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WO2013187484A1 - 偽造防止用紙 - Google Patents

偽造防止用紙 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013187484A1
WO2013187484A1 PCT/JP2013/066382 JP2013066382W WO2013187484A1 WO 2013187484 A1 WO2013187484 A1 WO 2013187484A1 JP 2013066382 W JP2013066382 W JP 2013066382W WO 2013187484 A1 WO2013187484 A1 WO 2013187484A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
paper
intermediate layer
layer
watermark
counterfeit
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2013/066382
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
井出　英誉
Original Assignee
凸版印刷株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 凸版印刷株式会社 filed Critical 凸版印刷株式会社
Priority to JP2014521408A priority Critical patent/JP6213465B2/ja
Priority to EP13803645.4A priority patent/EP2862977B1/en
Priority to CN201380031452.XA priority patent/CN104364443B/zh
Publication of WO2013187484A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013187484A1/ja
Priority to US14/568,543 priority patent/US20150125660A1/en

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
    • D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
    • D21H21/40—Agents facilitating proof of genuineness or preventing fraudulent alteration, e.g. for security paper
    • D21H21/42—Ribbons or strips
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B32B15/09—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/12—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of paper or cardboard
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/20—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising aluminium or copper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
    • B32B27/306—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl acetate or vinyl alcohol (co)polymers
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    • B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B29/00—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/02—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions
    • B32B3/04—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions characterised by at least one layer folded at the edge, e.g. over another layer ; characterised by at least one layer enveloping or enclosing a material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
    • B32B3/263—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by a layer having non-uniform thickness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
    • B32B3/28—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by a layer comprising a deformed thin sheet, i.e. the layer having its entire thickness deformed out of the plane, e.g. corrugated, crumpled
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D15/00—Printed matter of special format or style not otherwise provided for
    • B42D15/0073—Printed matter of special format or style not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or material of the sheets
    • B42D15/0093—Sheet materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B42D25/29—Securities; Bank notes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/328—Diffraction gratings; Holograms
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
    • D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
    • D21H21/40—Agents facilitating proof of genuineness or preventing fraudulent alteration, e.g. for security paper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/10—Coating on the layer surface on synthetic resin layer or on natural or synthetic rubber layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/20—Inorganic coating
    • B32B2255/205—Metallic coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
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    • B32B2307/416—Reflective
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    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
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    • B32B2554/00—Paper of special types, e.g. banknotes
    • B42D2033/18—
    • B42D2033/24—
    • B42D2035/36—
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    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
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    • B42D25/324—Reliefs
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the prevention of counterfeiting of securities such as banknotes, stock certificates, bonds, gift certificates, lotteries and the like, and more specifically, when an attempt is made to counterfeit or tamper with an electronic copying machine. It relates to extremely difficult paper.
  • paper is widely used as securities having monetary value such as banknotes, stock certificates, bonds, gift certificates, lottery tickets, and the like.
  • the paper used in such securities is watermarked on the paper itself or special printing such as micro letters, intaglio, hidden letters, and fluorescent printing so that it cannot be easily forged or altered.
  • Transfer or seal a foil with metallic luster such as gold foil or silver foil, or a foil with a diffraction structure such as a hologram or diffraction grating that can express a stereoscopic image or special decoration image using light interference Generally, it is applied (see, for example, Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2).
  • the watermarking method and configuration include a white watermark method and a black watermark method for forming a pattern by changing the thickness of the paper using a special paper machine, and a method for printing a watermark pattern in advance.
  • Create a material then apply a paper base to the front and back of the base, apply a coloring material to the base in advance, attach the paper base to the front and back of the base, and finally irradiate the laser
  • a method for obtaining a watermark image has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 3 and Patent Document 4).
  • the diffractive structure as the forgery prevention measure, since it is processed into a sticker or transfer foil and then attached to the object, the diffractive structure is peeled off and reattached to the counterfeit for falsification. There is a problem that counterfeiting such as affixing an object is increasing, and the anti-counterfeiting effect is fading.
  • watermark paper produced by a private company is limited to only two gradations called the white watermark method, and watermark paper using a black watermark method having a plurality of gradations is used only for banknotes. .
  • the present invention solves the problems of the related art, and an object of the present invention is to provide a forgery-preventing paper that has high strength and surface smoothness and is difficult to tamper with or forge.
  • forgery-preventing paper obtained by interleaving an intermediate layer into a paper layer, wherein the intermediate layer is made of a base material that is transparent and has a thickness of 6 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m, and At least a part of at least one side of the intermediate layer has fine irregularities having different shapes depending on locations within a range of height difference of 10 nm to 700 nm and an aspect ratio of 0.5 to 10, and a surface in contact with the fine irregularities
  • An anti-counterfeit paper having a reflective layer at least partially is provided.
  • the reflection layer is provided in a part of the intermediate layer.
  • the intermediate layer is embedded in the paper layer.
  • a part of the intermediate layer is exposed on at least one side of the anti-counterfeit paper.
  • the fine unevenness of the intermediate layer is provided in an arbitrary pattern, and the pattern and the portion of the intermediate layer exposed from the forgery prevention paper are aligned.
  • Different fine irregularities are provided in a pattern such as letters, patterns, figures, etc., and a reflective layer is laminated on the surface in contact with the fine irregularities.
  • a reflective layer is laminated on the surface in contact with the fine irregularities.
  • the presence of an intermediate layer makes it possible to produce a high-strength anti-counterfeit paper, and the change in the thickness of the intermediate layer can be achieved by removing the variation in the thickness of the substrate itself and the thickness of the reflective layer. Since there are only fine irregularities of 10 nm to 700 nm, the thickness of the intermediate layer is almost unchanged and is almost constant, so that it is possible to obtain a forgery-preventing paper having a continuous gradation watermark effect while facilitating engraving. .
  • Forgery can be made more difficult by providing the reflective layer on at least a part of the intermediate layer or the entire fine irregularities.
  • the intermediate layer is completely embedded in the paper layer, and after cutting the paper as anti-counterfeit paper, the intermediate layer is not exposed at the edge of the anti-counterfeit paper, making it difficult to tamper or tamper it can.
  • the intermediate layer Since a part of the intermediate layer is exposed on at least one side of the anti-counterfeit paper, by visually observing optical changes due to the fine unevenness and the reflective layer provided in the intermediate layer under a normal light environment, It can be set as the forgery prevention paper which can judge an authenticity easily.
