WO2013115035A1

WO2013115035A1 - Power source device and vehicle and power storage device provided with this power source device

Info

Publication number: WO2013115035A1
Application number: PCT/JP2013/051311
Authority: WO
Inventors: 正幸吉長; 公彦古川
Original assignee: 三洋電機株式会社
Priority date: 2012-01-31
Filing date: 2013-01-23
Publication date: 2013-08-08

Abstract

[Problem] To constantly supply power to a necessary load even in a state in which a main switch is OFF, while over-charging and over-discharging of a battery are prevented. [Solution] A power source device is provided with a battery (1) comprising cells (2) that are charged by a charging mechanism (25) and supply power to a power supply terminal (22) of a load (20) to which power is supplied in a state in which a main switch (21) is ON, and supply power to a constant-conduction terminal (23) to which power is supplied in a state in which the main switch (21) is ON or OFF. In the power source device, a current-limiting circuit (3) that limits discharge current and a control switch (4) that controls the charging/discharging of the battery (1) are connected at the output side of the battery (1), and the battery (1) supplies power to the constant-conduction terminal (23) of the load (20) via the current-limiting circuit (3), and supplies power to the power supply terminal (22) of the load (20) via the control switch (4).

Description

Power supply device, vehicle including this power supply device, and power storage device

The present invention relates to, for example, a power supply device including a battery made of a nonaqueous electrolyte battery such as a lithium ion battery that is mounted on a vehicle or the like and supplies operating power to a load, a vehicle including the power supply device, and a power storage device.

A conventional power supply device that supplies power to a vehicle-side load includes a lead battery having a voltage of 12V. Lead batteries are heavy and have large drawbacks with respect to their chargeable / dischargeable capacity. This drawback can be eliminated by using a battery made of a non-aqueous electrolyte battery such as a lithium ion battery or a lithium polymer battery (see Patent Documents 1 and 2). This is because the non-aqueous electrolyte battery can increase the charge / discharge capacity with respect to the weight and volume as compared with the lead battery.

JP 2001-286004 A JP 2011-178384 A

By the way, the lead battery mounted on the conventional vehicle controls the output voltage of the generator to prevent overcharge and overdischarge of the battery. That is, the output voltage of the generator is controlled so that the voltage of the lead battery falls within a certain range to prevent overcharge and overdischarge of the lead battery. When a lead battery installed in a vehicle is replaced with a non-aqueous electrolyte battery such as a lithium ion battery, the non-aqueous electrolyte battery maintains the output voltage of the generator at a constant voltage in the same way as a lead battery. Thus, overcharge and overdischarge can be prevented. However, if the vehicle is not used for a long period of time, a battery composed of a non-aqueous electrolyte battery may be overdischarged due to a longer period of non-charging. Since nonaqueous electrolyte batteries have less self-discharge than lead batteries, overdischarge due to self-discharge can be reduced. However, since the vehicle consumes a small amount of power even when the ignition switch is turned off and the vehicle is not running, the nonaqueous electrolyte battery may be discharged and overdischarged if the vehicle is not used for a long period of time.

In addition, when the vehicle ignition switch is turned off, that is, when the vehicle is not running, when a battery made of a non-aqueous electrolyte battery is connected to a battery charger or a solar cell, the non-aqueous electrolyte solution is charged. A battery consisting of batteries may be overcharged. This problem can be solved by providing a switch to prevent overcharge and overdischarge on the output side of the battery consisting of a non-aqueous electrolyte battery, and controlling this switch with the voltage and remaining capacity of the battery consisting of the non-aqueous electrolyte battery. . However, if a switch is provided on the output side of a battery composed of a non-aqueous electrolyte battery and this switch is turned off, no power can be supplied to the vehicle-side load on the vehicle side. Even when the ignition switch is in an OFF state, the vehicle includes a vehicle-side load that consumes a small amount of power. For example, a circuit or a clock that detects a signal from a wireless or infrared remote control key to unlock or lock the door needs to be kept in an operating state even when the ignition switch is off. In addition, a vehicle computer mounted on a vehicle consumes a small amount of power in order to perform various processes while the vehicle is stopped. For this reason, a circuit configuration for preventing overcharging and overdischarging by providing a switch on the output side of a battery made of a non-aqueous electrolyte battery cannot supply power to all vehicle-side loads at all when the switch is off. There is a drawback that it cannot be used normally.

The present invention was developed for the purpose of solving the above disadvantages. An important object of the present invention is to normally supply power to a necessary load even when the main switch is turned off while preventing overcharge and overdischarge of a battery made of a nonaqueous electrolyte battery or the like. It is an object of the present invention to provide a power supply device that can be maintained in a state where the power supply is operated, a vehicle including the power supply device, and a power storage device.

Means for Solving the Problems and Effects of the Invention

The power supply device of the present invention supplies power to a power supply terminal of a load to which power is supplied when the main switch is in an on state, and a constant current supply terminal to which power is supplied in an on state and an off state of the main switch, And the battery which consists of a battery charged with a charging mechanism is provided. The power supply device is connected to the output side of the battery with a current limiting circuit that limits the discharge current and cuts off the charging current, and a control switch that controls the charging and discharging of the battery, and the battery passes through the current limiting circuit. Thus, power is supplied to the constant energization terminal of the load, and power is supplied to the power supply terminal of the load via the control switch.

The power supply device described above is characterized by being able to maintain a normal operating state by always supplying power to a necessary load even when the main switch of the load is turned off while preventing overcharge and overdischarge of the battery. There is. This is because the above power supply device connects, via the current limiting circuit, a current limiting circuit that limits the discharging current and cuts off the charging current and a control switch that controls the charging and discharging of the battery to the output side of the battery. This is because power is always supplied to the energization terminal and power is supplied to the power supply terminal of the load via the control switch.

