WO2014002626A1 - 圧力容器 - Google Patents
圧力容器 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014002626A1 WO2014002626A1 PCT/JP2013/063465 JP2013063465W WO2014002626A1 WO 2014002626 A1 WO2014002626 A1 WO 2014002626A1 JP 2013063465 W JP2013063465 W JP 2013063465W WO 2014002626 A1 WO2014002626 A1 WO 2014002626A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- pressure
- sealing
- sealing member
- seal
- pressure vessel
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 184
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract description 70
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
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- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
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- NMJORVOYSJLJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane clathrate Chemical compound C.C.C.C.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O NMJORVOYSJLJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L17/00—Joints with packing adapted to sealing by fluid pressure
- F16L17/10—Joints with packing adapted to sealing by fluid pressure the packing being sealed by the pressure of a fluid other than the fluid in or surrounding the pipe
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
- B05B11/01—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
- B05B11/06—Gas or vapour producing the flow, e.g. from a compressible bulb or air pump
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B12/00—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area
- B05B12/004—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area comprising sensors for monitoring the delivery, e.g. by displaying the sensed value or generating an alarm
- B05B12/006—Pressure or flow rate sensors
- B05B12/008—Pressure or flow rate sensors integrated in or attached to a discharge apparatus, e.g. a spray gun
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J15/00—Sealings
- F16J15/02—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces
- F16J15/06—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a pressure vessel provided with a sealing member having a simple structure and excellent sealing performance, and in particular, a pressure vessel used in a state where the pressure of the fluid inside the vessel is higher than the pressure of the outside fluid. About.
- a sealing member such as a gasket is attached and sealed by a tightening force of a bolt or the like and a compression reaction force of the sealing member.
- the performance of the sealing member has a great influence on the safety of piping and pressure vessels. Therefore, various studies have been conducted in the past to improve the sealing performance of the connecting portion. In connection with this, several inventions and devices have already been disclosed.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a gasket having excellent corrosion resistance and high temperature resistance under the name of “gasket and joint”, and an invention relating to a joint in which this gasket is used for a knife edge flange having a convex edge on a sealing surface.
- the joint disclosed in Patent Document 1 has an iron component of 99.95% or more between a pair of vacuum flanges having a magnetic force and a convex portion on the flange seal surface.
- a gasket having a sealing surface with a hardness of 50 Hv to 100 Hv is installed. According to such a structure, corrosion resistance and high temperature resistance are improved as compared with the case of using a copper gasket. Further, since the gasket can be fixed on the flange seal surface by a magnetic force, it is difficult for a deviation to occur when the flange is attached to the gasket.
- Patent Document 2 discloses an invention relating to a metal joint used for high vacuum or piping through which a special gas flows and a method for producing the inner gland under the name “metal joint structure and inner gland production method”. ing.
- the metal joint which is the invention disclosed in Patent Document 2 includes a mirror-finished clean stainless steel gasket and a clean stainless steel inner gland disposed opposite to the gasket. Further, the end surface of each inner ground has a higher hardness than the gasket and has a substantially semicircular cross section, and an annular convex portion that can be pressed only from the vertical direction on the front and back surfaces of the gasket by a separate flange member. Is formed.
- the metal joint having such a structure has high sealing performance because the contact surfaces of the gasket and the inner ground are both mirror-finished. Moreover, since the cross section of the annular convex portion is substantially semicircular, the contact state with the gasket is stable. Furthermore, since the annular protrusion has a structure in which a tightening force is applied only to the gasket in the vertical direction, the contact surface with the gasket is hardly damaged.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a device relating to a pipe joint used in an apparatus utilizing ultra-high vacuum under the name “super-airtight pipe joint”.
- the invention disclosed in Patent Document 3 is a pipe joint that clamps a gasket installed between a seal bolt and a seal tube by screwing a cap nut onto the seal bolt, and the gasket has a sealing surface as a mirror surface. It has a structure in which a holder is provided on the surface of the seal bolt facing the seal tube so as to be able to hold a retaining ring locked to the opening of the metal C ring. In the pipe joint having such a structure, it is possible to prevent the gasket from dropping from the seal bolt even when the seal surface is sideways or downward.
- Patent Document 5 shows a vacuum container sealing structure under the name of “sealing structure and sealing method of flange portion in vacuum container”. Since this is a vacuum container, the pressure outside the container is reduced. Since it is higher than the internal pressure, it is natural that sealing can be performed using the external pressure when looking at the blind flange in FIG.
- Patent Document 1 which is the above-described prior art, although there is a merit that the corrosion resistance and the high temperature resistance are further improved while having the same hardness as the case of using the copper gasket, There was a problem that it was not possible to improve the sex more than before. Further, since the gasket is deformed by the tightening force and magnetic force of the bolt, there is a problem that the fluid leaks if the flange is misaligned or temporarily displaced. Furthermore, there is a problem that it is difficult to keep the bolt tightening force uniform.
- the gasket can be easily installed on the seal bolt, the structure of the joint between the seal bolt and the seal tube and the structure for holding the gasket are complicated. There was a problem that it could not be manufactured at low cost.
- the fluid in the tube enters between the seal surface of the seal bolt and the gasket or between the seal surface of the seal tube and the gasket, when the fluid pressure is high, the fluid There is a possibility that the seal tube and the gasket act to be separated from each other and the sealing performance is deteriorated. Therefore, the joint of the present invention has a problem that it cannot be applied to high-pressure fluid piping.
- Patent Document 4 looking at the area in the plane perpendicular to the axis of the container in Figure 2, with the No. 1 large inner area of the outer periphery of the container, large inner surface area S a of the container to the second
- the area of the seal surface is the third largest, and the area of the pressure receiving surface that receives the pressure of the internal fluid is the smallest as the fourth.
- the area of the sealing surface of this container is S b + S j . That is, since the fluid pressure received at the pressure receiving surface is diffused to a seal area wider than the pressure receiving surface, it can be estimated that it is difficult to keep the surface pressure of the sealing surface always higher than the pressure of the internal fluid.
- the flange joint of the pressure vessel has a case where the high pressure side fluid directly enters the seal surface when the surface pressure of the seal surface pressing the opposite seal surfaces is lower than the pressure of the high pressure side fluid.
- the space between the facing surfaces may be enlarged to open the space between the seal surfaces, and the high-pressure fluid may enter the seal surface.
- the fluid expands between the surfaces of the seal surface by a fluid pressure higher than the seal surface pressure, enlarges the cross-sectional area of the flow path, enlarges the intrusion area, and separates the seal surface. Increase the load.
- the area where the fluid pressure on the high pressure side is applied to a surface other than the sealing surface of the facing surface is minimized and the surface pressure of the sealing surface is always kept higher than the pressure of the fluid on the high pressure side, Prevents high-pressure fluid from entering the seal surface. Even if the high-pressure fluid enters the sealing surface due to an unexpected factor, in this case, the intruding fluid can be excluded from the sealing surface.
- a technique is required to keep the surface pressure of the seal surface of the joint of the pressure vessel always higher than the pressure of the fluid by the pressure of the fluid in the vessel under a certain condition.
- a plurality of sealing surfaces are provided on the same sealing member to create a space between the opposing surfaces, and information on the pressure, concentration, components, etc. of the space is guided into or out of the container.
- Technology that centrally controls joint leakage in real time is also a necessary technology.
- the present invention has been made in response to such a conventional situation, and can be manufactured at a low cost, is less likely to fail, and enhances the sealing performance by utilizing the pressure of the internal fluid. It aims at providing the pressure vessel provided with the sealing member which can do.