  • the fine unevenness of the intermediate layer is provided in an arbitrary pattern, and the unevenness pattern of the intermediate layer and the portion where the intermediate layer is exposed from the paper are aligned, light is applied to the intermediate layer exposed from the paper. Is incident, fine irregularities function as an OVD (optical change element) that generates an optical change, so that authenticity can be easily determined and counterfeiting can be made difficult.
  • OVD optical change element
  • the visible light transmittance is continuously changed by forming the fine irregularities on the intermediate layer while precisely controlling the shape, and laminating the reflective layer on the fine irregularities. It is possible to obtain a watermark with arbitrary continuous gradation, there is little change in the thickness of the intermediate layer, high strength and smoothness regardless of the brightness of the watermark, improved printing and transfer processing suitability, and intermediate When a part of the layer is exposed from the paper layer, the exposed part can be an OVD that expresses an optical change. Therefore, the authenticity is easily determined and the forgery prevention effect is high. Can achieve a high degree of compatibility with all of the good printability.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view illustrating a forged light-preventing sheet according to an embodiment of the present invention in a normal light environment.
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a state in the backlight environment of FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the AA cross section of FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the A ′ portion of FIG.
  • FIG. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a portion A ′′ of FIG.
  • FIG. 6 is a plan view illustrating a forged light-preventing sheet according to another embodiment of the present invention in a normal light environment.
  • FIG. 7 is a plan view showing a state in the backlight environment of FIG.
  • FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a BB cross section of FIG. FIG.
  • FIG. 9 is a plan view illustrating a forged light-preventing sheet according to another embodiment of the present invention in a normal light environment.
  • FIG. 10 is a plan view showing a state in the backlight environment of FIG.
  • FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing the CC cross section of FIG.
  • FIG. 1 shows the surface of the anti-counterfeit paper 11 according to the first embodiment of the present invention in a normal light environment, and the watermark pattern 31 (see FIG. 2) is not visible.
  • the watermark pattern 31 (see FIG. 2) is not visible.
  • a difference in light transmission density due to the intermediate layer 2 described later is expressed as a cross-shaped watermark pattern 31 as shown in FIG. 2 in a backlight environment.
  • the intermediate layer 2 is inserted into the paper base 1, and fine irregularities 3 are formed on at least one side of the intermediate layer 2.
  • the shape of the fine unevenness 3 varies depending on the location as shown in FIG. 4, and the difference in shape, specifically, the angle and depth of the slope of the uneven structure as shown in FIG. 5 is controlled.
  • the transmission and reflection of visible light can be controlled by precisely controlling the film thickness of the reflective layer 4 laminated on the fine irregularities 3.
  • the convex pitches X1, X2, and X3 are constant, and the convex heights are different.
  • the aspect ratio of the unevenness composed of the height Y3 and the convex part pitch X3 is larger than the ratio.
  • the present invention is not limited to the first embodiment, but, for example, the second embodiment shown in FIGS. 6 to 8 or the third embodiment shown in FIGS. 9 to 11. Can be configured, and the same effect is expected.
  • the watermark pattern 31 is not visible on the anti-counterfeit paper 12 under the following light environment shown in FIG. 6, but becomes a cross watermark pattern 31 under the backlight environment shown in FIG. Expressed.
  • this anti-counterfeit paper 12 as shown in FIG. 8, the intermediate layer 2 is completely encased in the paper substrate 1, and the difference in light transmission density between the intermediate layer 2 is different from that of the cross watermark pattern 31. Become.
  • the forgery-preventing paper 12 is in a state in which the intermediate layer 2 is completely swallowed into the paper base material 1. For this reason, since the thickness of the paper substrate 1 is increased in the portion where the intermediate layer 2 is not inserted, as shown by the border (dark gray) portion of the forgery prevention paper 12 in FIG. Thus, the transmitted light is less than the portion without the intermediate layer, and the difference in the light transmission density becomes the cross watermark pattern 31.
  • the watermark pattern 31 is not seen in the same manner, but the window opening portion 5 where the intermediate layer 2 is exposed is formed in a part thereof ( FIG. 11).
  • the window opening 5 is aligned with an arbitrary pattern 6 formed on the intermediate layer 2 with fine irregularities.
  • the pattern 6 can be confirmed in a direct light environment, and the fine unevenness 3 is an OVD.
  • the shading of the pattern changes depending on the observation angle, or the image is displayed by a special filter. Can be changed.
  • the window opening 5 may be provided on both sides of the anti-counterfeit paper 13.
  • the fine irregularities 3 on the intermediate layer 2 may be formed on the opposite surface of the window opening 5.
  • the optical effect of the combination of the fine unevenness 3 and the reflective layer 4 is as long as the fine unevenness 3 has a height difference of 10 nm to 700 nm and an aspect ratio in the range of 0.5 to 10.
  • the fine unevenness 3 has a height difference of 10 nm to 700 nm and an aspect ratio in the range of 0.5 to 10.
  • the planar arrangement of the fine irregularities 3 is a lattice shape (cross grating)
  • the transmittance does not change even when viewed from the top, bottom, left and right, and it is desirable that the watermark is highly visible.
  • the planar arrangement of the fine unevenness 3 is a stripe shape, when viewed from the top and bottom and from the left and right, a subtle difference in transmissivity occurs unlike a normal watermark. Can be realized.
  • Examples of the raw material for the paper substrate 1 include softwood, hardwood, cotton, rice, esparto, bagasse, hemp, flax, kenaf, cannabis, and other plant pulps, and plastics such as polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, polyacrylate, and polyvinyl chloride. Made synthetic fibers are used.
  • the pulp substrate or synthetic fiber is beaten in water to make a water-diluted raw material, which is entangled and then dehydrated and dried to produce the paper substrate 1.
  • the strength of the paper is obtained by water bonding between the hydroxyl groups of cellulose as a raw material.
  • Fillers used for paper include clay, talc, calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide and the like, and sizing agents include rosin, alkyl ketene dimer, stearic anhydride, alkenyl succinic anhydride, wax and the like.
  • paper strength enhancers include modified starch, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, urea-formaldehyde, melamine-formaldehyde, and polyethyleneimine. These materials are appropriately added to the water-diluted raw material as necessary.
  • the paper making method of the anti-counterfeit paper of the present invention may be an existing method of combining plant fiber papers, and a water dilute raw material concentration of 0.5% to 10%, preferably 1% to 2% is sufficient. It is made by kneading the swollen fibers well, pouring them on a sled / mesh wire part, arranging them, and evaporating the water by heating after squeezing.
  • the intermediate layer 2 is disposed between the upper side of the paper base material 1 and the lower side of the paper base material 1 before squeezing, and the water is squeezed and heated while superimposing the three layers, thereby providing three layers.
