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WO2013185613A1 - 重楼皂苷i的酰化衍生物、及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

重楼皂苷i的酰化衍生物、及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013185613A1
WO2013185613A1 PCT/CN2013/077165 CN2013077165W WO2013185613A1 WO 2013185613 A1 WO2013185613 A1 WO 2013185613A1 CN 2013077165 W CN2013077165 W CN 2013077165W WO 2013185613 A1 WO2013185613 A1 WO 2013185613A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
substituted
saponin
unsubstituted
arabinofuranosyl
derivative
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PCT/CN2013/077165
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐荣臻
荣风光
谢福文
Original Assignee
杭州本生药业有限公司
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Application filed by 杭州本生药业有限公司 filed Critical 杭州本生药业有限公司
Priority to CN201380024577.XA priority Critical patent/CN104334571B/zh
Priority to EP13805106.5A priority patent/EP2862869B1/en
Priority to JP2015516430A priority patent/JP2015523349A/ja
Priority to DK13805106.5T priority patent/DK2862869T3/en
Priority to US14/407,622 priority patent/US9353146B2/en
Publication of WO2013185613A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013185613A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07JSTEROIDS
    • C07J71/00Steroids in which the cyclopenta(a)hydrophenanthrene skeleton is condensed with a heterocyclic ring
    • C07J71/0005Oxygen-containing hetero ring
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/7042Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings
    • A61K31/7048Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having oxygen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. leucoglucosan, hesperidin, erythromycin, nystatin, digitoxin or digoxin
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00Antineoplastic agents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00Antineoplastic agents
    • A61P35/02Antineoplastic agents specific for leukemia
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07JSTEROIDS
    • C07J71/00Steroids in which the cyclopenta(a)hydrophenanthrene skeleton is condensed with a heterocyclic ring

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of natural medicine and medicinal chemistry, and relates to a novel saponin I derivative, in particular to a 5,-position acylated furanoarabinyl saponin I derivative, and a method for preparing the same, comprising the compound Composition and its use in the preparation of anti-tumor drugs.
  • Background technique
  • Polyphyllin l also known as Polyphyllin D; abbreviated as PPD or PP I
  • PPD Polyphyllin D
  • PP I Polyphyllin D
  • 4-0-furan arabinosyl-2-0-pyranpyrose- ⁇ -D-glucopyranosyl Diosgenin is a small molecular monomer extracted from the Chinese herbal medicine (Paris Polyphylla), also known as the seven-leaf flower.
  • the heavy building has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects, analgesic stabilization and anti-tumor effect. It is found that the main active ingredient, saponin I, exerts anti-tumor effect mainly in the way of inducing apoptosis, and has obvious inhibitory effects on various tumor cells.
  • Xiao Meifang et al. investigated the effect of saponin I on proliferation and apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line SMMC-7721 in vitro. And related mechanisms. Studies have shown that saponin I can inhibit the proliferation of liver cancer SMMC-7721 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. It may be that saponin I inhibits the growth of hepatoma cells by blocking the growth of tumor cells and inducing apoptosis. . (Xiao Meifang et al, the effect of heavy saponin I on proliferation and apoptosis of hepatoma cells. Life science research.
  • the invention modifies the 5'-furan arabinose group of the saponin I of the saponin I, and the antitumor activity of the compound obtained is doubled compared with the saponin I, which is So far, all the domestic and foreign literatures have not been reported, so these compounds are expected to be developed into clinical anti-tumor drugs. Summary of the invention
  • One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a novel 5,-position acylated furan arabinose heavy saponin I derivative of the formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable adduct, complex or salt thereof:
  • R 2 is selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted C r C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 6 anhydrocarbyl, substituted or unsubstituted c 3 -c 7 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -c 7 cycloalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted aryl C r C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted C r C 6 alkanoyl or substituted or unsubstituted aroyl;
  • R 2 is selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted C r C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 7 anhydrocarbyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 a C 7 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstit
  • a second object of the present invention is to provide a process for the preparation of the 5,-position acylated furanoarabinyl heavy saponin I derivative of the general formula (I) of the present invention:
  • the 5'-position acylated furanoarabinyl saponin I derivative (I; is hydrogen) can be isolated from the natural extract of the heavy saponin I and the corresponding organic acid R 2 C0 2 H in the presence of a condensing agent or catalyst Condensed and esterified; it can also be composed of saponin I and the corresponding organic acid chloride
  • R 2 COCl or an organic acid anhydride (R 2 CO) 20 is condensed and esterified in the presence of a condensing agent or an alkaline agent; or an organic acid R 2 C0 2 H is activated to form an intermediate, and then with saponin I
  • the reaction produces a 5'-position acylated furan arabinosyl heavy saponin I derivative (I; is hydrogen); the hydroxy group of the furan arabinose group of the saponin I can also be activated to form an intermediate, and then with the organic acid R 2 C0 2 H reaction to form a 5'-position acylated furanoarabinyl heavy saponin I derivative (I;
  • a third object of the present invention is to provide a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of the present invention, the pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one compound of the present invention, and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
  • a fourth object of the present invention is to provide a use of a compound of the present invention or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same for the preparation of a medicament, particularly an antitumor medicament. Accordingly, the invention provides a method of treating a tumor patient comprising administering to a patient in need of treatment a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of the invention.
  • the tumor is particularly selected from the group consisting of leukemia, multiple myeloma, Lymphoma, liver cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, osteosarcoma, melanoma, human cervical cancer, glioma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, laryngeal cancer, esophageal cancer, middle ear tumor , prostate cancer, etc.
  • the invention also relates to compounds of the invention for use in the treatment of tumors. detailed description
  • the present invention relates to a novel 5,-position acylated furanoarabinyl saponin I derivative of the formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable adduct, complex or salt thereof.
  • R 2 is selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted C r C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 7 fluorene, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 - a C 7 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein preference is given to H.
  • R 2 is preferably a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group which is a phenyl group.
  • R 2 CO is selected from the relative An organic acid, an organic acid chloride, or an organic acid anhydride.
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I, wherein preference is given to H.
  • R 2 is preferably a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group which is a five- or six-membered aromatic ring group containing a nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur hetero atom; the heteroaryl group in R 2 is more preferably a furyl group , thienyl, pyridyl or pyrrolyl.
  • R 2 CO is selected from the corresponding organic acids, organic acid chlorides, or organic acid anhydrides.
  • R 2 is preferably a substituted or unsubstituted dC 6 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 7 fluorene hydrocarbon group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 7 cyclic anthracenyl; more preferably R 2 is cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, iso Butyl, tert-butyl, aminobutyl, arylmethyl, or arylethyl.
  • R 2 CO is selected from the corresponding organic acids, organic acid chlorides, or organic acid anhydrides.
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula I wherein R 2 is selected from the group consisting of halogen, amino, -NH 2-n (CC 6 1 ⁇ 2) n , - NH 2-n (C 3 -C) 6 cycloalkyl) a n, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, trifluoromethyl, dC 6 alkoxy, mercapto or alkylthio dC 6 or more substituents, where n is an integer of 1 or 2, More preferably, the substituent is fluorine, chlorine, bromine, nitro, amino, cyano, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, trifluoromethyl , trifluoromethoxy, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, methylamino, dimethylamino, ethylamino, diethylamino, cyclopropyla
  • the present invention relates to compounds of the general formula (I) of the present invention in the form of their salts, solvates, hydrates, adducts, complexes, polymorphs or prodrugs.
  • C r C 6 alkyl refers to straight or branched chain containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a substituted or non-substituted alkane.
  • Examples of C r C 6 alkane groups include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, and n-icosyl.
  • C 2 -C 6 ⁇ alkyl refers to a straight or branched chain, substituted or 2-6 carbon atoms. Unsubstituted anthracene hydrocarbon group.
  • Examples of the c 2 -c 6 fluorene hydrocarbon group include, but are not limited to, an ethyl fluorenyl group, a fluorenyl group, and a stilbene hydrocarbon group.
  • C 4 -C 8 conjugated hydrocarbon group means a straight or branched, substituted or unsubstituted conjugated hydrocarbon group having 4 to 8 carbon atoms. C 4 -C 2 .
  • conjugated hydrocarbyl groups include, but are not limited to, conjugated dihydrocarbyl groups.
  • C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl or "C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl hydrocarbyl” refers to a hydrocarbyl group of a 3-7 membered monocyclic ring system having a saturated or unsaturated ring, a C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl group or
  • the cycloaliphatic group may be a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopropenyl group, and a cyclohexyl group.
  • aryl C r C 6 alkyl refers to a heteroatom-free aryl C r C 6 alkyl group.
  • aryl refers to a monocarbocyclic aryl group or a fused or non-fused polycarbocyclic aryl group containing 6 to 14 (eg, 6 to 12, 6 to 20) carbon atoms, in a multicarbocyclic ring. In the case, as long as one carbon ring is aromatic.
  • the aryl group also includes an aryl group fused to a heterocyclic group. Examples of the aryl group are a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthyl group, a 2.3-dihydrobenzofuranyl group and the like.
  • heteroaryl refers to an aromatic ring group containing from 1 to 4 heteroatoms (e.g. 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms) as a ring member. Heteroatoms refer to nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur.
  • the heteroaryl group may be a monocyclic heteroaryl group having 5 to 7 ring atoms or a bicyclic heteroaryl group having 7 to 11 ring atoms. As long as one ring of the bicyclic aryl group is an aromatic heterocyclic ring, the other may be aromatic or non-aromatic, hetero atom-containing or hetero atom-free.
  • heteroaryl group examples include, for example, pyrrolyl group, pyrazolyl group, imidazolyl group, oxazolyl group, pyridyl group, pyrimidinyl group, furyl group, thienyl group, isoxazolyl group, fluorenyl group and the like.
  • heterocyclyl refers to a non-aromatic cyclic group containing from 1 to 4 heteroatoms (e.g., 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms) as ring members. Heteroatoms refer to nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur.
  • the heterocyclic group may be a monocyclic heterocyclic group having 4 to 8 ring atoms (for example, a 4-7 membered ring, a 5-7 membered ring, a 5-6 membered ring), or a double ring having 7 to 1 ring atoms. Heterocyclic group.
  • the heterocyclic group may be aromatic or non-aromatic.
  • heterocyclic groups are azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrrolinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, dihydrofuranyl, piperazinyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, tetrahydropyran Base, tetrahydrothiol and the like.
