WO2014024892A1 - 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 - Google Patents
液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014024892A1 WO2014024892A1 PCT/JP2013/071282 JP2013071282W WO2014024892A1 WO 2014024892 A1 WO2014024892 A1 WO 2014024892A1 JP 2013071282 W JP2013071282 W JP 2013071282W WO 2014024892 A1 WO2014024892 A1 WO 2014024892A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- liquid crystal
- bis
- polyamic acid
- formula
- group
- Prior art date
Links
- 0 *c1cc(N)cc(N)c1 Chemical compound *c1cc(N)cc(N)c1 0.000 description 5
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D179/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen, with or without oxygen, or carbon only, not provided for in groups C09D161/00 - C09D177/00
- C09D179/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C09D179/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1057—Polyimides containing other atoms than carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen or oxygen in the main chain
- C08G73/1064—Polyimides containing other atoms than carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen or oxygen in the main chain containing sulfur
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1075—Partially aromatic polyimides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/14—Polyamide-imides
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133711—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films
- G02F1/133723—Polyimide, polyamide-imide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G2261/50—Physical properties
- C08G2261/59—Stability
- C08G2261/594—Stability against light, i.e. electromagnetic radiation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal aligning agent used when producing a liquid crystal aligning film, a liquid crystal aligning film using the same, and a liquid crystal display element.
- Liquid crystal display elements used for liquid crystal televisions and liquid crystal displays are now widely used as thin and light display devices.
- a so-called polyamic acid also referred to as polyamic acid
- a polyimide precursor such as polyamic acid ester
- a liquid crystal aligning agent mainly composed of a polyimide solution is applied to a glass substrate or the like and baked.
- a polyimide-based liquid crystal alignment film is mainly used.
- liquid crystal display elements In order to improve the display characteristics of such liquid crystal display elements, methods such as changing the structure of polyamic acid, polyamic acid ester and polyimide, polyamic acid with different characteristics, blend of polyamic acid ester and polyimide, adding additives, etc. As a result, liquid crystal orientation, electrical characteristics, etc. are improved, and the pretilt angle is controlled (see Patent Document 1, etc.).
- liquid crystal display elements have higher performance, larger areas, and power-saving display devices, the characteristics required for liquid crystal alignment films have become stricter, and the resistance of liquid crystal display elements to exposure to ultraviolet rays has also increased. Desired.
- the liquid crystal alignment film in the image forming region may be irradiated with ultraviolet rays. is there.
- the liquid crystal alignment film is irradiated with ultraviolet rays (UV) in the alignment treatment step.
- Some liquid crystal display elements such as the vertical alignment (VA) system include a step of irradiating ultraviolet rays while applying a voltage to liquid crystal molecules in the manufacturing process.
- the liquid crystal display element may be exposed to ultraviolet rays from the outside during use.
- the liquid crystal alignment film is not resistant to exposure to these ultraviolet rays, there arises a problem that electrical characteristics such as voltage holding ratio deteriorate.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal alignment agent, a liquid crystal alignment film, and a liquid crystal display element capable of obtaining a liquid crystal alignment film having excellent ultraviolet resistance. .
- liquid crystal aligning agent containing a polyamic acid or polyimide using a tetracarboxylic dianhydride having a specific structure as a raw material and a solvent is very As a result, the present invention has been found to be effective.
- the present invention has the following gist.
- At least one polymer selected from a polyamic acid obtained by polymerizing a tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the following formula (1) and a diamine component and a polyimide obtained by imidizing the polyamic acid; And a liquid crystal aligning agent containing a solvent.
- a liquid crystal display element comprising the liquid crystal alignment film according to 4.3.
- the liquid crystal alignment film obtained by using the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention has excellent resistance to ultraviolet rays. Therefore, for example, even when used as a liquid crystal alignment film of a liquid crystal display element including a step of irradiating ultraviolet rays in the manufacturing process, the deterioration of electric characteristics such as voltage holding ratio is suppressed in the manufacturing process, and the liquid crystal display having good electric characteristics An element can be provided. Further, even when used as a liquid crystal alignment film of a liquid crystal display element used in an environment exposed to ultraviolet rays, deterioration of electric characteristics such as voltage holding ratio is suppressed, and a liquid crystal display element having good electric characteristics is obtained.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention includes a polyamic acid obtained by polymerizing a tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the above formula (1) and a diamine component, and a polyimide obtained by imidizing this polyamic acid. It contains at least one polymer selected from the above and a solvent.
- the liquid crystal alignment agent is a solution for producing a liquid crystal alignment film, and the liquid crystal alignment film is a film for aligning liquid crystals in a predetermined direction.
- —NH— bonded to the benzene ring is present at the para position or the meta position.
- a polyamic acid is obtained by polymerizing the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the formula (1) with a diamine component. Moreover, a polyimide is obtained by imidating the obtained polyamic acid.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is a polyamic acid obtained by polymerizing the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the formula (1) and a diamine component, or a polyimide obtained by imidizing this polyamic acid. And a solvent.
- a polyamic acid and polyimide which use the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by Formula (1) as a raw material, and the liquid crystal aligning agent containing a solvent as shown in the Example mentioned later, ultraviolet ( It is possible to obtain a liquid crystal alignment film that is excellent in UV resistance and in which deterioration of electrical characteristics such as voltage holding ratio (VHR) due to UV exposure is suppressed. Accordingly, it is possible to provide a liquid crystal display element having excellent electrical characteristics in which deterioration of electrical characteristics such as voltage holding ratio is suppressed even when UV is irradiated in the manufacturing process or used in an environment exposed to UV. Can do.
- VHR voltage holding ratio
- the polyimide which uses the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by Formula (1) as a raw material, and the liquid crystal aligning agent containing a solvent have high coating-film uniformity at the time of apply
- Generation of polymer aggregates also called whitening / aggregation
- the whitening and aggregation of the liquid crystal aligning agent containing a polyamic acid using a tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the formula (1) and a solvent hardly occur.
- a polyimide using tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the formula (1) as a raw material has solubility in a solvent used for a liquid crystal aligning agent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or 2-butoxyethanol. Even if the liquid crystal aligning agent is allowed to stand for a long time, it does not precipitate and has high storage stability.
- the production method of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the formula (1) is not particularly limited.
- 1,2,4-cyclohexanetricarboxylic acid-1,2-anhydride 4-chloride and phenylenediamine It can manufacture by making these react.
- the production method described in JP2012-72121A can be mentioned.
- a tetracarboxylic dianhydride other than the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the formula (1) (hereinafter, other tetracarboxylic dianhydrides). May also be reacted with a diamine component.
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the formula (1) is preferably used in an amount of 60 to 95 mol% of the total amount of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride components used for the synthesis of the polyamic acid, more preferably.
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by Formula (1) and other tetracarboxylic dianhydrides are collectively described as a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component.
- tetracarboxylic dianhydrides examples include tetracarboxylic dianhydrides represented by the following formula (2).
- Z 1 is a tetravalent organic group having 4 to 13 carbon atoms containing a non-aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 6 carbon atoms.
- Z 1 examples include tetravalent organic groups represented by the following formulas (2a) to (2j).
- Z 2 to Z 5 are a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, a chlorine atom or a benzene ring, which may be the same or different.