  • the intermediate layer 2 is interdigitated while adhering to each other.
  • a binder is often required because there is no bonding force such as hydrogen bonding between the synthetic fibers. It is desirable that the amount is appropriately determined so as not to decrease the strength of the paper.
  • the intermediate layer 2 is formed by forming fine irregularities 3 on a substrate made of a transparent polymer resin film, and further laminating a reflective layer 4 so as to be in contact with the fine irregularities 3.
  • an intermediate layer 2 may be provided in order to form a fine unevenness 3 on the unevenness forming layer by separately providing an unevenness forming layer on the intermediate layer base material or to improve the adhesion between the paper base material 1 and the intermediate layer 2.
  • An adhesive layer, an adhesion auxiliary layer, or the like may be sequentially laminated on one side or both sides.
  • the thickness of the intermediate layer 2 is preferably between 6 ⁇ m and 100 ⁇ m.
  • a film-like plastic made of a polymer material such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, or polyacrylate having excellent transparency and mechanically strong flexibility and flexibility is required. Used accordingly.
  • the fine unevenness 3 is directly formed on the base material of the intermediate layer 2 by heat or pressure, or the unevenness forming layer is separately laminated on the base material, Fine irregularities 3 may be formed by heat or pressure.
  • the fine unevenness 3 can precisely control the reflection and transmission of light depending on its structure, but the visible light transmittance particularly when the fine unevenness 3 has a height difference of 10 nm to 700 nm and an aspect ratio of 0.5 to 10. Can be easily set to an arbitrary value, and further, an optical change corresponding to the structure can be exhibited.
  • the reflective layer 4 it is preferable to form a metal thin film by using a vacuum film forming method in order to form a thin film on the surface layer without filling the unevenness of the fine unevenness 3.
  • the metal used for the reflective layer 4 include Al, Sn, Cr, Ni, Cu, Au, and brass.
  • the vacuum film-forming method a vacuum deposition method, a sputtering method, or the like can be applied, and it is sufficient that the thickness can be controlled between 5 and 100 nm. In the present invention, a thickness of 10 to 80 nm is preferable in terms of visible light transmittance. .
  • the film thickness of the reflective layer 4 may vary between the flat part and the part where the fine irregularities 3 are formed. However, the change in this case is a desired film thickness ascertained in advance.
  • the film thickness of the metal thin film changes depending on the surface shape of the film forming object even if the processing conditions are constant.
  • the surface shape is precisely controlled and molded, from the stage of designing the concavo-convex shape, it is possible to predict in advance the thickness change of the metal thin film in various concavo-convex shapes, Even if the concavo-convex structure changes inside the fine concavo-convex 3, desired transmittance and reflectance utilizing this change can be obtained.
  • the reflective layer 4 can be partially removed into an arbitrary pattern by the following method.
  • the first method is a method using the above-described printing method.
  • the second method is a method in which the reflective layer 4 is formed into an image pattern by vacuum-depositing the reflective layer 4 by superimposing a mask having an image pattern-shaped opening on the fine irregularities 3. .
  • a solvent-soluble resin layer is provided in a negative pattern, and the reflective layer 4 is uniformly formed on the entire surface by coating the solvent-soluble resin layer.
  • the soluble resin layer is dissolved and removed, and at the same time, the reflective layer 4 superimposed on the solvent-soluble resin layer is removed to form the remaining reflective layer 4 in an image pattern.
  • a resin layer that is easy to peel is provided on the fine irregularities 3 in a negative pattern, and the reflective layer 4 is uniformly formed on the entire surface by covering the resin layer, and then an adhesive roll. Or a pressure-sensitive adhesive paper or the like, and transferred to a pressure-sensitive adhesive roll or pressure-sensitive paper in a negative pattern to be removed. As a result, the reflective layer 4 remains in an image pattern.
  • the reflective layer 4 is uniformly formed on the entire surface, a chemical-resistant resin layer is provided on the reflective layer 4 in an image pattern, and exposed by applying an alkaline or acidic etching solution.
  • the reflective layer 4 is dissolved and removed.
  • the chemical-resistant resin layer may be removed, but it can be left as it is and used as a protective layer for imparting chemical resistance. .
  • a photosensitive resin layer is formed on the reflective layer 4 uniformly formed on the entire surface, exposed and developed in an image pattern, and then exposed by applying an alkaline or acidic etching solution.
  • the reflective layer 4 is dissolved and removed. Also in this case, the remaining photosensitive resin layer can be left as it is and used as a protective layer for providing chemical resistance.
  • the seventh method is a method in which the remaining reflective layer 4 is formed into an image pattern by directly removing the reflective layer 4 formed uniformly on the entire surface by irradiating it with laser light.
  • the method of forming the reflective layer 4 in a pattern or changing the thickness thereof is not limited to the above method.
  • These patterns may be random patterns having no clear meaning, but information that can be recognized by the observer may be given as patterns such as pictures, figures, patterns, letters, numbers, and symbols.
  • the printing process on the anti-counterfeit paper of the present invention can print characters and designs by the same method as that of conventional paper, that is, the printing method such as the offset printing method, the screen printing method, and the gravure printing method. It is also possible to perform small-cut processing using a cutting machine, transfer processing using a transfer foil or a pasting process, and pasting processing.
  • Example 1 First, an example of the first embodiment in which the anti-counterfeit paper 11 in which the intermediate layer 2 on which the fine unevenness 3 is formed is rolled into the paper substrate 1 will be described.
  • a transparent polyethylene terephthalate film having a thickness of 25 ⁇ m was used as a base material for the intermediate layer 2.
  • a metal roll having a shape obtained by inverting the desired fine unevenness 3 is heated to 195 ° C. and pressed against the base material of the intermediate layer 2, and at the same time, a smooth metal roll is pressed on the opposite side to form the fine unevenness 3. Formed.
  • an Al metal thin film layer having a film thickness of 10 to 60 nm was formed as the reflective layer 4 on the entire surface where the fine irregularities 3 were formed by a vacuum deposition method, and the intermediate layer 2 was produced.
  • the anti-counterfeit paper 11 thus produced has the transparent intermediate layer 2 inserted in the paper base material 1 but has no irregularities like a normal watermark paper and has a smooth paper surface.
  • the printability to No. 11 was good, and even when characters were written by hand, the irregularities were not disturbed.
  • the anti-counterfeit paper 11 was observed in a backlight environment, a watermark pattern with rich gradation could be observed.