  • amino acid refers to both natural and unnatural amino acids.
  • halogen means fluoro, chloro, bromo or iodo.
  • dc 6 alkoxy refers to -O-cc 6 alkyl and -oc 3 -c 6 cycloalkyl.
  • dc 6 alkylthio refers to -S-cc 6 alkyl and -sc 3 -c 6 cycloalkyl.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable admixtures and complexes of the compounds of formula (I) refers to products in which the compounds of the present invention are further combined with other small molecules or biomacromolecules by non-chemical or non-covalent intramolecular forces.
  • the term "pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of formula (I)” refers to organic acid salts of the compounds of the invention with pharmaceutically acceptable anionic organic acids, including but not Restricted to tosylate, mesylate, malate, acetate, citrate, malonate, tartrate, succinate, benzoate, ascorbate, lactate, alpha-ketone Glutarates and alpha-glycerol phosphates; suitable inorganic salts may also be formed, including but not limited to hydrochlorides, sulfates, nitrates, bicarbonates and carbonates, phosphates, hydrobromides, hydrogens Iodate and the like.
  • compositions can be obtained using standard procedures well known in the art, for example, by the addition of a sufficient amount of a basic compound and a suitable pharmaceutically acceptable anion.
  • polymorph refers to the solid crystalline form of a compound of the invention or a complex thereof. Different polymorphs of the same compound may exhibit different physical, chemical and/or spectral properties. Different physical properties include, but are not limited to, stability (eg, for heat or light), compressibility and density (important for formulation and product production), and dissolution rate (which can affect bioabsorbability and availability).
  • Differences in stability can result in chemical reactivity (eg, differential oxidation, such that when formulated from one polymorph, fades faster than when formed from another polymorph) or mechanical properties (eg, as storage) Changes in the kinetically favorable polymorphic tablet granules converted to thermodynamically more stable polymorphs) or both (for example, a polymorphic tablet is more susceptible to breakage at high humidity) .
  • the different physical properties of polymorphs can affect their processing. For example, one polymorph may be more likely to form a solvate than the other or may be more difficult to filter or wash away than the other due to, for example, the shape or size distribution of its particles.
  • hydrate refers to a compound of the present invention or a salt thereof, which One step comprises stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric water bound by non-covalent intermolecular forces.
  • prodrug refers to a derivative that can be hydrolyzed, oxidized, or otherwise reacted under biological conditions (in vitro or in vivo) to provide a compound of the invention. Prodrugs undergo this reaction to become active compounds only under biological conditions, or they are active in their unreacted form. Prodrugs can generally be prepared using well-known methods, for example, 1 Burger's Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery (1995) 172-178, 949-982 (Manfred E.
  • the 25 chiral centers of the 5'-acylated acyl arabinosyl saponin I derivative of the present invention have a stereochemical structure represented by the structural formula of Formula I.
  • the definitions and conventions for stereochemistry used herein generally follow MCGRAW-HILL DICTIONARY OF CHEMICAL TERMS (SP Parker, Ed., McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1984); ELIEL, E. and WILEN, S., STEREOCHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1994).
  • Many organic compounds exist in optically active forms, i.e., they have the ability to rotate planes that are plane polarized.
  • treating generally refers to obtaining the desired pharmacological and/or physiological effects. This effect, in whole or in part, prevents the disease or its symptoms, may be prophylactic; and/or may be therapeutic based on partial or complete stabilization or cure of the disease and/or side effects due to the disease.
  • treatment covers any treatment for a patient's condition, including:
  • the compounds of the present invention can be prepared according to conventional organic chemical synthesis methods.
  • the general preparation method of the compound of the general formula (I) of the present invention is as follows:
  • the 5'-position acylated furanoarabinyl saponin I derivative (I; is hydrogen) can be isolated from the natural extract of the heavy saponin I and the corresponding organic acid R 2 C0 2 H, organic acid chloride R 2 COCl or organic
  • the acid anhydride (R 2 CO) 20 is condensed and esterified; or the organic acid R 2 C0 2 H is activated to form an intermediate, and then reacted with the heavy saponin I to form a 5,-position acylated furan arabinose heavy saponin I derivative (I; is hydrogen); can also activate the hydroxyl group of the furan arabinosyl group of saponin I to form an intermediate, and then react with the organic acid R 2 C0 2 H to form 5,-position acylated furan arabinose A saponin I derivative (I; is hydrogen).
  • R 2 in the formula (I) is the same as defined above in the formula (I).
  • the above reaction is generally carried out in the presence of an alkali or an alkaline reagent.
  • the base here may be, but is not limited to, an organic base.
  • Solvents used include, but are not limited to, aprotic polar solvents such as dichloromethane (DCM), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylformamide (DMF) or tetrahydrofuran (THF).
  • DCM dichloromethane
  • DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
  • DMF dimethylformamide
  • THF tetrahydrofuran
  • the reaction temperature of the above reaction is usually from 0 ° C to 50 ° C. It generally varies depending on the starting materials used and the base used.
  • the starting material for the preparation reaction is saponin I.
  • the raw material is obtained by extracting and separating natural products, and is also commercially available. All of the organic acids, organic anhydrides or organic acid chlorides from which the reaction is prepared can be purchased commercially.
  • Protecting groups are those groups which, once attached to an active moiety (e.g., a hydroxyl group or an amino group), prevent these moieties from being interfered by subsequent reactions and which can be removed by conventional methods after the reaction.
  • hydroxy protecting groups include, but are not limited to, alkyl, benzyl, decyl, trityl (ie, triphenylmethyl), acyl (eg, benzoyl, acetyl or HOOC-X).
  • X is an alkylene, a subchain fluorenyl, cycloalkylene or arylene group, a silyl group (for example, trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl and tert-butyl) Methylsilyl), alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl (eg, dimethylaminocarbonyl, methylethylaminocarbonyl, and phenylaminocarbonyl), alkoxymethyl, benzyloxymethyl, and alkyl armor base.
  • amino protecting group examples include, but are not limited to, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an alkanoyl group, an aryloxycarbonyl group, an aryl-substituted alkyl group, and the like. Hydroxy and amino protecting groups have been discussed in T. W. Greene and P. G.. M. Wuts, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 2nd Edition, John Wiley and Sons (1991). Both the base and the amino protecting group can be removed by a conventional method after the reaction.
  • the invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising Formula I of the invention.
  • the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one compound of the formula I of the present invention as described above, and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
  • Methods of preparing the pharmaceutical compositions include incorporation of suitable pharmaceutical excipients, carriers, diluents and the like.
  • the pharmaceutical preparation of the present invention is produced by a known method, including a conventional mixing, dissolving or lyophilizing method.
  • the compounds of the present invention can be formulated into pharmaceutical compositions and administered to a patient in a variety of routes suitable for the chosen mode of administration, e.g., orally or parenterally (by intravenous, intramuscular, topical or subcutaneous routes).
  • the compounds of the invention may be administered systemically, e.g., orally, in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier such as an inert diluent or an edible carrier. They can be enclosed in hard or soft gelatin capsules and can be compressed into tablets.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier such as an inert diluent or an edible carrier.
  • the active compound may be combined with one or more excipients and in the form of swallowable tablets, buccal tablets, tablets, capsules, elixirs, suspensions, syrups, wafers, and the like.
  • Such compositions and preparations should contain at least 0.1% of active compound.
  • the ratio of such compositions and formulations may of course vary and may range from about 1% to about 99% by weight of a given unit dosage form.
  • the amount of active compound is such that an effective dosage level can be obtained.
  • Tablets, lozenges, pills, capsules, and the like may also contain: a binder such as tragacanth, acacia, corn starch or gelatin; an excipient such as dicalcium hydroperoxide; a disintegrating agent such as corn Starch, potato starch, alginic acid, etc.; lubricants such as magnesium stearate; and sweeteners such as sucrose, fructose, lactose or aspartame; or flavorings such as mint, wintergreen or cherry.
  • a binder such as tragacanth, acacia, corn starch or gelatin
  • an excipient such as dicalcium hydroperoxide
  • a disintegrating agent such as corn Starch, potato starch, alginic acid, etc.
  • lubricants such as magnesium stearate
  • sweeteners such as sucrose, fructose, lactose or aspartame
  • flavorings such as mint, wintergreen or cherry.
  • any material used to prepare any unit dosage form should be pharmaceutically acceptable and substantially non-toxic in the amounts employed.
  • the active compound can be incorporated into a sustained release preparation and a sustained release device.
  • the active compound can also be administered intravenously or intraperitoneally by infusion or injection.
  • An aqueous solution of the active compound or a salt thereof, optionally a miscible non-toxic surfactant, can be prepared.
  • the pharmaceutical dosage form suitable for injection or infusion may comprise a sterile aqueous solution or dispersion of the active ingredient (optionally encapsulated in a liposome) comprising a ready-to-use preparation suitable for sterile injectable or infusible solutions or dispersions. Or sterile powder.
  • the final dosage form must be sterile, liquid, and stable under the conditions of manufacture and storage.
  • the liquid carrier can be a solvent or liquid dispersion medium including, for example, water, ethanol, polyol (for example, glycerol, propylene glycol, liquid polyethylene glycol, and the like), vegetable oils, non-toxic glycerides, and suitable mixtures thereof.
  • Appropriate fluidity can be maintained, for example, by liposome formation, by maintaining the desired particle size in the case of dispersing agents, or by the use of surfactants.
  • Microbial action can be prevented by various antibacterial and antifungal agents (e.g., parabens, chlorobutanol, phenol, sorbic acid, thimerosal, etc.).
  • isotonic agents such as sugars, buffers or sodium chloride.
  • Prolonged absorption of the injectable compositions can be brought about by the use of compositions which delay the absorbent (e.g., aluminum monostearate and gelatin).
  • Sterile injectable solutions are prepared by combining the required active compound in a suitable solvent with the various other ingredients listed above, followed by filter sterilization.
  • the preferred preparation methods are vacuum drying and lyophilization techniques which result in a powder of the active ingredient plus any additional ingredients present in the previously sterile filtration solution. .
  • Useful solid carriers include comminuted solids (e.g., talc, clay, microcrystalline cellulose, silica, alumina, etc.).
  • Useful liquid carriers include water, ethanol or ethylene glycol or a water-ethanol/ethylene glycol mixture, and the compounds of the present invention may be dissolved or dispersed in an effective amount, optionally with the aid of a non-toxic surfactant.