- the invention according to claim 1 is a pressure vessel used in a state where the internal pressure is higher than the external pressure, and has a pair of flat plate-like seals having a seal surface and a pressure receiving surface on both front and back surfaces.
- the stopper is provided with a connecting portion installed so as to protrude inward, and the sealing member is formed on an end surface of a protruding portion provided so that at least one sealing surface protrudes in a direction opposite to the pressure receiving surface.
- the area of the end face of the portion is made smaller than the area of the pressure receiving surface, and the area of the seal surface is made smaller than the area of the pressure receiving surface.
- the pressure of the fluid applied to the pressure receiving surface acts so as to press the sealing surface against the sealing surface of the counterpart member.
- the pair of sealing members has an effect that the seal surface is pressed against the seal surface of the counterpart member by a pressure larger than the pressure of the fluid applied to the pressure receiving surface.
- the invention described in claim 2 is the pressure vessel according to claim 1, wherein the sealing member is formed so that an annular groove is provided on the inner wall surface in the vicinity of the connecting portion over the entire circumference. It is.
- the pressure of the fluid that has entered the inside of the annular groove is applied to the pressure receiving surface of the sealing member, whereby the sealing surface is pressed against the sealing surface of the counterpart member.
- a third aspect of the present invention is the pressure vessel according to the first or second aspect, wherein the sealing surface is composed of a plurality of portions.
- the space portion is formed between a pair of opposed seal surfaces.
- the annular space formed between the opposing surfaces of the sealing member and one end of the annular space are formed in the annular space.
- An air supply / exhaust hole formed in the connecting portion so as to open and an air supply / exhaust means connected to the other end of the air supply / exhaust hole are provided.
- the gas in the annular space is discharged by the air supply / exhaust means, and the internal pressure is reduced from the pressure of the fluid. Lowering the contact pressure between the seal surfaces is strengthened, and gas is supplied into the annular space by the air supply / exhaust means, and by increasing the internal pressure, the contact force between the seal surfaces is weakened. .
- the pressure vessel in the pressure vessel according to the fourth aspect of the present invention, includes pressure detecting means for detecting the internal pressure of the annular space.
- the pressure vessel having such a structure in addition to the operation of the invention described in claim 4, the presence or absence of fluid leakage from the sealing surface is detected by detecting the internal pressure of the annular space using the pressure detection means. It has the effect of being detected.
- the sealing performance at the connection portion of the pressure vessel can be easily enhanced. Moreover, since the sealing member has a simple structure, it does not easily break down. In addition, it can be manufactured at low cost. Furthermore, there is an effect that sufficient sealing performance can be secured by using the pressure of the fluid to increase the adhesion between the sealing surfaces.
- a pressure vessel having the same effect as that of the invention described in claim 1 can be manufactured at low cost.
- the fifth aspect of the present invention in addition to the effects of the fourth aspect of the invention, it is possible to quickly detect an abnormal situation of fluid leakage and prevent an accident from occurring. .
- FIG. 1 is sectional drawing which shows the state with which Example 1 of the sealing member used for the pressure vessel which concerns on embodiment of this invention was attached to wall members, such as an aircraft
- (b) is the sealing member It is sectional drawing of the pressure vessel in which was used.
- (A) is sectional drawing which shows the state with which Example 1 of the sealing member used for the pressure vessel which concerns on embodiment of this invention was attached to wall members, such as an aircraft,
- (b) is the sealing member It is sectional drawing of the pressure vessel in which was used.
- or (c) is the figure which showed the modification of FIG. 1 (a) or FIG. 2 (a). It is the figure which showed the modification of FIG.1 (b).
- the sealing member of this embodiment is a pressure between a fluid such as a liquid or gas existing inside and a fluid such as a liquid or gas existing outside such as a wall member or pressure vessel of a ship or an aircraft. It is used for a connection part of a structure used in a state where a difference occurs.
- the structure will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5 are cross-sectional views showing a state where the wall member and the sealing member or the wall surface of the pressure vessel and the sealing member are cut at a plane orthogonal to each other.
- FIG. 1 (a) and FIG. 1 (b) corresponds to the case the internal pressure P 1 is higher than the external pressure P 2
- FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b) than the external pressure P 2 is pressure P 1
- FIGS. 3 and 4 are diagrams showing modifications of FIGS. 1 and 2.
- the sealing member 7 has a flat plate shape, and a seal surface 5a and a pressure receiving surface 5d are formed on both surfaces.
- the seal surface 5a is formed on a convex portion 13 (shown enlarged in FIG. 3A) provided so as to protrude in the opposite direction to the pressure receiving surface 5d and is subjected to mirror finishing.
- the sealing member 7 is installed in the connection part 12 of the wall member 11a and the pressure vessel 11b so that it may protrude inside.
- both ends of the wall members 11a and 11a are closed in order to maintain the internal pressure.
- the sealing member 7 since the pressure vessel 11b shown in FIGS. 1B and 2B has a hollow structure, the sealing member 7 has an annular shape.
- the sealing member 7 having the above structure, the pressure of the fluid existing inside the wall member 11a and the pressure vessel 11b is applied to the pressure receiving surface 5d, and the sealing surface 5a of the sealing member 7 is the sealing surface of the other sealing member 7. It has the effect of being pressed against 5a. Therefore, when the sealing members 7 and 7 are used for the connecting portion 12 of the wall member 11a or the pressure vessel 11b, the pressure of the internal fluid is applied so as to be sandwiched between the sealing members 7 and 7 from both sides. 5a, 5a has an effect
- the sealing member 7 is formed so that the sealing surface 5a protrudes in the opposite direction to the pressure receiving surface 5d, the sealing surface 5a of the other sealing member 7 is not flat but formed in a protruding or concave shape. Even if it is made, it has the effect
- a “wall structure finished product” refers to a spacecraft, space suit, rocket, aircraft, ship, submersible, deep sea watercraft, etc., in which the wall member 11a having the above structure is used for the wall of a fuselage or a compartment.
- the boiler, tower tank, heat exchanger, tank, and the like in which the pressure vessel 11b having the above structure is used for the vessel body are referred to as “pressure vessel finished product”.
- a tower tank, a boiler, a heat exchanger, a vacuum device, a hydraulic device, a pump, a valve, an instrumentation device, a tank, etc. are organically connected by piping, electrical wiring, etc.
- a set of factory equipment that produces the product is called a “plant”.
- the sealing member 7 is formed so as to protrude to the outside of the wall member 11a and the pressure vessel 11b It is desirable (see FIG. 2 (a) and FIG. 2 (b)). According to such a structure, the pressure of the fluid existing outside the wall member 11a and the pressure vessel 11b presses the sealing members 7 and 7 so as to sandwich the sealing members 7 and 7 from both sides, thereby strengthening the adhesion between the sealing surfaces 5a and 5a. Therefore, the sealing performance at the connecting portion 12 of the wall member 11a and the pressure vessel 11b can be easily enhanced.
- the sealing member 7 is provided so as to be orthogonal to the wall member 11a.
- a structure is not necessarily required.
- the structure in which the sealing member 7 was provided in parallel with respect to the wall member 11a may be sufficient.
- the sealing member 7 may be provided so as to make an arbitrary angle other than 0 degrees or 90 degrees with respect to the wall member 11a.
- the structure formed in the recessed part 14 provided so that the sealing surface 5a may be dented in the direction of the pressure receiving surface 5d may be sufficient.