  • Example 2 an anti-counterfeit paper 12 according to a second embodiment in which the intermediate layer 2 having the fine irregularities 3 and the reflective layer 4 is not exposed from the end of the paper base 1 will be described.
  • a transparent polyethylene terephthalate film having a thickness of 25 ⁇ m was used as a base material for the intermediate layer 2.
  • a metal roll having a shape obtained by inverting the desired fine unevenness 3 is heated to 195 ° C. and pressed against the base material of the intermediate layer 2, and at the same time, a smooth metal roll is pressed on the opposite side to form the fine unevenness 3.
  • an Al metal thin film layer having a film thickness of 10 to 60 nm was formed as the reflective layer 4 by a vacuum deposition method on the entire surface where the fine irregularities 3 were formed.
  • the intermediate layer 2 was produced.
  • the intermediate layer 2 is completely encased in the paper base 1, so that the intermediate layer 12 is not exposed at the end of the anti-counterfeit paper 12 and is completely As a result, it was impossible to tamper with the intermediate layer 2 and the paper substrate 1.
  • the anti-counterfeit paper 12 has no irregularities like normal watermark paper, and the paper surface is smooth. Therefore, the printability on the anti-counterfeit paper 11 is good, and even if handwritten characters are written, the irregularities are not disturbed. It was never done. On the other hand, when the anti-counterfeit paper 11 was observed in a backlight environment, a watermark pattern with rich gradation could be observed.
  • Example 3 Next, forgery according to the third embodiment in which the intermediate layer 2 in which the fine irregularities 3 are formed on one side and the reflective layer 4 is laminated is inserted into the paper base material 1 provided with the window opening 5.
  • the prevention sheet 13 will be described.
  • a transparent polyethylene terephthalate film having a thickness of 12 ⁇ m was used as the base material of the intermediate layer 2.
  • a metal roll having a shape obtained by inverting the desired fine unevenness 3 is heated to 195 ° C. and pressed against the base material of the intermediate layer 2, and at the same time, a smooth metal roll is pressed on the opposite side, and the fine unevenness 3 Formed.
  • an Al metal thin film layer having a film thickness of 10 to 60 nm was formed as the reflective layer 4 on the entire surface on which the fine irregularities 3 were formed by a vacuum deposition method, and the intermediate layer 2 was produced.
  • the intermediate layer 2 is placed on the sown conifer pulp, and the image 6 formed by the fine irregularities 3 formed on the intermediate layer 2 is aligned with the circular window opening 5 in the previously sown conifer pulp at a desired position.
  • this was dehydrated and dried to produce the forgery prevention paper 13 of the present invention having a weight of 100 g / m 2 (corresponding to the forgery prevention paper 13 shown in FIGS. 9 to 11).
  • the window opening 5 can clearly observe optical changes in which the pattern, color, and shade change depending on the angle at which the exposed intermediate layer 2 is observed. It was.
  • the surface was smooth like a paper without a watermark, and the printability and writing ability were good.
  • the window opening portion 5 an image with a shade having no color can be observed by the transmitted light transmitted through the exposed intermediate layer 2, and in the portion other than the window opening portion 5, the image is scattered in the paper base material 1. With the transparent intermediate layer 2 embedded, a watermark pattern rich in gradation could be observed.
  • the anti-counterfeit paper 11, 12 and 13 has the effect of the “watermark with gradation”, which is a forgery-preventing technique that has been used only for banknote paper in the past, and the thickness of the anti-counterfeit paper itself.
  • This is achieved by the fine irregularities 3 and the reflective layer 4 formed in the intermediate layer 2 which is engraved, not by the change in surface and the irregularities on the surface.
  • the front and back of the conventional watermark paper had irregularities due to the change in the thickness of the paper.
  • the front and back of the anti-counterfeit paper 11, 12, 13 are both smooth, the workability and printability of the paper Also excellent.
  • the window base 5 is provided in the paper base 1 to expose the intermediate layer 2 and the intermediate layer exposed portion is formed with a structure that causes an optical change, the anti-counterfeiting effect is also high.
  • the anti-counterfeit paper of the present invention is more difficult to counterfeit or falsify, although the authenticity determination is the same as that of the conventional black watermark.
  • a watermark paper having a plurality of gradations can be produced by a method different from the watermark method, the strength and the smoothness of the surface are high, and the engraved intermediate layer is exposed on a part of the paper, Furthermore, since the exposed portion has a structure that causes an optical change, it is possible to provide a forgery prevention sheet that is difficult to falsify or forge.

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Abstract

中間層（２）を紙層中に漉き込んでなる偽造防止用紙を、中間層（２）が透明で厚さが６μｍ～２００μｍの厚さが一定な基材からなり、且つ中間層（２）の少なくとも片面の少なくとも一部に高低差が１０ｎｍ～７００ｎｍ、アスペクト比が０．５～１０の範囲内で場所によって異なる微細な凹凸（３）を有し、その微細な凹凸（３）に接する面の少なくとも一部に反射層を設けて作製した。

Description

偽造防止用紙
　本発明は、例えば紙幣、株券、債券、商品券、宝くじ等の紙からなる有価証券類の偽造防止に関するもので、更に詳しくは、電子複写機による偽造や改竄をしようとした時にそれらの行為が極めて困難である用紙に関するものである。
　現在、紙は、紙幣をはじめ、株券、債券、商品券、宝くじ等々金銭的価値を有する有価証券として幅広く使用されている。この様な有価証券類に用いられている用紙には、容易に偽造又は変造出来ないように、紙自身に透かしを施したり、あるいはマイクロ文字や凹版、隠し文字、蛍光印刷等の特殊な印刷を施したり、金箔や銀箔のような金属光沢を有する箔、もしくは光の干渉を用いて立体画像や特殊な装飾画像を表現し得るホログラムや回折格子のような回折構造を有する箔を転写又はシールで施しているのが一般的である（例えば、特許文献１及び特許文献２参照）。
　この内、透かしを施す方法や構成としては、特殊な抄紙機を用いて用紙の厚みを変化させることによって模様を形成する白透かし法や黒透かし法などの方法や、予め透かし模様を印刷した基材を作成して、その基材の表裏に紙基材を接着した構成、基材に予め発色材を塗布して、その基材の表裏に紙基材を接着し、最後にレーザを照射することにより透かし画像を得る方法などが提案されている（例えば、特許文献３及び特許文献４参照）。
特許第１６１５０００号公報 特開平４－１４９５８５号公報 特開２００２－６７４７０号公報 特許第４３９１２８７号公報
しかしながら、前記偽造防止策としての回折構造物では、ステッカーや転写箔などに加工されてから被貼付物に貼付されるため、剥離して偽造物に再貼付して改竄したり、偽造した回折構造物を貼付するなどの偽造が増加しており、その偽造防止効果が薄れつつあるという問題がある。
　また、有価証券や紙幣の真贋判定を行う際には、現在でも用紙の透かしが有効であるため、透かしは実際の偽造防止用紙に用いられている。ところが、日本国内においては、民間企業が製造する透かし用紙は白透かし法と呼ばれる２階調のみに制限されており、複数の階調を持つ黒透かし法を用いた透かし用紙は紙幣だけに用いられる。
　更に、このような透かし用紙は、用紙基材の厚さの変化による光透過度の変化を利用して透かしを構成するため、明るい透かしとする場合、紙基材を薄くしなければならず、強度が低下したり、透かしのコントラスト効果を向上させるためには、透かし部分の表層紙厚の差を大きくしなければならず、結果、透かし用紙自体に凹凸が出来てしまい、透かし部分の印刷適性が悪いという問題がある。
　本発明は、係る従来技術の問題点を解決するものであり、強度や表面の平滑性が高く、且つ、改竄や偽造が困難な偽造防止用紙を提供することを目的とする。
　第１の態様によれば、中間層を紙層中に漉き込んでなる偽造防止用紙であって、前記中間層が透明で厚さが６μｍ～２００μｍの厚さが一定な基材からなり、且つ前記中間層の少なくとも片面の少なくとも一部に高低差が１０ｎｍ～７００ｎｍ、アスペクト比が０．５～１０の範囲内で場所によって異なる形状の微細な凹凸を有し、その微細な凹凸に接する面の少なくとも一部に反射層を有する偽造防止用紙が提供される。
　前記反射層は中間層の一部に設けられている。
　前記中間層は前記紙層中に埋め込まれている。
　前記中間層の一部は、少なくとも前記偽造防止用紙の片面に露出されている。
　前記中間層の微細な凹凸は任意のパターンで設けられ、且つ該パターンと前記中間層の前記偽造防止用紙から露出する部分とは位置合わせされている。
　６μｍ～２００μｍの厚さが一定な高分子樹脂フィルムを基材とした中間層の少なくとも片面の少なくとも一部に、高低差が１０ｎｍ～７００ｎｍ、アスペクト比が０．５～１０の範囲内で場所によって異なる微細な凹凸を、文字や絵柄、図形などのパターン状に設け、更にその微細な凹凸に接する面に反射層を積層する。こうすることで、この中間層に可視光が入射すると、中間層を透過する光と反射する光に分かれる。この中間層を紙層中に漉き込むことで、この用紙を透過光で観察すると、中間層に設けられた微細な凹凸の形状の違いによって可視光透過率が変化し、結果、連続した階調を持つ透かし画像を得ることが可能となる。
　また、中間層があることで強度の高い偽造防止用紙とすることが可能となり、更に中間層の厚みの変化は基材自体の厚みのバラツキや反射層の膜厚のバラツキを除けば、高低差１０ｎｍ～７００ｎｍの微細な凹凸だけであるため、中間層の厚みはほとんど変化せずほぼ一定であるため漉き込みが容易ながらも連続した階調の透かし効果を持った偽造防止用紙とすることができる。
　前記反射層が中間層または微細な凹凸の全体ではなく、少なくとも一部に設けられていることで偽造をより困難なものとすることができる。
　中間層が紙層中に完全に埋め込まれており、偽造防止用紙として用紙を断裁した後も中間層が偽造防止用紙の端部で露出していないことで、改竄や変造を困難とすることができる。
　前記中間層の一部が、偽造防止用紙の少なくとも片面に露出していることから、順光環境下では中間層に設けられた微細な凹凸と反射層による光学変化を目視で観察することで、容易に真贋判定ができる偽造防止用紙とすることができる。
　前記中間層の微細な凹凸が任意のパターンで設けられ、更に、中間層の凹凸のパターンと中間層が用紙から露出する部分とが位置合わせされていることから、用紙から露出した中間層に光が入射することにより、微細な凹凸が光学的変化を発生させるＯＶＤ（光学変化素子）として機能するため、容易に真贋判定ができ、且つ、偽造を困難とすることができる。
　即ち、本発明によれば、微細な凹凸の形状を精密に制御しながら中間層上に形成し、この微細な凹凸に反射層を積層することによって可視光透過率を連続的に変化させることで任意の連続した階調を持つ透かしを得ることが可能となり、中間層の厚みの変化が少なく、透かしの明度によらず強度や平滑性が高く、印刷や転写の加工適性を向上させ、更に中間層の一部が紙層から露出させた場合には、その露出部分が光学的変化を発現させるＯＶＤとすることが可能であることから、真贋判定のし易さと偽造防止効果の高さ、更には印刷加工適性の良さの全てを高度に両立することができる。
図１は、本発明の一実施の形態に係る偽造防止用紙の順光環境下状態を示した平面図である。 図２は、図１の逆光環境下状態を示した平面図である。 図３は、図２のＡ－Ａ断面を示した断面図である。 図４は、図３のＡ’部を拡大して示した断面図である。 図５は、図４のＡ”部を拡大して示した断面図である。 図６は、本発明の他の実施の形態に係る偽造防止用紙の順光環境下状態を示した平面図である。 図７は、図６の逆光環境下状態を示した平面図である。 図８は、図７のＢ－Ｂ断面を示した断面図である。 図９は、本発明の他の実施の形態に係る偽造防止用紙の順光環境下状態を示した平面図である。 図１０は、図６の逆光環境下状態を示した平面図である。 図１１は、図１０のＣ－Ｃ断面を示した断面図である。
　以下、本発明の実施の形態に係る偽造防止媒体と偽造防止用紙について、図面を参照して詳細に説明する。
　図１は、本発明の第１の実施の形態に係る偽造防止用紙１１の順光環境下における表面を示すもので、透かし模様３１（図２参照）は見えない。そして、この偽造防止用紙１１は、逆光環境下、図２に示すように後述する中間層２による光透過濃度の差が、十字の透かし模様３１となって発現される。
　即ち、偽造防止用紙１１には、図３に示すように用紙基材１に中間層２が漉き込まれており、この中間層２の少なくとも片面に微細な凹凸３が形成されている。この微細な凹凸３の形状は、図４に示すように場所によって異なっており、この形状の違い、具体的には、図５に示すように凹凸構造の斜面の角度や深さを制御することによって、この微細な凹凸３に積層された反射層４の膜厚を精密に制御することで、可視光の透過と反射を制御することができる。
　この中間層２に形成された微細な凹凸３の表面の反射層４は、そのアスペクト比が、微細な凹凸３の凸部ピッチと高さの比＝Ｘa／Ｙa（図５参照、但し、ａは、任意の数字）で示される値であり、例えば凸部ピッチＸ１、Ｘ２、Ｘ３が各々一定で、凸部高さが異なり、この場合、高さＹ１、凸部ピッチＸ１からなる凹凸のアスペクト比よりも、高さＹ３、凸部ピッチＸ３からなる凹凸のアスペクト比の方が大きくなる。
　また、この発明は、上記第１の実施の形態に限ることなく、その他、例えば図６乃至図８に示す第２の実施の形態、あるいは、図９乃至図１１に示す第３の実施の形態が構成可能であり、同様の効果が期待される。
　第２の実施の形態では、図６に示す順光環境下において、偽造防止用紙１２には、透かし模様３１が見えないが、図７に示す逆光環境下では、十字の透かし模様３１となって発現される。この偽造防止用紙１２は、図８に示すように中間層２が用紙基材１の中に完全に漉き込まれており、その中間層２による光透過濃度の差が、十字の透かし模様３１となる。
　即ち、この偽造防止用紙１２は、中間層２が用紙基材１の中に完全に漉き込まれた状態となっている。このため、中間層２が漉き込まれて無い部分は用紙基材１の厚さが厚くなることから、逆光環境下では、図７における偽造防止用紙１２の縁取り（濃灰色）部が示すように、中間層が無い部分よりも透過光が少ない状態となり、その光透過濃度の差が、十字の透かし模様３１となる。
　また、第３の実施の形態では、図９に示す順光環境下において、同様に透かし模様３１は見えないが、その一部に中間層２が露出した窓開き部５が形成されている（図１１参照）。この窓開き部５は、中間層２に微細な凹凸で形成された任意の絵柄６と位置合わせがなされている。この絵柄６は、順光環境下でその模様を確認することができ、更に微細な凹凸３は、ＯＶＤであるため、例えば観察する角度によって絵柄の濃淡が変化したり、特殊なフィルターによって画像を変化させることができる。
　また、偽造防止用紙１３を逆光環境下で観察した状態では、図１０に示すように紙層中の中間層２による十字模様がハッキリと視認される。また、窓開き部５では、露出している中間層２に形成された微細な凹凸３と反射層４による絵柄６が、順光環境下とは異なる濃淡の絵柄となって観察される。
　尚、前記窓開き部５は、偽造防止用紙１３の両面に設けるようにしてもよい。そして、中間層２上の微細な凹凸３は、窓開き部５の反対面に形成するように構成してもよい。
　また、微細な凹凸３と反射層４の組み合わせによる光学効果は、微細な凹凸３としては、上述した高低差が１０ｎｍ～７００ｎｍ、アスペクト比が０．５～１０の範囲内であれば、本発明では特に限定するものではない。
　さらに、微細な凹凸３の平面配置は、格子状（クロスグレーティング）とすると、上下左右の斜めから見たときも透過率が変化せず、透かしの視認性が高く望ましい。また、微細な凹凸３の平面配置として、ストライプ状であれば、上下と左右で見た際に、通常の透かしと異なり微妙な透過率の差が発生するため、より偽造防止効果の高い透かしを実現することができる。
　次に、本発明の偽造防止用紙を構成する各層の材質と形成方法などについて詳細に説明する。
　前記用紙基材１の原料としては、針葉樹や広葉樹、コットン、イネ、エスパルト、バガス、麻、亜麻、ケナフ、カンナビス等の植物パルプや、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリプロピレン、ポリアクリレート、ポリ塩化ビニル等のプラスチックから作られた合成繊維が用いられる。
　次に、植物パルプまたは合成繊維を水中にて叩解して水稀薄原料としたものを漉いて絡ませた後、脱水・乾燥させて、用紙基材１が作られる。この時、紙は、原料であるセルロースの水酸基間の水結合で繊維間の強度が得られる。また、紙に用いる填料としてはクレイ、タルク、炭酸カルシウム、二酸化チタン等があり、サイズ剤としてはロジン、アルキル・ケテン・ダイマー、無水ステアリン酸、アルケニル無水こはく酸、ワックス等がある。紙力増強剤には変性デンプン、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリアクリルアミド、尿素－ホルムアルデヒド、メラミン－ホルムアルデヒド、ポリエチレンイミン等がある。これらの材料は、必要に応じて適宜水稀薄原料に加えられる。
　また、本発明の偽造防止用紙の抄紙方法は、既存の植物繊維紙の漉き合わせ法でよく、原料濃度を０．５％～１０％、好ましくは１％～２％の水稀薄原料で十分に膨潤させた繊維をよく混練し、スダレ・網目状のワイヤーパート上に流して並べ、搾水後加温により水分を蒸発させて作られる。この時、搾水前に用紙基材１の上側、及び用紙基材１の下側との間に中間層２を配置し、３層を重ね合わせながら搾水して加熱することで、３層が密着しながら中間層２の漉き合わせが行われる。
　また、植物繊維以外の例えば合成繊維を混入した紙の場合は、合成繊維間に水素結合などの結合力を持たないため結着剤を必要とすることが多いので、合成繊維比率と結着剤量は、紙の強度を落とさない程度に適宜決めるのが望ましい。
　前記中間層２は、透明な高分子樹脂フィルムからなる基材に微細な凹凸３を形成し、更に微細な凹凸３に接するように反射層４を積層してなる。必要によっては、中間層基材に別途凹凸形成層を設けて凹凸形成層上に微細な凹凸３を形成したり、用紙基材１と中間層２との密着性を向上させるために中間層２の片面または両面に接着層や密着補助層などを順次積層してもよい。本発明の場合、中間層２の基材が薄過ぎると強度が低下して凹凸加工時に破断したり、あまり厚いと用紙基材１に漉き込む際、加工適性を損なってしまうため、偽造防止用紙としての厚さも考慮すると、本発明において中間層２の厚さは６μｍ～１００μｍの間であることが好ましい。
　前記中間層２の基材としては、透明性に優れ、機械的に強く柔軟性や可撓性を有するポリエチレンテレフタレートやポリ塩化ビニル、ポリアクリレート等の高分子材料からなるフィルム状のプラスチックが必要に応じて用いられる。
　前記中間層２において、凹凸を精密に形成する場合には、中間層２の基材に熱や圧力などによって直接微細な凹凸３を成型するか、凹凸形成層を基材上に別途積層し、熱や圧力などによって微細な凹凸３を成型してもよい。微細な凹凸３は、その構造によって光の反射と透過が精密に制御できるが、特に、微細な凹凸３の高低差が１０ｎｍ～７００ｎｍ、アスペクト比が０．５～１０の時には、可視光透過率を任意の値にすることが容易であり、更に、その構造に応じた光学変化を発現させることも出来る。
　前記反射層４としては、微細な凹凸３の凹凸を埋めることなく表層に薄膜を形成するために真空製膜法を利用して金属薄膜を形成することが好ましい。反射層４に使用される金属としては、例えば、Ａｌ、Ｓｎ、Ｃｒ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｕ、Ａｕ、真鍮等が挙げられる。そして、真空製膜法としては、真空蒸着法、スパッタリング法等が適用でき、厚みが５～１００ｎｍの間で制御できればよく、本発明では可視光の透過率の点で１０ｎｍ～８０ｎｍの厚みが好ましい。
　反射層４は、平坦部と微細な凹凸３が形成された部分とで膜厚が変化してもよい。但し、この場合の変化は、予め把握された所望の膜厚である。
　前記真空製膜法を利用して反射層４を形成した場合、加工条件を一定にしても製膜対象物の表面形状によって金属薄膜の膜厚は変化してしまう。しかし、本発明ではその表面形状を精密に制御して成型するため、凹凸形状を設計する段階から、色々な形状の凹凸における金属薄膜の膜厚の変化も事前に予測することが可能であり、微細な凹凸３内部で凹凸構造が変化しても、この変化を利用した所望の透過率や反射率を得ることができる。
　そして、前記反射層４は、次のような方法により、部分的に任意のパターンに除去することができる。
　即ち、第１の方法は、前述の印刷方式を利用する方法である。また、第２の方法は、微細な凹凸３に画像パターン状の開口部を有するマスクを重ねて反射層４を真空製膜することにより、画像パターン状に反射層４を製膜する方法である。
　また、第３の方法は、まず、溶剤溶解性の樹脂層をネガパターン状に設け、この溶剤溶解性樹脂層を被覆して全面一様に反射層４を形成した後、溶剤で前記の溶剤溶解性樹脂層を溶解して除去すると同時に、この溶剤溶解性樹脂層上に重ねられた反射層４を除去することによって、残存する反射層４が画像パターン状に形成される方法である。
　また、第４の方法は、まず、微細な凹凸３の上に剥離しやすい樹脂層をネガパターン状に設け、この樹脂層を被覆して全面一様に反射層４を形成した後、粘着ロールや粘着紙等に押し当てることによって粘着ロールや粘着紙等にネガパターン状に転写させて除去し、結果、反射層４が画像パターン状に残存される方法である。
　また、第５の方法は、全面一様に反射層４を形成し、この反射層４上に耐薬品性の樹脂層を画像パターン状に設け、アルカリ性または酸性のエッチング液を適用して露出している反射層４を溶解して除去する方法である。この場合、反射層４を画像パターン状に加工した後、前記耐薬品性樹脂層を除去してもよいが、そのまま残存させて、耐薬品性を持たせるための保護層として利用することもできる。
　また、第６の方法は、全面一様に形成された反射層４上に感光性樹脂層を形成し、画像パターン状に露光・現像した後、アルカリ性または酸性のエッチング液を適用して露出した反射層４を溶解して除去する方法である。この場合も、残存する感光性樹脂層をそのまま残存させて、耐薬品性を持たせる保護層として利用することができる。
　また、第７の方法は、全面一様に形成された反射層４にレーザ光を照射して直接除去することにより、残存する反射層４が画像パターン状となる方法である。
　尚、本発明では、反射層４をパターン状に形成したり、その厚みを変化させたりする方法については、前記方法に限定するものではない。
　これらのパターンとしては、明確な意味を持たないランダムなパターンでもよいが、絵柄、図形、模様、文字、数字、記号等のパターンとして、観察者に認知可能な情報を付与させてもよい。
　尚、本発明の偽造防止用紙への印刷加工は、従来の紙の場合と同じ方法、即ち、オフセット印刷法、スクリーン印刷法、グラビア印刷法等の印刷法で文字や絵柄を印刷することが可能であり、断裁機を用いての小切れ加工、後からや転写箔を用いての転写加工、貼付加工なども可能である。
　次に、前述した第１乃至第３の実施の形態に基づいて作製した実施例を説明する。
（実施例１）
　先ず、微細な凹凸加工３を形成した中間層２を用紙基材１中に漉き込んだ偽造防止用紙１１を作製した第１の実施の形態の実施例について説明する。
　中間層２の基材として、厚さ２５μｍの透明なポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルムを使用した。所望の微細な凹凸３を反転させた形状を有する金属ロールを１９５℃に熱して中間層２の基材に押し当てると同時に、反対側には平滑な金属ロールを押し当て、微細な凹凸３を形成した。次に、更に微細な凹凸３が形成された全面に、反射層４として真空蒸着法により膜厚１０～６０ｎｍのＡｌ金属薄膜層を形成して、中間層２を作製した。
　次に、針葉樹パルプを水中で叩解して原料濃度を１．５％とした後、手漉き装置を用いて一度漉き、漉いた針葉樹パルプの上に中間層２を配置して更にもう一度漉き合わせを行った。次に、これを脱水、乾燥させることで、秤量１００ｇ／ｍ2の本発明の偽造防止用紙１１を作製した（図１～図５に示した偽造防止用紙１１に対応する）。
　こうして作製された偽造防止用紙１１は、透明な中間層２が用紙基材１の中に漉き込まれているが、通常の透かし用紙のような凹凸が無く用紙表面が平滑なため、偽造防止用紙１１への印刷適性は良好で、更に、手書きで文字を書き込んでも凹凸に邪魔をされることがなかった。一方、逆光環境下で偽造防止用紙１１を観察すると、階調豊かな透かし模様を観察することが出来た。
（実施例２）
　次に、微細な凹凸３と反射層４を有する中間層２が用紙基材１の端部から露出していない第２の実施の形態に係る偽造防止用紙１２について説明する。
　中間層２の基材として、厚さ２５μｍの透明なポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルムを使用した。所望の微細な凹凸３を反転させた形状を有する金属ロールを１９５℃に熱して中間層２の基材に押し当てると同時に、反対側には平滑な金属ロールを押し当て、微細な凹凸３を形成し、更に微細な凹凸３が形成された全面に、反射層４として真空蒸着法により膜厚１０～６０ｎｍのＡｌ金属薄膜層を形成した。こうして、中間層２を作製した。
　次に、針葉樹パルプを水中で叩解して原料濃度を１．５％とした後、透き網と手漉き装置を用いて一度漉き、漉いた針葉樹パルプの上に、漉いた針葉樹パルプよりも１回り小さい大きさの中間層２を所望の位置に配置して更にもう一度漉き合わせを行った。次に、これを脱水、乾燥させることで、秤量１００ｇ／ｍ2の本発明の偽造防止用紙１２を作製した（図６～図８に示した偽造防止用紙１２に対応する）。
　こうして作製された偽造防止用紙１２は、中間層２が完全に用紙基材１の中に漉き込まれているため、偽造防止用紙１２の端部には、中間層１２が露出せず、完全に漉き込まれた状態となり、中間層２と用紙基材１とを剥離する改竄は不可能であった。
　また、この偽造防止用紙１２も、通常の透かし用紙のような凹凸が無く用紙表面が平滑なため、偽造防止用紙１１への印刷適性は良好で、更に、手書きで文字を書き込んでも凹凸に邪魔をされることがなかった。一方、逆光環境下で偽造防止用紙１１を観察すると、階調豊かな透かし模様を観察することが出来た。
（実施例３）
　次に、片面に微細な凹凸３を形成して反射層４を積層した中間層２を、窓開き部５を設けた用紙基材１の中に漉き込んだ第３の実施の形態に係る偽造防止用紙１３について説明する。
　中間層２の基材として、厚さ１２μｍの透明なポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルムを使用した。所望の微細な凹凸３を反転させた形状を有する金属ロールを１９５℃に熱して中間層２の基材に押し当てると同時に、反対側には、平滑な金属ロールを押し当て、微細な凹凸３を形成した。次に、更に微細な凹凸３が形成された全面に、反射層４として真空蒸着法により膜厚１０～６０ｎｍのＡｌ金属薄膜層を形成して、中間層２を作製した
　次に、針葉樹パルプを水中で叩解して原料濃度を１．５％とした後、金属で加工され、部分的に円形に窓開きになるように金属で加工された透き網と手漉き装置を用いて一度漉いた。次に、漉いた針葉樹パルプの上に中間層２を、中間層２に形成された微細な凹凸３による画像６と先に漉いた針葉樹パルプにおける円形の窓開き部５を所望の位置で合わせ、更にもう一度漉き合わせを行った。次に、これを脱水、乾燥させることで、秤量１００ｇ／ｍ2の本発明の偽造防止用紙１３を作製した（図９～図１１に示した偽造防止用紙１３に対応する）。
　こうして作製した偽造防止用紙１３を順光状態で観察すると、窓開き部５では、露出した中間層２が観察する角度によって、絵柄や色彩、濃淡が変化する光学変化をはっきりと観察することができた。また、中間層２が露出せずに用紙基材１中に漉き込まれた部分では、透かしがない用紙のように表面が平滑で、印刷適性や筆記適性が良好であった。一方、逆光状態では、窓開き部５では、露出した中間層２を透過する透過光により、色彩のない濃淡による画像が観察でき、窓開き部５以外の部分では、用紙基材１内に漉き込まれた透明な中間層２により、階調豊かな透かし模様を観察することが出来た。
　このように、前記偽造防止用紙１１，１２，１３は、従来国内では、紙幣用紙のみに使用されていた偽造防止技術である「階調を持った透かし」の効果を、偽造防止用紙自体の厚みの変化や表面の凹凸ではなく、漉き込まれた中間層２に形成された微細な凹凸３と反射層４によって達成している。また、従来の透かし用紙の表裏には、紙の厚さの変化による凹凸が発生していたが、偽造防止用紙１１，１２，１３の表裏が共に平滑であるため、用紙の加工性や印刷適性にも優れている。また、用紙基材１に窓開き部５を設けて中間層２を露出させ、その中間層露出部に光学的変化を発現させる構造を形成していることにより、偽造防止効果も高い。このように、本発明の偽造防止用紙が、真贋判定が従来の黒透かしと同様でありながらも、より偽造や改竄が困難なものとなっていることが分かる。
　尚、本発明は、上記実施形態に限ることなく、その他、実施段階ではその要旨を逸脱しない範囲で種々の変形を実施し得ることが可能である。更に、上記実施形態には、種々の段階の発明が含まれており、開示される複数の構成要件における適宜な組合せにより、種々の発明が抽出され得る。
　例えば実施形態に示される全構成要件から幾つかの構成要件が削除されても、発明が解決しようとする課題の欄で述べた課題が解決でき、発明の効果で述べられている効果が得られる場合には、この構成要件が削除された構成が発明として抽出され得る。
　本発明によれば、複数の階調を持った透かし用紙を、透かし法とは異なる方法で作製可能とし、強度や表面の平滑性が高く、漉き込んだ中間層を用紙の一部分で露出させ、更にはその露出部に光学変化を発現させる構造を有することから改竄や偽造が困難な偽造防止用紙を提供することができる。
　１…用紙基材
　２…中間層
　３…微細な凹凸
　４…反射層
　５…窓開き部
　６…窓開き部から露出している微細な凹凸、及び観察できる絵柄
　１１…偽造防止用紙
　１２…偽造防止用紙
　１３…偽造防止用紙
　３１…逆光環境下で観察できる透かし模様

Claims (5)

  1. 　中間層を紙層中に漉き込んでなる偽造防止用紙であって、
    　前記中間層が透明で厚さが６μｍ～２００μｍの厚さが一定な基材からなり、且つ前記中間層の少なくとも片面の少なくとも一部に高低差が１０ｎｍ～７００ｎｍ、アスペクト比が０．５～１０の範囲内で場所によって異なる形状の微細な凹凸を有し、その微細な凹凸に接する面の少なくとも一部に反射層を有することを特徴とする偽造防止用紙。
  2. 　前記反射層が中間層の一部に設けられていることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の偽造防止用紙。
  3. 　前記中間層が前記紙層中に埋め込まれていることを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載の偽造防止用紙。
  4. 　前記中間層の一部が、少なくとも前記偽造防止用紙の片面に露出されていることを特徴とする請求項１乃至３のいずれかに記載の偽造防止用紙。
  5. 　前記中間層の微細な凹凸が任意のパターンで設けられ、且つ該パターンと前記中間層の前記偽造防止用紙から露出する部分とが位置合わせされていることを特徴とする請求項１乃至４のいずれかに記載の偽造防止用紙。
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