  • Adjuvants e.g., flavors
  • additional antimicrobial agents can be added to optimize the properties for a given use.
  • Thickeners can also be used with liquid carriers to form coatable pastes, gels, ointments. , soap, etc., used directly on the user's skin.
  • the therapeutic requirements of a compound or an active salt or derivative thereof depend not only on the particular salt selected, but also on the mode of administration, the nature of the disease to be treated, and the age and condition of the patient, ultimately depending on the attending physician or clinician decision.
  • unit dosage form is a unit dosage unit containing a physical dispersion unit suitable for administration to humans and other mammalian bodies.
  • the unit dosage form can be a capsule or tablet, or a lot of capsules or tablets.
  • the amount of the unit dose of the active ingredient may vary or be adjusted from about 0.1 to about 1000 mg or more, depending on the particular treatment involved.
  • the invention further provides the use of a compound of the invention or a composition comprising the compound for the preparation of a medicament, in particular an antitumor medicament. Accordingly, the invention provides a method of treating a tumor patient comprising administering to a patient in need of treatment a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of the invention.
  • the 5'-acylated acyl arabinosyl saponin I derivative of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be used for the treatment of various tumors.
  • leukemia multiple myeloma, lymphoma, liver cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, osteosarcoma, melanoma, prostate cancer, human cervical cancer, glioma, nasal Tumors such as pharyngeal cancer, laryngeal cancer, esophageal cancer, and middle ear tumors.
  • DMAP 4-dimethylaminopyridine
  • DIC 7V, 7V'-diisopropylcarbodiimide
  • saponin I 250 mg, 0.2924 mmol
  • 2-furancarboxylic acid 36 mg, 0.2924 mmol
  • 4-dimethylaminopyridine 7 mg, 0.0585 mmol
  • 7V, 7V'-diisopropylcarbodiimide 36.3 mg, 0.23 mmol
  • reaction mixture was concentrated and purified by silica gel chromatography elution elution elution elution elution elution elution elution elution elution elution elution elution -PP-10 (32.2 mg, yield: 11%).
  • BS-PP-03 LC-MS (ELSD): Retention time: 1.56 min (98.61%), m/z 989.15.
  • the same alkaline reagent and solvent are used to react the saponin I with isonicotinic acid
  • BS-PP-04 LC-MS (ELSD): Retention time: 1.30 min (97.7%), m/z 961.5 (M+H) 481.0 (1/2M+H).
  • the same basic reagent and solvent were used to react saponin I with p-fluorobenzoic acid to prepare compound BS-PP-06. :
  • BS-PP-06 LC-MS (ELSD): Retention time: 1.56 min (91.34%), m/z 977.3.
  • BS-PP-07 LC-MS (ELSD): Retention time: 1.37 min (99.21%), m/z 1003.4 (M+H), 502.0 (1/2M+H).
  • BS-PP-08 LC-MS (ELSD): Retention time: 1.57 min (98.87%), m/z 1018.3 (M+Na).
  • BS-PP-09 LC-MS (ELSD): Retention time: 1.53 min (99.01%), m/z 965.1.
  • BS-PP-11 LC-MS (ELSD): Retention time: 1.39 min (97.77%), m/z 897.3.
  • BS-PP-12 LC-MS (ELSD): Retention time: 1.45 min (99.44%), m/z 946.4 (M+Na).
  • Leukemia cell line leukemia cell line: K562/adr (resistant chronic myeloid leukemia,
  • CML CML
  • NB4 acute promyelocytic leukemia, AML
  • Kasumi-1 acute myeloid leukemia M2, AML-M2
  • saponin I (PP I ) standard was purchased from Chengdu Mansite Biotechnology Co., Ltd., the saponin I derivative of the present invention
  • 6000 well-grown leukemia cells were inoculated into the wells of a 96-well cell culture plate.
  • the culture broth was a 1640 cell culture medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum.
  • Add different concentrations of 5,-position acyl The furan arabinose-based heavy saponin I derivative was mixed and placed in a carbon dioxide (5% C0 2 ) cell incubator at 37 ° C for 72 hours.
  • the viable cell concentration was then determined by the MTT method.
  • the cell viability was set to 100% in the control group (without compound treatment), and cell viability (%) and 72-hour leukemia cell growth inhibition concentration (72-hour IC 5Q value and IC 9Q value) were calculated. .
  • Table 1 shows that the 5,-position acylated furanoarabinyl saponin I derivative of the present invention can induce cell death of human chronic myeloid leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphocytic leukemia and inhibit the growth of these leukemia cells, Compared with the saponin I itself, the 5,-position acylated furanoarabinyl saponin I derivative of the present invention has markedly enhanced anti-leukemia cell activity, wherein the saponin I derivative BS-PP-04 of the present invention, BS-PP-08, BS-PP-10, BS-PP-1 K BS-PP-12 activity is particularly obvious, and the activity of anti-K562/adr (resistant chronic myeloid leukemia, CML) is increased by nearly 2 times or more; , BS-PP-04, BS-PP-06, BS-PP-08, BS-PP-10, BS-PP-11 anti-NB4 (acute promyelocytic leukemia, AML
  • Table 1 Determination of growth inhibition concentration of leukemic cells, human multiple myeloma and lymphoma cells by 5,-position acylated furanoarabinosyl saponin I derivatives (72 hours, IC 5 (g/mL) value And IC 90 (g/mL) values).
  • Human solid tumor cell lines A549 (human lung cancer), SK-OV-3 (ovarian cancer cells), all purchased from the China Center for Type Culture Collection; RKO (human colon adenocarcinoma), MG-63 (osteosarcoma), All purchased from Shanghai Fuxiang Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; Hela (human cervical cancer cells), received from the Institute of Cancer Research, Zhejiang University.
  • Table 2 shows that the 5,-position acylated furanoarabinyl saponin I derivative of the present invention can induce human solid tumor cell death and inhibit the growth of these tumor cells, compared with the saponin I itself, 5 of the present invention,
  • the at-position acylated furanoarabinyl saponin I derivative is significantly enhanced against solid tumor cell activity, wherein the heavy saponin I derivative of the present invention BS-PP-04, BS-PP-08, BS-PP-10 BS-PP-1 BS-PP-12 is particularly active, and the activity against A549 (human lung cancer) is nearly doubled or more.
  • Table 2 Determination of the half-growth inhibition concentration of the 5,-position acylated furanoarabinyl saponin I derivative on human myeloma cells and solid tumor cells (72 hours, IC 5 (g/mL) value and IC 90 (g/mL) value)

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Abstract

本发明属于天然药物及药物化学领域并涉及通式I的新型5'-位酰化的呋喃阿拉伯糖基重楼皂苷I衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐,制备这些化合物的方法、包含该化合物的药物组合物及其在制备抗肿瘤药物中的用途。

Description

重楼皂苷 I的酰化衍生物、 及其制备方法和应用 技术领域
本发明属于天然药物及药物化学领域, 并涉及新型重楼皂苷 I衍 生物,特别是 5,-位酰化的呋喃阿拉伯糖基重楼皂苷 I衍生物,及制备这 些化合物的方法、包含该化合物的组合物及其在制备抗肿瘤药物中的用 途。 背景技术
重楼皂苷 I ( Polyphyllin l, 又称为 Polyphyllin D; 缩写为 PPD或 PP I ) 即 4-0-呋喃阿拉伯糖基 -2-0-吡喃鼠李糖基- β -D-吡喃葡萄糖基薯 蓣皂苷, 是从中药重楼(Paris Polyphylla ) , 又称七叶一枝花中提取出 的小分子单体。 重楼具有抗菌消炎, 止痛镇定及抗肿瘤的作用, 研究发 现其主要活性成分重楼皂苷 I主要以诱导细胞凋亡的方式发挥抗肿瘤 作用, 对多种肿瘤细胞抑制作用明显, 是一种有应用前景的天然药物。
有研究报道了以对鼻咽癌增敏作用明确的 DDP作为阳性对照, 观 察重楼皂苷 I对鼻咽癌 CNE-2细胞系放射敏感性的影响。 结果显示, 重 楼皂苷 I对 CNE-2细胞有增殖抑制作用,呈时间-剂量依赖性,对细胞系 有放射增敏作用, 且呈浓度依赖性。 (花永虹等, 重楼皂苷 I对鼻咽癌
CNE-2细胞体外放射敏感性的影响. 中华中医药学刊, 1 ]Λ , 19 1387.) 萧梅芳等人探讨了重楼皂苷 I在体外对人肝癌 SMMC-7721细胞株增 殖和凋亡的影响及相关机制。 研究显示, 重楼皂苷 I能时间和浓度依赖 性的抑制肝癌 SMMC-7721细胞的增殖, 可能是重楼皂苷 I通过阻滞肿 瘤细胞的生长及诱导细胞凋亡等机制, 从而抑制肝癌细胞的增殖。 (萧梅 芳等, 重楼皂苷 I对肝癌细胞的增殖及凋亡的影响. 生命科学研究.
2011, 15(6):519.)
在对重楼皂苷 I的研究中发现, 很少有文献报道对重楼皂苷 I上的 自由羟基进行修饰, 俞飚等人利用脂肪酶的催化作用, 制取了数个酰基 化的薯蓣皂苷类化合物, 包括对重楼皂苷 I上的阿拉伯糖基 3, 5位及 2, 5位上羟基进行双酰化, 但是在对得到的化合物抗肿瘤生物活性体外 筛选试验中发现, 所得到的化合物活性评价为无效或弱效。 (俞飚等, 薯 蓣皂苷的酰基化衍生物, 制备方法及用途. [P] CN 1322729A, 2001.)
