectangle in FIG. 20.
- FIG. 22 is an enlarged view of one set (B portion) of the main burner 42 surrounded by a one-dot chain line circle in FIG. 21.
- a gas turbine combustor according to a first embodiment of the present invention is a fuel in which a plurality of burners for mixing fuel and air and jetting and burning them into a combustion chamber and a plurality of fuel nozzles for jetting fuel are arranged.
- a header an air hole plate in which a plurality of air holes are formed by mixing fuel and air and injected into the combustion chamber, and a plurality of fuel and air coaxial jets formed by coaxially arranging the fuel nozzle and air holes
- a groove through which a part of the unburned premixed gas supplied from the air hole to the combustion chamber flows is provided downstream of the air hole, and the remaining amount of the space between the grooves is about several millimeters. It is characterized by.
- FIG. 1 shows an overall configuration of a gas turbine plant 1000 for power generation provided with a gas turbine combustor 2 according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- a power generation gas turbine plant 1000 shown in FIG. 1 compresses intake air 100 to generate high-pressure air 101, fuel supplied through high-pressure air 101 generated by the compressor 1 and a fuel system 200.
- the gas turbine combustor 2 that generates the high-temperature combustion gas 102, the turbine 3 that is driven by the high-temperature combustion gas 102 generated by the gas turbine combustor 2, and the rotation of the turbine 3.
- a generator 20 for generating electric power.
- the compressor 1, the turbine 3, and the generator 20 are connected to each other by an integral shaft 21, and the driving force obtained by driving the turbine 3 is transmitted to the compressor 1 and the generator 20 through the shaft 21. It has become.
- the gas turbine combustor 2 is stored in the casing 4 of the gas turbine device. Further, a burner 5 is installed in the gas turbine combustor 2. Inside the gas turbine combustor 2 on the downstream side of the burner 5, high-pressure air 101 supplied from the compressor 1 and gas turbine combustion are provided. A substantially cylindrical combustor liner 10 that separates the high-temperature combustion gas 102 generated in the combustor 2 is disposed.
- a flow sleeve 11 serving as an outer peripheral wall forming an air flow path through which the high-pressure air 101 flows from the compressor 1 to the gas turbine combustor 2 is disposed.
- the combustor liner 10 has a diameter larger than that of the combustor liner 10 and is formed in a substantially concentric cylindrical shape.
- an air-fuel mixture of high-pressure air 101 ejected from the burner 5 and fuel supplied through the fuel system 200 is combusted.
- the tail cylinder inner cylinder 12 that guides the high-temperature combustion gas 102 generated in the combustion chamber 50 to the turbine 3. Is attached.
- a tail cylinder outer cylinder 13 is disposed on the outer peripheral side of the tail cylinder inner cylinder 12 via a predetermined interval.
- the air hole plates 32 and 33 which are the substantially disk-shaped plates which comprise are attached.
- the air hole plate is constituted by a base plate 32 and a swivel plate 33, and a plurality of air holes 31 are provided in these air hole plates.
- the swivel plate 33 is disposed facing the combustion chamber 50 formed inside the combustor liner 10.
- the suction air 100 is compressed by the compressor 1 to become high-pressure air 101.
- This high-pressure air 101 is supplied into the casing 4 and filled, and then formed between the tail cylinder inner cylinder 12 and the tail cylinder outer cylinder 13. It flows in into the made space and cools the tail cylinder inner cylinder 12 from the outer wall surface.
- the high-pressure air 101 that has flowed down the space between the transition cylinder inner cylinder 12 and the transition cylinder outer cylinder 13 further passes through an annular flow path formed between the flow sleeve 11 and the combustor liner 10 to form a gas turbine combustor. Although it flows down to 2, it is used for the convection cooling of the combustor liner 10 installed in the gas turbine combustor 2 in the middle of this flow.
- a part of the high-pressure air 101 flowing down an annular flow path formed between the flow sleeve 11 and the combustor liner 10 passes through a number of cooling holes provided in the wall surface of the combustor liner 10. 10 is used to cool the combustor liner 10. Then, the remaining high-pressure air 101 that has flowed down the annular flow path and was not used for film cooling of the combustor liner 10 is burned from a large number of air holes 31 provided in the burner 5 provided in the gas turbine combustor 2. Air is supplied into the combustor liner 10 as air.
- the burner 5 includes an F1 fuel system 201 having an F1 fuel flow rate adjustment valve 211, an F2 fuel system 202 having an F2 fuel flow rate adjustment valve 212, an F3 fuel system 203 having an F3 fuel flow rate adjustment valve 213, and F4 Fuel is supplied from four fuel systems of the F4 fuel system 204 provided with the fuel flow control valve 214.
- the four fuel systems 201, 202, 203, and 204 are branched from a fuel system 200 that includes a fuel cutoff valve (open / close valve) 210.
- Fuel from the four fuel systems 201, 202, 203, 204 is introduced into the header 40 divided into four according to the radial distance from the central axis of the combustor liner 10, and the fuel nozzle 30 is supplied from the header 40. Is injected through.
- the flow rate of the F1 fuel supplied to the burner 5 through the F1 fuel system 201 is adjusted by the F1 fuel flow rate adjustment valve 211.
- the flow rate of the F2 fuel supplied to the burner 5 through the F2 fuel system 202 is adjusted by the F2 fuel flow rate adjustment valve 212.
- the flow rate of the F3 fuel supplied to the burner 5 through the F3 fuel system 203 is adjusted by the F3 fuel flow rate adjustment valve 213.
- the flow rate of the F4 fuel supplied to the burner 5 through the F4 fuel system 204 is adjusted by the F4 fuel flow rate adjustment valve 214.
- the fuel flow rate adjusting valves 211 to 214 adjust the fuel flow rates of the F1 fuel to F4 fuel, respectively, to control the power generation amount of the gas turbine plant 1000.
