WO2013119191A1

WO2013119191A1 - Composition for a fuel and air explosion

Info

Publication number: WO2013119191A1
Application number: PCT/UA2012/000065
Authority: WO
Inventors: Олэксандр Мыколайовыч ЛИТВИНЭНКО
Original assignee: Силверпринт Лимитед
Priority date: 2012-02-10
Filing date: 2012-06-19
Publication date: 2013-08-15

Abstract

A composition for a fuel and air explosion, which comprises a liquid nitrated organic fuel, a metallic fuel and an explosive, and additionally comprises a cross-linking agent.

Description

Composition for volumetric explosion

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of explosives, namely compositions for producing a volume explosion of increased efficiency.

State of the art

Volumetric explosions belong to the class of chemical explosions, in which the main effect is achieved by the explosion of a cloud of atomized fuel. They are characterized by a longer duration of energy release than standard explosives (BB).

As a rule, compositions for volumetric explosions are fuel-saturated and often contain explosives, which are also a source of oxygen.

Distinguish between the so-called single-stroke and two-stroke surround explosions.

With a two-stroke volumetric explosion, at least two different stages can be distinguished. At the first stage, the dispersion of fuel particles in the ambient air occurs; at the second, the dust or droplet-air mixture (aerosol) formed is undermined. Two-stroke ones have pronounced phases of atomization and detonation, while, for example, atomization can occur due to the explosion of a low-explosive explosive, and the explosion of a cloud formed by an additional explosion of a small amount of high-explosive explosive.

Single-cycle ones differ in that the second phase follows the first directly because of the specially selected composition of the explosive composition. At the first stage, the explosion of a conventional explosive atomizes fuel in the surrounding space. This stage of the explosion continues on the order of hundreds of microseconds. In the second stage, combustion of fuel particles begins, which is in close proximity to explosive particles and thus acting as an oxygen source. In this case, the propagation of the blast wave and the expansion of the cloud of detonation products, containing an excess of fuel, continue. The duration of this stage is also several hundred microseconds. At the third stage, the process of interaction of the fuel-saturated cloud formed in the previous stages with oxygen in the air with the formation of a high-temperature zone (VTZ) begins. This stage can last several hundred milliseconds and produces the main temperature and pressure effect.

The fuel most often used is aluminum, magnesium, silicon, boron, or combinations thereof, since they give the best combustion temperature in combination with affordability and reasonable cost. For push-pull explosive compositions, nitroesters can be used as liquid fuels, which, among other things, are themselves weak explosives and thus contribute to faster the beginning of chemical reactions in the cloud, which increases the reliability of cloud initiation and the completeness of fuel combustion in detonation mode.

From patent RU2193019 known explosive composition consisting of metal fuel in an amount of 3-9%, wood flour in an amount of 2.0-2.5%, hydrocarbon liquid fuel in an amount of 1, 5-3.2%, ammonium nitrate up to 100%. However, such a composition cannot be used to produce volumetric explosions.

Explosive compositions consisting of aluminum powder in an amount of 10-35%, graphite in an amount of 1-10%, hexogen (RU2 90585) or octogen (RU2190586) in an amount of 10-35%, ammonium perchlorate (RU2190585) are known from patents RU2190585 and RU2190586. or potassium perchlorate (RU2190586) up to 100%. However, these compositions cannot be used to produce volumetric explosions.

From patent UA23400 an explosive composition is known consisting of silicon fuel in an amount of 3-13%, TNT in an amount of 9-20%, ammonium nitrate up to 100%. However, such a composition cannot be used to produce volumetric explosions.

From the patent UA59236 an explosive composition is known consisting of silicon fuel in an amount of 1-13%, TNT in an amount of 2-18%, mineral oil in an amount of 0.5-4.5%, iron oxides in an amount of 0.4-6.0 %, ammonium nitrate up to 100%. However, such a composition cannot be used to produce volumetric explosions.

From patent UA47253 an emulsion explosive composition is known, which is an emulsion of the type "water in oil" and consists of liquid fuel in an amount of 2-10%, an emulsifier in an amount of 1-5%, a stabilizer in an amount of 1-5%, water in an amount of 6 -20%, ammonium nitrate in an amount of 70-90%, sodium or calcium nitrate in an amount of 1-20%, glass microspheres in an amount of 0.5-5.0%, solid fuel (aluminum) in an amount of 1-10%, catalyst (NaCI) in an amount of 0.1-4.0%. However, such a composition cannot be applied to products of volumetric explosions.

From UA40139 patent an explosive gel-like suspension is known consisting of nitrate or perchlorate in an amount of 25-45%, sodium or calcium in an amount of 12-28%, nitramine in an amount of 17-30%, aluminum or silicon in an amount of 4-10% and aluminum powder / perlite sand / glass microspheres in an amount of 0.1-3.0%. However, such a composition cannot be used to produce volumetric explosions.