- the gasket 10 a is held by the recess 14. Therefore, the gasket 10a can be installed on the seal surface 5a to improve the adhesion of the seal surface 5a.
- the mirror surface process with respect to the sealing surface 5a can also be abbreviate
- the flange 2 is provided so as to protrude in the opposite direction to the sealing member 7 with respect to the wall member 11a, and the flanges 2, 2 in a state of being abutted with each other are the bolt 4a and the nut. It can also be set as the structure fastened using 4b.
- a bolt hole may be provided in the sealing member 7, and the bolts 4a and nuts 4b may be fastened in a state where the sealing members 7 and 7 are butted together.
- the sealing members 7 and 7 are not displaced from each other in a direction parallel to the seal surface 5a. Therefore, the sealing performance on the seal surface 5a is enhanced.
- the sealing member 7 may be formed by providing an annular groove 6 over the entire circumference of the inner wall surface 11 c of the pressure vessel 11 b in FIG. Moreover, in FIG. 4, it is set as the structure which fastens the flanges 2 and 2 using the volt
- the pressure vessel 11b having excellent sealing performance of the connecting portion 12 can be manufactured at a low cost.
- the depth of the annular groove 6 is not limited to the case shown in FIG.
- the annular groove 6 may exceed the plate thickness portion of the inner wall surface 11 c and a part thereof may be formed inside the flange 2. The same applies to FIGS. 7, 8 and 10 to 17 described later.
- the sealing member 7 is formed by processing a mountain-shaped material, a T-shaped material, a square material, etc. of the same material as the wall member 11 a and the pressure vessel 11 b, and a joining method suitable for the material is used. It can be integrated with the wall member 11a and the pressure vessel 11b.
- the pressure vessel 11b shown in FIG. 4 has a structure in which a groove is cut in the inner periphery of a general standardized flange. Therefore, if the product manufactured by the flange design processing procedure is joined and integrated, good.
- the sealing member 7 may be formed integrally with the wall member 11a and the pressure vessel 11b by casting or injection molding.
- the pressure vessel 11b shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 4 is not limited to a cylindrical shape, and may be a rectangular tube shape or the like.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a state in which the sealing member 7 of this embodiment is attached to the connecting portion 12 of the wall member 11a.
- the area of the seal surface 5a is larger than the area of the pressure receiving surface 5d. This corresponds to the case where the sealing member 7 is formed to be narrow.
- FIG. 5 only the pressure acting on the sealing member 7 of one wall member 11 a is illustrated in order to avoid the drawing from becoming complicated.
- a joint structure for a wall member will be described as an example, but the following description is similarly applied to a joint structure for a pressure vessel and a joint structure for piping described later.
- internal pressure P 1 is used in a state higher than the external pressure P 2, a plane perpendicular to the opening and closing direction, S a and respectively the area of the surface pressure P 1 and the external pressure P 2 is applied S Distant, when the tightening force of the bolt 4a and the nut 4b is denoted by W, W + P 2 S> P 1 S a is satisfied.
- the area of the surface on which the external pressure P 2 is applied is S, The S, not included in the area S 4 of the pressure receiving surface 5f which will be described later.
- P 2 S> P 1 S a is satisfied, may be omitted clamping force W of the bolt 4a and the nut 4b.
- FIG. 5 is pressure P 1 is higher than the external pressure P 2, but the sealing member 7 shows a case which is formed so as to protrude inward, the external pressure P 2 is higher than the internal pressure P 1, sealed
- P 1 and P 2 may be replaced in the following formula (1).
- the internal pressure P 1 by the action of the external pressure P 2 the pressure exerted by the seal surface 5a to the seal surface 5a of the sealing member 7 of the other party to Q.
- the surfaces on the same side as the seal surface 5a to which the internal pressure P 1 and the external pressure P 2 are applied are referred to as pressure receiving surfaces 5e and 5f, respectively.
- the pressure Q is expressed as follows using the area S 1 of the seal surface 5a and the areas S 2 to S 4 of the pressure receiving surfaces 5d to 5f.
- the sealing member 7 having such a structure has the effect that the higher pressure Q than the internal pressure P 1 applied to the pressure receiving surface 5d, the seal surface 5a is pressed against the seal surface 5a of the mating member.
- the above-described effect that sufficient sealing performance can be ensured in the connecting portion 12 by enhancing the adhesion of the sealing surface 5a is further exhibited.
- the above-mentioned operation and effect in the joint structure of the wall member 11a and the pressure vessel 11b are also exhibited in the wall structure finished product and the pressure vessel finished product respectively provided with the joint structure of the wall member 11a and the pressure vessel 11b.
- the operation and effect of the above-described sealing member 7 is also exhibited in a plant including the sealing member 7.
- mirror surface processing is exemplified as a method for improving the adhesion of the seal surface 5a.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and surface accuracy can be improved by plating the seal surface 5a.
- the familiarity between the sealing surfaces may be improved by coating a material having a lower surface hardness than the surrounding members. Even with such a method, the above-described operations and inventions can be similarly achieved.
- a method using a reamer bolt or a knock pin can be employed in order to prevent positional displacement between the seal surfaces.
- the sealing member 7 of the present invention requires high surface accuracy for the seal surface 5a. Therefore, the spread of the present invention increases the demand for a technique for processing the sealing surface 5a with high accuracy, and promotes the development of nanotechnology.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the sealing member 7 is used in the pipe joint 1a
- FIG. 7 is a view for explaining the operation thereof.
- 8 and 9 are views showing modifications of the piping joint shown in FIG. 6 to 9 are cross-sectional views showing a state cut along a plane including the central axis of the pipe.
- FIG. 7 corresponds to a partially enlarged view of FIG.
- FIG. 6 only the joint for piping is displayed as a cross section.
- hatching indicating a cross section is also omitted for the joint for piping.
- the pipe joint 1a is made of metal, and one end surface forms a seal surface 5a, and the other end surface forms a connection surface 5b with a wall member such as another pipe.
- the sealing surface 5a is mirror-finished.
- the piping joint 1a is not limited to metal, and may be made of plastic.
- a donut plate-like flange 2 having a plurality of bolt holes in the circumferential direction is erected on the outer peripheral surface 5g. That is, the pipe joints 1a and 1a are connected by fastening the flanges 2 and 2 using the bolt 4a and the nut 4b in a state where the seal surfaces 5a and 5a are abutted with each other.
- annular groove 6 is provided over the entire circumference of the inner peripheral surface 5c so that an annular plate-shaped sealing member 7 is formed. That is, the side surface of the sealing member 7 facing the annular groove 6 constitutes a pressure receiving surface 5d.
- the tightening force of the bolt 4a keeps the seal surfaces 5a and 5a in close contact with each other and maintains the mutual positional relationship. Work as a force.
- the fluid flowing inside the flow path 3 enters the inside of the annular groove 6, so that the pressure (hereinafter referred to as “internal pressure P”) is not only the inner peripheral surface 5 c but also the pressure receiving pressure. It also joins surface 5d. That is, the internal pressure P acts to press the sealing members 7 and 7 so as to be sandwiched from both sides, and to strengthen the adhesion. Thereby, the sealing performance of the sealing surfaces 5a and 5a is enhanced.
- the sealing member 7 since the sealing member 7 is formed so that the inner peripheral surface 7a is flush with the inner peripheral surface 5c of the pipe joint 1a, the sealing member 7 can prevent the fluid flowing in the flow path 3 of the pipe joint 1a. It will not be an obstacle.