- FIG. 2 is a partial structural diagram showing details of the arrangement of the plurality of fuel nozzles 30, the base plate 32, and the swirl plate 33 constituting the burner 5 provided in the gas turbine combustor 2 shown in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA ′ of FIG.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged view around the base plate 32 and the swivel plate 33 in FIG.
- a plurality of fuel nozzles 30 are attached to the fuel header 40 in the burner 5 shown in FIG.
- the plurality of fuel nozzles 30 are arranged along a plurality of circumferences having the same center and different radii. Here, they are arranged along eight circumferences having different radii, and when viewed in the radial direction, eight rows of annular fuel nozzle groups are arranged (see FIG. 4 later).
- One air hole 31 is disposed on the fuel ejection side in the axial direction of each fuel nozzle 30 (on the downstream side in the fuel ejection direction). That is, one air hole 31 is arranged corresponding to one fuel nozzle 30.
- Air (air jet) 35 can be jetted into the combustion chamber 50 as a coaxial jet.
- Each air hole 31 is provided in accordance with the position of each fuel nozzle 30 with respect to two substantially disk-shaped plates (base plate 32 and swivel plate 33) forming the air hole plate.
- the air holes 31 in the base plate 32 are formed in a right circular cylinder shape in which the two circles serving as end faces and the generatrix are orthogonal to each other, and the air holes 31 in the swivel plate 33 are formed as two circles serving as end faces.
- the base plate 32 and the swivel plate 33 are attached to the fuel header 40 via the support 15.
- the support 15 shown in FIG. 2 has a shape obtained by bending a flat plate. When the support 15 is formed in this way, the thermal elongation in the circumferential direction can be absorbed by the bending structure, so that the structural reliability can be improved.
- the right cylindrical air hole 31 related to the base plate 32 is arranged coaxially with the corresponding fuel nozzle 30.
- the slanted columnar air hole 31 related to the swirl plate 33 is a swirl air hole having a swivel angle, and one end (end face) of the air hole 31 related to the base plate 32 is the end (end face) of the air hole 31 related to the base plate 32 on the combustion chamber 50 side. ).
- the other end portion (end surface on the combustion chamber 50 side) of the air hole 31 related to the swirl plate 33 is a circumference in which a plurality of air holes 31 are arranged with respect to one end portion of the air hole 31 related to the swirl plate 33. Is shifted in the tangential direction.
- the center axis of the air hole 31 obtained by connecting the centers of the circles formed at both ends of the air hole 31 related to the swivel plate 33 is the center axis of the fuel nozzle 30 and the air related to the base plate 32.
- the swivel plate 33 is formed obliquely so as to form a predetermined angle ⁇ ° with the central axis of the hole 31 or the direction of the central axis of the combustor liner 10 (in this case, “forms a predetermined angle”).
- the angle ⁇ ° defines the jet direction of air from the air hole 31.
- the fuel nozzle 30 and the air hole 31 related to the base plate 32 are arranged coaxially.
- the central axes of the two do not need to be completely coincident with each other as long as a fuel and air jet can be formed.
- the center axis may be shifted.
- the high-pressure air 101 supplied to the gas turbine combustor 2 through the annular flow path formed between the flow sleeve 11 and the combustor liner 10 of the gas turbine combustor 2 by the coaxial jet structure as described above. 2 is supplied to the air holes 31 formed in the base plate 32 as the air jets 35 shown in FIG. 2, and the air holes formed in the swivel plate 33 by flowing down the air holes 31 of the base plate 32.
- the gas is swirled by 31 and supplied to the combustion chamber 50.
- the fuel and air are not mixed in the air holes 31 formed in the base plate 32, the fuel does not self-ignite and the base plate 32 and the swivel plate 33 are not melted, so that the reliability is high.
- the gas turbine combustor 2 can be used.
- the interface between fuel and air is increased and mixing is promoted, so that the amount of NOx generated during combustion of the gas turbine combustor 2 can be suppressed.
- FIG. 4 is a view of the air hole plate (base plate 32 and swivel plate 33) according to the present embodiment as viewed from the downstream side.
- a large number of air holes 31 (and a fuel nozzle 30 that forms a pair with the air holes 31 (not shown)) extend from the inner side to the outer side of the disk-like air hole plate.
- the eight rows of annular air holes are concentrically arranged.
- each air hole row included in the eight air hole rows will be referred to as a first row, a second row,..., An eighth row from the inside toward the outside, and each air row will be described separately. is there.
- the burners forming the combustion part of the gas turbine combustor 2 are divided into four groups. Four rows on the center side (first row to fourth row) form the first group of combustion parts (F1 burners), and the fifth row forms the second group of combustion parts (F2 burners). Forms a third group of combustion parts (F3 burner), and two rows (seventh and eighth rows) on the outer peripheral side form a fourth group of combustion parts (F4 burner).
- the F1 burner is supplied with fuel from an F1 fuel system 201 provided with an F1 fuel flow rate adjustment valve 211
- the F2 burner is provided with an F2 fuel system 202 provided with an F2 fuel flow rate adjustment valve 212.
- the F3 burner is supplied with fuel from an F3 fuel system 203 provided with an F3 fuel flow rate adjusting valve 213
- the F4 burner is supplied with an F4 fuel system 204 provided with an F4 fuel flow rate adjusting valve 214.
- Such a grouping structure of the fuel systems 201 to 204 enables fuel staging in which the number of fuel nozzles 30 that supply fuel is changed in stages with respect to changes in the fuel flow rate of the gas turbine, and combustion during gas turbine partial load operation It is possible to ensure stability and reduce NOx.