- Z 6 and Z 7 are hydrogen atoms or methyl groups, which may be the same or different.
- Z 1 particularly preferred structure of Z 1 is represented by formula (2a), formula (2c), formula (2d), formula (2e), formula (2f) or formula from the viewpoint of polymerization reactivity and ease of synthesis. (2g).
- the formula (2a), the formula (2e), the formula (2f), or the formula (2g) is preferable.
- the ratio of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the formula (2) to the total amount of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component is not particularly limited.
- 5 to 40 mol% of the total amount of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component is It is preferably a tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the formula (2), more preferably 10 to 30 mol%.
- tetracarboxylic dianhydrides other than the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the above formula (2) include pyromellitic acid, 2,3,6,7-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid, 1,2,5,6 -Naphthalene tetracarboxylic acid, 1,4,5,8-naphthalene tetracarboxylic acid, 2,3,6,7-anthracene tetracarboxylic acid, 1,2,5,6-anthracene tetracarboxylic acid, 3,3 ', 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid, 2,3,3 ′, 4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid, bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) ether, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-benzophenonetetracarboxylic Acid, bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) sulfone, bis (3,4-dicarboxyphen
- the polyamic acid, the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the above formula (1) used as a raw material for polyimide, and other tetracarboxylic dianhydrides may each be one kind or two or more kinds. But you can.
- the diamine component to be reacted with a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component such as tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the formula (1) is not particularly limited, and a diamine generally used for a liquid crystal aligning agent can be used.
- a diamine generally used for a liquid crystal aligning agent can be used.
- general diamines include general-purpose diamines, diamines having side chains for vertically aligning liquid crystals, diamines that allow liquid crystals to exhibit a high pretilt angle, and diamines having photoreactive groups.
- Examples of general-purpose diamines include p-phenylenediamine, 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine, 2,5-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine, m-phenylenediamine, and 2,4-dimethyl- m-phenylenediamine, 2,5-diaminotoluene, 2,6-diaminotoluene, 2,5-diaminophenol, 2,4-diaminophenol, 3,5-diaminophenol, 3,5-diaminobenzyl alcohol, 2, 4-diaminobenzyl alcohol, 4,6-diaminoresorcinol, 4,4'-diaminobiphenyl, 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-diaminobiphenyl, 3,3'-dimethoxy-4,4'-diaminobiphenyl 3,3′-dihydroxy-4,4′-diaminobiphenyl, 3,3′-dica
- Such a general-purpose diamine is preferably used in an amount of 50 to 95 mol% of the diamine component used for the synthesis of the polyamic acid, and more preferably 70 to 90 mol% of the diamine component.
- a diamine having a side chain that vertically aligns the liquid crystal or a diamine that develops a high pretilt angle in the liquid crystal a long chain alkyl group, a group having a ring structure or a branched structure in the middle of the long chain alkyl group, a steroid group
- diamines having, as a side chain, a group in which some or all of the hydrogen atoms in these groups are replaced with fluorine atoms Specific examples include diamines represented by the following formulas (3), (4), (5), and (6), but are not limited thereto.
- l, m and n each independently represents an integer of 0 or 1
- R 3 represents an alkylene group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, —O—, —COO—, —OCO—, —NHCO.
- R 4 , R 5 and R 6 each independently represents a phenylene group or a cycloalkylene group
- R 7 is a hydrogen atom or carbon number 2
- R 3 in the above formula (3) is preferably —O—, —COO—, —CONH—, or an alkylene-ether group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms from the viewpoint of ease of synthesis.
- R 4 , R 5 and R 6 in the formula (3) are l, m, n, R 4 and R 5 shown in Table 1 below from the viewpoint of easy synthesis and ability to align liquid crystals vertically. And a combination of R 6 is preferred.
- R 7 in formula (3) is preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 2 to 14 carbon atoms or a fluorine-containing alkyl group, more preferably A hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, or a fluorine-containing alkyl group.
- R 7 is preferably an alkyl group having 12 to 22 carbon atoms or a fluorine-containing alkyl group, a monovalent aromatic ring, a monovalent aliphatic ring, a monovalent Heterocycles and monovalent macrocyclic substituents composed of these are preferred, and alkyl groups having 12 to 20 carbon atoms or fluorine-containing alkyl groups are more preferred.
- the ability of a polymer having side chains for vertically aligning liquid crystals to align liquid crystals vertically varies depending on the structure of the side chains for vertically aligning liquid crystals, but in general, the side chains for vertically aligning liquid crystals.
- the amount of cis is increased, that is, when the content of diamine having a side chain that vertically aligns the liquid crystal contained in the diamine component is increased, the ability to align the liquid crystal vertically increases, and decreases when the content decreases.
- it has a cyclic structure compared with what does not have a cyclic structure, there exists a tendency for the capability to orientate a liquid crystal vertically.
- a 10 represents —COO—, —OCO—, —CONH—, —NHCO—, —CH 2 —, —O—, —CO—, or —NH—.
- a 11 represents a single bond or a phenylene group, and a represents —R 3 — (R 4 ) 1 — (R 5 ) m — (R 6 ) n —R 7 (R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , l, m, and n are the same as defined in the above formula (3), and a ′ is a divalent structure in which one element such as hydrogen is removed from the same structure as a. Represents a group of
- a 14 is an alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a fluorine atom
- a 15 is a 1,4-cyclohexylene group, or 1,4- A phenylene group
- a 16 is an oxygen atom or —COO— * (where a bond marked with “*” is bonded to A 15 )
- a 17 is an oxygen atom or —COO — * ( However, bond marked with "*” is (CH 2) binds to a 2.) is. in addition, a 1 is 0 or 1, a 2 is an integer of 2 ⁇ 10, a 3 is 0 or 1)
- the bonding position of the two amino groups (—NH 2 ) in the formula (3) is not limited. Specifically, with respect to the side chain (—R 3 — (R 4 ) 1 — (R 5 ) m — (R 6 ) n —R 7 ), 2, 3 positions on the benzene ring, 2, 4 Position, 2, 5 position, 2, 6 position, 3, 4 position, 3, 5 position. Among these, from the viewpoint of reactivity when synthesizing a polyamic acid, positions 2, 4, 2, 5, or 3, 5 are preferable. Considering the ease in synthesizing the diamine, the positions 2, 4 or 3, 5 are more preferable.
- a 1 is an alkyl group having 2 to 24 carbon atoms or a fluorine-containing alkyl group.
- a 2 represents —O—, —OCH 2 —, —CH 2 O—, —COOCH 2 —, or —CH 2 OCO—
- 3 is an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group, a fluorine-containing alkyl group or a fluorine-containing alkoxy group.
- a 4 represents —COO—, —OCO—, —CONH—, —NHCO—, —COOCH 2 —, —CH 2 OCO—, —CH 2 O—, —OCH 2 —, or —CH 2 —
- a 5 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group, a fluorine-containing alkyl group, or a fluorine-containing alkoxy group.
- a 6 represents —COO—, —OCO—, —CONH—, —NHCO—, —COOCH 2 —, —CH 2 OCO—, —CH 2 O—, —OCH 2 —, —CH 2 —, —O—, or —NH—
- a 7 represents fluorine group, cyano group, trifluoromethane group, nitro group, azo group, formyl group, acetyl group, acetoxy Group or hydroxyl group.