Furthermore, the power supply device includes a second output terminal connected to the output side of the current limiting circuit, and a first output terminal connected to the output side of the control switch. Electric power may be supplied to the constant energization terminal of the load, and electric power may be supplied from the first output terminal to the power supply terminal of the load.
Since the power supply apparatus described above is provided with the second output terminal as a dedicated terminal connected to the constantly energized terminal and supplies power from this terminal to the always energized terminal, power can be stably supplied from the battery to the always energized terminal. There are features.

In addition, the power supply device includes an output terminal formed by connecting the output side of the current limiting circuit and the output side of the control switch, and supplies power from the output terminal to the power supply terminal of the load and the normally energized terminal. Also good.
The power supply device described above is characterized in that it can prevent overcharge and overdischarge of the battery while simplifying the circuit configuration, and can always supply power from the battery to the always-on terminal.

Furthermore, the power supply device includes a control circuit that detects the voltage, remaining capacity, or temperature of the battery and controls the control switch to be turned on / off, and the control circuit is configured so that the voltage, remaining capacity, or temperature of the battery is predetermined. When the battery is within the range, the control switch is turned on to allow charging / discharging of the battery, and when the battery voltage, remaining capacity, or temperature is outside the predetermined range, the control switch is turned off to overcharge and overcharge the battery. Discharge may be prevented.
In the above power supply device, the control circuit detects the voltage, remaining capacity, or temperature of the battery, and the control switch is turned off when the detected voltage, remaining capacity, or temperature is outside the predetermined range. It is possible to charge and discharge safely while securely protecting the battery with the circuit.

Furthermore, in the power supply device, the current limiting circuit may include an overdischarge prevention switch that prevents overdischarge of the battery.
In the above power supply device, the battery is prevented from being overdischarged by the current limiting circuit, so that the battery can be more reliably prevented from being overdischarged while the main switch is turned off.

Furthermore, in the power supply device, the current limiting circuit may be either a constant current circuit that limits current or a series circuit of a resistor and a diode.
A power supply device that uses a current limiting circuit as a constant current circuit can stably supply power to a constant energization terminal of a load, and a power supply device that uses a current limiting circuit as a resistor can have a simple circuit configuration.

Furthermore, the power supply device may include an activation circuit that is supplied with power from the battery via a current limiting circuit, and activate the control circuit with an activation signal from the activation circuit.
Even in the state where the main switch is turned off, the power supply device described above can reliably prevent overdischarge of the battery by starting the control circuit with the start circuit.

Furthermore, in the power supply apparatus, the battery may be a lithium ion battery or a lithium polymer battery.

Furthermore, the power supply device may connect a lead battery in parallel with the battery.
The above power supply device can supply electric power from both batteries to the load while preventing overcharge and overdischarge of both the battery and the lead battery.

Furthermore, the power supply device may connect a lead battery to the output side of the control switch.
The power supply device described above is characterized in that it can prevent overcharging and overdischarging of the battery and can supply power from the lead battery to the energization terminal at all times when the control switch is turned off.

The vehicle of the present invention uses any one of the above-described power supply devices as a power source for supplying power to a load equipped on the vehicle.

The power storage device of the present invention includes any one of the power supply devices described above.

Furthermore, in the power supply device of the present invention, the current limiting circuit can be a circuit that can charge the battery with electric power input from the outside without limiting the charging / discharging current and interrupting the charging current. This power supply device can charge a battery with electric power input from the outside when the control switch is in an OFF state.

It is a block diagram of the power supply device concerning one Embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram of the power supply device concerning other embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram of the power supply device concerning other embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram of the power supply device concerning other embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows an example which mounts the power supply device concerning one Embodiment of this invention in a vehicle. It is a block diagram which shows the example which applies the power supply device concerning one Embodiment of this invention to an electrical storage apparatus. It is a block diagram of the power supply device concerning other embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram of the power supply device concerning other embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram of the power supply device concerning other embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram of the power supply device concerning other embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram of the power supply device concerning other embodiment of this invention.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. However, the embodiment described below exemplifies a power supply device for embodying the technical idea of the present invention, a vehicle including the power supply device, and a power storage device, and the present invention includes the power supply device, the vehicle, and the power storage device. Is not specified as below. Further, in this specification, in order to facilitate understanding of the scope of claims, numbers corresponding to the members shown in the embodiments are indicated in the “Claims” and “Means for Solving the Problems” section. It is added to the members. However, the members shown in the claims are not limited to the members of the embodiments.

Hereinafter, as one embodiment of the present invention, a power supply device mounted on a vehicle and used as a power source for supplying power to a load mounted on the vehicle will be described in detail. However, the power supply device of the present invention is not limited to a power supply device mounted on a vehicle, and can also be used for a stationary power storage device.

The power supply apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 includes a battery 1 including a rechargeable battery 2 as a battery 1 that supplies power to a load 20 (hereinafter referred to as a vehicle-side load) installed in the vehicle 200. . The vehicle-side load 20 includes a power supply terminal 22 that supplies power from the battery 1 only when an ignition switch (hereinafter referred to as an ignition switch) that is a main switch 21 of the vehicle 200 is on, and an ignition switch that is on and off. And a constant current supply terminal 23 for supplying power from the battery 1.

The vehicle 200 shown in the figure also includes a starter motor 29 connected via a starter relay 28 as a load. Since the hybrid car starts the engine with a high-voltage battery for running the vehicle, it does not include a starter motor and starter relay.

Furthermore, the vehicle-side load 20 includes a main relay 24 on the input side of the power supply terminal 22. The main relay 24 is controlled to be turned on / off by an ignition switch that is turned on when the vehicle 200 is running. The power supply terminal 22 is supplied with power from the battery 1 via the main relay 24. The constantly energized terminal 23 is supplied with power from the battery 1 via the fuse 26 without passing through the main relay 24. That is, the always-on terminal 23 is always supplied with power from the battery 1 regardless of whether the main relay 24 is on or off.