- the pressure of the fluid flowing inside the flow path 3 is used to increase the adhesion of the seal surface 5 a, thereby connecting the connection portion 12 such as a pipe.
- a sufficient sealing property can be obtained.
- the sealing member 7 is formed as a part of the piping joint 1a and has a simple structure, it is difficult to break down and can be manufactured at low cost. Furthermore, the labor for selecting a gasket can be omitted. In addition, since it can be applied even if the counterpart member is an existing member, the versatility is high.
- the piping joint 1a having the above structure can be used for piping connecting pumps, compressors, valves, instrumentation equipment, boilers, towers, heat exchangers, tanks, and the like.
- a pipe joint 1b in which the annular groove 6 and the sealing member 7 are not formed can be connected to the pipe joint 1a. Also in such a case, the pressure of the fluid flowing in the flow path 3 is applied to the pressure receiving surface 5d of the sealing member 7 provided in the pipe joint 1a, whereby the adhesion of the seal surfaces 5a and 5a is enhanced. Therefore, sufficient sealing performance can be ensured at the connecting portion 12 between the piping joint 1a and the piping joint 1b.
- the piping joints 1a and 1b shown in FIG. 8 have a structure in which a spiral gasket 10b is installed instead of applying a mirror finish to the seal surface 5a.
- the pipe joint 1a of this embodiment is particularly effective for pipes used in a state where the pressure of the internal fluid is higher than the pressure of the external fluid.
- the piping joint 1 c is provided so that the sealing member 7 stands on the outer peripheral surface 5 g in the vicinity of the connection portion 12 in the piping joint 1 a, and the flange 2 and the annular groove 6 are provided, and a sealing member 7 is fastened by a bolt 4a and a nut 4b.
- the same operation and effect as the pipe joint 1a are effectively exhibited when the pressure of the external fluid is higher than the pressure of the internal fluid. That is, the piping joint 1c can be used for piping for transporting submarine underground resources such as petroleum, natural gas, methane hydrate, etc. to the ground, piping for use in a vacuum state, and the like.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the sealing member 7 is used for the pipe joints 1d and 1e.
- FIG. 10 is sectional drawing which shows the state cut
- the components shown in FIGS. 6 to 9 are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.
- the hatching which shows that it is a cross section is abbreviate
- piping unit what is connected by piping provided with the joint structure for piping demonstrated below and piping will be called piping unit. As shown in FIG.
- the pipe joint 1d is provided with a seal surface 5a on a cylindrical convex portion 8a formed so as to protrude in a direction opposite to the pressure receiving surface 5d in the pipe joint 1a of the second embodiment.
- the pipe joint 1e has a concave portion 9a that can be engaged with the convex portion 8a.
- the convex portion 8a and the concave portion 9a have an effect of restraining the pipe joints 1d and 1e from moving relative to each other in a direction parallel to the seal surface 5a when the pipe joints 1d and 1e are connected.
- action and effect are exhibited similarly also in the piping unit provided with the joint structure for piping mentioned above.
- the convex portion 8a is cylindrical.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and for example, the convex portion 8a may be a rectangular tube.
- the area of the surface on which the external pressure P 2 is applied is S, The S, not included in the area S 4 of the pressure receiving surface 5f mentioned above.
- P 2 S> P 1 S a is satisfied, it is possible to omit a clamping force W of the bolt 4a and the nut 4b.
- FIG. 11 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a state in which the sealing member 7 is used for the pipe joints 1f and 1g
- FIG. 12 is a view for explaining the operation thereof.
- FIG.13 and FIG.14 is a figure which shows the modification of the coupling for piping shown in FIG. 11 to 14 are cross-sectional views showing a state cut along a plane including the central axis of the pipe.
- FIG. 12 corresponds to a partially enlarged view of FIG.
- the components shown in FIGS. 6 to 10 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.
- hatching indicating a cross section is omitted.
- the pipe joint 1f is convex so that the area of the seal surface 5a is narrower than the area of the pressure receiving face 5d instead of the convex part 8a in the pipe joint 1d of the third embodiment.
- the portion 8b is formed.
- the flange joint 1g has a structure in which the annular groove 6 is not provided in the flange joint 1e, and a concave portion 9b in which the convex portion 8b can be loosely fitted is formed instead of the concave portion 9a. .
- the pressure Q applied from the seal surface 5a of the seal surface 5a is pipe joint 1f of pipe joint 1g by the action of the internal pressure P 1 is the right side as the second term is negligible internal pressure P of the formula (1) described above If 1 is sufficiently large as compared with the external pressure P 2, the use of the area S 2 of the surface area S 1 and and the pressure receiving surface 5d of the seal surface 5a of the pipe joint 1f, are expressed as follows.
- annular groove 15 is provided so that the convex part 8c can be loosely fitted in place of the convex part 8c, and an annular ring is formed inside the annular groove 15.
- the gasket 10c is installed. That is, in the pipe joint 1i, the bottom surface of the annular groove 15 forms the seal surface 5a.
- FIG. 15 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a state in which the sealing member 7 is used for the pipe joints 1i and 1j
- FIG. 16 is a view for explaining the operation thereof.
- the hatching which shows a cross section is abbreviate
- the components shown in FIGS. 11 to 14 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.
- the pipe joint 1j used in the pipe joint structure of the present invention includes the sealing member 7 in the pipe joints 1h and 1i shown in FIG.
- the air supply / exhaust means 18 includes an air supply / exhaust pipe 19 having one end connected to the air supply / exhaust hole 17, an open electromagnetic valve 20 a and an exhaust electromagnetic valve 20 b connected to the output side with respect to the other end of the air supply / exhaust pipe 18, and an input
- the air supply solenoid valve 21, the pressure sensor 22, the vacuum pump 23 and the air supply pump 24, and the control unit 25 are connected to each other.
- the output side of the open solenoid valve 20a is opened to the atmosphere, and the vacuum pump 23 and the air supply pump 24 are connected to the output side of the exhaust solenoid valve 20b and the input side of the air supply solenoid valve 21, respectively. .
- the pressure sensor 22 functions as pressure detection means for detecting the internal pressure of the annular space portion 16 through the air supply / exhaust hole 17 and the air supply / exhaust pipe 18, and the detection value by the pressure sensor 22 is sent to the control unit 25. Based on this detected value, the control unit 25 sends an open signal or a close signal to the open solenoid valve 20a, the exhaust solenoid valve 20b, and the supply solenoid valve 21, respectively, and to the vacuum pump 23 and the supply pump 24. Send an operation signal or stop signal.
- the open electromagnetic valve 20a and the air supply electromagnetic valve 21 are closed and the exhaust electromagnetic valve 20b is opened in accordance with the close signal and the open signal from the control unit 25.
- the vacuum pump 23 starts operating in accordance with the operation signal from the control unit 25, the gas in the annular space 16 is forcibly discharged to the outside of the piping joint 1j through the air supply / exhaust hole 17 and the air supply / exhaust pipe 19.
- the vacuum pump 23 is stopped according to the stop signal from the control unit 25, and the exhaust electromagnetic valve 20b is closed according to the close signal.
- the inside of the annular space 16 is depressurized to a predetermined pressure, and the adhesion force of the seal surface 5a is strengthened.
- the open solenoid valve 20a is opened according to the open signal of the control unit 25, the air outside the pipe joint 1j flows into the annular space 16 through the air supply / exhaust hole 17 and the air supply / exhaust pipe 19.
- the pressure in the annular space 16 becomes equal to the atmospheric pressure, and the adhesion force of the seal surface 5a is weakened.