- a 8 is an alkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, and the cis-trans isomerism of 1,4-cyclohexylene is a trans isomer. .
- a 9 is an alkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, and the cis-trans isomerism of 1,4-cyclohexylene is a trans isomer. .
- diamine represented by the formula (4) examples include diamines represented by the following formulas [A-25] to [A-30], but are not limited thereto.
- a 12 represents —COO—, —OCO—, —CONH—, —NHCO—, —CH 2 —, —O—, —CO—, or —NH—
- a 13 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms or a fluorine-containing alkyl group.
- diamine represented by the formula (5) examples include diamines represented by the following formulas [A-31] to [A-32], but are not limited thereto.
- Such a diamine having a side chain for vertically aligning the liquid crystal or a diamine that develops a high pretilt angle in the liquid crystal is preferably used in an amount of 0 to 50 mol% of the diamine component used for the synthesis of the polyamic acid. Preferably, it is 10 to 40 mol% of the diamine component.
- diamine having a photoreactive group examples include a diamine having a photoreactive group such as a vinyl group, an acrylic group, a methacryl group, an allyl group, a styryl group, a cinnamoyl group, a chalconeyl group, a coumarin group, and a maleimide group as a side chain.
- a diamine having a photoreactive group such as a vinyl group, an acrylic group, a methacryl group, an allyl group, a styryl group, a cinnamoyl group, a chalconeyl group, a coumarin group, and a maleimide group as a side chain.
- the diamine represented by following General formula (7) can be mentioned, it is not limited to this.
- R 8 is a single bond or —CH 2 —, —O—, —COO—, —OCO—, —NHCO—, —CONH—, —NH—, —CH 2 O—, — Represents any one of N (CH 3 ) —, —CON (CH 3 ) —, —N (CH 3 ) CO—, and R 9 represents a single bond, or an unsubstituted or substituted carbon atom.
- 10 vinyl group, an acryl group, a methacryl group, an allyl group, a styryl group, N (CH 2 CHCH 2) represents a 2, or represented by the following formula structure.
- R 8 in the above formula (7) can be formed by a usual organic synthetic method, but from the viewpoint of ease of synthesis, —CH 2 —, —O—, —COO—, —NHCO —, —NH— and —CH 2 O— are preferred.
- divalent carbocycle or divalent heterocycle carbocycle or heterocycle for replacing any —CH 2 — in R 9 include the following structures, but are not limited thereto. Is not to be done.
- R 10 is preferably a vinyl group, an acrylic group, a methacryl group, an allyl group, a styryl group, —N (CH 2 CHCH 2 ) 2 or a structure represented by the following formula from the viewpoint of photoreactivity.
- —R 8 —R 9 —R 10 in the above formula (7) is more preferably the following structure.
- the bonding position of the two amino groups (—NH 2 ) in the formula (7) is not limited. Specifically, with respect to the side chain (-R 8 -R 9 -R 10 ), 2, 3 position, 2, 4 position, 2, 5 position, 2, 6 position on the benzene ring, Examples include positions 3, 4 and 3, 5. Among these, from the viewpoint of reactivity when synthesizing a polyamic acid, positions 2, 4, 2, 5, or 3, 5 are preferable. Considering the ease in synthesizing the diamine, the positions 2, 4 or 3, 5 are more preferable.
- diamine having a photoreactive group examples include, but are not limited to, the following compounds.
- X is a single bond or a linking group selected from —O—, —COO—, —NHCO—, —NH—, Y is a single bond, or carbon that is unsubstituted or substituted by a fluorine atom. Represents an alkylene group of 1 to 20.
- the diamine having such a photoreactive group is preferably used in an amount of 0 to 70 mol%, more preferably 0 to 60 mol% of the diamine component used for the synthesis of the polyamic acid.
- the diamine may be one type or two or more types depending on characteristics such as liquid crystal orientation when used as a liquid crystal alignment film, pretilt angle, voltage holding characteristics, stored charge, and response speed of liquid crystal when used as a liquid crystal display element. It can also be used by mixing.
- the polymerization reaction between the diamine component and the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component is usually performed in an organic solvent.
- the organic solvent used in that case is not particularly limited as long as the generated polyamic acid is soluble. Specific examples include N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-methylcaprolactam, dimethylsulfoxide, tetramethylurea, pyridine, dimethylsulfone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, isopropyl alcohol.
- the solvent may be used alone or in combination.
- it may be used by mixing with the above solvent as long as the produced polyamic acid does not precipitate.
- water in the organic solvent inhibits the polymerization reaction and further causes hydrolysis of the produced polyamic acid, it is preferable to use a dehydrated and dried organic solvent.
- the solution in which the diamine component is dispersed or dissolved in the organic solvent is stirred, and the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component is used as it is or in an organic solvent.
- a method of adding by dispersing or dissolving in a solvent a method of adding a diamine component to a solution in which a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component is dispersed or dissolved in an organic solvent, and a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component and a diamine component. And the like, and any of these methods may be used.
- the polymerization temperature can be selected from -20 ° C to 150 ° C, but is preferably in the range of -5 ° C to 100 ° C.
- the reaction can be carried out at any concentration, but if the concentration is too low, it will be difficult to obtain a high molecular weight polyamic acid (and polyimide), and if the concentration is too high, the viscosity of the reaction solution will become too high and uniform. Stirring becomes difficult.
- the total concentration of the diamine component and the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component is preferably 1 to 50% by mass, more preferably 5 to 30% by mass in the reaction solution.
- the initial stage of the reaction is carried out at a high concentration, and then an organic solvent can be added.
- the ratio of the total number of moles of the diamine component to the total number of moles of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component is preferably 0.8 to 1.2. Similar to a normal polycondensation reaction, the molecular weight of the polyamic acid produced increases as the molar ratio approaches 1.0.
- the polyamic acid polymerized in this way is, for example, a polymer having a repeating unit represented by the following formula [a].
- R 11 is a tetravalent organic group derived from a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component such as tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the above formula (1) as a raw material
- R 12 is a divalent organic group derived from the diamine component H 2 N—R 12 —NH 2 as a raw material
- j represents a positive integer.
- each of R 11 and R 12 may be one type and a polymer having the same repeating unit, or R 11 and R 12 may be a plurality of types and a polymer having a repeating unit having a different structure. But you can.
- polyimide is obtained by dehydrating and ring-closing such polyamic acid.
- Examples of the method for imidizing the polyamic acid include thermal imidization in which the polyamic acid solution is heated as it is, or catalytic imidization in which a catalyst is added to the polyamic acid solution.
- the temperature at which the polyamic acid is thermally imidized in the solution is 100 ° C. to 400 ° C., preferably 120 ° C. to 250 ° C., and it is preferable to carry out while removing water generated by the imidation reaction from the outside of the system.
- the catalytic imidation of polyamic acid can be carried out by adding a basic catalyst and an acid anhydride to a polyamic acid solution and stirring at -20 to 250 ° C., preferably 0 to 180 ° C.
- the amount of the basic catalyst is 0.5 to 30 mol times, preferably 2 to 20 mol times of the amic acid group, and the amount of the acid anhydride is 1 to 50 mol times, preferably 3 to 30 mol of the amido acid group. Is double.