The vehicle 200 includes a charging mechanism 25 for charging the battery 1. The vehicle 200 in FIGS. 1 and 2 is connected to the output side of the control switch 4 with the charging mechanism 25 as a generator 25A. The generator 25A is driven by an engine (not shown) and charges the battery 1 with generated power, or charges the battery 1 with regenerative power generation of the vehicle. In regenerative power generation, the generator 25A is driven when the vehicle is decelerated, and the generator 25A is driven by the energy of movement of the vehicle to generate power. 1 and 2, the charging mechanism 25 is a generator 25A, but the charging mechanism is not necessarily a generator. For example, in a hybrid car or an electric vehicle, the voltage of a traveling battery for running the vehicle is reduced. Thus, a DC / DC converter for charging the battery can be obtained. The charging mechanism controls the output voltage to charge the battery so as not to overcharge.

The battery 1 has a non-aqueous electrolyte battery such as a lithium ion battery or a lithium polymer battery connected in series as the rechargeable battery 2. However, a battery such as a nickel metal hydride battery or a nickel cadmium battery can be connected in series for use. The battery 1 composed of a non-aqueous electrolyte battery can adjust the output voltage by the number of batteries 2 connected in series. The battery 1 composed of a lithium ion battery or a lithium polymer battery can have an output voltage of about 12 V by connecting three or four batteries 2 in series. However, the output voltage can be set to 12V to 48V by adjusting the number of batteries connected in series. The battery 1 with an output voltage of 12 V supplies power directly to the vehicle-side load 20. A battery having an output voltage of 24V to 48V is connected to a DC / DC converter (not shown) on the output side, and is stepped down to 12V by the DC / DC converter to supply power to the vehicle side load.

1 and 2 are connected to the output side of the battery 1 with a current limiting circuit 3 that limits the maximum discharging current and cuts off the charging current, and a control switch 4 that controls charging and discharging. The battery 1 supplies power to the constant energization terminal 23 of the vehicle side load 20 via the current limiting circuit 3 and supplies power to the power supply terminal 22 of the vehicle side load 20 via the control switch 4.

1 and 2 have a main relay 24 connected to a power supply terminal 22. The main relay 24 is turned on when the ignition switch is on, and is turned off when the ignition switch is off. In this power supply device, the output side of the control switch 4 is connected to the power supply terminal 22 via the main relay 24. This power supply device supplies power from the battery 1 to the power supply terminal 22 of the vehicle-side load 20 via the control switch 4 and the main relay 24.

The always-on terminal 23 of the vehicle-side load 20 is connected to the output side of the current limiting circuit 3 without going through the main relay 24. Therefore, the battery 1 always supplies power to the energization terminal 23 via the current limiting circuit 3.

The power supply device shown in FIG. 1 includes a first output terminal 11 and a second output terminal 12. The first output terminal 11 is connected to the output side of the control switch 4, and the second output terminal 12 is connected to the output side of the current limiting circuit 3. The first output terminal 11 supplies power to the power supply terminal 22 of the vehicle-side load 20, and the second output terminal 12 supplies power to the always-on terminal 23 of the vehicle-side load 20. This power supply device is provided with a first output terminal 11 that outputs the power of the battery 1 from the control switch 4 and a second output terminal 12 that outputs the power of the battery 1 via the current limiting circuit 3 separately. The power is supplied from the first output terminal 11 to the power supply terminal 22 and from the second output terminal 12 to the constant energization terminal 23.

In the power supply device of FIG. 2, the output side of the current limiting circuit 3 and the output side of the control switch 4 are connected to form one output terminal 10. The power supply device supplies power from the output terminal 10 to both the power supply terminal 22 and the constant energization terminal 23 of the vehicle-side load 20. The power supply terminal 22 supplies power of the battery 1 via the main relay 24. The constant energization terminal 23 supplies power from the battery 1 in both the on state and the off state of the control switch 4. When the control switch 4 is in the on state, power is always supplied to the energization terminal 23 from both the control switch 4 and the current limiting circuit 3, and when the control switch 4 is in the off state, the constant energization terminal 23 is passed through the current limiting circuit 3. Electric power is supplied from the battery 1.

The current limiting circuit 3 limits the maximum discharge current to, for example, 100 mA, preferably 50 mA or less. The current limiting circuit 3 is a constant current circuit 3A that limits the output current to a certain current or less. However, the current limiting circuit can limit the maximum discharge current as a resistor by the electric resistance of the resistor. The current limiting circuit 3 shown in FIG. 2 is a resistor 3B. The current limiting circuit 3 of the resistor 3B limits the current of the vehicle-side load 20 by increasing the voltage drop as the discharge current increases. Since the current limiting circuit 3 cuts off the charging current of the battery 1, a diode 7 is connected in series. A constant current circuit capable of interrupting the charging current does not necessarily require a diode connected in series. The resistor 3B connects the diode 7 in series to cut off the charging current of the battery 1.

The control switch 4 is a relay. In the off state, the control switch 4 prohibits the charging of the battery 1 and the discharge to the power supply terminal 22. In the on state, the control switch 4 charges the battery 1 by the charging mechanism 25 and Allow discharge. The control switch 4 can also use a semiconductor switching element instead of the relay. 1 and 2 controls the control switch 4 to be turned on and off by the control circuit 5.

The control circuit 5 detects the voltage or remaining capacity of the battery 2 constituting the battery 1 or both the voltage and remaining capacity and controls the control switch 4 to be turned on / off. The control switch 4 may be turned on / off by detecting the temperature. When the battery 2 is charged and the voltage rises to the maximum voltage, or the remaining capacity increases and the battery is overcharged, the control circuit 5 switches the control switch 4 to OFF and supplies the charging current. Cut off. Further, the control circuit 5 switches the control switch 4 to OFF when the voltage of the discharged battery 2 is lowered to the set voltage, or when the remaining capacity is lowered to the set remaining capacity and is overdischarged. To prevent. The control circuit 5 switches on the control switch 4 with a voltage and a remaining capacity at which the battery 2 is not overcharged and is not overdischarged, and supplies power to the vehicle side.