From patent UA25461 an explosive composition is known consisting of nitroesters in an amount of 8-15%, silicon fuel in an amount of 5-18%, calcium or zinc stearate in an amount of 0.5-3.0%, nitrocellulose in an amount of 0.2-0, 4%, additives (wax / paraffin / graphite / talc) in an amount of 0.2-3.0%, ammonium nitrate up to 100%.

All of the above compositions are not intended and cannot be used for conducting volume explosions.

From patent UA59088 there is known a method for producing a volumetric explosion, which consists in fine atomization of coal dust with its further ignition in air, to ensure higher explosion efficiency and reduce the cost of fuel particles are forcibly charged with the same charge of the electric field due to their friction against the walls of the shell made from electrolytic material.

From patent US4132169 a bomb is known for producing a volumetric explosion that occurs when blasting atomized ethyl nitrate or propyl nitrate or a mixture thereof.

From the patent US7807000 known thermobaric charge consisting of a metal base coated with aluminum 20-45%, nitramine and a binder.

From the patent US7754036 known extruded explosive composition for single-cycle volumetric explosion, consisting of uncoated metal fuel in an amount of 50-70%, nitramine mixed with fuel and coated with a binder nitramine (nitramine 30-45%, bond. 1-6%). From US Pat. No. 7,727,347, a method for producing a compressible explosive composition for a single-cycle volume explosion according to US 7754036 is known, as well as a method of compressing a composition into a thermobaric charge.

From US6969434 a composition is known for a high-efficiency explosive charge for a single-cycle volume explosion, consisting of a metal composite consisting of metal in an amount of 30-40%, ammonium perchlorate in an amount of 15-35%, a binder in an amount of 10-15% and an explosive substance in the amount of 30-55%.

From US Pat. No. 6,955,732, the charge explosion design for volumetric explosion of US Pat. No. 6,969,434 is known, which is preferably made in a cylindrical / ring filling.

A common disadvantage of the above analog compositions is their lack of power in TNT equivalent, usually not exceeding 2.0.

From UA6020 patent an explosive composition for volumetric explosion is known containing metal fuel in an amount of 10-65%, an explosive substance in an amount of 25-40% and liquid nitrated organic fuel the rest.

This composition was selected as a prototype.

However, the prototype also has a significant drawback, since the composition has an extremely limited shelf life and storage. In fact, after a few months, the composition loses its effectiveness several times.

The essence of the invention

The aim of this invention is to provide a composition for the production of a single-cycle volume explosion of high efficiency, which is characterized by increased stability and is able to maintain its qualities for at least 10 years.

Our studies have shown that a drop in effectiveness is associated with irreversible dispersed “aging” processes, during which the optimal contact area of metal and nitrated organic fuel changes due to the formation of aggregates, and the content of oxide films on metal fuel increases, which also contributes to a decrease in efficiency.

In addition, with prolonged storage of the prototype composition, after 4 months, an irreversible process of separation of the phase components of the composition occurs, which leads to a violation of the center of gravity of the charge and a significant decrease in efficiency.

However, it turned out unexpectedly that these processes can be significantly slowed down by creating a certain structure in the composition, aimed specifically at overcoming this drawback.

Thus, the objective of the invention is achieved by including in the composition, consisting of a liquid nitrated organic fuel, metal fuel and explosive structure-forming additives (structure-forming).

The builder is a substance or several substances that (or which), when introduced into the explosive composition, physically create obstacles to the particles of activated metal fuel for the formation of aggregates and their interaction with oxygen.

Thus, an inorganic substance with a certain particle size, which can create a barrier for particles of metallic fuel, can fill the space between them and thus hold the structure.

Also, a binder of high molecular weight or a combination of a binder and a hardener may serve as a builder. In this case, the structure is created by molecules of high molecular weight substances, and the hardener helps to strengthen it.

Thus, an object of this invention is a composition for volume explosion, which contains liquid nitrated organic fuel, metal fuel and explosive and additionally contains a structure-forming agent at this content of components, May. %:

liquid nitrated

organic fuel 30-45%

metal fuel 25-50%

explosive 15-35%

structure-forming agent 0.3-20%.

Mostly, the inorganic substance is an inorganic substance with a particle size of 5-200 nm.

Also advantageously, the builder is a high molecular weight binder or a combination of a high molecular weight binder and a hardener.

Most preferably, the builder is a combination of an inorganic substance with a particle size of 5-200 nm and a high molecular weight binder, or a combination of a high molecular weight binder and hardener.

Advantageously, the metal fuel is aluminum or magnesium or boron or silicon powder, or any combination thereof.