- the basic catalyst include pyridine, triethylamine, trimethylamine, tributylamine, and trioctylamine. Among them, pyridine is preferable because it has a basicity appropriate for advancing the reaction.
- Examples of the acid anhydride include acetic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, pyromellitic anhydride, and the like. Among them, use of acetic anhydride is preferable because purification after completion of the reaction is facilitated.
- the imidization rate by catalytic imidation can be controlled by adjusting the amount of catalyst, reaction temperature, and reaction time.
- the reaction solution may be poured into a solvent and precipitated.
- the solvent used for precipitation include methanol, acetone, hexane, butyl cellosolve, heptane, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, ethanol, toluene, benzene, and water.
- the polymer that has been introduced into the solvent and precipitated can be recovered by filtration, and then dried at normal temperature or under reduced pressure at room temperature or by heating.
- the solvent at this time include alcohols, ketones, and hydrocarbons, and it is preferable to use three or more kinds of solvents selected from these because purification efficiency is further increased.
- the dehydration cyclization rate (imidation rate) of the amic acid group of the polyimide contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention does not necessarily need to be 100%, and is arbitrarily selected in the range of 0% to 100% depending on the application and purpose. However, 50% to 90% is preferable, and 70% to 86% is more preferable.
- the molecular weight of the polyamic acid or polyimide is determined by the GPC (Gel Permeation Chromatography) method in consideration of the strength of the resulting polymer film (liquid crystal alignment film), the workability when forming the polymer film, and the uniformity of the polymer film.
- the weight average molecular weight measured in (1) is preferably 5,000 to 1,000,000, and more preferably 10,000 to 150,000.
- the solvent contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it can dissolve the above polyimide and polyamic acid.
- the solvent in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention preferably has a solvent content of 70 to 99% by mass from the viewpoint of forming a uniform polymer film by coating. This content can be appropriately changed depending on the film thickness of the target liquid crystal alignment film.
- a polymer component is obtained by imidizing a polyamic acid obtained by polymerizing a tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the above formula (1) and a diamine component, and the polyamic acid.
- the polyamic acid obtained by polymerizing the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the above formula (1) and a diamine component may be used.
- Other polymers may be mixed with at least one polymer selected from polyimides obtained by imidizing polyamic acid.
- the content of the other polymer other than the total amount of the polymer is 0.5 to 15% by mass, preferably 1.0 to 10% by mass.
- Other polymers include polyamic acid obtained from a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component and a diamine component that do not contain the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the above formula (1), and polyimide. .
- polymers other than polyamic acid and polyimide, specifically, polyamic acid ester, acrylic polymer, methacrylic polymer, polystyrene or polyamide are also included.
- an organic solvent also called a poor solvent
- a compound may be contained. Furthermore, you may contain the compound etc. which improve the adhesiveness of a liquid crystal aligning film and a board
- poor solvents that improve film thickness uniformity and surface smoothness include isopropyl alcohol, methoxymethylpentanol, methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, butyl cellosolve, methyl cellosolve acetate, ethyl cellosolve acetate, butyl carbitol, ethyl carbitol Thor, ethyl carbitol acetate, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol monoacetate, ethylene glycol monoisopropyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol, propylene glycol monoacetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol-tert-butyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl Ether, diethylene glycol, diethylene glycol monoa Tate, Diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, Dipropylene glycol monoacetate monomethyl ether, Dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, Dipropylene glycol mono
- These poor solvents may be used alone or in combination.
- it is preferably 5 to 80% by mass, more preferably 20 to 60% by mass, based on the total organic solvent contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent.
- Examples of compounds that improve film thickness uniformity and surface smoothness include fluorine-based surfactants, silicone-based surfactants, and nonionic surfactants. More specifically, for example, F-top EF301, EF303, EF352 (manufactured by Tochem Products), MegaFuck F171, F173, R-30 (manufactured by Dainippon Ink), Florard FC430, FC431 (manufactured by Sumitomo 3M), Asahi Guard Examples include AG710, Surflon S-382, SC101, SC102, SC103, SC104, SC105, SC106 (manufactured by Asahi Glass). The use ratio of these surfactants is preferably 0.01 to 2 parts by mass, more preferably 0.01 to 1 part by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymer component contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent. .
- Examples of the compound for improving the adhesion between the liquid crystal alignment film and the substrate include a functional silane-containing compound and an epoxy group-containing compound.
- a functional silane-containing compound and an epoxy group-containing compound For example, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 2-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 2-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, N- (2-aminoethyl) -3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N- (2-aminoethyl) -3-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3- Ureidopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-ureidopropyltriethoxysilane, N-ethoxycarbonyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-ethoxycarbonyl
- the amount is preferably 0.1 to 30 parts by mass, more preferably 1 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymer component contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent. Part. If the amount is less than 0.1 part by mass, the effect of improving the adhesion cannot be expected, and if it exceeds 30 parts by mass, the orientation of the liquid crystal may deteriorate.
- the purpose is to change the electrical properties such as the dielectric constant and conductivity of the liquid crystal aligning film.
- a dielectric or conductive material may be added.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of this invention can be used as a liquid crystal aligning film by apply
- it can be used as a liquid crystal alignment film without alignment treatment.
- the substrate used at this time is not particularly limited as long as it is a highly transparent substrate.
- a plastic substrate such as an acrylic substrate or a polycarbonate substrate can also be used. From the viewpoint of simplifying the process, it is preferable to use a substrate on which an ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) electrode for driving a liquid crystal is formed.
- an opaque substrate such as a silicon wafer can be used if only one substrate is used, and a material that reflects light such as aluminum can be used as an electrode in this case.
- the method for applying the liquid crystal aligning agent is not particularly limited, but industrially, a method performed by screen printing, offset printing, flexographic printing, an inkjet method, or the like is common. Other coating methods include a dipping method, a roll coater method, a slit coater method, a spinner method, and a spray method, and these may be used depending on the purpose. Since the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention suppresses whitening / aggregation, for example, a liquid crystal aligning film excellent in uniformity and transparency can be produced even if the standing time after application to a substrate or the like is increased. Can do.
- the drying step after applying the liquid crystal aligning agent on the substrate is not necessarily required, but if the time from application to baking is not constant for each substrate, or if baking is not performed immediately after application, the drying step Is preferably included.
- the drying is not particularly limited as long as the solvent is removed to such an extent that the shape of the coating film is not deformed by transporting the substrate or the like.
- a method of drying on a hot plate at a temperature of 40 ° C. to 150 ° C., preferably 60 ° C. to 100 ° C., for 0.5 to 30 minutes, preferably 1 to 5 minutes can be mentioned.
- a liquid crystal alignment film (polymer film) can be obtained by baking a coating film formed by applying a liquid crystal aligning agent by the above method.
- the firing temperature can be any temperature of 100 ° C. to 350 ° C., preferably 140 ° C. to 300 ° C., more preferably 150 ° C. to 230 ° C., and still more preferably 160 ° C. to 220 ° C. It is. Firing can be performed at an arbitrary time of 5 minutes to 240 minutes. The time is preferably 10 to 90 minutes, more preferably 20 to 80 minutes.