Further, the control circuit 5 prevents the battery 2 discharged through the current limiting circuit 3 from entering an overdischarged state in which the battery 2 is discharged deeper in the state where the control switch 4 is turned off. When the voltage of the current limit circuit 3 falls below the minimum voltage or the remaining capacity of the battery 2 falls below the minimum capacity, the current of the current limiting circuit 3 can be cut off. The current limiting circuit 3 shown in FIG. 1 includes an overdischarge prevention switch 13 that cuts off a current discharged from the battery 2. When the voltage of the battery 2 falls below the minimum voltage or the remaining capacity of the battery 2 falls below the minimum capacity, the control circuit 5 switches the overdischarge prevention switch 13 to turn off the battery 2 further. The battery 2 is protected by preventing deep discharge (for example, complete discharge). This control circuit sets the minimum voltage and the minimum remaining capacity for switching off the overdischarge prevention switch 13 to values equal to or smaller than the set voltage and the set remaining capacity for switching off the control switch 4. ing.

The control circuit 5 includes a voltage detection circuit (not shown) for detecting the voltage of each battery 2 and a remaining capacity detection circuit (not shown), and is a voltage detected by the voltage detection circuit. The memory stores the threshold value of the voltage for storing the control switch 4 and the overdischarge prevention switch 13 on and off and the threshold value of the remaining capacity for controlling the control switch 4 and the overdischarge prevention switch 13 on and off with the remaining capacity detected by the remaining capacity detection circuit. 15 is stored. The control circuit 5 compares the detected voltage or remaining capacity of the battery 2 with a threshold value stored in the memory 15 and controls the control switch 4 and the overdischarge prevention switch 13 to be turned on / off. In other words, the control circuit 5 allows the battery 1 to be charged / discharged by turning on the control switch 4 in a state where the detected voltage and remaining capacity are within a predetermined range, and the detected voltage and remaining capacity are predetermined. When out of range, the control switch 4 is turned off to prevent overcharging and overdischarging of the battery 1. The remaining capacity detection circuit calculates the remaining capacity by integrating the charging / discharging current of the battery 1 including the battery 2 and detects the remaining capacity by correcting with the voltage for detecting the calculated remaining capacity. The remaining capacity detection circuit that detects the remaining capacity from the charging / discharging current adds the integrated value of the charging current and subtracts the integrated value of the discharging current to calculate the remaining capacity.

Further, the control circuit 5 includes a temperature sensor 16 for detecting the temperature of the battery 2 and controls the control switch 4 to be turned on / off by comparing the detected temperature detected by the temperature sensor 16 with a temperature range stored in advance. You can also The control circuit 5 compares the temperatures detected by the temperature sensor 16 and stores a temperature range in which the control switch 4 is turned on in the memory 15. The temperature range stored in the memory 15 is, for example, −30 ° C. to 70 ° C. The control circuit 5 turns on the control switch 4 when the temperature of the battery 2 is −30 ° C. to 70 ° C., and is lower or higher than this temperature range, that is, when the battery temperature is outside the predetermined range. The control switch 4 is turned off, and the power supply to the vehicle side is stopped when the battery 2 is extremely low in temperature.

Further, the control circuit 5 switches the control switch 4 to OFF in a state where the charging current of the battery 2 is larger than a preset current threshold, thereby preventing the battery 2 from being charged with an excessive current. You can also. The control circuit 5 includes a current detection circuit (not shown) that detects the current of the battery 2, and stores a current threshold value for switching the control switch 4 off in the memory 15. The control circuit 5 switches the control switch 4 off in a state where the charging current is larger than the current threshold value, as compared with the current threshold value storing the charging current of the battery 2 detected by the current detection circuit.

1 and FIG. 2 includes a starting circuit 6 that starts the control circuit 5. The starting circuit 6 always supplies power from the battery 1 via the current limiting circuit 3. The startup circuit 6 is always in an operating state even when the ignition switch is off, and outputs a startup signal to the control circuit 5 at a predetermined cycle. The control circuit 5 is activated by the activation signal input from the activation circuit 6, detects the battery state such as the voltage, remaining capacity, and temperature of the battery 2 and controls the control switch 4. The activation circuit 6 outputs an activation signal to the control circuit 5 at a constant cycle, for example, at a cycle of 0.1 to 100 seconds. The control circuit 5 is activated by the activation signal, detects the battery state of the battery 2, switches the control switch 4 on or off in the battery state, and then enters a dormant state. The inactive control circuit 5 is activated each time an activation signal is input, detects a battery condition, and controls the control switch 4 to be turned on / off.

In the ON state of the main switch 21, it is possible to control the control switch 4 to be turned on and off by shortening the time interval for detecting the battery state as an always operating state without pausing the control circuit 5. The ON state of the main switch 21 can be determined by the starter circuit 6 detecting the battery voltage. When the main switch 21 is in the on state, the battery 1 is charged by the charging mechanism 25 and the battery voltage becomes high. Therefore, the activation circuit 6 can detect the battery voltage and detect the on state of the main switch 21. However, the start-up circuit can also detect the ignition switch signal to detect the ON state of the main switch. The activation circuit inputs an ON signal indicating the ON state of the main switch to the control circuit. The control circuit is an ON signal input from the start-up circuit and is maintained in an operating state without a pause, and the battery state is more precisely measured, for example, with a sampling period of 1 msec to 100 msec, the battery voltage, remaining capacity, temperature The current is detected to control the control switch 4 on and off.

Furthermore, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the power supply device can also connect a lead battery 9 in parallel to a battery 1 made of a non-aqueous electrolyte battery. The power supply device of FIG. 3 has a lead battery 9 connected in parallel with a battery 1 made of a non-aqueous electrolyte battery. In the power supply device of FIG. 4, a lead battery 9 is connected to the output side of the control switch 4, and the battery 1 made of a nonaqueous electrolyte battery and the lead battery 9 are connected in parallel via the control switch 4. The above power supply device supplies electric power to the vehicle-side load 20 from both the battery 1 and the lead battery 9 made of a non-aqueous electrolyte battery.