- the distance between the two air holes 31 adjacent to each other (the distance between the holes) is set to a value larger than the flame extinguishing distance, so that the flame is attached to the gap to thereby stabilize the flame. It is strengthening.
- the F2 burner, the F3 burner, and the F4 burner in order to perform low NOx combustion from the partial load condition to the rated load condition, no flame is attached to the gap formed by the two adjacent air holes 31, and the swivel plate 33 It is important to raise the flame downstream. Further, when the flow path suddenly expands from the air hole 31 to the combustion chamber 50, the fuel jet 34 and the air jet 35 coaxially jet the fuel and air rapidly. Therefore, when a flame is formed at a position away from the swivel plate 33 downstream, the premixed gas in which the fuel and air are sufficiently mixed is burned, so that low NOx combustion can be realized.
- channel 36 connected with was provided.
- the region where the groove 36 related to the F1 burner on the swivel plate 33 is not “first region”, and the region where the groove 36 related to the F2 burner, F3 burner and F4 burner is provided on the swivel plate 33 is referred to as “first region”.
- the first region corresponds to a region where the radial distance from the center of the swivel plate 33 is less than a predetermined value
- the second region corresponds to a region where the radial distance from the center of the swivel plate 33 is equal to or greater than the predetermined value
- the groove 36 is provided so as to be located on the downstream side of the air ejection direction from the air hole 31 of the swivel plate 33.
- the grooves 36 in the present embodiment are annularly provided on the swivel plate 33 in accordance with the arrangement direction of the air hole rows arranged in a circle, and the center is the same and the radius of the swivel plate 33 is the same.
- Four different circumferentially shaped grooves 36 are provided.
- the jet direction of the air from the air holes 31 related to the swirl plate 33 corresponds to the direction of the central axis of the air holes 31 related to the swirl plate 33 (which forms an angle ⁇ ° with the central axis of the fuel nozzle 30).
- each air hole In the arrangement relationship between the groove 36 and the air hole 31, the direction of a straight line obtained by orthogonally projecting the central axis of the air hole 31 related to the swivel plate 33 to the swivel plate 33 (in the case of the present embodiment, each air hole
- the grooves 36 may be provided with reference to the circumferential tangential direction of the row. Therefore, in the present embodiment, an annular groove 36 is provided in accordance with the arrangement direction of the air holes 31.
- FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a region surrounded by a dotted rectangle in FIG. 4, and FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the A-A ′ cross section in FIG.
- the width W 36 of the groove 36 (the size of the groove 36 in the radial direction of the plates 32, 33) is the same size as the hole diameter of the air hole 31.
- a width W37 (in the radial direction of the plates 32, 33) of a gap 37 (hereinafter, the gap may be referred to as “remaining portion”) formed by two adjacent grooves 36 in the radial direction of the plates 32, 33.
- the size of the remaining portion 37 is set to a dimension equal to or less than the flame extinguishing distance, and is set to, for example, about several millimeters.
- the depth D36 of the groove 36 with respect to the remaining portion 37 is the same as the width of the remaining portion 37, for example, about several millimeters. Is set.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the flow of fuel and air with respect to the BB ′ cross section in FIG.
- the fuel supplied from the fuel header 40 to the fuel nozzle 30 is injected from the ejection hole of the fuel nozzle 30 and flows down to the air hole 31 as a fuel jet 34.
- the compressed air 101 supplied from the compressor 1 convectively cools the transition piece inner cylinder 12 and the combustor liner 10 and then flows into the air hole 31 as an air jet 35.
- the air hole 31 related to the base plate 32 is a straight pipe (right cylinder), and the air hole 31 related to the swivel plate 33 downstream thereof is a diagonal pipe (oblique cylinder). Since mixing of the fuel jet 34 and the air jet 35 proceeds inside the air hole 31, the fuel and air are mixed in the vicinity of the outlet of the air hole 31 of the swirl plate 33 to become an unburned premixed gas. As described above, when the flow path suddenly expands from the air hole 31 to the combustion chamber 50, the mixing of fuel and air rapidly proceeds. Therefore, strictly speaking, near the outlet of the air hole 31, the fuel and air are Not completely mixed. However, here, the fuel / air mixture near the outlet of the air hole 31 is referred to as an unburned pre-mixture for convenience.
- the unburned premixed gas swirled by the air holes 31 related to the swirling plate 33 flows into the combustion chamber 50 as the unburned premixed gas main flow 38 and burns.
- the unburned premixed gas side flow 39 which is a part of the unburned premixed gas, flows down along the groove 36 by the momentum of the swirling component.
- the unburned premixed gas side flow 39 that has flowed into the groove 36 flows in the circumferential direction along the circumferentially formed groove 36, so that two air that are included in the same air hole row and are adjacent in the circumferential direction A flame is prevented from adhering between the holes 31.
- the extinguishing distance is a critical dimension at which a flame can exist stably, and the distance varies depending on environmental conditions such as temperature and pressure, but the dimension is generally 2 to 3 mm.
- the width of the remaining portion 37 is set to several millimeters as described above, it becomes a size comparable to a general flame extinguishing distance, so that the flame adhesion to the remaining portion 37 can be easily suppressed. Therefore, in the F2 to F4 burner provided with the groove 36 and the remaining portion 37 on the downstream side of the air hole 31 of the swivel plate 33, the attachment of flame to the swirl plate 33 is prevented.
- the F1 burner located at the center of the burner 5 a flame is attached to the swivel plate 33, and combustion stability is ensured. Further, the F1 burner transfers a sufficient amount of combustion heat to the F2 burner to F4 burner so that the combustion is completed. In the F2 to F4 burners located on the outer periphery of the burner 5, the adhesion of the flame to the swivel plate 33 is suppressed by the action of the groove 36, so that low NOx combustion can be performed.