- a generally known method for example, a hot plate, a thermal circulation oven or an IR (infrared) oven, a belt furnace, or the like can be used.
- the thickness of the liquid crystal alignment film after baking is too thick, it is disadvantageous in terms of power consumption of the liquid crystal display element, and if it is too thin, the reliability of the liquid crystal display element may be lowered. Is 10 to 100 nm.
- the fired liquid crystal alignment film is treated by rubbing or irradiation with polarized ultraviolet rays.
- the liquid crystal alignment film using the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is excellent in UV resistance. Suppressed and has good electrical properties.
- the liquid crystal display element of the present invention is a liquid crystal display element obtained by obtaining a substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film from the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention by the method described above, and then producing a liquid crystal cell by a known method.
- the two substrates disposed so as to face each other, the liquid crystal layer provided between the substrates, and the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention provided between the substrate and the liquid crystal layer.
- a liquid crystal display device comprising a liquid crystal cell having a liquid crystal alignment film.
- a liquid crystal display device of the present invention a twisted nematic (TN) method, a vertical alignment (VA) method, a horizontal alignment (IPS) method, an OCB alignment (OCB: There are various types such as Optically (Compensated Bend).
- a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal cell prepare a pair of substrates on which the above-mentioned liquid crystal alignment film is formed, spray spacers on the liquid crystal alignment film of one substrate, and make the liquid crystal alignment film surface inside.
- Examples include a method in which one substrate is bonded and liquid crystal is injected under reduced pressure, or a method in which liquid crystal is dropped on the liquid crystal alignment film surface on which spacers are dispersed and then the substrate is bonded and sealed.
- liquid crystal display elements of a type in which liquid crystal molecules aligned perpendicular to the substrate are responded by an electric field a PSA (Polymer Stained Alignment) in which a photopolymerizable compound is added to the liquid crystal composition in advance.
- PSA Polymer Stained Alignment
- Type liquid crystal display and SC-PVA type liquid crystal display to be added to a liquid crystal alignment film liquid crystal alignment agent
- liquid crystal is injected between the pair of substrates on which the liquid crystal alignment film is formed.
- the polymerizable compound may be polymerized by irradiating ultraviolet rays while applying a voltage to the liquid crystal alignment film and the liquid crystal.
- the liquid crystal alignment film using the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is excellent in UV resistance, deterioration of electrical characteristics such as voltage holding ratio due to ultraviolet irradiation is suppressed, Has good electrical properties.
- liquid crystal examples include a positive liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy and a negative liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy.
- a positive liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy examples include MLC-2003, MLC-6608, MLC-6609 manufactured by Merck & Co., Inc. Etc. can be used.
- the liquid crystal display element produced using the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention has a liquid crystal alignment film excellent in ultraviolet resistance, the liquid crystal display element used in an environment exposed to ultraviolet rays. Even when used as a liquid crystal alignment film, the deterioration of electrical characteristics such as voltage holding ratio is suppressed, the electrical characteristics are excellent, and the reliability is excellent.
- PPHT N, N′-bis (1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic anhydride-4-yl) carbonyl-1,4-phenylenediamine represented by the following formula PSHT: N, N′-bis ( 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic anhydride-4-yl) carbonyl-3,3′-diaminodiphenylsulfone CBDA: 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride TDA: 3,4-dicarboxy- 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthalene succinic dianhydride
- BAPU 1,3-bis (4-aminophenethyl) urea
- DDM 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane
- DADA N, N-diallyl-2,4-diaminoaniline
- APC16 1,3-diamino-4-hexadecyl Oxybenzene
- APC18 1,3-diamino-4-octadecyloxybenzene
- p-PDA p-phenylenediamine
- the measurement method performed in this example will be described below.
- ⁇ Measurement of molecular weight> The molecular weights of polyamic acid and polyimide were determined by measuring the polyamic acid and polyimide with a GPC (room temperature gel permeation chromatography) apparatus, and calculating the number average molecular weight and weight average molecular weight as polyethylene glycol and polyethylene oxide equivalent values.
- GPC device manufactured by Shodex (GPC-101) Column: manufactured by Shodex (series of KD803 and KD805) Column temperature: 50 ° C Eluent: N, N-dimethylformamide (as additive, lithium bromide-hydrate (LiBr ⁇ H 2 O) 30 mmol / L, phosphoric acid / anhydrous crystal (o-phosphoric acid) 30 mmol / L , Tetrahydrofuran (THF) at 10 ml / L) Flow rate: 1.0 ml / min Standard sample for preparation of calibration curve: TSK standard polyethylene oxide (molecular weight: about 900,000, 150,000, 100,000, 30000) manufactured by Tosoh Corporation, and polyethylene glycol (molecular weight: about 12000, 4000, 1000) manufactured by Polymer Laboratory .
- TSK standard polyethylene oxide molecular weight: about 900,000, 150,000, 100,000, 30000
- polyethylene glycol molecular weight: about 12000, 4000, 1000
- the imidation ratio of polyimide was measured as follows. 20 mg of polyimide powder was placed in an NMR sample tube, and 0.53 ml of deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO-d 6 , 0.05% TMS (tetramethylsilane) mixture) was added and completely dissolved. This solution was measured for proton NMR at 500 MHz with an NMR measuring instrument (JNM-ECA500) manufactured by JEOL Datum.
- DMSO-d 6 deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide
- TMS tetramethylsilane
- the imidation rate is determined based on protons derived from structures that do not change before and after imidation as reference protons, and the peak integrated value of these protons and proton peaks derived from NH groups of amic acid appearing in the vicinity of 9.5 ppm to 10.0 ppm. It calculated
- Imidization rate (%) (1 ⁇ ⁇ x / y) ⁇ 100
- x is the proton peak integrated value derived from the NH group of the amic acid
- y is the peak integrated value of the reference proton
- ⁇ is one NH group proton of the amic acid in the case of polyamic acid (imidation rate is 0%).
- Synthesis Examples 2 to 10 A solution of polyamic acids (PAA-2 to PAA-10) of Synthesis Examples 2 to 10 was obtained using the same method as in Synthesis Example 1 except that the composition shown in Table 2 was used.
- Synthesis Examples 12 to 18 A polyimide (SPI-2 to SPI-8) powder of Synthesis Examples 12 to 18 was obtained in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 11 except that the composition shown in Table 3 was used.
- Example 1 3.25 g of NMP was added to 3.25 g of the polymer (polyamic acid PAA-1) solution obtained in Synthesis Example 1, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. The polyamic acid was completely dissolved at the end of stirring. Furthermore, 1.63 g of BCS was added to this solution and stirred at room temperature for 1 hour to obtain a polymer solution (A1) having a solid content concentration of 4.0 wt%. This polymer solution becomes a liquid crystal aligning agent for forming a liquid crystal alignment film as it is.
- Examples 2-7, Comparative Examples 1-2 The polymer solutions (A2 to A7) of Examples 2 to 7 and the polymer solutions (B1 to B2) of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were used in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the compositions shown in Table 4 were used. Got.
- Example 8 NMP7.53g was added to the polymer (polyimide SPI-1) 0.50g obtained in the said synthesis example 11, and it stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. The polyimide was completely dissolved at the end of stirring. Further, 2.01 g of BCS was added to this solution and stirred at room temperature for 1 hour to obtain a polymer solution (A8) having a solid content concentration of 5.0 wt%. This polymer solution becomes a liquid crystal aligning agent for forming a liquid crystal alignment film as it is.