3 connects the battery 1 made of a non-aqueous electrolyte battery and the lead battery 9 in parallel, so that the battery 1 and the lead battery 9 made of a non-aqueous electrolyte battery are in the OFF state of the control switch 4. Power supply to the power supply terminal 22 is stopped, and power is supplied to the energization terminal 23 from both the battery 1 and the lead battery 9 made of a non-aqueous electrolyte battery. In the charged state, when the control switch 4 is in the on state, the battery 1 and the lead battery 9 are both charged, and in the off state of the control switch 4, the power switch is in the nonaqueous electrolytic state. Charging of both the battery 1 made of a liquid battery and the lead battery 9 is stopped.

Furthermore, since the power supply device of FIG. 4 connects the lead battery 9 in parallel to the battery 1 made of a non-aqueous electrolyte battery via the control switch 4, the non-aqueous electrolyte battery is in the on state of the control switch 4. Electric power is supplied from both the battery 1 and the lead battery 9 to the power supply terminal 22 and the constant energization terminal 23 of the vehicle-side load 20. Further, when the control switch 4 is in the OFF state, the battery 1 made of a non-aqueous electrolyte battery always supplies power only to the energization terminal 23. Further, when the control switch 4 is in the on state, the power supply device is charged with both the battery 1 and the lead battery 9 made of a non-aqueous electrolyte battery, and in the off state of the control switch 4 with the non-aqueous electrolysis. The battery 1 made of a liquid battery is not charged and only the lead battery 9 is charged.

1 and 2 supplies the electric power from the battery 1 to the vehicle-side load 20 by performing the following operations.

[Ignition switch is off]
In this state, the activation circuit 6 inputs an activation signal to the control circuit 5 at a predetermined cycle. The control circuit 5 is activated by the activation signal that is input, and changes from the sleep state to the operating state. The activated control circuit 5 detects the state of the battery 1 composed of a non-aqueous electrolyte battery at a predetermined cycle, and the battery state permits charging / discharging of the non-aqueous electrolyte battery, that is, overcharge or overdischarge. If not, the control switch 4 is kept on.

When the battery voltage, remaining capacity, temperature, etc. are detected and the battery 1 is overcharged or overdischarged, or the battery temperature exceeds the set range and the battery 1 is not allowed to be charged / discharged, The control circuit 5 detects this and switches the control switch 4 off. In the power supply device shown in FIG. 1, when the control switch 4 is turned off, power is not supplied to the power supply terminal 22 of the vehicle-side load 20, but the power is always supplied to the energization terminal 23. The In the power supply device shown in FIG. 2, even when the control switch 4 is turned off, power is supplied to the power supply terminal 22 and the constant energization terminal 23 of the vehicle-side load 20, but the ignition switch is turned off. As a result, the main relay 24 is held off.
The above state is, for example, when the ignition switch is off and the external charger 40 is connected and the external charger 40 charges the battery 1 made of a nonaqueous electrolyte battery as shown by the chain line in the figure. May occur. That is, when the battery 1 made of a non-aqueous electrolyte battery is fully charged and further charged, the control switch 4 is switched off and charging is stopped. Therefore, even when the ignition switch is in the OFF state, overcharging of the battery 1 composed of the non-aqueous electrolyte battery is prevented. Even when the control switch 4 is in the OFF state, power is supplied from the battery 1 made of a non-aqueous electrolyte battery to the always-on terminal 23, so that the door lock can be released, for example.

As shown in FIG. 4, in a power supply device in which a lead battery 9 is connected in parallel with a battery 1 made of a non-aqueous electrolyte battery via a control switch 4, an external charger 40 is connected and charged. In this state, when the control switch 4 is turned off, the charging current to the battery 1 composed of a non-aqueous electrolyte battery is cut off. For this reason, the external charger 40 stops charging of the battery 1 made of a non-aqueous electrolyte battery and charges only the lead battery 9 while preventing overcharging of the battery 1 made of a non-aqueous electrolyte battery. Further, this power supply device supplies power to the power supply terminal 22 and the constant energization terminal 23 from both the battery 1 and the lead battery 9 made of a non-aqueous electrolyte battery.

[Ignition switch is on]
In this state, the control circuit 5 detects the state of the battery 1 made of a non-aqueous electrolyte battery at a predetermined cycle. If the battery state is a state in which charging / discharging of the battery 1 made of a non-aqueous electrolyte battery is allowed, the control circuit 5 detects this and turns on the control switch 4. When the battery state such as the battery voltage, the remaining capacity, and the temperature is not allowed to be charged / discharged, the control circuit 5 detects this and switches the control switch 4 to OFF.

In the power supply device of FIG. 1, when the control switch 4 is turned off, the battery 1 is not connected, so that the driver displays “battery abnormality” and stops traveling of the vehicle or stops traveling of the vehicle. Instead, the charging mechanism 25 such as the generator 25 </ b> A outputs a rated DC voltage of 12 V and supplies power to the power supply terminal 22 and the constant energization terminal 23.

Further, when the control switch 4 is turned off, the power supply device of FIG. 2 cannot supply power to the power supply terminal 22 from the battery 1 made of a non-aqueous electrolyte battery, and displays “battery abnormality” to the driver. In this state, the battery 1 is always connected to the energization terminal 23 and the power supply terminal 22 via the current limit circuit 3, but the current limit circuit 3 limits the output current. A normal current cannot always be supplied. For this reason, the driver outputs the DC rated voltage 12V by the charging mechanism 25 such as the generator 25A without stopping the traveling of the vehicle or stopping the traveling of the vehicle, so that the power supply terminal 22 is always energized. Power is supplied to the terminal 23.

Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 4, in the power supply device in which the lead battery 9 is connected in parallel with the battery 1 made of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery via the control switch 4, when the control switch 4 is turned off, Since power cannot be supplied from the battery 1 made of a non-aqueous electrolyte battery to the power supply terminal 22, “battery abnormality” is displayed to the driver. In this state, the battery 1 is always connected to the energization terminal 23 and the power supply terminal 22 via the current limit circuit 3, but the current limit circuit 3 limits the output current. A normal current cannot always be supplied. However, in this state, the lead battery 9 can supply power to the power supply terminal 22 and the constant power supply terminal 23. Since the lead battery 9 is connected to the charging mechanism 25 such as the charger 25A, the lead battery 9 is charged by the charger 25A, and the power supply terminal 22 and the always-on terminal 23 are not stopped without stopping the running of the vehicle. The vehicle can be run while supplying electric power.

The above power supply device is mounted on the vehicle 200 and is generally used as a power source for supplying power to an electrical load installed in the vehicle having a rated voltage of 12 V, and therefore travels only with the engine. It is mounted as a power source for electrical equipment in automobiles, hybrid cars that run on both the engine and motor, and electric cars that run only on the motor. Although not shown in the figure, a vehicle that runs only with an engine charges a battery using a generator as a charging mechanism. As shown in FIG. 5, the power supply apparatus 100 mounted on a hybrid car or an electric vehicle can be configured such that the charging mechanism 25 is a generator 25A or a DC / DC converter 25B used in place of the generator. The DC / DC converter 25 </ b> B charges the battery 1 by reducing the voltage of the high-voltage traveling battery 30 that travels the vehicle to a voltage that charges the battery 1.

Furthermore, the power supply device can be used not only as a power supply mounted on a vehicle but also as a power supply used for a stationary power storage device. For example, as a power source for homes and factories, a power supply system that is charged with sunlight or late-night power and discharged when necessary, or a power source for street lights that is charged with sunlight during the day and discharged at night, or a power failure It can also be used as a backup power source for traffic lights that are sometimes driven. Even in such a power supply device, as a load connected to the power supply device, there is a device that includes a circuit that controls power supply to the load in a state where the main switch is off, and this circuit requires standby power. For example, in an uninterruptible power supply that is driven in the event of a power failure, when the commercial power supply fails, the main switch on the load side is turned on and power is supplied from the power supply to the load. It is necessary to always supply power to the circuit that detects whether the commercial power supply is in a power failure state. In addition, in a lighting device or the like that charges a battery by solar power generation in the daytime and discharges the battery at night to light a lighting fixture, a circuit that controls the power supply from the battery to the light source that is a load has a timer or light. Electric power for driving sensors or the like may be required at all times. Even in a power supply device used in such a device, it is possible to always supply power to a necessary load and keep it in a normal operating state in a state where the main switch of the load is turned off.

Such an example is shown in FIG. The power supply device shown in this figure charges the battery 1 by adjusting the power supplied from a charging power supply 51 which is a charging mechanism 25 such as a midnight power of a commercial power supply or a solar battery to a predetermined voltage by a DC / DC converter 56. Then, electric power is supplied from the battery 1 to a DC / AC inverter 50 (hereinafter referred to as a DC / AC inverter) that is the load 20. For this reason, the power supply device has a charge mode and a discharge mode. The DC / AC inverter 50 and the charging power source 51 are connected to a power supply device via a discharging switch 52 and a charging switch 53, respectively. ON / OFF of the discharge switch 52 and the charge switch 53 is switched by the control circuit 5 of the power supply device. In the charging mode, the control circuit 5 switches the charging switch 53 to ON and the discharging switch 52 to OFF to permit charging from the charging power supply 51 serving as the charging mechanism 25 to the power supply device. Further, when the charging is completed and the battery is fully charged, or in response to a request from the load side in a state where a capacity of a predetermined value or more is charged, the control circuit 5 turns the charging switch 53 OFF and the discharging switch 52 ON. The discharge mode is switched to permit the discharge from the power supply device to the DC / AC inverter 50. If necessary, the charging switch 53 can be turned on and the discharging switch 52 can be turned on to supply power to the DC / AC inverter 50 and charge the power supply device at the same time.

The load 20 shown in the figure is connected to the power supply device with the discharge switch 52 as the main switch 21. That is, in the discharge mode of the power supply device, the control circuit 5 switches on the discharge switch 52 that is the main switch 21 to connect to the DC / AC inverter 50 of the load 20, and the power supply device is connected via the DC / AC inverter 50. Is supplied to the electric device 54. The apparatus shown in the figure includes a DC / AC inverter 50 and a control circuit 55 that controls the DC / AC inverter 50 as a load 20. The DC / AC inverter 50 converts the supplied direct current into a predetermined alternating current and outputs it to the electrical device 54. The control circuit 55 controls the DC / AC inverter 50 to control power supply from the DC / AC inverter 50 to the electric device 54. Furthermore, the load 20 shown in the figure includes a power supply terminal 22 to which power is supplied in the on state of a discharge switch 52 (hereinafter referred to as a discharge switch) that is a main switch 21, and an on state and an off state of the discharge switch 52. And a constantly energizing terminal 23 to which power is supplied. In this power supply device, the output side of the control switch 4 is connected to the power supply terminal 22 via the discharge switch 52, and the output side of the current limiting circuit 3 is always energized without passing through the discharge switch 52. The terminal 23 is connected. Therefore, the battery 1 always supplies power to the energization terminal 23 through the current limiting circuit 3 and supplies power to the power supply terminal 22 of the load 20 through the control switch 4 and the main switch 21. .

Further, in the power supply device of FIG. 7, the current limiting circuit 3 is a circuit that limits the charge / discharge current, and is a circuit that can charge the battery 1 with the electric power input from the charger 41 connected to the outside. The current limiting circuit 3 in this figure is connected to a charging terminal 17 connected to an external charger 41, and the charger 41 is connected to this charging terminal 17. The charger 41 is a solar cell charger or a charger that converts a commercial power source into a charging voltage and current of the battery 1 and outputs the converted voltage. Since the power supply device described above can charge the battery 1 with the charger 41 connected to the outside when the control switch 4 is in the off state, overdischarge of the battery 1 can be prevented even when the control switch 4 is in the off state.