本发明对重楼皂苷 I的 5'-位呋喃阿拉伯糖基进行了酰基化的修饰改 造, 得到的化合物抗肿瘤活性与重楼皂苷 I相比, 活性成倍提高, 这是 迄今为止所有国内外文献中尚未有过报道的, 因此, 此类化合物有望开 发成为可用于临床的抗肿瘤药物。 发明内容
本发明的目的之一是提供通式 (I)的新型 5,-位酰化的呋喃阿拉伯 糖基重楼皂苷 I衍生物或其药学上可接受的加成物, 复合物或者盐:
Figure imgf000003_0001
I 其中, 选自 H、 取代或无取代的 CrC6烷基、 取代或无取代的 C2-C6 浠烃基、取代或无取代的 c3-c7环烷基、取代或无取代的 c3-c7环浠烃基、 取代或无取代的芳基 CrC6烷基、 取代或无取代的杂环基、 取代或无取 代的杂芳基、 取代或无取代的 CrC6烷酰基或取代或无取代的芳酰基; R2选自 H、 取代或无取代的 CrC6烷基、 取代或无取代的 C2-C7浠烃基、 取代或无取代的 C3-C7环烷基、取代或无取代的 C3-C7环浠烃基、取代或 无取代的芳基、 取代或无取代的杂环基、 或取代或无取代的杂芳基; 所 述取代是被选自卤素、氨基、 - NH2-n(C C6烷基) n、 - NH2-n(C3-C6环烷基) n、 硝基、 氰基、 羟基、 三氟甲基、 d-C6烷氧基、 巯基或 d-C6烷硫基的一 个或多个取代基取代, 其中 n是选自 1或 2的整数。
本发明的目的之二是提供制备本发明通式( I )的 5,-位酰化的呋喃 阿拉伯糖基重楼皂苷 I衍生物的方法:
Figure imgf000004_0001
5'-位酰化的呋喃阿拉伯糖基重楼皂苷 I衍生物 (I; 为氢)可由天然 提取分离的重楼皂苷 I与相应的有机酸 R2C02H在有缩合剂或者催化剂 的存在下, 缩合酯化而成; 也可以由重楼皂苷 I与相应的有机酰氯
R2COCl或者有机酸酐 (R2CO)20在有缩合剂或者碱性试剂存在下, 缩合 酯化而成; 或者将有机酸 R2C02H活化生成中间体, 而后与重楼皂苷 I 反应生成 5'-位酰化的呋喃阿拉伯糖基重楼皂苷 I衍生物 (I; 为氢); 也 可以将重楼皂苷 I的呋喃阿拉伯糖基的羟基活化生成中间体, 而后与有 机酸 R2C02H反应生成 5'-位酰化的呋喃阿拉伯糖基重楼皂苷 I衍生物 (I;
为氢)。 式 (I)中 R2、 有机酸 R2C02H中 R2和有机酰氯 R2COCl中 R2与 上文在式 (I)中的定义相同。
本发明的目的之三是提供包含本发明化合物的药物组合物, 所述 药物组合物包括至少一种本发明化合物, 和任选的药学上可以接受的 赋形剂。
本发明的目的之四是提供本发明化合物或包含该化合物的药物组 合物在制备药物、 特别是抗肿瘤药物中的用途。 相应地, 本发明提供 一种治疗肿瘤患者的方法, 包括给予需要治疗的患者治疗有效量的至 少一种本发明的化合物。 所述肿瘤特别选自白血病、 多发性骨髓瘤、 淋巴瘤、 肝癌、 胃癌、 乳腺癌、 胆管细胞癌、 胰腺癌、 肺癌、 大肠癌、 骨肉瘤、 黑色素瘤、 人宫颈癌、 神经胶质瘤、 鼻咽癌、 喉癌、 食管癌、 中耳肿瘤、 前列腺癌等。
本发明还涉及用于治疗肿瘤的本发明的化合物。 具体实施方式
本发明涉及通式 (I)的新型 5,-位酰化的呋喃阿拉伯糖基重楼皂苷 I 衍生物或其药学上可接受的加成物, 复合物或者盐。
Figure imgf000005_0001
其中, 选自 H、 取代或无取代的 CrC6烷基、 取代或无取代的 C2-C6 浠烃基、取代或无取代的 C3-C7环烷基、取代或无取代的 C3-C7环浠烃基、 取代或无取代的芳基 CrC6烷基、 取代或无取代的杂环基、 取代或无取 代的杂芳基、 取代或无取代的 CrC6烷酰基或取代或无取代的芳酰基; R2选自 H、 取代或无取代的 CrC6烷基、 取代或无取代的 C2-C7浠烃基、 取代或无取代的 C3-C7环烷基、取代或无取代的 C3-C7环浠烃基、取代或 无取代的芳基、 取代或无取代的杂环基、 或取代或无取代的杂芳基; 所 述取代是被选自卤素、氨基、 - NH2-n(C C6烷基) n、 - NH2-n(C3-C6环烷基) n、 硝基、 氰基、 羟基、 三氟甲基、 d-C6烷氧基、 巯基或 d-C6烷硫基的一 个或多个取代基取代, 其中 n是选自 1或 2的整数。
在一种实施方式中, 本发明涉及通式 I的化合物, 其中 优选自 H。 R2优选自是取代或无取代的的芳基, 所述芳基是苯基。 R2CO选自相对 应的有机酸、 有机酰氯、 或有机酸酐。
在一种实施方式中, 本发明涉及通式 I的化合物, 其中 优选自 H。 R2优选自是取代或无取代的杂芳基, 所述杂芳基是含氮、 氧或硫杂原子 的五元或六元芳环基团; R2中杂芳基更优选为呋喃基、 噻吩基、 吡啶基 或吡咯基。 R2CO选自相对应的有机酸、 有机酰氯、 或有机酸酐。
在一种实施方式中,本发明涉及通式 I的化合物,其中 优选自 H。 R2优选自取代或无取代的 d-C6烷基、 取代或无取代的 C2-C7浠烃基、 取代或无取代的 C3-C7环烷基或取代或无取代的 C3-C7环浠烃基;更优选 为 R2是环丙基、 环戊基、 环己基、 环戊錄基、 环己錄基、 甲基、 乙基、 丙基、 异丙基、 正丁基、 异丁基、 叔丁基、 氨基丁基、 芳基甲基、 或芳 基乙基。 R2CO选自相对应的有机酸、 有机酰氯、 或有机酸酐。
在本发明多个实施方式中, 本发明涉及通式 I的化合物中 R2优被选 自卤素、 氨基、 - NH2-n(C C6 ½)n, - NH2-n(C3-C6环烷基) n、 硝基、 氰 基、 羟基、 三氟甲基、 d-C6烷氧基、 巯基或 d-C6烷硫基的一个或多个 取代基取代, 其中 n是 1或 2的整数; 所述取代基更优选为氟、 氯、 溴、 硝基、 氨基、 氰基、 甲氧基、 乙氧基、 丙氧基、 甲基、 乙基、 丙基、 异 丙基、 三氟甲基、 三氟甲氧基、 正丁基、 异丁基、 叔丁基、 甲胺基、 二 甲胺基、 乙胺基、 二乙胺基、 环丙胺基、 二环丙胺基、 甲硫基、 乙硫基、 丙石充基、 丁石充基。 R2CO选自相对应的有机酸、 有机酰氯、 或有机酸酐。
本发明的部分化合物如下所示。 所列化合物仅对本发明做例举说 明, 并不对本发明的范围构成任何限制。
Figure imgf000006_0001
BS-PP-03 9
Figure imgf000007_0001
S9l..0/CT0ZN3/X3d Cl9S8l/CT0Z OAV
Figure imgf000008_0001
BS-PP-15
上面所列化合物的部分数据如下表所示:
Figure imgf000008_0003
在另一种实 :
Figure imgf000008_0002
BS-PP-03
4-0-(5,-0-(4-甲氧苯甲酰基)呋喃阿拉伯糖基 -2-0-吡喃鼠李糖基- β -D-吡
Figure imgf000009_0001
BS-PP-04
-0-(5,-0-(4-吡啶甲酰基)呋喃阿拉伯糖基 -2-0-吡喃鼠李糖基- β -D-吡喃
Figure imgf000009_0002
BS-PP-05
-0-(5,-0-(4-三氟甲基苯甲酰基))呋喃阿拉伯糖基 -2-0-吡喃鼠李糖基- β
-D-吡喃葡萄糖基薯蓣皂苷
Figure imgf000010_0001
BS-PP-06
4-0-(5,-0-(4-氟苯曱酰基))呋喃阿拉伯糖基 -2-0-吡喃鼠李糖基- β -D-吡 喃葡萄糖基薯蓣皂苷
Figure imgf000010_0002
BS-PP-07
4-0-(5,-0-(4-二曱胺基苯甲酰基))呋喃阿拉伯糖基 -2-0-吡喃鼠李糖基- β
-D-吡喃葡萄糖基薯蓣皂苷
Figure imgf000011_0001
BS-PP-08
-0-(5,-0-(2,4-二氟苯甲酰基))呋喃阿拉伯糖基 -2-0-吡喃鼠李糖基- β -D-
Figure imgf000011_0002
BS-PP-09
-0-(5,-0-(2-噻吩曱酰基))呋喃阿拉伯糖基 -2-0-吡喃鼠李糖基- β -D-吡 喃葡萄糖基薯蓣皂苷
Figure imgf000012_0001
BS-PP-10
— 0-(5,-0-(2-呋喃甲酰基))呋喃阿拉伯糖基 -2-0-吡喃鼠李糖基- -D-吡 喃葡萄糖基薯蓣皂苷
Figure imgf000012_0002
BS-PP-11
-0-(5,-0-乙酰基)呋喃阿拉伯糖基 -2-0-吡喃鼠李糖基- β -D-吡喃葡萄糖 基薯蓣皂苷
Figure imgf000013_0001
BS-PP-12
4-0-(5,-0-环丙甲酰基)呋喃阿拉伯糖基 -2-0-吡喃鼠李糖基- β -D-吡喃葡
Figure imgf000013_0002
BS-PP-15
4-0-(5,-0-(2-氯 -4-氟苯甲酰基))呋喃阿拉伯糖基 -2-0-吡喃鼠李糖基- β
-D-吡喃葡萄糖基薯蓣皂苷。
本发明涉及以下形式的本发明的通式 (I)化合物: 它们的盐、 溶剂 化物、 水合物、 加成物、 复合物、 多晶型物或前药。
如本文所使用,术语 "CrC6烷基"是指含有 1-6个碳原子的直链或 支链、取代或无取代的烷烃基。 CrC6烷烃基的例子包括但不限于甲基、 乙基、 正丙基、 异丙基、 叔丁基、 正戊基、 正己基和正二十烷基。
术语" C2-C6浠烃基 "是指含有 2-6个碳原子的直链或支链、 取代或 无取代的浠烃基。 c2-c6浠烃基的例子包括但不限于乙浠基、 浠丙基、 和二十浠烃基。
术语" C4-C8共扼浠烃基"是指含有 4-8个碳原子的直链或支链、取 代或无取代的共扼浠烃基。 C4-C2。共扼浠烃基的例子包括但不限于共 扼丁二蟑烃基。
术语" C3-C7环烷基" 或 "C3-C7环浠烃基"是指具有饱和或不饱和 环的 3-7元单环系统的烃基, C3-C7环烷基或环稀基可以为环丙基、 环 丁基、 环戊基、 环己基、 环庚基、 环丙浠基和环浠己基。
术语"芳基 CrC6烷基"是指无杂原子的芳 CrC6烷基。
术语"芳基"是指含有 6-14个 (例如 6-12个、 6-20个)碳原子的 单碳环芳香基或稠合或非稠合的多碳环芳香基, 在多碳环的情况下, 只要一个碳环是芳香的即可。 芳基也包括与杂环基稠合的芳基。 所述 芳基的例子有苯基、 联苯基、 萘基、 5,6,7,8-四氢萘基、 2.3-二氢苯并 呋喃基等。
术语"杂芳基 "是指在环中含有 1-4个杂原子 (例如 1、 2、 3或 4 个杂原子)作为环成员的芳香环基团。 杂原子是指氮、 氧或硫。 杂芳 基可以是具有 5-7个环原子的单环杂芳基, 或者具有 7-11个环原子的双 环杂芳基。 所述双环芳基中只要一个环是芳香杂环即可, 另一个可以是 芳香的或非芳香的、 含杂原子的或不含杂原子的。 杂芳基的例子有例如 吡咯基、 吡唑基、 咪唑基、 噁唑基、 吡啶基、 嘧啶基、 呋喃基、 噻吩基、 异噁唑基、 吲哚基等。
术语"杂环基 "是指含有 1-4个杂原子 (例如 1、 2、 3或 4个杂原 子)作为环成员的非芳香环基团。 杂原子是指氮、 氧或硫。 杂环基可 以是具有 4-8个环原子的单环杂环基(例如 4-7元环、 5-7元环、 5-6 元环) , 或者具有 7-1 1 个环原子的双环杂环基。 杂环基可以是芳香 或非芳香的。 杂环基的例子有氮杂环丁基、 吡咯烷基、 吡咯啉基、 四 氢呋喃基、 二氢呋喃基、 哌嗪基、 哌啶基、 吗啉基、 硫代吗啉基、 四 氢吡喃基、 四氢噻喻基等。
术语"氨基酸 "是指天然氨基酸和非天然氨基酸。 术语"卤素"是指氟、 氯、 溴或碘。
术语" d-c6烷氧基 "是指 -0- c c6烷基和 -o-c3-c6环烷基。
术语" d-c6烷硫基 "是指 -S- c c6烷基和 -s-c3-c6环烷基。
术语"式 (I)化合物的药学上可以接受的加和物和复合物"是指本发 明的化合物进一步与其他小分子或生物大分子以非化学键或者非共 价分子间力结合的产物。
如本文所使用, 术语"通式 (I)化合物的药学上可以接受的盐" 是指 本发明的化合物与药学上可以接受的阴离子的有机酸形成的有机酸盐, 这些有机酸盐包括但不限于甲苯磺酸盐、 甲磺酸盐、苹果酸盐、 醋酸盐、 柠檬酸盐、 丙二酸盐、 酒石酸盐、 琥珀酸盐、 苯甲酸盐、 抗坏血酸盐、 乳酸盐、 α-酮戊二酸盐和 α-甘油磷酸盐; 也可形成合适的无机盐, 包括 但不限于盐酸盐、 硫酸盐、 硝酸盐、 碳酸氢盐和碳酸盐、 磷酸盐、 氢溴 酸盐、 氢碘酸盐等。
药学上可以接受的盐可使用本领域熟知的标准程序获得, 例如, 通 过将足量的碱性化合物和提供药学上可以接受的阴离子的合适的^ 应生成。
如本文所使用, 术语"多晶型物 "是指本发明的化合物或其复合物 的固体晶体形式。 相同化合物的不同的多晶型物可以显示不同的物 理、化学和 /或光谱性质。不同的物理性质包括但不限于稳定性(例如, 对热或光) 、 可压缩性和密度(对于配制制剂和产品生产是重要的) 和溶解速率(其可以影响生物吸收度和利用度) 。 稳定性的不同会造 成化学反应性(例如差异氧化, 使得当由一种多晶型物构成时比由另 一多晶型物构成时剂型更快地褪色)或机械性能(例如, 储存时作为 动力学有利的多晶型物的片剂碎末转化成热力学更加稳定的多晶型 物)或两者(例如, 一种多晶型物的片剂在高潮湿度时更加容易破碎) 中的变化。 多晶型物的不同的物理性质可以影响它们的加工。 例如, 一种多晶型物可能比另一种更可能形成溶剂化物或可能比另一种更 加难以过滤或洗去杂质, 这是由于例如其颗粒的形状或大小分布。
如本文所使用, 术语"水合物 "是指本发明的化合物或其盐, 其进 一步包含通过非共价分子间力结合的化学计量的或非化学计量的水。 如本文所使用, 除非另外说明, 术语"前药"是指可以在生物学条 件(体外或体内)下水解、 氧化或进行其他反应以提供本发明的化合 物的衍生物。 前药仅在生物学条件下经过该反应成为活性化合物, 或 者它们在它们不反应的形式中具有活性。 通常可以使用公知的方法制 备前药,例如 1 Burger's Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery (1995) 172-178, 949-982 (Manfred E. Wolff Editor,5th Edition) and J. Rautio's Prodrugs and Targeted Delivery (2011) 31-60 (Wiley-VCH, Methods and Principles in Medicinal Chemistry, Vol. 47) and G. Thomas's Fundamentals of Medicinal Chemistry (2003) 195-200(Wiley)中描述的 那些方法。
本发明的 5'-位酰化的呋喃阿拉伯糖基重楼皂苷 I衍生物的 25个手 性中心具有通式 I结构式所显示的立体化学结构。 本文使用的立体化 学的定义和约定一般遵循 MCGRAW-HILL DICTIONARY OF CHEMICAL TERMS (S. P. Parker, Ed., McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1984); ELIEL, E.和 WILEN, S., STEREOCHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1994)。 许多有机化合物以光学活性形式 存在, 即它们具有旋转平面偏光的平面的能力。
本文使用的术语"治疗"一般是指获得需要的药理和 /或生理效应。 该效应 居完全或部分地预防疾病或其症状, 可以是预防性的; 和 / 或根据部分或完全稳定或治愈疾病和 /或由于疾病产生的副作用,可以 是治疗性的。本文使用的"治疗"涵盖了对患者疾病的任何治疗, 包括:
(a)预防易感染疾病或症状但还没诊断出患病的患者所发生的疾病或 症状; (b)抑制疾病的症状, 即阻止其发展; 或 (c)緩解疾病的症状, 即, 导致疾病或症状退化。
本发明的化合物可以按照常规的有机化学合成方法制备。 例如, 本 发明的通式 (I)化合物的通用制备方法如下:
Figure imgf000017_0001
5'-位酰化的呋喃阿拉伯糖基重楼皂苷 I衍生物 (I; 为氢)可由天然 提取分离的重楼皂苷 I与相应的有机酸 R2C02H、有机酰氯 R2COCl或者 有机酸酐 (R2CO)20缩合酯化而成;或者将有机酸 R2C02H活化生成中间 体, 而后与重楼皂苷 I反应生成 5,-位酰化的呋喃阿拉伯糖基重楼皂苷 I 衍生物 (I; 为氢); 也可以将重楼皂苷 I的呋喃阿拉伯糖基的羟基活化 生成中间体,而后与有机酸 R2C02H反应生成 5,-位酰化的呋喃阿拉伯糖 基重楼皂苷 I衍生物 (I; 为氢)。通式 (I)中 R2与上文在式 (I)中的定义相 同。
上述反应一般在有碱或碱性试剂存在下进行。这里碱可以是但不局限 于有机碱。 例如二异丙基乙基胺, 三乙胺, 二甲基胺基吡啶。
上述反应一般在溶剂中进行。使用的溶剂包括但不局限于非质子极性 溶剂, 例如二氯甲烷(DCM ) , 二甲基亚砜(DMSO ) 、 二甲基甲酰胺 ( DMF )或四氢呋喃 (THF )等。
上述反应的反应温度一般为 0 °C至 50 °C。 一般随所用的反应原料以 及碱的不同而变化。
制备反应的原料是重楼皂苷 I。该原料是由天然产物提取分离而得到, 也可以在市场上购买获得。 制备反应的有机酸、 有机酸酐或有机酰氯全部可以在市场上购买获 付。
常规的化学转换可用于实施本发明。 本领域的技术人员可以决定 用于这些化学转换的适当的化学试剂、 溶剂、 保护基和反应条件。 相 关信息描述于 R. Larock , Comprehensive Organic Transformations , VCH Publishers (1989); T. W. Greene and P.G.M. Wuts , Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis , 3rd Ed. , John Wiley and Sons(1999); L. Fieser and M. Fieser , Fieser and Fieser 's Reagents for Organic Synthesis, John Wiley and Sons(1994); L. A. Paquette editor Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis, John Wiley and Sons(1995)及其后来的版本。 保护基指那些一旦连接活性部分 (例如, 羟基或氨基), 防止这些 部分被后来的反应干扰并可在反应后通过常规的方法去除的基团。 羟 基保护基的例子包括但不限于,烷基、苯甲基、浠丙基、三苯甲基 (即, 三苯基甲基)、 酰基 (例如, 苯甲酰基、 乙酰基或 HOOC-X"-CO-, X" 为亚烷基、 亚链浠基、 亚环烷基或亚芳基)、 甲硅烷基 (例如, 三甲基 甲硅烷基、 三乙基甲硅烷基和叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)、 烷氧基羰基、 氨基羰基 (例如, 二甲基氨基羰基、 甲基乙氨基羰基和苯基氨基羰基)、 烷氧甲基、 苯甲氧甲基和烷基巯甲基。 氨基保护基的例子包括但不限 于, 烷氧基羰基、 烷酰基、 芳氧基羰基、 芳基取代的烷基等。 羟基和 氨基保护基已在 T.W. Greene and P.G..M. Wuts , Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis , 2nd Edition, John Wiley and Sons(1991)中讨论。 、 基和氨基保护基都可在反应后通过常规的方法去除。 本发明还提供了包含本发明通式 I的药物组合物。
本发明提供了这样的药物组合物, 其中包含至少一种如上所述的 本发明的式 I的化合物, 和任选的药学上可以接受的赋形剂。
制备各种含有一定量的活性成分的药物组合物的方法是已知的,
REMINGTON'S PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, Martin, E.W., ed., Mack Publishing Company, 19th ed. (1995)所述。制备所述药物组合物的方法 包括掺入适当的药学赋形剂、 载体、 稀释剂等。
以已知的方法制造本发明的药物制剂, 包括常规的混合、 溶解或 冻干方法。
本发明的化合物可以制成药物组合物, 并向患者以适于选定的施用 方式的各种途径施用, 例如口服或肠胃外 (通过静脉内、 肌内、 局部或 皮下途径) 。
因此, 本发明的化合物结合药学上可以接受的载体(如惰性稀释剂 或可食用的载体)可以全身施用, 例如, 口服。 它们可以封闭在硬或软 壳的明胶胶嚢中, 可以压为片剂。 对于口服治疗施用, 活性化合物可以 结合一种或多种赋形剂, 并以可吞咽的片剂、颊含片剂、 含片、胶嚢剂、 酏剂、 悬浮剂、 糖浆、 圆片等的形式使用。 这种组合物和制剂应该包含 至少 0.1%的活性化合物。 这种组合物和制剂的比例当然可以变化, 可以 占给定的单位剂型重量的大约 1%至大约 99%。 在这种治疗有用的组合 物中, 活性化合物的量使得能够获得有效剂量水平。
片剂、 含片、 丸剂、 胶嚢剂等也可以包含: 粘合剂, 如黄蓍胶、 阿 拉伯胶、 玉米淀粉或明胶; 赋形剂, 如碑酸氢二钙; 崩解剂, 如玉米淀 粉、 马铃薯淀粉、 藻酸等; 润滑剂, 如硬脂酸镁; 和甜味剂, 如蔗糖、 果糖、 乳糖或阿司帕坦; 或调味剂, 如薄荷、 冬青油或樱桃香味。 当单 位剂型是胶嚢时, 除了上面类型的材料, 它还可以包含液体载体, 如植 物油或聚乙二醇。 各种其他材料可以存在, 作为包衣, 或以其他方式改 变固体单位剂型的物理形式。 例如, 片剂、 丸剂或胶嚢剂可以用明胶、 蜡、 虫胶或糖等包衣。 糖浆或酏剂可以包含活性化合物, 蔗糖或果糖作 为甜味剂, 对羟苯甲酸甲酯或对羟苯甲酸丙酯作为防腐剂, 染料和调味 剂 (如樱桃香料或桔子香料) 。 当然, 用于制备任何单位剂型的任何材 料应该是药学上可以接受的且以应用的量基本上无毒。 此外, 活性化合 物可以掺入緩释制剂和緩释装置中。
活性化合物也可以通过输注或注射到静脉内或腹膜内施用。 可以制 备活性化合物或其盐的水溶液, 任选可混和的无毒的表面活性剂。 也可 以制备在甘油、 液体聚乙二醇、 甘油三乙酸酯及其混合物以及油中的分 散剂。 在普通的储存和使用条件下, 这些制剂包含防腐剂以防止微生物 生长。
适于注射或输注的药物剂型可以包括包含适于无菌的可注射或可 输注的溶液或分散剂的即时制剂的活性成分(任选封装在脂质体中) 的 无菌水溶液或分散剂或无菌粉末。 在所有情况下, 最终的剂型在生产和 储存条件下必须是无菌的、 液体的和稳定的。 液体载体可以是溶剂或液 体分散介质, 包括, 例如水、 乙醇、 多元醇(例如, 甘油、 丙二醇、 液 体聚乙二醇等) 、 植物油、 无毒的甘油酯及其合适的混合物。 可以维持 合适的流动性, 例如, 通过脂质体的形成, 通过在分散剂的情况下维持 所需的粒子大小, 或通过表面活性剂的使用。 可以通过各种抗细菌剂和 抗真菌剂 (如对羟苯甲酸酯、 氯丁醇、 苯酚、 山梨酸、 硫柳汞等)产生 预防微生物的作用。 在许多情况下, 优选包括等渗剂, 如糖、 緩冲剂或 氯化钠。 通过使用延緩吸收剂的组合物 (例如, 单硬脂酸铝和明胶)可 以产生可注射的组合物的延长吸收。
通过将合适的溶剂中的需要量的活性化合物与需要的上面列举的 各种其他成分结合, 然后进行过滤灭菌, 制备无菌可注射溶液。 在用于 制备无菌注射溶液的无菌粉末的情况下, 优选的制备方法是真空干燥和 冷冻干燥技术, 这会产生活性成分加上任何另外需要的以前无菌过滤溶 液中存在的成分的粉末。
有用的固体载体包括粉碎的固体(如滑石、 粘土、 微晶纤维素、 二 氧化硅、 氧化铝等)。 有用的液体载体包括水、 乙醇或乙二醇或水 -乙醇 /乙二醇混合物,本发明的化合物可以任选在无毒的表面活性剂的帮助下 以有效含量溶解或分散在其中。 可以加入佐剂 (如香味)和另外的抗微 生物剂来优化对于给定用途的性质。
增稠剂 (如合成的聚合物、 脂肪酸、 脂肪酸盐和酯、 脂肪醇、 改性 纤维素或改性无机材料)也可和液体载体用于形成可涂覆的糊剂、凝胶、 软膏、 肥皂等, 直接用于使用者的皮肤上。 化合物或其活性盐或衍生物的治疗需要量, 不仅取决于选择的特定 的盐, 而且取决于施药方式、待治疗的疾病的本质和患者的年龄和状态, 最终取决于在场医师或临床医生的决定。
上述制剂可以以单位剂型存在, 该单位剂型是含有单位剂量的物 理分散单元, 适于向人体和其它哺乳动物体给药。 单位剂型可以是胶 嚢或片剂, 或是很多胶嚢或片剂。 根据所涉及的具体治疗, 活性成分 的单位剂量的量可以在大约 0.1到大约 1000毫克或更多之间进行变化 或调整。
本发明还提供本发明的化合物或包含该化合物的组合物在制备药 物、 特别是抗肿瘤药物中的用途。 相应地, 本发明提供一种治疗肿瘤 患者的方法, 包括给予需要治疗的患者治疗有效量的至少一种本发明 的化合物。 本发明的 5'-位酰化的呋喃阿拉伯糖基重楼皂苷 I衍生物或 其药学上可接受的盐可用于治疗多种肿瘤。 例如: 白血病、 多发性骨 髓瘤、 淋巴瘤、 肝癌、 胃癌、 乳腺癌、 胆管细胞癌、 胰腺癌、 肺癌、 大肠癌、 骨肉瘤、 黑色素瘤、 前列腺癌、 人宫颈癌、 神经胶质瘤、 鼻 咽癌、 喉癌、 食管癌、 中耳肿瘤等肿瘤。
在下列实施例中, 将更加具体地解释本发明。 但应理解, 下列实 施例旨在说明本发明而不对本发明的范围构成任何限制。 的合成方法获得 实施例 1: 化合物 (BS-PP-10)的合成
Figure imgf000021_0001
BS-PP-10
式中, DMAP: 4-二甲氨基吡啶; DIC: 7V,7V'-二异丙基碳二亚胺 向四氢呋喃 ( 4 mL )溶液中加入重楼皂苷 I (250 mg, 0.2924 mmol), 随后加入 2-呋喃甲酸( 36 mg, 0.2924 mmol ) , 4-二甲氨基吡啶( 7 mg, 0.0585 mmol ) 。 体系冷却至 0°C后, 逐滴加入 7V,7V'-二异丙基碳二亚胺 ( 36.3 mg, 0.23 mmol ) , 反应液室温搅拌 2小时。 反应结束后, 将反应 液浓缩, 经硅胶色语柱 ( DCM: MeOH = 50: 1 )纯化分离后再经制备薄 层色谱 (DCM: MeOH = 20: 1)纯化, 得到灰白色粉末状固体化合物 BS-PP-10 ( 32.2 mg, 收率: 11% ) 。
LC-MS (ELSD): 保留时间: 1.47 min (96.16%); m/z 972.3 (M+Na).
lR NMR (301 MHz, partial assignment of signals in CD3OD) δ 7.58 (dd, J = 1.8, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (dd, J= 3.6, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 6.52 (dd, J= 3.3, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 5.28 (s, 1H), 5.17 (d, J= 1.5 Hz, 1H), 4.96 (d, J= 2.1 Hz, 1H), 4.33 (s, 1H), 4.31 (d, J= 7.5 Hz, 1H), 4.22 (d, 2H), 4.05 - 3.97 (m, 3H), 3.87 - 3.83 (m, 2H), 2.31 (m, 1H), 2.20 (m, 1H), 1.17 (d, J= 6.0 Hz, 3H), 0.94 (s, 3H), 0.88 (d, J= 6.9 Hz, 3H), 0.71 (d, J= 4.2 Hz, 6H). 按照制备 BS-PP-10的方法, 使用同样的碱性试剂和溶剂, 将重楼皂苷 I与对甲氧基苯甲酸反应, 制备了化合物 BS-PP-03:
BS-PP-03: LC-MS (ELSD): 保留时间: 1.56 min (98.61%), m/z 989.15. lR NMR (301 MHz, partial assignment of signals in CD3OD) δ 8.03 (d, J = 9 Hz, 2H), 7.01 (d, J= 8.7 Hz, 2H), 5.34 (d, J= 4.5 Hz, 1H), 5.30 (s, 1H), 5.08 (d, J= 1.8 Hz, 1H), 4.16 - 4.08 (m, 3H), 4.00 - 3.97 (m, 2H), 2.44 (m, 1H), 2.33 (m, 1H), 1.27 (d, J= 6.0 Hz, 6H), 1.03 (s, 3H), 0.97 (d, J= 6.0 Hz, 4H), 0.80 (d, 7H). 按照制备 BS-PP-10的方法, 使用同样的碱性试剂和溶剂, 将重楼皂苷 I与异烟酸反应, 制备了化合物 BS-PP-04:
BS-PP-04: LC-MS (ELSD): 保留时间: 1.30 min (97.7%), m/z 961.5 (M+H) 481.0 (1/2M+H).
lR NMR (301 MHz, partial assignment of signals in CD3OD) δ 8.79 (s, 2H), 7.99 (d, J= 3.6 Hz, 2H), 5.38 (d, J= 4.8 Hz, 1H), 5.30 (s, 1H), 5.07 (d, J= 1.8 Hz, 1H), 2.41 (m, 1H), 2.29 (m, 1H), 1.29 (d, J= 5.4 Hz, 6H), 1.04 (s 3H), 0.99 (d, J= 6.9 Hz, 4H), 0.81 (d, 7H). 按照制备 BS-PP-10的方法, 使用同样的碱性试剂和溶剂, 将重楼皂苷 I与 4- (三氟甲基) 苯甲酸反应, 制备了化合物 BS-PP-05:
BS-PP-05: LC-MS (ELSD): 保留时间: 1.67 min (99.01%), m/z 1027.12. lR NMR (301 MHz, partial assignment of signals in CD3OD) δ 8.23 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.81 (d, J= 8.4 Hz, 2H), 5.37 (d, J= 4.2 Hz, 1H), 5.29 (s, 1H), 5.09 (d, J= 2.1 Hz, 1H), 4.15 - 3.95 (m, 5H), 2.41 (m, 1H), 2.29 (m, 1H), 1.29 (d, J= 6 Hz, 6H), 1.03 (s, 3H), 0.99 (d, J= 6.9 Hz, 4H), 0.82 (d, 7H). 按照制备 BS-PP-10的方法, 使用同样的碱性试剂和溶剂, 将重楼皂苷 I与对氟苯甲酸反应, 制备了化合物 BS-PP-06:
BS-PP-06: LC-MS (ELSD): 保留时间: 1.56 min (91.34%), m/z 977.3.
lR NMR (301 MHz, partial assignment of signals in CD3OD) δ 8.12 (dd, J = 9 Hz, 5.4 Hz, 2H), 7.20 (t, J= 8.7 Hz, 2H), 5.38 (d, J= 5.7 Hz, 1H), 5.28 ( s, 1H), 5.06 (d, J= 2.1 Hz, 1H), 4.15 - 4.07 (m, 3H), 3.95 (m, 6H), 2.40 (m, 1H), 2.32 (m, 1H), 1.29 (d, J= 6.0 Hz, 6H), 1.03 (s, 3H), 0.99 (d, J= 6.9 Hz, 4H), 0.80 (d, 7H). 按照制备 BS-PP-10的方法, 使用同样的碱性试剂和溶剂, 将重楼皂苷 I与间二甲氨基苯甲酸反应, 制备了化合物 BS-PP-07:
BS-PP-07: LC-MS (ELSD): 保留时间: 1.37 min (99.21%), m/z 1003.4 (M+H), 502.0 (1/2M+H).
lll NMR (301 MHz, partial assignment of signals in CD3OD) δ 7.41 (m, 2H), 7.34 (t, J= 2.1 Hz, 1H), 6.96 (dd, J= 8.1 Hz, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 5.37 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H), 5.24 (s, 1H), 5.08 ( d, J= 2.1 Hz, 1H), 2.99 (s, 6H), 2.49 (m, 1H), 2.28 (m, 1H), 1.28 (d, J= 6.0 Hz, 6H), 1.03 (s, 3H), 0.99 (d, J= 6.9 Hz, 4H), 0.78 (d, 7H). 按照制备 BS-PP-10的方法, 使用同样的碱性试剂和溶剂, 将重楼皂苷 I与 2,4-二氟苯甲酸反应, 制备了化合物 BS-PP-08:
BS-PP-08: LC-MS (ELSD): 保留时间: 1.57 min (98.87%), m/z 1018.3 (M+Na).
!H NMR (301 MHz, partial assignment of signals in CD3OD) δ 8.00 (m, 1H), 7.00 (m, 1H), 6.92 (m, 1H), 5.31 (d, J= 5.1 Hz, 1H), 5.22 (s, 1H), 5.01 (d, J= 2.4 Hz, 1H), 2.35 (m, 1H), 2.25 (m, 1H), 1.24 (d, J= 6.3 Hz, 6H), 0.98 (s, 3H), 0.92 (d, J= 6.9 Hz, 4H), 0.75 (d, 7H). 按照制备 BS-PP-10的方法, 使用同样的碱性试剂和溶剂, 将重楼皂苷 I与 2-噻吩甲酸反应, 制备了化合物 BS-PP-09:
BS-PP-09: LC-MS (ELSD): 保留时间: 1.53 min (99.01%), m/z 965.1.
lR NMR (301 MHz, partial assignment of signals in CD3OD) δ 7.87 (dd, J = 3.6 Hz, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.66 (dd, J= 5.1 Hz, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (m, 1H), 5.37 (d, J= 5.1 Hz, 1H), 5.28 (s, 1H), 5.05 (d, J= 2.1 Hz, 1H), 2.40 (m, 1H), 2.29 (m, 1H), 1.27 (d, J= 6.3 Hz, 6H), 1.03 (s, 3H), 0.99 (d, J= 6.9 Hz, 4H), 0.80 (d, 7H). 按照制备 BS-PP-10的方法, 使用同样的碱性试剂和溶剂, 将重楼皂苷 I与乙酸反应, 同时得到化合物 BS-PP-11 :
BS-PP-11: LC-MS (ELSD): 保留时间: 1.39 min (97.77%), m/z 897.3.
lR NMR (301 MHz, partial assignment of signals in CD3OD) δ 5.36 (d, J = 4.5 Hz, 1H), 5.24 (s, 1H), 5.03 (d, J= 2A Hz, 1H), 2.40 (m, 1H), 2.33 (m, 1H), 2.10 (s, 3H), 1.28 (d, J= 6.0 Hz, 6H), 1.04 (s, 3H), 0.99 (d, J= 6.9 Hz, 4H), 0.81 (d, 7H). 按照制备 BS-PP-10的方法, 使用同样的碱性试剂和溶剂, 将重楼皂苷 I与环丙烷甲酸反应, 制备了化合物 BS-PP-12:
BS-PP-12: LC-MS (ELSD): 保留时间: 1.45 min (99.44%), m/z 946.4 (M+Na).
lR NMR (301 MHz, partial assignment of signals in CD3OD) δ 5.37 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H), 5.25 (s, 1H), 5.04 (d, J= 2.1 Hz, 1H), 2.40 (m, 1H), 2.29 (m, 1H), 1.29 (d, J= 6.3 Hz, 6H), 1.03 (s, 3H), 0.99 (d, J= 6.9 Hz, 4H), 0.80 (d, 7H). 按照制备 BS-PP-10的方法, 使用同样的碱性试剂和溶剂, 将重楼皂苷 I与 2-氯 -4-氟苯甲酸反应, 制备了化合物 BS-PP-15:
BS-PP-15: LC-MS (ELSD): 保留时间: 1.61 min (99.10%), m/z 1011.2. !H NMR (301 MHz, partial assignment of signals in CD3OD) δ 8.02 (m, 1H), 7.25 (dd, J= 8.4 Hz, 2.4Hz, 1H), 7.14 (m, 1H), 5.37 (d, J= 4.5 Hz, 1H) 5.26 (s, 1H), 5.07 (d, J= 2.1 Hz, 1H), 2.39 (m, 1H), 2.28 (m, 1H), 1.29 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 6H), 1.02 (s, 3H), 0.99 (d, J= 6.6 Hz, 4H), 0.79 (d, 7H). 实施例 2: 本发明的 5,-位酰化的呋喃阿拉伯糖基重楼皂苷 I衍生物抗白 血病的活性测定
(1) 实验材料
白血病细胞株: 白血病细胞株: K562/adr (耐药慢性髓系白血病,
CML)、 NB4 (急性早幼粒细胞白血病, AML)、 Kasumi-1 (急性髓系白血 病 M2型, AML-M2), 以上细胞系均受赠于浙江大学肿瘤研究所。
试剂: 重楼皂苷 I (PP I )标准品购自成都曼斯特生物科技有限公 司, 本发明的重楼皂苷 I衍生物
主要仪器: Thermo Scientific 3111细胞培养箱, Bio-Rad iMark酶标 仪。
(2) 实验方法
取生长良好的白血病细胞 6000个, 接种到 96孔细胞培养板孔内。 培养液为含 10%胎牛血清的 1640细胞培养液。 加入不同浓度的 5,-位酰 化的呋喃阿拉伯糖基重楼皂苷 I衍生物,混匀后,置于二氧化碳 ( 5% C02 ) 细胞培养箱 37 °C培养 72小时。 然后用 MTT法测定活细胞浓度。 在本 实验中对照组(不加化合物处理) 细胞活力设为 100%, 并计算出化合 物作用后细胞活力 (%)和 72小时白血病细胞半数生长抑制浓度 (72小 时 IC5Q值和 IC9Q值)。
(3) 实验结果
实验结果见表 1。表 1显示本发明的 5,-位酰化的呋喃阿拉伯糖基重 楼皂苷 I衍生物能诱导人慢性髓系白血病、 急性髓系白血病和急性淋巴 细胞白血病细胞死亡和抑制这些白血病细胞生长, 与重楼皂苷 I本身比 较,本发明的 5,-位酰化的呋喃阿拉伯糖基重楼皂苷 I衍生物抗白血病细 胞活性明显增强,其中本发明的重楼皂苷 I衍生物 BS-PP-04、 BS-PP-08, BS-PP-10, BS-PP-1 K BS-PP-12活性尤为明显, 抗 K562/adr (耐药慢性 髓系白血病, CML) 活性提高近 2倍或以上;此外, BS-PP-04、BS-PP-06、 BS-PP-08、 BS-PP-10、 BS-PP-11抗 NB4 (急性早幼粒细胞白血病, AML) 细胞株活性提高也近 2倍或以上。