- Example 9 to 13 Comparative Examples 3 to 4
- a polymer solution of Examples 9 to 13 (A9 to A13) and a polymer solution of Comparative Examples 3 to 4 (B3 to B4) were used in the same manner as in Example 8 except that the compositions shown in Table 5 were used. Got. In any of Examples 9 to 13, as in Example 8, the polyimide was completely dissolved at the end of stirring.
- Example 1 The polymer solution (A1) obtained in Example 1, that is, the liquid crystal aligning agent (A1) was filtered through a 1.0 ⁇ m filter, spin-coated on a glass substrate with a transparent electrode, and then heated on an 80 ° C. hot plate for 80 seconds. After drying, baking was performed at 230 ° C. for 10 minutes to obtain a coating film (polyimide film) having a film thickness of 100 nm.
- This polyimide film is rubbed with a rayon cloth (roll diameter: 120 mm, rotation speed: 1000 rpm, moving speed: 50 mm / sec, pushing amount: 0.3 mm), and then subjected to ultrasonic irradiation for 1 minute in pure water and at 80 ° C.
- liquid crystal aligning film Two substrates with such a liquid crystal alignment film are prepared, a spacer of 6 ⁇ m is installed on the surface of the liquid crystal alignment film of one substrate, and then combined so that the rubbing directions of the two substrates are orthogonal to each other.
- the periphery was sealed and the empty cell having a cell gap of 6 ⁇ m was produced.
- Liquid crystal (MLC-2003 (C080), manufactured by Merck Japan Co., Ltd.) was vacuum-injected into this cell at room temperature, and the inlet was sealed to obtain a liquid crystal cell in which the liquid crystal was twisted by 90 degrees.
- liquid crystal aligning agents (A2 to A13) obtained in Examples 2 to 13 and the liquid crystal aligning agents (B1 to B4) obtained in Comparative Examples 1 to 4 were also used.
- a liquid crystal cell was produced using the same method as the alignment agent (A1).
- VHR Voltage holding ratio
- the liquid crystal cell was irradiated with 1J of 365 nm ultraviolet light, and VHR after the ultraviolet irradiation was similarly evaluated.
- the evaluation results (described as “UV1J” in Table 6) are shown in Table 6.
- liquid crystal aligning agents (polymer solutions) of Examples 1 to 13 containing polyamic acid and polyimide made from tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the formula (1) are 3 in the evaluation of whitening / aggregation characteristics. It was found that no agglomerates were formed even when allowed to stand for more than a period of time, and excellent whitening / aggregation characteristics were provided. In addition, it was also confirmed that the liquid crystal aligning agents of Examples 1 to 13 achieve good alignment (pretilt angle) of the liquid crystal by the alignment treatment.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
- Macromolecular Compounds Obtained By Forming Nitrogen-Containing Linkages In General (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明の液晶配向剤は、上記式(1)で表されるテトラカルボン酸二無水物とジアミン成分とを重合反応させることにより得られるポリアミック酸、及び、このポリアミック酸をイミド化して得られるポリイミドから選択される少なくとも一種の重合体と、溶剤とを含有するものである。なお、液晶配向剤とは液晶配向膜を作製するための溶液であり、液晶配向膜とは液晶を所定の方向に配向させるための膜である。
また、本発明の液晶配向剤が含有する溶剤は、上記ポリイミドや、ポリアミック酸を溶解することができるものであれば、特に限定はされず、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン、N-メチルカプロラクタム、2-ピロリドン、N-エチル-2-ピロリドン、N-ビニルピロリドン、ジメチルスルホキシド、テトラメチル尿素、ピリジン、ジメチルスルホン、ヘキサメチルスルホキシド、γ-ブチロラクトン、1,3-ジメチル-イミダゾリジノン、エチルアミルケトン、メチルノニルケトン、メチルエチルケトン、メチルイソアミルケトン、メチルイソプロピルケトン、シクロヘキサノン、エチレンカーボネート、プロピレンカーボネート、ジグライムおよび4-ヒドロキシ-4-メチル-2-ペンタノンなどの有機溶媒が挙げられる。これらは単独で使用しても、混合して使用してもよい。
本発明の液晶配向剤は、重合体成分が、上記式(1)で表されるテトラカルボン酸二無水物とジアミン成分とを重合反応させることにより得られるポリアミック酸及びこのポリアミック酸をイミド化して得られるポリイミドから選択される少なくとも一種の重合体のみであってもよく、上記式(1)で表されるテトラカルボン酸二無水物とジアミン成分とを重合反応させることにより得られるポリアミック酸及びこのポリアミック酸をイミド化して得られるポリイミドから選択される少なくとも一種の重合体にそれ以外の他の重合体が混合されていてもよい。その際、上記式(1)で表されるテトラカルボン酸二無水物とジアミン成分とを重合反応させることにより得られるポリアミック酸及びこのポリアミック酸をイミド化して得られるポリイミドから選択される少なくとも一種の重合体の総量に対して、それ以外の他の重合体の含有量は0.5~15質量%、好ましくは1.0~10質量%である。それ以外の他の重合体としては、上記式(1)で表されるテトラカルボン酸二無水物を含まないテトラカルボン酸二無水物成分とジアミン成分とから得られるポリアミック酸や、ポリイミドが挙げられる。さらには、ポリアミック酸およびポリイミド以外の重合体、具体的には、ポリアミック酸エステル、アクリルポリマー、メタクリルポリマー、ポリスチレンまたはポリアミドなども挙げられる。
本発明の液晶配向剤は、基板上に塗布、焼成した後、ラビング処理や光照射などで配向処理をして、液晶配向膜として用いることができる。また、垂直配向用途などの場合では配向処理なしでも液晶配向膜として用いることができる。この際に用いる基板としては、透明性の高い基板であれば特に限定されず、ガラス基板の他、アクリル基板やポリカーボネート基板などのプラスチック基板なども用いることができる。プロセスの簡素化の観点からは、液晶駆動のためのITO(Indium Tin Oxide)電極などが形成された基板を用いることが好ましい。また、反射型の液晶表示素子では、片側の基板のみにならばシリコンウェハなどの不透明な基板も使用でき、この場合の電極としてはアルミなどの光を反射する材料も使用できる。
PPHT:下記式で示されるN,N’-ビス(1,2-シクロヘキサンジカルボン酸無水物-4-イル)カルボニル-1,4-フェニレンジアミン
PSHT:下記式で示されるN,N’-ビス(1,2-シクロヘキサンジカルボン酸無水物-4-イル)カルボニル-3,3’-ジアミノジフェニルスルホン