- the open electromagnetic valve 20a is closed and the supply electromagnetic valve 21 is opened, and when the supply pump 24 starts operation according to the operation signal of the control unit 25, Air outside the pipe joint 1j is forcibly fed into the annular space 16 through the air supply / exhaust hole 17 and the air supply / exhaust pipe 19. Thereby, the pressure of the annular space portion 16 becomes higher than the atmospheric pressure, and the adhesion force of the seal surface 5a is further weakened. Moreover, in the joint structure of piping of this invention, the presence or absence of the leakage of the fluid from the sealing surface 5a is detected by detecting the internal pressure of the annular space part 16 using the pressure sensor 22. FIG. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to quickly detect an abnormal situation of fluid leakage and prevent an accident from occurring.
- the pressure Q is the pressure-receiving surface of the inner surface 15a (the sealing member 7 of the annular groove 15 to seal surface 5a of the pipe joint 1j by the action of the internal pressure P 1 receives from the seal surface 5a of the pipe joint 1i S 6 the area of the parallel plane) to 5d, with placing the internal pressure of the annular space 16 and P 3, the area S 2 of the surface area S 1 and and the pressure receiving surface 5d of the seal surface 5a, expressed as: It is.
- seal surfaces 5 a are respectively formed at two locations on the side closer to the flow path 3 and the side farther from the annular groove 15. Thus, if the seal surface 5a there are a plurality, is the sum of the areas of all of the seal surface 5a, the area S 1.
- FIG. 17 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a state in which the sealing member 7 is used for the connection portion 12 of the pressure vessel 1k.
- symbol is attached
- the pressure vessel 1k is obtained by applying the invention of Example 5 to the pressure vessel 11b already described with reference to FIG. Therefore, in such a pressure vessel, the action and effect in the invention of Example 5 are similarly exhibited.
- FIG. 18 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a state in which the sealing member 7 is used for the connection portion 12 of the wall member 11d of a body such as an aircraft or a structure such as a compartment.
- the output side of the open solenoid valve 20a is connected to a flow path provided in the wall member 11d so as to communicate with the outside of the structure.
- symbol is attached
- the wall member 11a is obtained by applying the invention of Example 5 to the wall member 11a already described with reference to FIG.
- the structure shown in FIG. 18 is generally not limited to a cylindrical shape like a pressure vessel or piping, instead of forming the annular space portion 16 between the opposing surfaces of the sealing members 7 and 7 by the annular groove 15.
- a space 27 is formed by the groove 26.
- FIG. 18 shows a state in which the air supply / exhaust means 18 is connected to one of the space portions 27 via the air supply / exhaust hole 17 for the sake of convenience.
- the air supply / exhaust means 18 is connected to the space portion 27 through the air supply / exhaust hole 17.
- the action and effect in the invention of Example 5 are similarly exhibited.
- the annular groove 16 or the space 27 is formed between the opposing surfaces of the sealing members 7 and 7 by the annular groove 15 or 26 and the convex portion 8c.
- the convex portion 8c is not essential and can be omitted.
- the location where the air supply / exhaust hole 17 is formed is not limited to the case shown in the above embodiment, and can be changed as appropriate.
- the air supply / exhaust means 18 is installed inside the structure having the wall member 11d.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the air supply / exhaust means 18 is installed outside the structure. May be.
- the invention described in claim 1 and claim 5 is a spacecraft, artificial satellite, rocket, aircraft, towers, heat exchanger, vacuum equipment, hydraulic equipment, steam equipment, piping, blood flow equipment, drug flow equipment. It can be applied to connecting parts such as pumps, valves, measuring instruments, closed rooms, ships, submarines, deep sea boats, tanks and hoses.