- FIG. 8 shows fuel staging in the radial direction, which is an operation method of the combustor 2 of the gas turbine plant 1000 according to the present embodiment, where the horizontal axis is the time axis and the vertical axis is the fuel flow rate.
- the horizontal axis is the time axis and the vertical axis is the fuel flow rate.
- a rated speed no-load state (FSNL: Full Speed No Load) is reached.
- FSNL Full Speed No Load
- the turbine 3 is increased to the rated speed, power generation is started and the load is increased.
- the fuel systems that supply fuel in order of the F1, F2, F3, and F4 burners are increased so that the fuel-air ratio of the burner 5 of the gas turbine combustor 2 falls within the stable combustion range.
- FSFL Full Speed Full Load
- the flame adheres to the revolving plate 33 at the center of the burner, so that the combustion stability can be ensured, and the flame does not adhere to the revolving plate 33 at the outer periphery of the burner, so that low NOx combustion can be performed. . That is, according to the present embodiment, both stable combustion and low NOx combustion can be achieved.
- a gas turbine combustor according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described.
- the basic configuration of the gas turbine and the gas turbine combustor according to the present embodiment is the same as that according to the first embodiment shown in FIGS. Therefore, the description of the configuration and operation common to both is omitted, and different parts are mainly described below.
- the operation method of the combustor 2 according to the present embodiment is substantially the same as that of the first embodiment described with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 9 is a view of an air hole plate (base plate 32 and swivel plate 33) according to the second embodiment of the present invention as viewed from the downstream side.
- This embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the hole diameter of the air hole 31 related to the swivel plate 33 in the F2 burner, the F3 burner, and the F4 burner (second region) provided with the groove 36 is the groove 36.
- the diameter is larger than the hole diameter of the air hole 31 of the F1 burner (first region) without air.
- the diameter of the air holes 31 of the F2 burner to F4 burner (second region) is about 1.2 times that of the F1 burner (first region).
- the hole diameter is such that the adjacent air holes 31 do not interfere with each other and can be installed on the swivel plate 33, the larger the diameter, the more effective the effect can be expected. No problem.
- FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of a region surrounded by a dotted-line rectangle in FIG. 9, and FIG. 11 is a perspective view of the A-A ′ cross section in FIG.
- the hole diameter of the air hole 31 related to the swivel plate 33 is increased by reducing the width W37 of the remaining portion 37 and securing the width W36 of the groove 36.
- the axial depth D36 of the groove 36 with respect to the remaining portion 37 is set to several millimeters as in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the flow of fuel and air with respect to the B-B ′ cross section in FIG. 10.
- the air holes 31 relating to the base plate 32 in the present embodiment have the same shape as in the first embodiment, but relating to the swivel plate 33 in this embodiment.
- the air hole 31 has a larger hole diameter than that of the first embodiment.
- the fuel jet 34 and the air jet 35 are mixed to form an unburned premixed gas as in the first embodiment, and the unburned premixed gas is mixed in the swirl plate 33.
- the swirl is applied and supplied to the combustion chamber 50.
- the unburned premixed gas side flow 39 is provided in the groove 36 wider than in the first embodiment. Since it can flow, flame adhesion can be prevented in a wide area of the swivel plate 33.
- the width W36 of the groove 36 is increased, the width of the remaining portion 37 is inevitably smaller than that of the first embodiment, and therefore the width of the remaining portion 37 is equal to or less than the extinguishing distance. Further, flame adhesion to the remaining portion 37 can be further prevented as compared with the first embodiment.
- the flame adheres to the swivel plate 33 at the center of the burner, so that the combustion stability can be secured, and the flame does not adhere to the swirl plate 33 at the outer periphery of the burner. Since NOx combustion is possible, both stable combustion and low NOx combustion can be achieved.
- FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of a gas turbine combustor according to a modification of the second embodiment of the present invention. This figure corresponds to the gas turbine combustor according to the modified example cut along the same cross section as FIG. 12, and schematically shows the flow of fuel and air in the cross section.
- the air holes 31 related to the swirl plate 33 in the gas turbine combustor shown in FIG. 13 are provided so that the hole diameter gradually increases toward the air hole outlet.
- the air holes 31 are provided in this way, there is no step difference as shown in FIG. 12 at the connection between the air holes 31 provided in the base plate 32 and the air holes 31 provided in the swivel plate 33. It is possible to prevent the flow from becoming unstable inside the air hole 31 due to the generation of vortices caused by the expansion.
- the rapid expansion of the flow path causes an increase in pressure loss, but the pressure loss generated when passing through the air holes 31 is reduced by making the flow path area smoothly expand as in the modified example. Can contribute to improving the efficiency of the gas turbine.
- the hole diameter of the air hole 31 is larger than the hole diameter of the air hole 31 related to the base plate 32 in the present embodiment. Even if it is the same large diameter as the plate 33, the flame adhesion suppression effect can be expected similarly.
- (3) Third Embodiment a gas turbine combustor according to a third embodiment of the present invention will be described.
- the basic configuration of the gas turbine and the gas turbine combustor according to the present embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. Explained.
- the operation method of the combustor of the gas turbine plant which concerns on this Embodiment is also substantially the same as the 1st Embodiment of this invention, description is omitted.
- FIG. 14 is a view of an air hole plate (base plate 32 and swivel plate 33) according to the third embodiment of the present invention as viewed from the downstream side.
- the groove 36 provided in the F2 burner, the F3 burner, and the F4 burner in the present embodiment is an annular groove having a plurality of air holes 31 arranged at the bottom as in the previous two embodiments. Instead, it is different from the previous two embodiments in that it is an independent groove provided for each air hole 31.
- Each of the plurality of grooves 36 according to the present embodiment is connected to the outlet of one air hole 31, and on the swivel plate 33 along the air ejection direction of the air hole 31 by a predetermined distance from the connecting part. It is extended and provided. Needless to say, the extending distance of the groove 36 is less than the distance to the other air holes 31 located on the downstream side in the air flow direction in the circumferential direction.