CBDA:1,2,3,4-シクロブタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物
TDA:3,4-ジカルボキシ-1,2,3,4-テトラヒドロ-1-ナフタレンコハク酸二無水物
BAPU:1,3-ビス(4-アミノフェニチル)ウレア
DDM:4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルメタン
DADA:N,N-ジアリル-2,4-ジアミノアニリン
APC16:1,3-ジアミノ-4-ヘキサデシルオキシベンゼン
APC18:1,3-ジアミノ-4-オクタデシルオキシベンゼン
p-PDA:p-フェニレンジアミン
NMP:N-メチル-2-ピロリドン
BCS:2-ブトキシエタノール
<分子量の測定>
ポリアミック酸およびポリイミドの分子量は、該ポリアミック酸やポリイミドをGPC(常温ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー)装置によって測定し、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリエチレンオキシド換算値として数平均分子量と重量平均分子量を算出した。
GPC装置:Shodex社製(GPC-101)
カラム:Shodex社製(KD803、KD805の直列)
カラム温度:50℃
溶離液:N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド(添加剤として、臭化リチウム-水和物(LiBr・H2O)が30ミリモル/L、リン酸・無水結晶(o-リン酸)が30ミリモル/L、テトラヒドロフラン(THF)が10ml/L)
流速:1.0ml/分
検量線作製用標準サンプル:東ソー社製 TSK 標準ポリエチレンオキサイド(分子量約900000、150000、100000、30000)、および、ポリマーラボラトリー社製ポリエチレングリコール(分子量約12000、4000、1000)。
ポリイミドのイミド化率は次のようにして測定した。
ポリイミド粉末20mgをNMRサンプル管に入れ、重水素化ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO-d6、0.05%TMS(テトラメチルシラン)混合品)0.53mlを添加し、完全に溶解させた。この溶液を日本電子データム社製NMR測定器(JNM-ECA500)にて500MHzのプロトンNMRを測定した。イミド化率は、イミド化前後で変化しない構造に由来するプロトンを基準プロトンとして決め、このプロトンのピーク積算値と、9.5ppm~10.0ppm付近に現れるアミック酸のNH基に由来するプロトンピーク積算値とを用い次式によって求めた。
イミド化率(%)=(1-α・x/y)×100
上記式において、xはアミック酸のNH基由来のプロトンピーク積算値、yは基準プロトンのピーク積算値、αはポリアミック酸(イミド化率が0%)の場合におけるアミック酸のNH基プロトン一個に対する基準プロトンの個数割合である。
テトラカルボン酸二無水物成分として、PPHTを1.33g、ジアミン成分として、p-PDAを0.32g用い、NMP14.93g中、室温で18時間反応させ、ポリアミック酸(PAA-1)の固形分濃度10wt%の溶液を得た。
表2に示す組成にした以外は上記合成例1と同様の方法を用いて、合成例2~10のポリアミック酸(PAA-2~PAA-10)の溶液を得た。
合成例1で得られたポリアミック酸(PAA-1)の溶液15.1gに、NMPを12.59g加えて希釈し、固形分濃度6wt%のポリアミック酸溶液を調製した。このポリアミック酸溶液に無水酢酸2.95gとピリジン1.37gを加え、50℃で3時間反応させてイミド化した。得られたポリイミド溶液を室温程度まで冷却後、メタノール150g中に投入し、沈殿した固形物を回収した。さらに、この固形物をメタノールで2回洗浄した後、100℃で減圧乾燥して、ポリイミド(SPI-1)の黄土色粉末を得た。ポリイミド(SPI-1)のイミド化率を測定した結果、79%であった。
表3に示す組成にした以外は上記合成例11と同様の方法を用いて、合成例12~18のポリイミド(SPI-2~SPI-8)の粉末を得た。
上記合成例1にて得られたポリマー(ポリアミック酸PAA-1)の溶液3.25gに、NMP3.25gを加え、室温で3時間攪拌した。攪拌終了時点でポリアミック酸は完全に溶解していた。さらにこの溶液にBCS1.63gを加え、室温で1時間攪拌し、固形分濃度が4.0wt%のポリマー溶液(A1)を得た。このポリマー溶液は、そのまま液晶配向膜を形成するための液晶配向剤となる。
表4に示す組成にした以外は、実施例1と同様の方法を用いて、実施例2~7のポリマー溶液(A2~A7)、及び、比較例1~2のポリマー溶液(B1~B2)を得た。
上記合成例11にて得られたポリマー(ポリイミドSPI-1)0.50gに、NMP7.53gを加え、室温で3時間攪拌した。攪拌終了時点でポリイミドは完全に溶解していた。さらにこの溶液にBCS2.01gを加え、室温で1時間攪拌し、固形分濃度が5.0wt%、のポリマー溶液(A8)を得た。このポリマー溶液は、そのまま液晶配向膜を形成するための液晶配向剤となる。
表5に示す組成にした以外は、実施例8と同様の方法を用いて、実施例9~13のポリマー溶液(A9~A13)、及び、比較例3~4のポリマー溶液(B3~B4)を得た。なお、いずれの実施例9~13においても、実施例8と同様に、攪拌終了時点でポリイミドは完全に溶解していた。
実施例1で得られたポリマー溶液(A1)すなわち液晶配向剤(A1)を1.0μmのフィルターで濾過した後、透明電極付きガラス基板上にスピンコートし、80℃のホットプレート上で80秒間乾燥後、230℃で10分間焼成して膜厚100nmの塗膜(ポリイミド膜)を得た。このポリイミド膜をレーヨン布でラビング(ロール径120mm、回転数1000rpm、移動速度50mm/sec、押し込み量0.3mm)した後、純水中にて1分間超音波照射を行い、80℃で10分間乾燥して、液晶配向膜を形成した。このような液晶配向膜付き基板を2枚用意し、一方の基板の液晶配向膜面に6μmのスペーサを設置した後、2枚の基板のラビング方向が直交するようにして組み合わせ、液晶注入口を残して周囲をシールし、セルギャップが6μmの空セルを作製した。このセルに液晶(MLC-2003(C080)、メルク・ジャパン社製)を常温で真空注入し、注入口を封止して、液晶が90度ツイスト配向した液晶セルを得た。
電圧保持率の評価は、得られた液晶セルに、90℃の温度下で4Vの電圧を60μs間印加し、16.67ms後の電圧を測定し、電圧がどのくらい保持できているか、すなわち、初期値からの変動を電圧保持率として計算した。なお、電圧保持率の測定には、東陽テクニカ社製の電圧保持率測定装置VHR-1を使用した。この評価結果(表6において「初期」と記載する。)を表6に示す。
得られた液晶セルについて、120℃で1時間加熱した後、プレチルト角の測定を行った。プレチルト角はAxo Metrix社の「Axo Scan」にて、ミュラーマトリクス法を用いて測定した。結果を表6に示す。
実施例1~13及び比較例1~4で得られた各液晶配向剤(ポリマー溶液)を、Cr基板上にそれぞれ約0.1ml滴下し、温度23℃、湿度55%の環境に放置した。この液滴の端近傍付近を10分毎に顕微鏡で観察した。尚、観察は100倍の倍率で行った。凝集物が発生した時間が10分以下のものを×、10分超1時間未満を△、1時間以上3時間未満を○、3時間以上を◎として評価した。評価結果を表6に示す。
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2014529518A JP6319581B2 (ja) | 2012-08-10 | 2013-08-06 | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 |
CN201380053008.8A CN104704421B (zh) | 2012-08-10 | 2013-08-06 | 液晶取向剂、液晶取向膜及液晶显示元件 |
KR1020157005531A KR102096126B1 (ko) | 2012-08-10 | 2013-08-06 | 액정 배향제, 액정 배향막 및 액정 표시 소자 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2012178939 | 2012-08-10 | ||
JP2012-178939 | 2012-08-10 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2014024892A1 true WO2014024892A1 (ja) | 2014-02-13 |
Family
ID=50068117
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2013/071282 WO2014024892A1 (ja) | 2012-08-10 | 2013-08-06 | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP6319581B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR102096126B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN104704421B (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI485201B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2014024892A1 (ja) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2015209487A (ja) * | 2014-04-25 | 2015-11-24 | 日本ゼオン株式会社 | ポリイミド、積層フィルム、位相差フィルム、および積層フィルムの製造方法 |
JP2015209488A (ja) * | 2014-04-25 | 2015-11-24 | 日本ゼオン株式会社 | ワニス、積層体、および積層体の製造方法 |