- the present invention can be used in a wide variety of industries. And since it can be used together with a conventional joint or the like, it can be used immediately. Therefore, it can be said that it is cost-effective. It is also excellent in earthquake resistance and safety. Furthermore, it will promote the development of nanotechnology, which is expected as a future industry.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Pressure Vessels And Lids Thereof (AREA)
- Flanged Joints, Insulating Joints, And Other Joints (AREA)
- Gasket Seals (AREA)
- Sealing Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
特許文献1に開示された発明である継ぎ手は、フランジシール面に凸部が設けられるとともに磁力を有する一組の真空用のフランジの間に、鉄の成分が99.95%以上であり、ビッカース硬度が50Hvから100Hvのシール面を有するガスケットが設置された構造となっている。
このような構造によれば、銅ガスケットを用いる場合に比べて、耐食性及び耐高温性が向上する。また、磁力によってガスケットをフランジシール面上に固定することができるため、フランジをガスケットに取り付ける際にずれが発生し難い。
特許文献2に開示された発明であるメタル継手は、鏡面加工されたクリーンステンレス製のガスケットと、このガスケットを挟んで対向配置されるクリーンステンレス製のインナーグランドを備えている。そして、各インナーグランドの端面には、上記ガスケットよりも硬度が高く、かつ、断面が略半円状をなし、別体のフランジ部材によってガスケットの表裏面に垂直方向からのみ押圧可能に環状凸部が形成されている。
このような構造のメタル継手においては、ガスケットとインナーグランドとの接触面がともに鏡面加工されているため、高い密封性能を有する。また、環状凸部の断面が略半円状であるため、ガスケットとの接触状態が安定する。さらに、環状凸部は、ガスケットに対して垂直方向にのみ締め付け力を作用させる構造であるため、ガスケットとの接触面に傷が付き難い。
特許文献3に開示された考案は、シールボルトとシールチューブの間に設置されたガスケットを、シールボルトに袋ナットを螺合させるようにして挟圧する管継手において、ガスケットがシール面を鏡面とするメタルCリングからなり、このメタルCリングの開口部に係止する止め輪を保持可能に、シールチューブと対向するシールボルトの面にホルダが設けられた構造となっている。
このような構造の管継手においては、シール面が横向きや下向きの場合であっても、シールボルトからのガスケットの落下を防ぐことができる。
次に、特許文献4の第2図によると、圧力容器の筒状部材1の内面から突出する突出部9の基部面10が内圧側の高圧である流体の圧力を受ける受圧面となる。そして、平滑面である接触面11がシール面となる。また、突出部9は弾性変形するとある。この提案には容器内の流体の圧力を利用してシールしようとする意図がある。
次に、特許文献5には、「真空容器におけるフランジ部のシール構造及びシール方法」という名称で、真空容器のシール構造が示されているが、真空容器であるので、容器の外側の圧力が内圧よりも高いので図2の盲フランジを見れば外圧を利用してシールできることは当然である。
文章の中にこれらの面積に関する記述がない。またボルトの軸力Wに関する記述もない。
したがって目視による具体的に明確な容器の軸に垂直な面における面積だけからいえることは、この受圧面の面積をSjとおくときに、突出部9が無い時のシール面の面積をSbとおくと、この容器のシール面の面積はSb+Sjとなる。
すなわち受圧面で受けた流体圧力を、受圧面よりも広いシール面積に拡散してしまうのでシール面の面圧を内部流体の圧力よりも常に高く保つことは困難だと推測できる。
すなわち容器内の流体の圧力をPa、シール面の面圧をPsとすると、PaSj=Ps(Sb+Sj)の関係になり、Ps=PaSj/(Sb+Sj)となるので、Sj<Sb+SjであるからPs<Paとなるのでシール面圧を流体圧力よりも高めることは困難だと推測できる。
さらに特許文献5においては、真空容器は必然的にシール面圧が流体圧力よりも高くなるので本提案の範囲から除外する。
背景技術を上述の範囲で見る限り、圧力容器の継手のシール面の面圧を一定の条件のもとでその流体の圧力によりその流体の圧力よりも常に高く保つ技術が確立していない。
圧力容器のフランジ継手は相対向するシール面を押し合うシール面の面圧が高圧側の流体の圧力よりも低い場合に高圧側の流体が直接シール面に侵入する場合と、相対向する面のうち、シール面以外の面に高圧側の流体がかかるとその対面する面間を拡大させてシール面の面間を開きシール面に高圧側の流体が侵入する場合がある。シール面にいったん高圧側の流体が侵入すると流体はシール面圧より高い流体圧によりシール面の面間を拡大して流路の断面積を拡大して、侵入面積を拡大し、シール面の離反荷重を増加させてゆく。
これに対して、相対面する面のシール面以外の面で高圧側の流体圧がかかる面積を極小にして、シール面の面圧を常に高圧側の流体の圧力よりも高く保つ場合には、シール面に高圧側の流体が侵入するのを防げる。仮に不測の要因でシール面に高圧側の流体が侵入したとしても、この場合には侵入した流体をシール面から排除できる。
このような理由から圧力容器の継手のシール面の面圧を一定の条件のもとで容器内の流体の圧力によりその流体の圧力よりも常に高く保つ技術が必要となる。
さらに同一封止部材にシール面を複数設けて相対向する面との間に空間を作り、その空間の圧力、濃度、成分などの情報を容器の内又は外に導き、安全な場所で多数の継手の漏洩をリアルタイムに集中制御する技術もどうしても必要な技術である。
このような構造の圧力容器では、一対の封止部材において、受圧面に加わる流体の圧力がシール面を相手方の部材のシール面に押しつけるように作用する。また、一対の封止部材において、相手方のシール面が突状又は凹状のいずれの形に形成されていても互いのシール面同士が密着し易いという作用を有する。さらに、一対の封止部材において、受圧面に加わる流体の圧力よりも大きな圧力によって、シール面が相手方の部材のシール面に押しつけられるという作用を有する。
このような構造の圧力容器においては、環状溝の内部に入り込んだ流体の圧力が封止部材の受圧面に加わることによって、シール面が相手方の部材のシール面に押しつけられるという作用を有する。
このような構造の圧力容器においては、請求項1又は請求項2に記載の発明の作用に加えて、対向する一対のシール面の間に空間部が形成されるという作用を有する。
このような圧力容器においては、請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の発明の作用に加えて、給排気手段によって環状空間部内の気体を排出し、その内圧を流体の圧力よりも低くすることで、シール面同士の密着力が強まり、また、給排気手段によって環状空間部内に気体を供給し、その内圧を高くすることで、シール面同士の密着力が弱まるという作用を有する。
このような構造の圧力容器においては、請求項4に記載の発明の作用に加えて、圧力検出手段を用いて環状空間部の内圧を検出することにより、シール面からの流体の漏出の有無が検出されるという作用を有する。
なお、図1~図5は壁部材と封止部材あるいは圧力容器の壁面と封止部材に対してそれぞれ直交する平面で切断した状態を示す断面図である。また、図1(a)及び図1(b)は内圧P1が外圧P2よりも高い場合に対応し、図2(a)及び図2(b)は外圧P2が内圧P1よりも高い場合に対応する。さらに、図3及び図4は図1及び図2の変形例を示した図である。
なお、図1(a)及び図2(a)では、図示されていないが、内部の圧力を維持するため、壁部材11a,11aの両端は閉塞されている。また、図1(b)及び図2(b)に示した圧力容器11bは中空構造であるため、封止部材7は環状をなしている。
なお、シール面5aには鏡面加工が施されているため、シール面5a,5aの間に流体が入り込み難い。
また、封止部材7はシール面5aが受圧面5dと反対方向へ突出するように形成されているため、仮に他方の封止部材7のシール面5aが平坦ではなく、突状又は凹状に形成されていたとしても、シール面5a,5aが互いに密着し易いという作用を有する。
なお、本明細書では、上記構造の壁部材11aが機体や隔室の壁に利用された宇宙船、宇宙服、ロケット、航空機、船舶、潜水艇、深海艇等を「壁構造物完成品」といい、上記構造の圧力容器11bが容器本体に利用されたボイラー、塔槽類、熱交換器、タンク等を「圧力容器完成品」というものとする。さらに、本明細書において、例えば、塔槽類、ボイラー、熱交換器、真空機器、油圧機器、ポンプ、バルブ、計装機器、タンク等を配管や電気配線等で有機的に結び付けて、ある目的の生産物を生産する工場設備一式を特に「プラント」というものとする。