- FIG. 15 is an enlarged view of a region surrounded by a dotted rectangle in FIG. 14, and FIG. 16 is a perspective view of a cross section along AA ′ in FIG.
- the direction in which the groove 36 according to the present embodiment extends on the swivel plate 33 is such that the central axis that defines the jet direction of air from the air holes 31 is normal to the swivel plate 33. This corresponds to the direction of a straight line obtained by projection (for example, the arrow L36 in FIG. 15), and in the illustrated example, it coincides with the tangential direction of the circumference formed by the air hole row including each air hole 31. .
- the groove 36 according to the present embodiment extends in the tangential direction at the position of the air hole 31 with respect to the circumference formed by the air hole array including the air holes 31.
- an inclined portion 66 is provided on each downstream side of each groove 36 in the air ejection direction in which the depth of the groove 36 gradually decreases toward the downstream side in the air ejection direction.
- FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the flow of fuel and air with respect to the B-B ′ cross section in FIG. 15.
- the fuel jet 34 and the air jet 35 are mixed to form an unburned premixed gas as in the first and second embodiments.
- the fuel premixed gas is swirled by the swirl plate 33 and supplied to the combustion chamber 50.
- the unburned premixed gas is divided into an unburned premixed gas main flow 38 ejected along the central axis direction of the air holes 31 and an unburned premixed gas substream 39 flowing along the surface of the groove 36.
- the unburned premixed gas main flow 38 is supplied to the combustion chamber 50 as it is.
- the unburned premixed gas side flow 39 is supplied to the combustion chamber 50 after flowing along the groove 36 connected to the outlet of the air hole 31.
- the extending direction of the groove 36 coincides with the turning direction (the direction of the central axis) of the air hole 31, so that the groove 36 is provided in the circumferential direction (annular).
- the momentum of the unburned premixed gas side stream 39 can be used efficiently, and the unburned premixed gas side stream 39 can be easily flowed over the entire area in the groove 36.
- channel 36 is independent, interference with the unburned premixed gas side flow 39 supplied from the air hole 31 adjacent in the groove
- the center of the burner 5 attaches flame to the swirl plate to ensure combustion stability, and the outer periphery of the burner 5 is stabilized by low NOx combustion without attaching flame to the swirl plate. Combustion and low NOx combustion are compatible.
- FIG. 18 is an enlarged view of the groove 36 according to the present embodiment
- FIG. 19 is an enlarged view of a modification of the groove 36 according to the present embodiment.
- the width W36 (see FIG. 16) of the groove 36 according to the present embodiment is kept constant at a size equivalent to the hole diameter of the air hole 31 as shown in FIG. 18, but as shown in FIG. A structure may be adopted in which the width W36A of the groove 36A is gradually increased toward the downstream side in the air ejection direction of 36A, and the unburned premixed gas side flow 39 is widened to flow into the combustion chamber 50.
- the unburned premixed gas side flow 39 can flow in a wider area than in the case where the width of the groove is constant. Easy to control extensively. Further, since the remaining portion 37 of the swivel plate 33 becomes smaller, it is possible to prevent the flame from adhering to the remaining portion 37.
- a combustor in which a plurality of fuel nozzles and air holes are arranged concentrically (eight rows) with respect to the center of the swivel plate 33 (air hole plate) is taken as an example.
- the present invention is also applicable to a combustor (multi-injection combustor) configured by concentrically arranging a plurality of fuel nozzles and air holes with respect to a plurality of points on the swirl plate 33. is there. An example of this case will be described as a fourth embodiment with reference to FIGS.
- FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view of a gas turbine combustor according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, and corresponds to FIG. 2 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 21 is a view of the air hole plate according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention as viewed from the downstream side, and corresponds to FIG. 4 according to the first embodiment.
- the gas turbine combustor shown in these figures includes a plurality of sets of burners 41 and 42 each configured by arranging a plurality of (three) rows of fuel nozzles 30 and air holes 31 concentrically.
- a set of burners is configured by arranging six fuel nozzles 30 and air holes 31 in the first row, six in the first row, twelve in the second row, and eighteen in the third row.
- one set of this burner is arranged as a pilot burner 41 at the axial center of the gas turbine combustor 2, and six sets of this burner are arranged as the main burner 42 around the multi burner. It has a burner structure.
- Fuel is supplied to the burner according to the present embodiment through a fuel system 200 provided with a fuel shut-off valve 210, and an F1 fuel system 201 provided with an F1 fuel flow rate control valve 211 branched from the fuel system 200, and a fuel F2 fuel system 202 provided with an F2 fuel flow rate adjustment valve 212 branched from the system 200, F3 fuel system 203 provided with an F3 fuel flow rate adjustment valve 213 branched from the fuel system 200, and F4 fuel flow rate branched from the fuel system 200 Four fuel systems of the F4 fuel system 204 including the control valve 214 are arranged.
- the flow rate of the F1 fuel supplied through the F1 fuel system 201 is adjusted by the F1 fuel flow rate adjustment valve 211 and supplied to the F1 burner 43 that is the pilot burner 41.
- the flow rate of the F2 fuel supplied through the F2 fuel system 202 is adjusted by the F2 fuel flow rate adjusting valve 212 and supplied to the F2 burner 44 that is the first row of the two burners in the main burner 42.
- the flow rate of the F3 fuel supplied to the burner 5 through the F3 fuel system 203 is adjusted by the F3 fuel flow rate adjusting valve 213 and supplied to the F3 burner 45 which is the first row of the four burners in the main burner 42.