Advantageously, the metal fuel is activated by partially or completely removing the oxide film from its surface. The removal of the oxide film is carried out by known physical, chemical or physicochemical methods.

Mostly, metallic fuel consists of particles with a size of 0.1-20 microns.

Preferably, the explosive is a substance selected from nitramines, polynitroesters, inorganic nitrates, inorganic chlorates, inorganic perchlorates, as well as any combination thereof.

Preferably, the explosive is a substance selected from RDX, HMX, TEN, ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, ammonium chlorate, potassium chlorate, sodium chlorate, ammonium perchlorate, potassium perchlorate, sodium perchlorate, as well as any combination thereof.

The following are examples of specific implementations of the invention. General method for producing compositions.

To the liquid nitrated organic fuel is added a metal fuel powder and the resulting mixture is dispersed. When dispersing the mixture, partial or complete removal of the oxide film from the surface of the metal fuel is performed. An explosive is added to the resulting mixture and gently mixed on a paddle mixer. Next, a structurant is added to the resulting mixture and mixed again. Thus, the compositions of Examples 1-6 are obtained (indicated in May.%).

Example 1

RDX 30%

2-ethylhexyl l nitrate 37.8%

Aluminum 20%

Magnesium 10%

Ethylene propylene rubber 2%

Vulcanizing agent 0.2%

Example 2

Octogen 29.8%

Ethyl nitrate 45%

Aluminum 25%

Silicon dioxide (50 nm) 0.2% Example 3

Ammonium nitrate 29.5%

Ethyl nitrate 45%

Aluminum 25%

Butadiene rubber 0.5%

Example 4

Ammonium Nitrate 15%

Ethyl nitrate 40%

Aluminum 38%

Butadiene rubber 7%

Example 5

Ammonium Perchlorate 30%

Ethyl nitrate 17.7%

Aluminum 50%

Isoprendivinyl rubber 2%

Vulcanizing agent 0.3% Example 6.

Ammonium Perchlorate 15%

Butyl nitrate 39.7%

Boron 30%

Silicon 8%

Isoprendivinyl rubber 2%

Vulcanizing agent 0.3%

Example 7. Verification of the explosive characteristics of the compositions

The TNT equivalent of the compositions was determined by calculation. For this, the pressure of the shock wave was determined at a given distance from charge of the test composition and charges of TNT of various masses. The TNT equivalent was defined as the ratio of the mass of the charge of TNT, which upon its explosion gives the same pressure of the shock wave at a given distance to the mass of the charge of the composition. The temperature of the high-temperature zone was measured using a non-contact pyrometer. The existence of the VTZ was recorded by high-speed photography. The prototype in composition was equivalent to the composition of example 4, the results are shown in Table. one

Tab. one . The test results of the explosive characteristics of the compositions

Example 8

The stability of all the compositions of Examples 1-6, defined as the warranty shelf life, was 10 years or more. Stability for the composition of the prototype was not more than 4 months. Moreover, for the compositions of examples 1-6, during the first few months, some improvement in explosive characteristics was observed, while for the prototype composition, the same characteristics significantly deteriorated. From the test results it is clear that the use of the proposed technical solution allowed to increase the TNT equivalent from 2.0 to 2.2. The use of a builder in the composition of the explosive composition leads to an increase in its stability with increasing efficiency.

Claims

Claim

1. Composition for volumetric explosion, which contains liquid nitrated organic fuel, metallic fuel and explosive, which is characterized in that it further comprises a structure-forming agent with such a content of components, May. %:

liquid nitrated

organic fuel 30-45%

metal fuel 25-50%

explosive 15-35%

structure-forming agent 0.3-20%.

2. The composition according to p. 1, characterized in that the builder is an inorganic substance with a particle size of 5-200 nm.

3. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the builder is a high molecular weight binder or a combination of a high molecular weight binder and hardener.

4. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the builder is a combination of an inorganic substance with a particle size of 5-200 nm and a high molecular weight binder, or a combination of a high molecular weight binder and hardener.

5. The composition according to any one of paragraphs. 1-4, which is characterized in that the metal fuel is a powder of aluminum or magnesium or boron or silicon, or any combination thereof.

6. The composition according to any one of paragraphs. 1-5, which is characterized in that the metal fuel is activated due to the partial or complete removal of the oxide film from its surface.

7. The composition according to any one of paragraphs. 1-6, which is characterized in that the explosive is a substance selected from nitramines, polynitroesters, inorganic nitrates, inorganic chlorates, inorganic perchlorates, as well as any combination thereof.

8. The composition according to p. 7, characterized in that the explosive is a substance selected from RDX, HMX, PETN, ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, ammonium chlorate, potassium chlorate, sodium chlorate, ammonium perchlorate, potassium perchlorate, sodium perchlorate, as well as any combination thereof.