このような構造によれば、壁部材11aや圧力容器11bの外部に存在する流体の圧力が、封止部材7,7を両側から挟み込むように押しつけて、シール面5a,5aにおける密着力を強めるように作用するため、壁部材11aや圧力容器11bの接続部12におけるシール性を容易に高めることができる。
さらに、シール面5aが受圧面5dの方向へ凹むように設けられる凹部14に形成された構造であっても良い。このような構造によれば、凹部14でガスケット10aが保持される。従って、シール面5aにガスケット10aを設置して、シール面5aの密着性を高めることができる。なお、シール面5aに対する鏡面加工を省略することもできる。
あるいは、図3(c)に示すように、封止部材7にボルト穴を設け、封止部材7,7を互いに突き合わせた状態でボルト4aとナット4bによって締結しても良い。
このように、ボルト4aとナット4bを用いてフランジ2,2や封止部材7,7をそれぞれ締結することによれば、封止部材7,7がシール面5aに平行な方向へ互いにずれないように拘束されるため、シール面5aにおけるシール性が高まる。
この場合、接続部12に封止部材7を容易に形成することができる。そして、環状溝6の内部に入り込んだ流体の圧力が封止部材7の受圧面5dに加わり、シール面5aにおける密着力を強めるように作用するため、接続部12において十分なシール性が発揮される。すなわち、上記構造によれば、接続部12のシール性に優れる圧力容器11bを安価に製造することが可能である。
なお、環状溝6の深さは図4に示す場合に限定されない。例えば、環状溝6は内壁面11cの板厚部分を超えて、その一部がフランジ2の内部に形成されていても良い。また、後述の図7、図8及び図10~17においても同様である。
また、図1、図2及び図4に示した圧力容器11bは、円筒形状に限らず、角筒形状等であっても良い。
図5は本実施例の封止部材7が壁部材11aの接続部12に取り付けられた状態を示す模式図であり、図1(a)においてシール面5aの面積が受圧面5dの面積よりも狭くなるように封止部材7が形成された場合に相当する。なお、図5では、図が煩雑になるのを避けるため、一方の壁部材11aの封止部材7に作用する圧力のみを図示している。
また、ここでは、壁部材用の継手構造を例にとって説明するが、以下の説明は圧力容器用の継手構造や後述する配管用の継手構造に対しても同様に当てはまるものである。
なお、内圧P1が外圧P2よりも高い状態で使用される圧力容器では、開閉方向に対して直交する面であって、内圧P1と外圧P2が加わる面の面積をそれぞれSa及びSとおき、ボルト4aとナット4bの締付け力をWとおくと、W+P2S>P1Saが成り立つ。ただし、外圧P2が圧力容器を閉める方向へ作用する場合に、外圧P2が加わる面の面積がSであり、このSには、後述する受圧面5fの面積S4は含まれない。そして、P2S>P1Saが成り立つ場合には、ボルト4aとナット4bの締付け力Wを省略しても良い。
また、図5は内圧P1が外圧P2よりも高く、封止部材7が内側に突出するように形成されている場合を示しているが、外圧P2が内圧P1よりも高く、封止部材7が外側に突出するように形成されている場合には、以下の式(1)においてP1とP2を置き換えて考えれば良い。
このとき、圧力Qはシール面5aの面積S1、受圧面5d~5fの面積S2~S4を用いると、次のように表わされる。
このような構造の封止部材7においては、受圧面5dに加わる内圧P1よりも大きな圧力Qによって、シール面5aが相手方の部材のシール面5aに押しつけられるという作用を有する。この場合、シール面5aの密着力を強めることで、接続部12において十分なシール性が確保できるという前述の効果が、より一層発揮される。
なお、上述の壁部材11aや圧力容器11bの継手構造をそれぞれ備えた壁構造物完成品及び圧力容器完成品においても壁部材11aや圧力容器11bの継手構造における上記作用及び効果は同様に発揮される。また、封止部材7を備えたプラントにおいても上述の封止部材7の作用及び効果は同様に発揮される。
さらに、シール面同士の位置ずれを防止するために、リーマーボルトやノックピンを用いる方法を採用することができる。
図6は、封止部材7が配管用継手1aに用いられた状態を示す断面図であり、図7は、その作用を説明するための図である。さらに、図8及び図9は図6に示した配管用継手の変形例を示す図である。
なお、図6~図9は配管の中心軸を含む平面で切断した状態を示す断面図である。また、図7は図6の部分拡大図に相当する。さらに、図6では、配管用継手のみを断面表示としている。そして、図7では、配管用継手についても、断面であることを示すハッチングを省略している。
また、接続部12の近傍において、円周方向に複数のボルト穴を有するドーナツ板状のフランジ2が外周面5gに立設されている。すなわち、配管用継手1a,1aは、シール面5a,5aを互いに突き合わせた状態でボルト4aとナット4bを用いてフランジ2,2を締結することにより接続される構造となっている。
さらに、配管用継手1aのシール面5aの近傍には、円環板状の封止部材7が形成されるように、内周面5cの全周にわたって環状溝6が設けられている。すなわち、環状溝6に面する封止部材7の側面は受圧面5dを構成している。
また、図7に示すように、流路3の内部を流れる流体は、環状溝6の内部にも入り込むため、その圧力(以下、内圧Pいう。)は、内周面5cだけでなく、受圧面5dにも加わる。すなわち、内圧Pは封止部材7,7を両側から挟み込むように押しつけて、その密着力を強めるように作用する。
これにより、シール面5a,5aのシール性が高まる。
さらに、ガスケットの選定の手間を省略できる。加えて、相手方の部材が既存のものであっても適用できるため、汎用性が高い。
なお、上記構造の配管用継手1aは、ポンプ、コンプレッサー、弁類、計装機器、ボイラー、塔槽類、熱交換器、タンク等を繋ぐ配管に利用できる。
なお、図8に示した配管用継手1a,1bでは、シール面5aに鏡面加工を施す代わりに、渦巻きガスケット10bが設置された構造となっている。
具体的に説明すると、図9に示すように、配管用継手1cは、配管用継手1aにおいて、封止部材7が接続部12の近傍において外周面5gに立設するように設けられるとともに、フランジ2及び環状溝6が設けられる代わりに、封止部材7がボルト4aとナット4bによって締結された構造となっている。
このような構造の配管用継手1cにおいては、配管用継手1aと同様の作用及び効果が、内部の流体の圧力よりも外部の流体の圧力の方が高い場合において有効に発揮される。すなわち、配管用継手1cは、石油、天然ガス、メタンハイドレイドなどの海底地下資源等を地上に搬送する配管や内部が真空状態で使用される配管等に利用できる。
図10は、封止部材7が配管用継手1d,1eに用いられた状態を示す断面図である。なお、図10は配管の中心軸を含む平面で切断した状態を示す断面図である。また、図6~図9に示した構成要素については、同一の符号を付してその説明を省略する。さらに、図10では、配管用継手について、断面であることを示すハッチングを省略している。そして、本明細書では、以下に説明する配管用の継手構造を備えた配管で接続されるもの及び配管を配管ユニットというものとする。
図10に示すように、配管用継手1dは、実施例2の配管用継手1aにおいて受圧面5dと反対方向へ突出するように形成される円筒状の凸状部8aにシール面5aが設けられ、配管用継手1eは、この凸状部8aに対して係合可能に凹状部9aが形成されている。このような構造によれば、凸状部8a及び凹状部9aは、配管用継手1d,1eを接続した場合に、シール面5aに平行な方向へ互いに移動しないように拘束するという作用を有する。
なお、上述の配管用の継手構造を備えた配管ユニットにおいても上記作用及び効果は同様に発揮される。
また、本実施例では、凸状部8aを円筒状としているが、これに限らず、例えば、凸状部8aは角筒状であっても良い。
これに対し、上記構造の配管用継手1d,1eにおいては、図10に示したように、凸状部8aに凹状部9aが係合するため、配管に振動等が加わって封止部材7,7がせん断力を受けた場合でも、シール面5aに平行な方向へずれ難い。従って、接続部12におけるシール性の低下を防ぐことができる。
なお、図11~図14は配管の中心軸を含む平面で切断した状態を示す断面図である。また、図12は図11の部分拡大図に相当する。さらに、図6~図10に示した構成要素については、同一の符号を付してその説明を省略する。そして、図11~図14では、断面であることを示すハッチングを省略している。
また、フランジ継手1gは、フランジ継手1eにおいて、環状溝6が設けられず、かつ、凹状部9aに代えて、凸状部8bを遊嵌可能な凹状部9bが形成された構造となっている。
このように、上記構造の配管用継手1fにおいては、受圧面5dに加わる内圧P1よりも大きな圧力がシール面5aから配管用継手1gのシール面5aに加わるという作用を有する。従って、流路3の内部の流体の圧力を利用して、シール面5aの密着力を高めることで、接続部12において十分なシール性が確保できるという実施例1で説明した効果が、より一層発揮される。
このような場合にも本実施例で説明した上述の作用及び効果は同様に発揮される。
また、図14に示すように、配管用継手1f,1gの代わりに、配管用継手1h,1iを用いることもできる。
なお、配管用継手1hは、配管用継手1fにおいて、凸状部8bに代えて、シール面5aの面積が受圧面5dの面積よりも狭くなるように、シール面5aが円環状の凸状部8cに形成された構造となっている。
また、配管用継手1iは、配管用継手1hにおいて、凸状部8cが設けられる代わりに、凸状部8cを遊嵌可能に環状溝15が設けられるとともに、この環状溝15の内部に円環状のガスケット10cが設置された構造となっている。すなわち、配管用継手1iでは、環状溝15の底面がシール面5aを構成している。
また、環状溝15の内部に円環状のガスケット10cを設置しない場合、環状溝15が設けられた面(配管用継手1hに当接する面)がシール面となる。すなわち、環状溝15を挟み、流路3に近い側と遠い側にそれぞれシール面が形成される。そして、このような構造によれば、後述するように、環状溝15によって封止部材7,7の対向面間に環状空間部が形成されることになる。
図15は封止部材7が配管用継手1i,1jに用いられた状態を示す縦断面図であり、図16は、その作用を説明するための図である。なお、図16では配管用継手1i,1jについて、断面を示すハッチングを省略している。また、図11~図14に示した構成要素については、同一の符号を付して、その説明を省略する。
図15に示すように、本発明の配管の継手構造に用いられる配管用継手1jは、図14で示した配管用継手1h,1iにおいて、環状溝15と凸状部8cにより、封止部材7,7の対向面間に環状空間部16が形成され、この環状空間部16の内圧を調節可能に、配管用継手1hに対し給排気孔17が設けられるとともに、この給排気孔17に対して給排気手段18が接続されたことを特徴とする。また、封止部材7はシール面5aの面積が受圧面5dの面積よりも狭くなるように形成されている。
なお、給排気孔17は、凸状部8cの表面に一方の開口端が設けられ、フランジ2の表面に他方の開口端が設けられている。また、配管用継手1iは、図14に示した場合とは異なり、環状溝15の内部にガスケット10cは設置されていない。
なお、開放電磁弁20aの出力側は大気に開放され、排気用電磁弁20bの出力側と給気用電磁弁21の入力側には、真空ポンプ23及び給気ポンプ24がそれぞれ接続されている。すなわち、圧力センサ22は環状空間部16の内圧を給排気孔17と給排気管18を通して検出する圧力検出手段として機能し、圧力センサ22による検出値は制御部25に送られる。この検出値に基づいて、制御部25は開放電磁弁20a、排気用電磁弁20b及び給気用電磁弁21に対してそれぞれ開信号又は閉信号を送り、真空ポンプ23及び給気ポンプ24に対して稼働信号又は停止信号を送る。
一方、制御部25の開信号に従って開放電磁弁20aが開くと、配管用継手1jの外部の空気が給排気孔17及び給排気管19を通して環状空間部16へ流入する。その結果、環状空間部16の圧力が大気圧と等しくなり、シール面5aの密着力が弱まる。そして、制御部25の閉信号及び開信号に従って、それぞれ開放電磁弁20aが閉じるとともに給気用電磁弁21が開き、さらに、制御部25の稼働信号に従って給気用ポンプ24が運転を開始すると、配管用継手1jの外部の空気が給排気孔17及び給排気管19を通して環状空間部16へ強制的に送り込まれる。これにより、環状空間部16の圧力が大気圧よりも高くなり、シール面5aの密着力がさらに弱まる。
また、本発明の配管の継手構造においては、圧力センサ22を用いて環状空間部16の内圧を検出することで、シール面5aからの流体の漏出の有無が検出される。したがって、本発明によれば、流体の漏出という異常事態を速やかに検出し、事故の発生を未然に防ぐことができる。
図16に示すように、内圧P1の作用によって配管用継手1jのシール面5aが配管用継手1iのシール面5aから受ける圧力Qは、環状溝15の内面15a(封止部材7の受圧面5dに平行な面)の面積をS6、環状空間部16の内圧をP3とおくと、シール面5aの面積S1及び及び受圧面5dの面積S2を用いて、次のように表わされる。なお、図16では、環状溝15を挟み、流路3に近い側と遠い側の2箇所に、それぞれシール面5aが形成されている。このように、シール面5aが複数存在する場合、すべてのシール面5aの面積を合計したものが、面積S1となる。
すなわち、配管用継手1i,1jを配管の接続部に用いることによれば、流体の圧力を利用してシール面5a,5aの間の密着力を強めることで、十分なシール性を確保することができる。特に、保守や点検の作業等において配管を分解する必要がある場合、環状空間部16の内圧を高めることで上記密着力が弱まるため、配管の接続部を容易に離反させることができる。
図17に示すように、圧力容器1kは、図4を用いて既に説明した圧力容器11bに対して実施例5の発明を適用したものである。したがって、このような圧力容器においては、実施例5の発明における作用及び効果が同様に発揮される。
このような壁部材の継手構造においては、実施例5の発明における作用及び効果が同様に発揮される。
1b 配管用継手
1c 配管用継手
1d 配管用継手
1e 配管用継手
1f 配管用継手
1g 配管用継手
1h 配管用継手
1i 配管用継手
1j 配管用継手
2 フランジ
3 流路
4a ボルト
4b ナット
5a シール面
5b 接続面
5c 内周面
5d 受圧面
5e 受圧面
5f 受圧面
5g 外周面
6 環状溝
7 封止部材
7a 内周面
8a 凸状部
8b 凸状部
8c 凸状部
9a 凹状部
9b 凹状部
10a ガスケット
10b 渦巻きガスケット
10c ガスケット
11a 壁部材
11b 圧力容器
11c 内壁面
11d 壁部材
12 接続部
13 凸部
14 凹部
15 環状溝
15a 内面
16 環状空間部
17 給排気孔
18 給排気手段
19 給排気管
20a 開放電磁弁
20b 排気用電磁弁
21 給気用電磁弁
22 圧力センサ
23 真空ポンプ
24 給気ポンプ
25 制御部
26 溝
27 空間部
P 内圧
P1 内圧
P2 外圧
P3 内圧
Q 圧力
Claims (5)
- 内圧が外圧よりも高い状態で使用される圧力容器において、
表裏両面にそれぞれシール面(5a)と受圧面(5d)を有しつつ一対の平板状をなす封止部材(7,7)が内側へ突出するように設置された接続部(12)を備え、
前記封止部材(7,7)は、少なくとも一方の前記シール面(5a)が前記受圧面(5d)と反対方向へ突出するように設けられる凸部(13)の端面に形成され、この凸部(13)の端面の面積を前記受圧面(5d)の面積よりも狭くして、前記シール面(5a)の面積が前記受圧面(5d)の面積よりも狭くなるように形成されたことを特徴とする圧力容器。 - 前記封止部材(7)は、前記接続部(12)の近傍において全周にわたって内壁面(11c)に環状溝(6)が設けられるようにして形成されたことを特徴とする請求項1記載の圧力容器。
- 前記シール面(5a)は複数の部分からなり、それらの部分の面積の合計を前記シール面(5a)の面積とすることを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載の圧力容器。
- 前記封止部材(7,7)の対向面間に形成される環状空間部(16)と、
一端がこの環状空間部(16)に開口するように前記接続部(12)に形成される給排気孔(17)と、
この給排気孔(17)の他端に接続される給排気手段(18)と、を備えたことを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の圧力容器。 - 前記環状空間部(16)の内圧を検出する圧力検出手段(22)を備えたことを特徴とする請求項4に記載の圧力容器。
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- 2013-05-14 JP JP2014522474A patent/JP5721247B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-05-14 WO PCT/JP2013/063465 patent/WO2014002626A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2013-05-14 US US14/411,457 patent/US20150165461A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-06-20 WO PCT/JP2013/066990 patent/WO2014002874A1/ja active Application Filing
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107697249A (zh) * | 2017-10-25 | 2018-02-16 | 深圳乐智机器人有限公司 | 一种水下机器人及多功能水下作业装置 |
CN107697249B (zh) * | 2017-10-25 | 2019-04-02 | 深圳乐智机器人有限公司 | 一种水下机器人及多功能水下作业装置 |
JP2020095007A (ja) * | 2018-12-13 | 2020-06-18 | 瑞六 王 | 検出と警告付きフランジ保護構造およびパイプラインジョイント漏洩防止装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20150165461A1 (en) | 2015-06-18 |
JP5198676B1 (ja) | 2013-05-15 |
JP2014122642A (ja) | 2014-07-03 |
JPWO2014002626A1 (ja) | 2016-05-30 |
WO2014002874A1 (ja) | 2014-01-03 |
JP5721247B2 (ja) | 2015-05-20 |
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