JP2017198975A (ja) * | 2016-04-25 | 2017-11-02 | Jsr株式会社 | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及びその製造方法、液晶素子、重合体並びに化合物 |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH01282520A (ja) * | 1988-05-10 | 1989-11-14 | Hitachi Chem Co Ltd | 液晶配向膜および液晶表示素子 |
WO2006129771A1 (ja) * | 2005-06-01 | 2006-12-07 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | テトラカルボン酸又はそのポリエステルイミド、及びその製造方法 |
JP2008297231A (ja) * | 2007-05-30 | 2008-12-11 | Nippon Kayaku Co Ltd | ヒドロキシアミド基含有脂環式ポリイミド及びその前駆体、並びにそれらを用いたポジ型感光性樹脂組成物、並びにそれらの硬化物 |
JP2012072121A (ja) * | 2010-09-01 | 2012-04-12 | Nippon Fine Chem Co Ltd | アミド基含有脂環式テトラカルボン酸二無水物、並びにこれを用いた樹脂 |
JP2013120289A (ja) * | 2011-12-07 | 2013-06-17 | Jsr Corp | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2002062537A (ja) * | 2000-08-21 | 2002-02-28 | Jsr Corp | Stn型液晶表示素子用液晶配向剤およびstn型液晶表示素子 |
CN100437301C (zh) * | 2004-02-26 | 2008-11-26 | 日产化学工业株式会社 | 光取向用液晶取向剂及使用它的液晶显示元件 |
TWI427121B (zh) * | 2006-09-01 | 2014-02-21 | Jnc Corp | 液晶配向劑、液晶配向膜以及液晶顯示元件 |
CN101178519A (zh) * | 2006-11-08 | 2008-05-14 | Jsr株式会社 | 液晶取向剂和液晶显示元件 |
WO2009093711A1 (ja) * | 2008-01-25 | 2009-07-30 | Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd. | 液晶配向剤、及び液晶表示素子 |
JP5407394B2 (ja) | 2008-03-21 | 2014-02-05 | Jnc株式会社 | 光配向剤、配向膜およびこれを用いた液晶表示素子 |
JP5671797B2 (ja) * | 2009-01-29 | 2015-02-18 | Jnc株式会社 | 配向剤およびこれに用いられる液晶性ポリイミド |
JP5527538B2 (ja) | 2009-10-06 | 2014-06-18 | Jsr株式会社 | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜の製造方法および液晶表示素子 |
KR101826380B1 (ko) * | 2010-07-26 | 2018-02-06 | 닛산 가가쿠 고교 가부시키 가이샤 | 액정 배향 처리제, 액정 배향막 및 액정 표시 소자 |
JP6057070B2 (ja) * | 2012-04-25 | 2017-01-11 | Jnc株式会社 | 液晶配向剤、およびこれを用いた液晶表示素子 |
JP6090570B2 (ja) * | 2012-04-26 | 2017-03-08 | Jnc株式会社 | 光配向用液晶配向膜を形成するための液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜およびこれを用いた液晶表示素子 |
-
2013
- 2013-08-06 KR KR1020157005531A patent/KR102096126B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2013-08-06 CN CN201380053008.8A patent/CN104704421B/zh active Active
- 2013-08-06 WO PCT/JP2013/071282 patent/WO2014024892A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2013-08-06 JP JP2014529518A patent/JP6319581B2/ja active Active
- 2013-08-09 TW TW102128638A patent/TWI485201B/zh active
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH01282520A (ja) * | 1988-05-10 | 1989-11-14 | Hitachi Chem Co Ltd | 液晶配向膜および液晶表示素子 |
WO2006129771A1 (ja) * | 2005-06-01 | 2006-12-07 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | テトラカルボン酸又はそのポリエステルイミド、及びその製造方法 |
JP2008297231A (ja) * | 2007-05-30 | 2008-12-11 | Nippon Kayaku Co Ltd | ヒドロキシアミド基含有脂環式ポリイミド及びその前駆体、並びにそれらを用いたポジ型感光性樹脂組成物、並びにそれらの硬化物 |
JP2012072121A (ja) * | 2010-09-01 | 2012-04-12 | Nippon Fine Chem Co Ltd | アミド基含有脂環式テトラカルボン酸二無水物、並びにこれを用いた樹脂 |
JP2013120289A (ja) * | 2011-12-07 | 2013-06-17 | Jsr Corp | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2015209487A (ja) * | 2014-04-25 | 2015-11-24 | 日本ゼオン株式会社 | ポリイミド、積層フィルム、位相差フィルム、および積層フィルムの製造方法 |
JP2015209488A (ja) * | 2014-04-25 | 2015-11-24 | 日本ゼオン株式会社 | ワニス、積層体、および積層体の製造方法 |
JP2017198975A (ja) * | 2016-04-25 | 2017-11-02 | Jsr株式会社 | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及びその製造方法、液晶素子、重合体並びに化合物 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPWO2014024892A1 (ja) | 2016-07-25 |
CN104704421A (zh) | 2015-06-10 |
KR102096126B1 (ko) | 2020-04-01 |
TW201425471A (zh) | 2014-07-01 |
CN104704421B (zh) | 2018-01-16 |
KR20150043359A (ko) | 2015-04-22 |
JP6319581B2 (ja) | 2018-05-09 |
TWI485201B (zh) | 2015-05-21 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP5257548B2 (ja) | 液晶表示素子および液晶配向剤 | |
KR101826380B1 (ko) | 액정 배향 처리제, 액정 배향막 및 액정 표시 소자 | |
KR101986398B1 (ko) | 액정 배향제, 액정 배향막, 액정 표시 소자 및 액정 표시 소자의 제조 방법 | |
JP6662306B2 (ja) | 液晶配向剤、液晶表示素子及び液晶表示素子の製造方法 | |
JPWO2009093711A1 (ja) | 液晶配向剤、及び液晶表示素子 | |
WO2012133820A1 (ja) | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜、液晶表示素子及び液晶表示素子の製造方法 | |
JP5900337B2 (ja) | 液晶配向処理剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 | |
JP6217937B2 (ja) | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 | |
JP6183616B2 (ja) | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 | |
JP6319581B2 (ja) | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 | |
KR20150094711A (ko) | 액정 배향제, 액정 배향막 및 액정 표시 소자 | |
KR102470287B1 (ko) | 액정 배향 처리제, 액정 배향막 및 액정 표시 소자 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 13828595 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2014529518 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20157005531 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 13828595 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |