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WO2013185897A2 - Method for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich fraction - Google Patents

Method for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich fraction Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013185897A2
WO2013185897A2 PCT/EP2013/001671 EP2013001671W WO2013185897A2 WO 2013185897 A2 WO2013185897 A2 WO 2013185897A2 EP 2013001671 W EP2013001671 W EP 2013001671W WO 2013185897 A2 WO2013185897 A2 WO 2013185897A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hydrocarbon
rich fraction
liquefied
stage
fraction
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2013/001671
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2013185897A3 (en
Inventor
Rainer Sapper
Original Assignee
Linde Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Linde Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Linde Aktiengesellschaft
Priority to US14/406,939 priority Critical patent/US20150176891A1/en
Priority to CA2874071A priority patent/CA2874071A1/en
Publication of WO2013185897A2 publication Critical patent/WO2013185897A2/en
Publication of WO2013185897A3 publication Critical patent/WO2013185897A3/en

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
    • F25J1/0037—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work of a return stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0201—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration
    • F25J1/0202—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration in a quasi-closed internal refrigeration loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
    • F25J1/0288—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion of the refrigerant, so-called companders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0292—Refrigerant compression by cold or cryogenic suction of the refrigerant gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/04—Internal refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop
    • F25J2270/06—Internal refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop with multiple gas expansion loops

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich fraction, wherein the hydrocarbon-rich fraction is liquefied against an open expander refrigeration cycle.
  • An open expander refrigeration cycle is a liquefaction process in which a partial stream of the liquefied (hydrocarbon-rich) feed fraction is withdrawn before cooling and liquefaction, cooled, relieved at low temperatures and then heated in countercurrent to the residual feed fraction to be liquefied (rich in hydrocarbons) , Open expander refrigeration circuits therefore require no additional or imported refrigerant or
  • refrigerant mixed availability at the selected location of the liquefaction process does not play a role.
  • Liquefaction plants in which such processes are realized, are therefore very flexible in terms of their location choice.
  • refrigerant below single-component or multi-component refrigerants are to be understood .
  • Refrigerant branched partial stream of the feed fraction to be liquefied in a relaxation stage preferably by means of an expander, is cooled down to cool.
  • a relaxation stage preferably by means of an expander
  • Object of the present invention is to provide a generic method for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich fraction, the one in Compared to the state of the art counting liquefaction processes with open expander refrigeration circuits has better energy efficiency.
  • Hydrocarbon-rich fraction proposed, which is characterized in that in the open expander refrigerant circuit circulating partial stream of the liquefied hydrocarbon-rich (use) fraction is two-stage work expanded, the cooled in the first expansion stage partial stream and then the second expansion stage is supplied.
  • the partial stream of the hydrocarbon-rich fraction to be liquefied circulating in the open expander refrigeration cycle is now at least two-stage depressurized.
  • the efficiency of the liquefaction process can already be substantially improved.
  • energy consumption decreases by about 20%.
  • a third relaxation stage Energy consumption is reduced by about 25% compared to single-stage relaxation.
  • the hydrocarbon-rich feed fraction 1 to be liquefied is compressed to the desired condensing pressure by means of a single-stage or multistage compressor unit V1.
  • the compressed feed fraction 2 is now divided into two partial streams 3 and 6 or 6 ', wherein only the partial stream 3, which is the main stream, is subjected to cooling and liquefaction.
  • the at least partially liquefied substream 4 is expanded in the valve a and fed to a separator D.
  • the liquefied hydrocarbon-rich product fraction 5 is withdrawn from its bottom.
  • the resulting in the aforementioned relaxation in the separator D gaseous fraction 20, consisting essentially of the
  • Components nitrogen and methane is compressed in the compressor V3 to a pressure which allows a subsequent admixing of this fraction to the refrigerant flow 12, which will be discussed in more detail below.
  • the thus compressed fraction 21 is then passed in countercurrent to the hydrocarbon-rich fraction 3 to be liquefied by the heat exchanger E and then admixed with the aforementioned refrigerant flow 12.