- the flow rate of the F4 fuel supplied to the burner 5 through the F4 fuel system 204 is adjusted by the F4 fuel flow rate adjustment valve 214 and supplied to the F4 burner 45 which is the second and third rows of the entire burner set of the main burner 42. .
- the fuel staging that changes the number of fuel nozzles to be supplied in stages with respect to the change in the fuel flow rate of the gas turbine by the structure in which fuel is supplied from the four systems of the fuel systems 201 to 204 is provided. This makes it possible to ensure combustion stability and reduce NOx during gas turbine partial load operation.
- a swirl flow 60 is formed by each burner.
- a circulation flow 61 is formed in each burner, and a flame surface 62 is formed and stably combusts.
- FIG. 22 is an enlarged view of a part (part A) of the swivel plate 33 surrounded by a dashed-dotted rectangle in FIG. 20, and FIG. 23 shows a set of main burners 42 surrounded by a dashed-dotted circle in FIG. It is an enlarged view of (B section).
- a flame is attached to the swivel plate 33 in the first row of each burner to ensure combustion stability, and low NOx combustion is performed without attaching a flame to the swivel plate 33 in the second and third rows.
- grooves 36 are provided in the second and third rows of each burner.
- each air hole 31 is comprised with the turning air hole which has a turning angle similarly to the thing of each previous embodiment.
- the grooves 36 are arranged in the second and third rows of all the burners of the pilot burner 41 and the main burner 42. However, the grooves 36 in the second and third rows of the pilot burner 41 are provided. Can be omitted. If the second row and third row grooves 36 in the pilot burner 41 are omitted, the combustion stability can be further enhanced.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and includes various modifications within the scope not departing from the gist thereof.
- the present invention is not limited to the one having all the configurations described in the above embodiment, and includes a configuration in which a part of the configuration is deleted.
- part of the configuration according to one embodiment can be added to or replaced with the configuration according to another embodiment.
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Abstract
Description
以下、本発明の実施の形態を図面を用いて説明する。
(1)第1の実施の形態
まず、本発明の第1の実施の形態に係るガスタービン燃焼器を備えたガスタービンプラントについて図1を用いて説明する。本発明の第1の実施の形態に係るガスタービン燃焼器は、燃料と空気とを混合して燃焼室に噴出し燃焼させる複数のバーナと、燃料を噴出する複数の燃料ノズルを配設した燃料ヘッダと、燃料と空気とを混合して燃焼室に噴出する複数の空気孔を形成した空気孔プレートと、燃料ノズルと空気孔を同軸に配設して形成した複数の燃料と空気の同軸噴流を備えたガスタービン燃焼器において、空気孔の下流に空気孔から燃焼室に供給する未燃予混合気の一部が流れる溝を設け、かつ溝間の残肉量が数ミリ程度であることを特徴とする。
図1は本発明の第1の実施の形態に係るガスタービン燃焼器2を備えた発電用のガスタービンプラント1000の全体構成を表している。図1に示した発電用のガスタービンプラント1000は、吸い込み空気100を加圧して高圧空気101を生成する圧縮機1と、圧縮機1で生成した高圧空気101と燃料系統200を通じて供給される燃料とを混合して燃焼させ、高温の燃焼ガス102を生成するガスタービン燃焼器2と、ガスタービン燃焼器2で生成した高温の燃焼ガス102によって駆動されるタービン3と、タービン3の駆動によって回転され電力を発生させる発電機20とを備えている。
F1燃料系統201を通じてバーナ5に供給されるF1燃料の流量は、F1燃料流量調節弁211によって調節される。F2燃料系統202を通じてバーナ5に供給されるF2燃料の流量は、F2燃料流量調節弁212によって調節される。F3燃料系統203を通じてバーナ5に供給されるF3燃料の流量は、F3燃料流量調節弁213によって調節される。F4燃料系統204を通じてバーナ5に供給されるF4燃料の流量は、F4燃料流量調節弁214によって調節される。燃料流量調節弁211~214によって、F1燃料~F4燃料の燃料流量をそれぞれ調節して、ガスタービンプラント1000の発電量が制御される。
図3に示すように、旋回プレート33に係る空気孔31の両端に形成される円の中心を結んで得られる当該空気孔31の中心軸は、燃料ノズル30の中心軸、ベースプレート32に係る空気孔31の中心軸、または燃焼器ライナ10の中心軸の方向と、所定の角度α°をなすように旋回プレート33に斜めに形成されている(なお、ここにおける「所定の角度をなす」とは、旋回プレート33に係る空気孔31の中心軸と他の中心軸(燃料ノズル30の中心軸、ベースプレート32に係る空気孔31の中心軸、または燃焼器ライナ10の中心軸)が平行でないということである。)。角度α°は空気孔31からの空気の噴出方向を規定する。このように旋回プレート33に係る空気孔31を、角度α°を持った斜め管(斜円柱)に形成することで、旋回プレート33に係る空気孔31を通過する流体に旋回成分が付与され、これにより生じる循環流によって火炎が安定化される。各空気孔31の角度α°は各列において最適な値に設定されている。
図1に示したように、F1バーナにはF1燃料流量調節弁211を備えたF1燃料系統201から燃料が供給されており、F2バーナにはF2燃料流量調節弁212を備えたF2燃料系統202から、F3バーナにはF3燃料流量調節弁213を備えたF3燃料系統203から、F4バーナにはF4燃料流量調節弁214を備えたF4燃料系統204から燃料が供給されている。
溝36は、旋回プレート33に係る空気孔31からの空気の噴出方向の下流側に位置するように設けられている。本実施の形態における溝36は、円周状に配列された空気孔列の配列方向に合わせて旋回プレート33上に環状に設けられており、旋回プレート33上には、中心が同じで半径の異なる円周形状の溝36が4つ設けられている。なお、旋回プレート33に係る空気孔31からの空気の噴出方向は、旋回プレート33に係る空気孔31の中心軸(燃料ノズル30の中心軸と角度α°をなすもの)の方向に対応し、溝36と空気孔31の配置関係では、旋回プレート33に係る空気孔31の中心軸を旋回プレート33に対して正射影して得られる直線の方向(本実施の形態の場合には各空気孔列に係る円周の接線方向)を基準にして溝36を設ければ良い。そのため、本実施の形態では、空気孔31の配列方向に合わせて環状の溝36が設けられている。
本実施の形態における燃料と空気の流れを図7で説明する。図7は、図5中のB-B’断面について、燃料と空気の流れを模式的に示した断面図である。この図に示すように、燃料ヘッダ40から燃料ノズル30に供給される燃料は、燃料ノズル30の噴出孔から噴射され燃料噴流34として空気孔31に流下する。圧縮機1から供給される圧縮空気101は、尾筒内筒12と燃焼器ライナ10を対流冷却した後、空気噴流35となって空気孔31に流下する。ベースプレート32に係る空気孔31は直管(直円柱)であり、その下流の旋回プレート33に係る空気孔31は斜め管(斜円柱)となっている。この空気孔31の内部で燃料噴流34と空気噴流35の混合が進むため、旋回プレート33の空気孔31の出口付近では、燃料と空気は混合して未燃予混合気となる。なお、前述のように、空気孔31から燃焼室50に流路が急拡大する時に、燃料と空気の混合が急速に進むため、空気孔31の出口付近では、厳密に言うと燃料と空気は完全に混合していない。しかし、ここでは空気孔31の出口付近の燃料と空気の混合気を、便宜的に未燃予混合気と呼ぶ。
以上のように、本実施の形態によれば、バーナの中央では旋回プレート33に火炎が付着するので燃焼安定性が確保でき、バーナの外周では旋回プレート33に火炎が付着しないので低NOx燃焼できる。すなわち、本実施の形態によれば、安定燃焼と低NOx燃焼が両立できる。
(2)第2の実施の形態
次に本発明の第2の実施の形態に係るガスタービン燃焼器について説明する。本実施の形態に係るガスタービン及びガスタービン燃焼器は図1~図8に示した第1の実施の形態に係るものと基本的な構成は共通している。そのため、両者に共通した構成及び作用の説明は省略し、相違する部分を主に以下で説明する。また、本実施の形態に係る燃焼器2の運用方法は、図8を用いて説明した第1の実施の形態とほぼ同じであるため、説明は割愛する。
図9は本発明の第2の実施の形態に係る空気孔プレート(ベースプレート32および旋回プレート33)を下流側から見た図である。本実施の形態が第1の実施の形態と異なるのは、溝36が設けられたF2バーナ、F3バーナおよびF4バーナ(第2領域)における旋回プレート33に係る空気孔31の孔径が、溝36の無いF1バーナ(第1領域)の空気孔31の孔径よりも大径である点である。 なお、図に示した例では、F2バーナ~F4バーナ(第2領域)の空気孔31の孔径は、F1バーナ(第1領域)の約1.2倍としている。また、隣り合う空気孔31で孔同士が干渉せず、旋回プレート33に設置可能な孔径であれば、大径であるほど効果が期待できるため、1.2倍以上に大径であっても問題はない。
なお、空気孔31の孔径について、本実施の形態ではベースプレート32に係る空気孔31の孔径に比べて、旋回プレート33に係る空気孔31の孔径を大径としたが、ベースプレート32の孔径が旋回プレート33と同じ大径であっても、同様に火炎付着抑制効果が期待できる。
(3)第3の実施の形態
次に本発明の第3の実施の形態に係るガスタービン燃焼器について説明する。本実施の形態に係るガスタービン及びガスタービン燃焼器も図1~図8に示した第1の実施の形態に係るものと基本的な構成は共通しているため、以下では相違する部分について主に説明する。なお、本実施の形態に係るガスタービンプラントの燃焼器の運用方法も、本発明の第1の実施の形態とほぼ同じであるため、説明は割愛する。
図15は図14中の点線の矩形で囲んだ領域の拡大図であり、図16は図15中のA-A’断面の斜視図である。これらの図に示すように、本実施の形態に係る溝36が旋回プレート33上で延在する方向は、空気孔31からの空気の噴出方向を規定する中心軸を旋回プレート33に対して正射影して得られる直線(たとえば、図15中の矢印L36)の方向に相当し、図示した例では、各空気孔31が含まれる空気孔列が形成する円周の接線方向に一致している。すなわち、本実施の形態に係る溝36は、各空気孔31が含まれる空気孔列が形成する円周についての、当該空気孔31の位置における接線方向に延在している。各溝36における空気噴出方向の下流側には、空気噴出方向の下流側に向かって徐々に溝36の深さが浅くなる傾斜部66が設けられている。