表 1: 5,-位酰化的呋喃阿拉伯糖基重楼皂苷 I衍生物对白血病细胞, 人多发性骨髓瘤和淋巴瘤细胞生长抑制浓度测定(72小时, IC5。( g/mL) 值和 IC90( g/mL)值) 。
Figure imgf000026_0001
表 2 (续) NB4
化合物 ic50 IC90
PP I 1.84 6.75
BS-PP-03 1.13 1.96
BS-PP-04 0.91 3.85
BS-PP-06 0.79 4.09
BS-PP-07 1.09
BS-PP-08 0.85 1.90
BS-PP-09 1.11 3.92
BS-PP-10 0.83 2.82
BS-PP-11 0.94 2.48
BS-PP-12 1.22 3.96
BS-PP-15 1.19 3.40 实施例 3: 本发明的 5,-位酰化的呋喃阿拉伯糖基重楼皂苷 I衍生物抗人 实体瘤作用测定
(1) 实验材料
人实体瘤细胞株: A549(人肺癌)、 SK-OV-3(卵巢癌细胞), 均购自 中国典型培养物保藏中心; RKO(人结肠腺癌细胞)、 MG-63(骨肉瘤), 均 购自上海复祥生物科技有限公司; Hela (人宫颈癌细胞), 受赠于浙江大 学肿瘤研究所。
试剂: 同实施例 2
主要仪器: Thermo Scientific 3111细胞培养箱, Bio-Rad iMark酶标 仪。
(2) 实验方法
取生长良好的人实体瘤细胞 4000个,接种到 96孔细胞培养板孔内。 培养液为含 10%胎牛血清的 DMEM高糖细胞培养液。置于二氧化碳( 5% C02 )细胞培养箱 37。C培养 24小时, 然后, 加入不同浓度的 5,-位酰化 的呋喃阿拉伯糖基重楼皂苷 I衍生物,混匀后,继续置二氧化碳( 5%C02 ) 细胞培养箱 37 °C培养 72小时。 然后用 MTT法测定活细胞浓度, 并计 算出药物作用后细胞活力(%)。 在本实验中对照组(不加化合物处理) 细胞活力设为 100%。 (3) 实验结果
实验结果见表 2。表 2显示本发明的 5, -位酰化的呋喃阿拉伯糖基重 楼皂苷 I衍生物能诱导人实体瘤细胞死亡和抑制这些肿瘤细胞生长, 与 重楼皂苷 I本身比较, 本发明的 5,-位酰化的呋喃阿拉伯糖基重楼皂苷 I 衍生物抗实体瘤细胞活性明显增强, 其中本发明的重楼皂苷 I衍生物 BS-PP-04, BS-PP-08, BS-PP-10, BS-PP-1 BS-PP-12活性尤为明显, 抗 A549(人肺癌)活性提高近两倍或以上。
表 2: 5,-位酰化的呋喃阿拉伯糖基重楼皂苷 I衍生物对人骨髓瘤细 胞及实体瘤细胞半数生长抑制浓度测定( 72小时, IC5。( g/mL)值和 IC90 ( g/mL)值 )
Figure imgf000028_0001
t t
Figure imgf000029_0001
Figure imgf000029_0005
Figure imgf000029_0004
Figure imgf000029_0002
Figure imgf000029_0003

Claims

权利要求书
1. 通式 (I)的 5'-位酰化的呋喃阿拉伯糖基重楼皂苷 I衍生物或其药 学上可接受的盐,
Figure imgf000030_0001
其中, 选自 H、取代或无取代的 CrC6烷基、取代或无取代的 C2-C6 浠烃基、取代或无取代的 C3-C7环烷基、取代或无取代的 C3-C7环浠烃基、 取代或无取代的芳基 CrC6烷基、 取代或无取代的杂环基、 取代或无取 代的杂芳基、 取代或无取代的 CrC6烷基酰基或取代或无取代的芳基酰 基; R2选自 H、 取代或无取代的 CrC6烷基、 取代或无取代的 C2-C6浠 烃基、 取代或无取代的 C3-C7环烷基、 取代或无取代的 C3-C7环浠烃基、 取代或无取代的芳基、取代或无取代的杂环基、取代或无取代的杂芳基; 所述取代是被选自卤素、 氨基、 - NH2-n(C C6¾)n, - NH2-n(C3-C7环烷 基) n、 硝基、 氰基、 羟基、 三氟甲基、 d-C6烷氧基、 巯基或 d-C6烷硫 基的一个或多个取代基取代, 其中 n是选自 1或 2的整数。
2. 根据权利要求 1的 5'-位酰化的呋喃阿拉伯糖基重楼皂苷 I衍生物 或其药学上可接受的盐, 其中 ^是
3. 根据权利要求 1或 2的 5'-位酰化的呋喃阿拉伯糖基重楼皂苷 I 衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐, 其中 R2是取代或无取代的的芳基, 所述 芳基是苯基。
4. 根据权利要求 1或 2的 5'-位酰化的呋喃阿拉伯糖基重楼皂苷 I 衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐, 其中 R2是取代或无取代的杂芳基, 所述 杂芳基是含氮、 氧或硫杂原子的五元或六元芳环基团。
5. 根据权利要求 4的 5'-位酰化的呋喃阿拉伯糖基重楼皂苷 I衍生物 或其药学上可接受的盐, 其中杂芳基为呋喃基、 噻吩基或吡啶基。
6. 根据权利要求 1或 2的 5'-位酰化的呋喃阿拉伯糖基重楼皂苷 I 衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐, 其中 R2是取代或无取代的 CrC6烷基、 取代或无取代的 c2-c6浠烃基、取代或无取代的 c3-c7环烷基或取代或无 取代的 c3-c7环浠烃基。
7. 根据权利要求 6的 5'-位酰化的呋喃阿拉伯糖基重楼皂苷 I衍生物 或其药学上可接受的盐, 其中 R2是环丙基或甲基。
8. 根据权利要求 3-5任一项的 5'-位酰化的呋喃阿拉伯糖基重楼皂 苷 I衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐, 其中 R2被选自卤素、 氨基、 - NH^d-Ce烷基) n、 - NH2-n(C3-C7环烷基) n、 硝基、 氰基、 羟基、 三氟甲 基、 d-C6烷氧基、 巯基或 d-C6烷硫基的一个或多个取代基取代, 其中 n是 1或 2的整数。
9. 根据权利要求 8的 5'-位酰化的呋喃阿拉伯糖基重楼皂苷 I衍生物 或其药学上可接受的盐, 其中所述取代基为氟、 氯、 甲氧基、 三氟甲基 或二甲氨基。
10. 根据权利要求 1的 5'-位酰化的呋喃阿拉伯糖基重楼皂苷 I衍生 物或其药学上可接受的盐, 选自下述化合物:
Figure imgf000032_0001
BS-PP-03
-0-(5,-0-(4-甲氧苯甲酰基)呋喃阿拉伯糖基 -2-0-吡喃鼠李糖基- β -D-吡 喃葡萄糖基薯蓣皂苷;
Figure imgf000032_0002
BS-PP-04
-0-(5,-0-(4-吡啶甲酰基)呋喃阿拉伯糖基 -2-0-吡喃鼠李糖基- β -D-吡喃 葡萄糖基薯蓣皂苷;
Figure imgf000033_0001
BS-PP-05
-0-(5,-0-(4-三氟甲基苯甲酰基))呋喃阿拉伯糖基 -2-0-吡喃鼠李糖基- β
-D-吡喃葡萄糖基薯蓣皂苷;
Figure imgf000033_0002
BS-PP-06
-0-(5,-0-(4-氟苯甲酰基))呋喃阿拉伯糖基 -2-0-吡喃鼠李糖基- β -D-吡 喃葡萄糖基薯蓣皂苷;
Figure imgf000034_0001
BS-PP-07
-0-(5,-0-(4-二甲胺基苯曱酰基))呋喃阿拉伯糖基 -2-0-吡喃鼠李糖基- β
-D-吡喃葡萄糖基薯蓣皂苷;
Figure imgf000034_0002
BS-PP-08
-0-(5,-0-(2,4-二氟苯曱酰基))呋喃阿拉伯糖基 -2-0-吡喃鼠李糖基- β -D- 吡喃葡萄糖基薯蓣皂苷;
Figure imgf000035_0001
BS-PP-09
-0-(5,-0-(2-噻吩曱酰基))呋喃阿拉伯糖基 -2-0-吡喃鼠李糖基- β -D-吡 喃葡萄糖基薯蓣皂苷;
Figure imgf000035_0002
BS-PP-10
-0-(5,-0-(2-呋喃甲酰基))呋喃阿拉伯糖基 -2-0-吡喃鼠李糖基- β -D-吡 喃葡萄糖基薯蓣皂苷;
Figure imgf000036_0001
BS-PP-11
-0-(5,-0-乙酰基)呋喃阿拉伯糖基 -2-0-吡喃鼠李糖基- β -D-吡喃葡萄糖 基薯蓣皂苷; 或
Figure imgf000036_0002
BS-PP-12
-0-(5,-0-环丙甲酰基)呋喃阿拉伯糖基 -2-0-吡喃鼠李糖基- β -D-吡喃葡 萄糖基薯蓣皂苷;
Figure imgf000037_0001
BS-PP-15
4-0-(5,-0-(2-氯 -4-氟苯甲酰基))呋喃阿拉伯糖基 -2-0-吡喃鼠李糖基- β
-D-吡喃葡萄糖基薯蓣皂苷。
11. 一种制备权利要求 1-10任一项的通式(I )化合物的方法
Figure imgf000037_0002
包括将重楼皂苷 I与相应的有机酸 R2C02H在有缩合剂或者催化剂 的存在下, 缩合酯化; 或者由重楼皂苷 I与相应的有机酰氯 R2COCl或 位酰化的呋喃阿拉伯糖基重楼皂苷 I衍生物,式 (I)中 R2、有机酸 R2C02H 中 R2和有机酰氯 R2COCl中 R2与权利要求 1-10中的定义相同。
12. 一种药物组合物, 其中包含权利要求 1-10中任一项的 5,-位酰 化的呋喃阿拉伯糖基重楼皂苷 I衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐和任选 的药学上可以接受的赋形剂。
13. 权利要求 1-10中任一项的 5,-位酰化的呋喃阿拉伯糖基重楼皂 苷 I衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备抗肿瘤药物中的用途。
14. 一种治疗肿瘤患者的方法, 包括给予需要治疗的患者治疗有 效量的根据权利要求 1-10任一项的 5'-位酰化的呋喃阿拉伯糖基重楼皂 苷 I衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐。
15. 作为抗肿瘤治疗剂的权利要求 1-10任一项的 5,-位酰化的呋 喃阿拉伯糖基重楼皂苷 I衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐。
16. 居权利要求 13、 14或 15的用途、 方法或 5'-位酰化的呋喃 阿拉伯糖基重楼皂苷 I衍生物, 其中, 所述肿瘤选自白血病、 多发性 骨髓瘤、 淋巴瘤、 肝癌、 胃癌、 乳腺癌、 胆管细胞癌、 胰腺癌、 肺癌、 大肠癌、 骨肉瘤、 人宫颈癌、 神经胶质瘤、 鼻咽癌、 喉癌、 食管癌、 中耳肿瘤、 黑色素瘤和前列腺癌。
PCT/CN2013/077165 2012-06-13 2013-06-13 重楼皂苷i的酰化衍生物、及其制备方法和应用 WO2013185613A1 (zh)

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