  • the aforementioned second partial flow 6 or 6 'of the compressed feed fraction 2, which forms the refrigerant flow, is fed to the heat exchanger E in the case of the process control shown in FIG Process streams cooled.
  • the refrigerant stream 8 cooled in this way is depressurized in the first expansion stage X1 and then fed again via line 9 to the heat exchanger E and cooled therein.
  • the cooled refrigerant flow 10 is then supplied to the second expansion stage X2 and relaxed in this cold-performing again.
  • the expanded refrigerant flow 11 is now in the heat exchanger E against the above, to be cooled
  • the refrigerant flow is compressed to a pressure which allows an admixture of the refrigerant via line 14 to the hydrocarbon-rich fraction 1 to be liquefied.
  • FIG. 2 differs from that shown in FIG. 1 in that the partial stream 6 'of the hydrocarbon-rich fraction 1 to be liquefied, which forms the refrigerant, is fed to a third expansion stage X3. The one in this relaxed
  • Refrigerant flow 7 is then fed to the heat exchanger E.
  • the further process control of the refrigerant flow 7 is identical to that of FIG. 1.
  • the compressors and expansion stages shown can be combined with one another in one or more so-called companders in a very wide variety of ways.
  • a compander the compressor unit (s) and the expander unit (s) are connected via a common transmission on the same shaft.
  • the expenditure on equipment of the method according to the invention can be substantially reduced.
  • Another possibility is to provide a cycle compressor having an external drive - eg an electric motor - and that each of the expander drives a blower seated on the same shaft.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich fraction, wherein the hydrocarbon-rich fraction is liquefied toward an open expander cooling circuit. According to the invention the sub-flow (6-14) of the hydrocarbon rich fraction that is to be liquefied, which sub-flow circulates in the expander cooling circuit, is cooled, and is expanded in two stages to perform work (X1, X2), wherein the sub-flow (9) expanded in the first expansion stage (X1) is cooled (E) and is subsequently fed (10) to the second expansion stage (X2).

Description

Beschreibung  description
Verfahren zum Verflüssigen einer Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion Process for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich fraction
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Verflüssigen einer Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion, wobei die Kohlenwasserstoff-reiche Fraktion gegen einen offenen Expander- Kältekreislauf verflüssigt wird. The invention relates to a process for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich fraction, wherein the hydrocarbon-rich fraction is liquefied against an open expander refrigeration cycle.
Gattungsgemäße Verfahren zum Verflüssigen Kohlenwasserstoff-reicher Fraktionen kommen beispielsweise bei der Verflüssigung von Erdgas zur Anwendung. Unter einem offenen Expander-Kältekreislauf versteht man einen Verflüssigungsprozess, bei dem ein Teilstrom der zur verflüssigenden (Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen) Einsatzfraktion vor der Abkühlung und Verflüssigung abgezogen, abgekühlt, kälteleistend entspannt und anschließend im Gegenstrom zu der zu verflüssigenden (Kohlenwasserstoffreichen) restlichen Einsatzfraktion angewärmt wird. Offene Expander-Kältekreisläufe erfordern daher kein zusätzliches bzw. importiertes Kältemittel oder Generic processes for liquefying hydrocarbon-rich fractions are used, for example, in the liquefaction of natural gas. An open expander refrigeration cycle is a liquefaction process in which a partial stream of the liquefied (hydrocarbon-rich) feed fraction is withdrawn before cooling and liquefaction, cooled, relieved at low temperatures and then heated in countercurrent to the residual feed fraction to be liquefied (rich in hydrocarbons) , Open expander refrigeration circuits therefore require no additional or imported refrigerant or
Kältemittelgemisch, weswegen die Kältemittel(gemisch Verfügbarkeit am gewählten Standort des Verflüssigungsprozesses keine Rolle spielt. Verflüssigungsanlagen, in denen derartige Prozesse realisiert werden, sind daher bzgl. ihrer Standortwahl sehr flexibel. Unter dem Begriff„Kältemittel" seien nachfolgend ein- oder mehrkomponentige Kältemittel zu verstehen. Therefore, the refrigerants (mixture availability at the selected location of the liquefaction process does not play a role.) Liquefaction plants, in which such processes are realized, are therefore very flexible in terms of their location choice.The term "refrigerant" below single-component or multi-component refrigerants are to be understood ,
Bei der Verflüssigung Kohlenwasserstoff-reicher Fraktionen, insbesondere von Erdgas, kommen offene Expander-Kältekreisläufe zur Anwendung, bei denen der als In the liquefaction of hydrocarbon-rich fractions, in particular of natural gas, open expander refrigeration circuits are used, in which the
Kältemittel abgezweigte Teilstrom der zu verflüssigenden Einsatzfraktion in einer Entspannungsstufe, vorzugsweise mittels eines Expanders, kälteleistend entspannt wird. Im Vergleich zu sog. geschlossenen Expander-Kältekreisläufen sowie zu Refrigerant branched partial stream of the feed fraction to be liquefied in a relaxation stage, preferably by means of an expander, is cooled down to cool. Compared to so-called closed expander refrigeration circuits as well as to
Gemischkreisläufen weisen offene Expander-Kältekreisläufe einen vergleichsweise schlechten energetischen Wirkungsgrad auf. Sie wurden aus diesem Grunde in der Vergangenheit üblicherweise nur bei kleineren Verflüssigungsanlagen - hierunter seien Anlagen mit einer Verflüssigungsleistung von wenigen hundert Tonnen LNG pro Tag zu verstehen - in Betracht gezogen.  Mixing circuits have open expander refrigeration circuits a comparatively poor energy efficiency. For this reason, they have traditionally only been considered in the past for smaller liquefaction plants - these are plants with a liquefaction capacity of a few hundred tonnes of LNG per day.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein gattungsgemäßes Verfahren zum Verflüssigen einer Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion anzugeben, das einen im Vergleich zu den zum Stand der Technik zählenden Verflüssigungsprozessen mit offenen Expander-Kältekreisläufen besseren energetischen Wirkungsgrad aufweist. Object of the present invention is to provide a generic method for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich fraction, the one in Compared to the state of the art counting liquefaction processes with open expander refrigeration circuits has better energy efficiency.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird ein Verfahren zum Verflüssigen einer To solve this problem, a method for liquefying a
Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion vorgeschlagen, das dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass der in dem offenen Expander-Kältekreislauf zirkulierende Teilstrom der zu verflüssigenden Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen (Einsatz)Fraktion zweistufig arbeitsleistend entspannt wird, wobei der in der ersten Entspannungsstufe entspannte Teilstrom abgekühlt und anschließend der zweiten Entspannungsstufe zugeführt wird. Hydrocarbon-rich fraction proposed, which is characterized in that in the open expander refrigerant circuit circulating partial stream of the liquefied hydrocarbon-rich (use) fraction is two-stage work expanded, the cooled in the first expansion stage partial stream and then the second expansion stage is supplied.
Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zum Verflüssigen einer Kohlenwassserstoff-reichen Fraktion, die Gegenstände der abhängigen Patentansprüche darstellen, sind dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass - der in dem offenen Expander-Kältekreislauf zirkulierende Teilstrom der zu verflüssigenden Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion zusätzlich einer dritten Entspannungsstufe zugeführt wird, wobei diese der vorbeschriebenen zweistufigen Entspannung vorgeschaltet ist, - die verflüssigte Kohlenwasserstoff-reiche Fraktion entspannt und die bei dieser Entspannung anfallende gasförmige Fraktion abgetrennt und erneut der zu verflüssigenden Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion zugemischt wird, wobei die gasförmige Fraktion vor der Zumischung ggf. verdichtet wird, und - sofern die zu verflüssigende, Kohlenwasserstoff-reiche Fraktion und/oder wenigstens ein anderer Verfahrensstrom einer Verdichtung unterworfen wird, wenigstens eine der Entspannungsstufen und die oder wenigstens eine der Verdichtungen in einem Compander realisiert werden. Erfindungsgemäß wird der in dem offenen Expander-Kältekreislauf zirkulierende Teilstrom der zu verflüssigenden Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion nunmehr wenigstens zweistufig entspannt. Mittels dieser Verfahrensweise lässt sich der Wirkungsgrad des Verflüssigungsprozesses bereits wesentlich verbessern. Beim Übergang von einer ein- zu einer zweistufigen Entspannung verringert sich der Energieverbrauch um ca. 20 %. Wird zusätzlich eine dritte Entspannungsstufe vorgesehen, verringert sich der Energieverbrauch im Vergleich zu einer einstufigen Entspannung um ca. 25 %. Further advantageous embodiments of the method according to the invention for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich fraction, which constitute subject matters of the dependent claims, are characterized in that: - the partial stream circulating in the open expander refrigeration cycle is additionally fed to a third stage of liquefaction of the hydrocarbon-rich fraction to be liquefied, this being preceded by the two-stage expansion described above, the liquefied hydrocarbon-rich fraction is expanded and the gaseous fraction resulting from this expansion is separated and mixed again with the hydrocarbon-rich fraction to be liquefied, the gaseous fraction optionally being compacted before mixing, and - if the liquefied, hydrocarbon-rich fraction and / or at least one other process stream is subjected to compaction, at least one of the expansion stages and the or at least one of the densifications can be realized in a compander. According to the invention, the partial stream of the hydrocarbon-rich fraction to be liquefied circulating in the open expander refrigeration cycle is now at least two-stage depressurized. By means of this procedure, the efficiency of the liquefaction process can already be substantially improved. When moving from one to two-stage relaxation, energy consumption decreases by about 20%. In addition, a third relaxation stage Energy consumption is reduced by about 25% compared to single-stage relaxation.
Es ist offensichtlich, dass der apparative Aufwand des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens im Vergleich zu einem Verflüssigungsprozess, bei dem eine lediglich einstufige arbeitsleistende Entspannung erfolgt, größer ist. Dieser negative Aspekt wird jedoch durch die mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren verbundenen Vorteile kompensiert. It is obvious that the expenditure on equipment of the method according to the invention is greater in comparison with a liquefaction process in which a one-stage work-performing expansion takes place. However, this negative aspect is compensated by the advantages associated with the method according to the invention.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Verflüssigen einer Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion sowie weiteren Ausgestaltungen desselben sei nachfolgend anhand der in den Figuren 1 und 2 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert. The inventive method for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich fraction and other embodiments thereof will be explained in more detail with reference to the embodiments shown in Figures 1 and 2.
Wie in den Figuren 1 und 2 dargestellt, wird die zu verflüssigende Kohlenwasserstoff- reiche Einsatzfraktion 1 mittels einer ein- oder mehrstufigen Verdichtereinheit V1 auf den gewünschten Verflüssigungsdruck verdichtet. Die verdichtete Einsatzfraktion 2 wird nunmehr auf zwei Teilströme 3 und 6 bzw. 6' aufgeteilt, wobei lediglich der Teilstrom 3, der den Hauptstrom darstellt, der Abkühlung und Verflüssigung unterworfen wird. Dazu wird dieser Teilstrom 3 im Wärmetauscher E gegen As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the hydrocarbon-rich feed fraction 1 to be liquefied is compressed to the desired condensing pressure by means of a single-stage or multistage compressor unit V1. The compressed feed fraction 2 is now divided into two partial streams 3 and 6 or 6 ', wherein only the partial stream 3, which is the main stream, is subjected to cooling and liquefaction. For this purpose, this partial flow 3 in the heat exchanger E against
anzuwärmende Verfahrensströme, auf die im Folgenden noch näher eingegangen werden wird, abgekühlt und zumindest partiell verflüssigt. to be heated process streams, which will be discussed in more detail below, cooled and at least partially liquefied.
Der zumindest partiell verflüssigte Teilstrom 4 wird im Ventil a entspannt und einem Abscheider D zugeführt. Aus dessen Sumpf wird die verflüssigte Kohlenwasserstoff- reiche Prodkuktfraktion 5 abgezogen. Die bei der vorgenannten Entspannung im Abscheider D anfallende gasförmige Fraktion 20, die im Wesentlichen aus denThe at least partially liquefied substream 4 is expanded in the valve a and fed to a separator D. The liquefied hydrocarbon-rich product fraction 5 is withdrawn from its bottom. The resulting in the aforementioned relaxation in the separator D gaseous fraction 20, consisting essentially of the
Komponenten Stickstoff und Methan besteht, wird im Verdichter V3 auf einen Druck verdichtet, der eine nachfolgende Zumischung dieser Fraktion zu dem Kältemittelstrom 12, auf den im Folgenden noch näher eingegangen werden wird, ermöglicht. Die derart verdichtete Fraktion 21 wird anschließend im Gegenstrom zu der zu verflüssigenden Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion 3 durch den Wärmetauscher E geführt und anschließend dem vorerwähnten Kältemittelstrom 12 zugemischt. Components nitrogen and methane is compressed in the compressor V3 to a pressure which allows a subsequent admixing of this fraction to the refrigerant flow 12, which will be discussed in more detail below. The thus compressed fraction 21 is then passed in countercurrent to the hydrocarbon-rich fraction 3 to be liquefied by the heat exchanger E and then admixed with the aforementioned refrigerant flow 12.
Der vorerwähnte zweite Teilstrom 6 bzw. 6' der verdichteten Einsatzfraktion 2, der den Kältemittelstrom bildet, wird im Falle der in der Figur 1 dargestellten Verfahrensführung dem Wärmetauscher E zugeführt und in diesem gegen anzuwärmende Verfahrensströme abgekühlt. Der derart abgekühlte Kältemittelstrom 8 wird in der ersten Entspannungsstufe X1 kälteleistend entspannt und anschließend über Leitung 9 erneut dem Wärmetauscher E zugeführt und in diesem abgekühlt. Der abgekühlte Kältemittelstrom 10 wird sodann der zweiten Entspannungsstufe X2 zugeführt und in dieser erneut kälteleistend entspannt. Der entspannte Kältemittelstrom 11 wird nunmehr im Wärmetauscher E gegen die vorbeschriebenen, abzukühlenden The aforementioned second partial flow 6 or 6 'of the compressed feed fraction 2, which forms the refrigerant flow, is fed to the heat exchanger E in the case of the process control shown in FIG Process streams cooled. The refrigerant stream 8 cooled in this way is depressurized in the first expansion stage X1 and then fed again via line 9 to the heat exchanger E and cooled therein. The cooled refrigerant flow 10 is then supplied to the second expansion stage X2 and relaxed in this cold-performing again. The expanded refrigerant flow 11 is now in the heat exchanger E against the above, to be cooled
Verfahrensströme angewärmt und über Leitung 12 der ein- oder mehrstufig Process streams warmed and via line 12 of the one or more stages
ausgebildeten Verdichtereinheit V2 zugeführt. In dieser wird der Kältemittelstrom auf einen Druck verdichtet, der eine Zumischung des Kältemittels über Leitung 14 zu der zu verflüssigenden Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion 1 ermöglicht. trained compressor unit V2 supplied. In this, the refrigerant flow is compressed to a pressure which allows an admixture of the refrigerant via line 14 to the hydrocarbon-rich fraction 1 to be liquefied.
Die in der Figur 2 dargestellte Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens unterscheidet sich von der in der Figur 1 Dargestellten dadurch, dass der Teilstrom 6' der zu verflüssigenden Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion 1 , der das Kältemittel bildet, einer dritten Entspannungsstufe X3 zugeführt wird. Der in dieser entspannte The embodiment of the method according to the invention shown in FIG. 2 differs from that shown in FIG. 1 in that the partial stream 6 'of the hydrocarbon-rich fraction 1 to be liquefied, which forms the refrigerant, is fed to a third expansion stage X3. The one in this relaxed
Kältemittelstrom 7 wird anschließend dem Wärmetauscher E zugeführt. Die weitere Verfahrensführung des Kältemittelstromes 7 ist identisch zu derjenigen der Figur 1.  Refrigerant flow 7 is then fed to the heat exchanger E. The further process control of the refrigerant flow 7 is identical to that of FIG. 1.
In vorteilhafter Weise können die dargestellten Verdichter und Entspannungsstufen in einem oder mehreren sog. Compandern auf unterschiedlichste Weise miteinander kombiniert werden. Bei einem Compander sind die Verdichtereinheit(en) sowie die Expandereinheit(en) über ein gemeinsames Getriebe auf derselben Welle verbunden. Damit kann der apparative Aufwand des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wesentlich reduziert werden. Advantageously, the compressors and expansion stages shown can be combined with one another in one or more so-called companders in a very wide variety of ways. In a compander, the compressor unit (s) and the expander unit (s) are connected via a common transmission on the same shaft. Thus, the expenditure on equipment of the method according to the invention can be substantially reduced.
Eine weitere Möglichkeit besteht darin, einen Kreislaufverdichter vorzusehen, der einen externen Antrieb - bspw. einen E-Motor aufweist -, und dass jeder der Expander einen auf der gleichen Welle sitzenden Blower antreibt. Another possibility is to provide a cycle compressor having an external drive - eg an electric motor - and that each of the expander drives a blower seated on the same shaft.

Claims

Patentansprüche  claims
Verfahren zum Verflüssigen einer Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion, wobei die Kohlenwasserstoff-reiche Fraktion gegen einen offenen Expander-Kältekreislauf verflüssigt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der in dem Expander- Kältekreislauf zirkulierende Teilstrom (6 - 14) der zu verflüssigenden A method for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich fraction, wherein the hydrocarbon-rich fraction is liquefied against an open expander refrigeration cycle, characterized in that the in the expander refrigerant circuit circulating part stream (6-14) of the liquefied
Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion (3) zweistufig arbeitsleistend entspannt wird (X1 , X2), wobei der in der ersten Entspannungsstufe (X1) entspannte Teilstrom (9) abgekühlt (E) und anschließend der zweiten Entspannungsstufe (X2) zugeführt wird (10). Hydrocarbon-rich fraction (3) two-stage work is relaxing (X1, X2), wherein in the first expansion stage (X1) relaxed partial stream (9) cooled (E) and then the second expansion stage (X2) is supplied (10).
Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der in dem Expander- Kältekreislauf zirkulierende Teilstrom (6) zusätzlich einer dritten A method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the expander refrigerant circuit circulating partial flow (6) in addition to a third
Entspannungsstufe (X3) zugeführt wird, wobei diese der zweistufigen Relaxation stage (X3) is supplied, these two-stage
Entspannung (X1 , X2) vorgeschaltet ist Relaxation (X1, X2) is connected upstream
Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die verflüssigte Kohlenwasserstoff-reiche Fraktion (4) entspannt (a) und die bei dieser A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the liquefied hydrocarbon-rich fraction (4) relaxes (a) and in this
Entspannung anfallende gasförmige Fraktion abgetrennt (D) und erneut der zu verflüssigenden Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion (1 ) zugemischt wird. Separating gaseous fraction obtained separated (D) and the liquefied hydrocarbon-rich fraction (1) is added again.
Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei die zu verflüssigende, Kohlenwasserstoff-reiche Fraktion und/oder wenigstens ein anderer Verfahrensstrom einer Verdichtung unterworfen wird, dadurch A process according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 3, wherein the hydrocarbon-rich fraction to be liquefied and / or at least one other process stream is subjected to densification
gekennzeichnet, dass wenigstens eine der Entspannungsstufen (X1 , X2, X3) und die oder wenigstens eine der Verdichtungen in einem Compander realisiert werden. in that at least one of the expansion stages (X1, X2, X3) and the or at least one of the densifications are realized in a compander.
PCT/EP2013/001671 2012-06-14 2013-06-06 Method for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich fraction WO2013185897A2 (en)

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