図18は本実施の形態に係る溝36の拡大図であり、図19は本実施の形態に係る溝36の変形例の拡大図である。本実施の形態に係る溝36の幅W36(図16参照)は、図18に示すように、空気孔31の孔径と同等の寸法で一定に保持したが、図19に示したように、溝36Aにおける空気噴出方向の下流側に向かって当該溝36Aの幅W36Aを徐々に拡大させ、未燃予混合気副流39の幅を広げながら燃焼室50に流す構造を採用しても良い。図19のような溝36Aを形成すると、溝の幅が一定の場合と比較して広範な領域に未燃予混合気副流39を流すことができるため、旋回プレート33への火炎の付着が広範に抑制し易い。また、旋回プレート33の残肉部37が小さくなるため、残肉部37への火炎付着も防止できる。
なお、上記の各実施の形態では、旋回プレート33(空気孔プレート)の中心に対して複数の燃料ノズル及び空気孔を同心状に複数(8列)配置して構成した燃焼器を例に挙げて説明したが、旋回プレート33上の複数の点に対して複数の燃料ノズル及び空気孔を同心状に配置して構成した燃焼器(マルチ噴射式の燃焼器)についても本発明は適用可能である。この場合の一例を第4の実施の形態として、図20から図23を用いて説明する。
本実施の形態に係るガスタービン及びガスタービン燃焼器も第1の実施の形態に係るものと基本的な構成は共通しているため、ここでは相違する部分について主に説明する。
F1燃料系統201を通じて供給されるF1燃料の流量は、F1燃料流量調節弁211によって調節されて、パイロットバーナ41であるF1バーナ43に供給される。F2燃料系統202を通じて供給されるF2燃料の流量は、F2燃料流量調節弁212によって調節されて、メインバーナ42のうちバーナ2組の1列目であるF2バーナ44に供給される。F3燃料系統203を通じてバーナ5に供給されるF3燃料の流量は、F3燃料流量調節弁213によって調節されて、メインバーナ42のうちバーナ4組の1列目であるF3バーナ45に供給される。F4燃料系統204を通じてバーナ5に供給されるF4燃料の流量は、F4燃料流量調節弁214によって調節されて、メインバーナ42のバーナ全組の2、3列目であるF4バーナ45に供給される。
本実施の形態のように溝36を設けると、溝36に空気孔31から供給される燃料と空気の未燃予混合気の一部(未燃予混合気副流)が流れるため、2列目の空気孔間および3列目の空気孔間への火炎の付着が防止できる。さらに、溝36の幅を空気孔31の直径以上にして残肉部37の幅を消炎距離以下とすることで、残肉部37への火炎の付着が防止できる。かくして、マルチバーナ構造の各バーナで、安定燃焼と低NOx燃焼が両立できる。したがって、本実施の形態によれば、各バーナの1列目では旋回プレートに火炎を付着させて燃焼安定性を確保でき、各バーナの2列目と3列目は旋回プレートに火炎を付着させずに低NOx燃焼させて、安定燃焼と低NOx燃焼が両立できる。
1:圧縮機、2:ガスタービン燃焼器、3:タービン、4:ケーシング、5:バーナ、10:燃焼器ライナ、11:フロースリーブ、12:尾筒内筒、13:尾筒外筒、14:スプリングシール、15:サポート、20:発電機、21:シャフト、30:燃料ノズル、31:空気孔、32:ベースプレート、33:旋回プレート、34:燃料噴流、35:空気噴流、36:溝、37:残肉部、38:未燃予混合気主流、39:未燃予混合気副流、40:燃料ヘッダ、50:燃焼室、100:吸い込み空気、101:高圧空気、102:高温燃焼ガス、103:排ガス、200:燃料系統、201:F1燃料系統、202:F2燃料系統、203:F3燃料系統、204:F4燃料系統、210:燃料遮断弁、211:F1燃料流量調節弁、212:F2燃料流量調節弁、213:F3燃料流量調節弁、214:F4燃料流量調節弁、1000:ガスタービンプラント
Claims (7)
- 燃料と空気とを燃焼させて燃焼ガスを生成する燃焼室と、
燃料を噴出する複数の燃料ノズルが配設された燃料ヘッダと、
前記複数の燃料ノズルから噴射される燃料と空気とを前記燃焼室に噴出する複数の空気孔が形成された空気孔プレートと、
前記空気孔プレートにおける前記燃焼室側の面上に前記空気孔と連結して設けられた溝とを備えることを特徴とするガスタービン燃焼器。 - [規則91に基づく訂正 29.07.2013]
請求項1に記載のガスタービン燃焼器において、
前記空気孔は、その中心軸が燃焼器ライナの軸方向と所定の角度をなすように前記空気孔プレートに斜めに形成されており、
前記溝は、前記空気孔からの空気の噴出方向の下流側に位置するように設けられていることを特徴とするガスタービン燃焼器。 - 請求項1に記載のガスタービン燃焼器において、
前記溝は、前記空気孔プレート上に複数設けられており、
当該複数の溝のうち隣接する2つの溝が形成する間隙の寸法は、消炎距離以下に設定されていることを特徴とするガスタービン燃焼器。 - 請求項3に記載のガスタービン燃焼器において、
前記複数の溝は、中心が同じで半径の異なる円周形状の複数の溝であり、
前記複数の溝のうち半径方向において隣接する2つの溝の間隙寸法は、消炎距離以下に設定されていることを特徴とするガスタービン燃焼器。 - 請求項4に記載のガスタービン燃焼器において、
前記空気孔プレートの中心からの径方向距離が所定値未満の第1領域では、前記溝は設けられておらず、当該第1領域に含まれる前記複数の空気孔の前記燃焼室側の開口端は前記空気孔プレート上に位置しており、
前記空気孔プレートの中心からの径方向距離が所定値以上の第2領域では、前記溝が設けられており、当該第2領域に含まれる前記複数の空気孔の前記燃焼室側の開口端は前記溝の底部に位置しており、
前記第2領域に含まれる前記複数の空気孔の孔径は、前記第1領域に含まれる前記複数の空気孔の孔径よりも大きいことを特徴とするガスタービン燃焼器。 - 請求項2に記載のガスタービン燃焼器において、
前記溝は、前記複数の空気孔に含まれる1つの空気孔に対して1つずつ設けられている複数の溝であることを特徴とするガスタービン燃焼器。 - 請求項1から6のいずれかに記載のガスタービン燃焼器において、
前記複数の燃料ノズルのそれぞれの軸方向の下流側には、前記空気孔が1つずつ配置されており、
前記燃料ノズルから噴出される燃料と前記空気孔を通過する空気は同軸噴流を形成することを特徴とするガスタービン燃焼器。
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