7 includes a current limiting unit 18 that limits a discharge current and a charging current to a predetermined current value or less, and an output switch 19 connected to the output side. The current limiting unit 18 that limits the charging current and charges the battery 1 charges the battery 1 by limiting the input power to a predetermined current value or less. The current limiting unit 18 can safely charge the battery 1 without charging it with an excessive current.

The output switch 19 includes an overdischarge prevention switch 19A and an overcharge prevention switch 19B. The overdischarge prevention switch 19A and the overcharge prevention switch 19B are controlled to be turned on / off by the control circuit 5. When the voltage of the battery 2 drops below the minimum voltage or the remaining capacity of the battery 2 falls below the minimum capacity, the control circuit 5 switches the overdischarge prevention switch 19A to turn off the battery 2 further deeper. The battery 2 is protected by preventing discharge (for example, complete discharge). The control circuit 5 sets the minimum voltage and the minimum remaining capacity for switching off the overdischarge prevention switch 19A to values equal to or smaller than the set voltage and the set remaining capacity for switching off the control switch 4. is doing. Further, when the voltage of the battery 2 rises above the maximum voltage or the remaining capacity of the battery 2 rises above the maximum capacity, the control circuit 5 switches the overcharge prevention switch 19B to OFF so that the battery 2 Further, the battery 2 is protected by preventing deep charging (for example, overcharging). The control circuit 5 sets the maximum voltage and the maximum remaining capacity for switching off the overcharge prevention switch 19B to values equal to or larger than the set voltage and the set remaining capacity for switching off the control switch 4. is doing. In the power supply device of FIG. 7, the overdischarge prevention switch 19A and the overcharge prevention switch 19B are FETs having a parasitic diode 19x, and the first FET 19a of the overdischarge prevention switch 19A and the second FET 19b of the overcharge prevention switch 19B are connected in series. is doing. The first FET 19a discharges the battery 1 in the on state, and interrupts the discharge current of the battery 1 in the off state. The second FET 19b charges the battery 1 in the on state, and interrupts the charging current of the battery 1 in the off state.

In the above power supply device, the overdischarge prevention switch 19A and the overcharge prevention switch 19B are connected in series, but these switches can also be connected as shown in FIG. The power supply device of FIG. 8 has an overdischarge prevention switch 19A connected between the output side of the current limiting unit 18 and the output terminal 10 to prevent overcharging between the output side of the current limiting unit 18 and the charging terminal 17. The switch 19B is connected. The power supply device in this figure discharges from the output terminal 10 while limiting the discharge current by the current limiting unit 18, and charges the battery 1 by the charger 41 while limiting the charging current by the current limiting unit 18. In this power supply device, the overdischarge prevention switch 19A and the overcharge prevention switch 19B are controlled by the control circuit 5 in the same manner as the power supply device shown in FIG. 7, and the battery 1 is discharged and charged. The current limiting circuit 3 shown in FIG. 8 uses the overdischarge prevention switch 19A and the overcharge prevention switch 19B as contactors, but the overdischarge prevention switch and the overcharge prevention switch can be semiconductor switching elements such as FETs. However, a power supply device using an overdischarge prevention switch as an FET is not shown in the figure, but a diode that allows a discharge current but cuts off a reverse current is connected to the output terminal side of the overdischarge prevention switch to cut off the charging current. .

The power supply device of FIG. 9 includes a first output terminal 11 connected to the power supply terminal 22 of the load 20 and a second output terminal 12 connected to the constant energization terminal 23, and the output switch 19 is current-limited. The charging terminal 17 is connected to the second output terminal 12 by connecting between the unit 18 and the second output terminal 12. The power supply device of FIG. 9 has an overdischarge prevention switch 19A and an overcharge prevention switch 19B as FETs having a parasitic diode 19x, and a first FET 19a of the overdischarge prevention switch 19A and a second FET 19b of the overcharge prevention switch 19B are connected in series. is doing. The first FET 19a discharges the battery 1 in the on state, and interrupts the discharge current of the battery 1 in the off state. The second FET 19b charges the battery 1 in the on state, and interrupts the charging current of the battery 1 in the off state. The output switch 19 of this power supply device is also turned on and off by the control circuit 5 in the same manner as the power supply device of FIG.

Further, in the power supply device of FIG. 10, an overdischarge prevention switch 19A is connected between the current limiting unit 18 and the second output terminal 12, and an overcharge prevention switch 19B is connected between the current limiting unit 18 and the charging terminal 17. is doing. In the power supply device of FIG. 10, the overdischarge prevention switch 19A and the overcharge prevention switch 19B are FETs. However, switches such as semiconductor switching elements and contactors other than FETs can be used as the overdischarge prevention switch and the overcharge prevention switch. The overdischarge prevention switch 19A discharges the battery 1 in the on state and cuts off the discharge current of the battery 1 in the off state. The overcharge prevention switch 19B charges the battery 1 in the on state, and blocks the charging current of the battery 1 in the off state. This power supply device controls the overdischarge prevention switch 19A and the overcharge prevention switch 19B in the same manner as the power supply device shown in FIG. 8, and discharges and charges the battery 1.

FIG. 11 shows a power supply device in which the battery 1 is a non-aqueous electrolyte battery such as a lithium ion battery or a lithium polymer battery. In this power supply device, the current limiting circuit 3 includes a current limiting unit 18 and an output switch 19. The current limiting unit 18 includes a discharge current limiting circuit 18A that limits the discharge current of the battery 1, and a constant voltage / constant current circuit 18B that controls the voltage and current for charging the battery 1. The output switch 19 includes an overdischarge prevention switch 19A and an overcharge prevention switch 19B. The overdischarge prevention switch 19A is connected to the output side of the discharge current limiting circuit 18A, and the overcharge prevention switch 19B is connected between the constant voltage / constant current circuit 18B and the charging terminal 17. The overdischarge prevention switch 19A and the overcharge prevention switch 19B are controlled to be turned on and off by the control circuit 5 in the same manner as the power supply device shown in FIGS. The overdischarge prevention switch 19A is connected to the output terminal 10 as indicated by a solid line, or in the power supply apparatus in which the first output terminal 11 and the second output terminal 12 are separately provided, Without being connected to the output terminal 11, it is connected to the second output terminal 12 as indicated by a chain line. In the current limiting circuit 3 shown in FIG. 11, the overdischarge prevention switch 19A and the overcharge prevention switch 19B are contactors. However, the overdischarge prevention switch and the overcharge prevention switch can be semiconductor switching elements such as FETs. However, in the power supply device in which the overdischarge prevention switch is an FET and the overdischarge prevention switch is connected to the output terminal 10 as shown by the solid line in FIG. 11, a discharge current is connected to the output terminal side of the overdischarge prevention switch. Connect a diode that cuts off the reverse current, but cuts off the charging current.

The discharge current limiting circuit 18A discharges the battery 1 by limiting the discharge current of the battery 1 to be smaller than a predetermined value. The constant voltage / constant current circuit 18B charges the lithium ion battery or the lithium polymer battery of the battery 1 by limiting the power input from the charger 41 to a predetermined voltage and current or less. This power supply device can safely fully charge a non-aqueous electrolyte battery such as a lithium ion battery or a lithium polymer battery with the charger 41.

The power supply device according to the present invention can be suitably used as a power supply device for a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, an electric vehicle or the like that can switch between the EV traveling mode and the HEV traveling mode. In addition, backup power supply devices that can be mounted on computer server racks, backup power supply devices for wireless base stations such as mobile phones, power storage devices for home use and factories, power storage devices such as street lamp power supplies, traffic lights, etc. It can also be used as appropriate for applications such as backup power supply.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 ... Power supply device 200 ... Vehicle 1 ... Battery 2 ... Battery 3 ... Current limiting circuit 3A ... Constant current circuit 3B ... Resistor 4 ... Control switch 5 ... Control circuit 6 ... Starting circuit 7 ... Diode 9 ... Lead battery 10 ... Output terminal DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 ... 1st output terminal 12 ... 2nd output terminal 13 ... Overdischarge prevention switch 15 ... Memory 16 ... Temperature sensor 17 ... Charging terminal 18 ... Current limiting part 18A ... Discharge current limiting circuit 18B ... Constant voltage / constant current circuit DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 19 ... Output switch 19A ... Overdischarge prevention switch 19B ... Overcharge prevention switch 19a ... 1st FET
19b ... 2nd FET
19x ... Parasitic diode 20 ... Load 21 ... Main switch 22 ... Power supply terminal 23 ... Always energizing terminal 24 ... Main relay 25 ... Charging mechanism 25A ... Generator 25B ... DC / DC converter 26 ... Fuse 28 ... Starter relay 29 ... Starter motor DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 30 ... Battery for driving 40 ... External charger 41 ... Charger 50 ... DC / AC inverter 51 ... Power source for charging 52 ... Discharge switch 53 ... Charge switch 54 ... Electrical equipment 55 ... Control circuit 56 ... DC / DC converter

Claims

Power is supplied to the power supply terminal of the load to which power is supplied when the main switch is on, and the constant current supply terminal to which power is supplied when the main switch is on and off, and is charged by the charging mechanism. A power supply device comprising a battery comprising a battery,
On the output side of the battery, a current limiting circuit that limits the discharge current and cuts off the charging current, and a control switch that controls charging and discharging of the battery are connected,
A power supply apparatus in which the battery supplies power to a constantly energizing terminal of a load via a current limiting circuit and supplies power to a power supply terminal of the load via a control switch.
A second output terminal connected to the output side of the current limiting circuit; and a first output terminal connected to the output side of the control switch;
2. The power supply device according to claim 1, wherein power is supplied from the second output terminal to a constantly energizing terminal of the load, and power is supplied from the first output terminal to the power supply terminal of the load.
An output terminal formed by connecting the output side of the current limiting circuit and the output side of the control switch;
The power supply apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the output terminal supplies power to a power supply terminal and a constant current supply terminal of the load.
A control circuit for detecting the voltage, remaining capacity, or temperature of the battery and controlling the control switch on and off;
The control circuit allows the battery to be charged / discharged by turning on the control switch while the battery voltage, remaining capacity, or temperature is within a predetermined range, and the battery voltage, remaining capacity, or temperature 4. The power supply device according to claim 1, wherein the control switch is turned off in a state where the battery is outside a predetermined range to prevent overcharging and overdischarging of the battery. 5.
The power supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the current limiting circuit includes an overdischarge prevention switch for preventing overdischarge of the battery.
The power supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the current limiting circuit is either a constant current circuit that limits a current or a series circuit of a resistor and a diode.
Comprising a startup circuit to which power is supplied from the battery via the current limiting circuit;
The power supply device according to claim 4, wherein the control circuit is activated by an activation signal from the activation circuit.
The power supply apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the battery is a lithium ion battery or a lithium polymer battery.
The power supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein a lead battery is connected in parallel with the battery.
The power supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein a lead battery is connected to an output side of the control switch.
A vehicle comprising the power supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 10 as a power source for supplying electric power to a load installed in the vehicle.
A power storage device comprising the power supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 10.
Power is supplied to the power supply terminal of the load to which power is supplied when the main switch is on, and the constant current supply terminal to which power is supplied when the main switch is on and off, and is charged by the charging mechanism. A power supply device comprising a battery comprising a battery,
On the output side of the battery, a current limiting circuit that limits the charging / discharging current and charges the battery with a charging current, and a control switch that controls charging / discharging of the battery are connected,
The battery supplies power to the constant energization terminal of the load via the current limiting circuit, supplies power to the power supply terminal of the load via the control switch, and is input from the outside when the control switch is off. A power supply device that charges a battery with electric power.