WO2013183490A1 - 電解液、これに含まれるエステル化合物の製造方法及びリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
電解液、これに含まれるエステル化合物の製造方法及びリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- VEMUSDGTYJAZKO-CMDGGOBGSA-N COC(/C=C(\C(OC)=O)/N1CCCCC1)=O Chemical compound COC(/C=C(\C(OC)=O)/N1CCCCC1)=O VEMUSDGTYJAZKO-CMDGGOBGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VWZGYLIIHGXQEV-HWKANZROSA-N COC(/C=C(\C(OC)=O)/OCC(F)(F)F)=O Chemical compound COC(/C=C(\C(OC)=O)/OCC(F)(F)F)=O VWZGYLIIHGXQEV-HWKANZROSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C07D207/20—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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- C07D211/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D211/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms with radicals containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms attached to ring carbon atoms
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- C07D295/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
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- C07D295/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
- C07D295/145—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals with the ring nitrogen atoms and the carbon atoms with three bonds to hetero atoms attached to the same carbon chain, which is not interrupted by carbocyclic rings
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
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- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
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- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a lithium secondary battery having a high capacity, particularly excellent in cycle characteristics for use in a high temperature environment, and having a long life, an electrolytic solution used therefor, and a method for producing an ester compound contained therein.
- Lithium secondary batteries are widely used in portable electronic devices and personal computers, and are required to be smaller and lighter.
- lithium secondary batteries have high energy density that can be used for high-performance electronic devices and electric vehicles. It is required to suppress the accompanying deterioration, have excellent cycle characteristics, and have a long life.
- a positive electrode active material layer containing a positive electrode active material formed on a current collector and a negative electrode active material layer containing a negative electrode active material are arranged to face each other with a separator therebetween.
- a charge / discharge cycle is performed when the electrode active material reversibly stores and releases lithium ions by being immersed in an electrolytic solution and housed in an exterior body.
- the negative electrode active material layer containing silicon has a large volume expansion / contraction due to charge / discharge, and the product generated by the reaction with the electrolytic solution becomes fine powder from the negative electrode active material layer due to repeated charge / discharge.
- the battery capacity may be reduced.
- a battery using silicon or silicon oxide as a negative electrode active material particularly when used in a high temperature environment of 45 ° C. or higher, the capacity of the battery is greatly reduced, and deterioration tends to be remarkable in the laminated laminate type battery.
- Patent Document 1 carbon material particles, negative electrodes containing silicon particles and silicon oxide particles (Patent Document 1), and silicon dioxide particles dispersed with silicon are used.
- Patent Document 2 A negative electrode (Patent Document 2) using particles having a carbon coating has been reported.
- the cycle characteristics are improved by adding a specific substance to the electrolytic solution to be used.
- a battery using an electrolytic solution containing a cyclic acid anhydride such as succinic anhydride or glutaric anhydride maleic anhydride and a cyclic carbonate derivative having a halogen atom Patent Document 3
- Patent Document 4 a battery using an electrolytic solution containing a cyclic acid anhydride such as succinic anhydride or glutaric anhydride maleic anhydride and a cyclic carbonate derivative having a halogen atom
- Patent Document 4 a battery using an electrolytic solution containing a cyclic acid anhydride such as succinic anhydride or glutaric anhydride maleic anhydride and a cyclic carbonate derivative having a halogen atom
- Patent Document 4 Lithium secondary batteries are required to have a higher capacity, to suppress a decrease in capacity, to improve cycle characteristics, and to have a longer life when used in a high temperature environment.
- An object of the present invention is an electrolytic solution that has a high capacity, and suppresses a decrease in capacity, improves cycle characteristics, and can realize a long-life lithium secondary battery, particularly for use in a high temperature environment. It is in providing the manufacturing method of the ester compound contained in the lithium secondary battery using this, and electrolyte solution.
- the present invention is an ester compound represented by the formula (1)
- R 1 represents an optionally substituted alkoxy group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms or an optionally substituted alkylamino group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms
- R 2 , R 3 independently relates to an electrolyte solution containing a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- the present invention provides a lithium secondary battery having a positive electrode active material layer containing a positive electrode active material, a negative electrode active material layer containing a negative electrode active material, and an electrolytic solution soaking them, wherein the electrolyte is represented by the formula ( Ester compound represented by 1)
- R 1 represents an optionally substituted alkoxy group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms or an optionally substituted alkylamino group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms
- R 2 , R 3 independently represents a lithium secondary battery comprising a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- the present invention also provides an active proton compound represented by the formula (2) R 1 —H (2) (Wherein R 1 represents an optionally substituted alkoxy group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms or an optionally substituted alkylamino group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms); Acetylenedicarboxylic acid diester represented by 3)
- R 1 shows the same group as R 1 in formula (2), R 2, R 3 in. Showing the same groups as R 2, R 3 in the formula (3)) to obtain the present invention
- the present invention relates to a method for producing an ester compound.
- the electrolytic solution of the present invention has a high capacity, and can suppress a decrease in capacity, improve cycle characteristics, and provide a long-life lithium secondary battery, particularly when used in a high temperature environment. .
- negative electrode terminal 110 assembled battery (lithium secondary battery)
- the lithium secondary battery of the present invention has a positive electrode active material layer containing a positive electrode active material, a negative electrode active material layer containing a negative electrode active material, and an electrolytic solution for immersing them.
- the negative electrode active material layer is not particularly limited as long as it contains a negative electrode active material capable of reversibly occluding and releasing lithium ions during charge and discharge. Specifically, the negative electrode active material is bonded to the negative electrode. The thing which has the structure bound on the negative electrode collector with the adhesive agent can be mentioned.
- silicon-type material examples include silicon, silicon oxides, silicates, silicon compounds of silicon and transition metals such as nickel and cobalt, and the like.
- the silicon compound has an action of relaxing expansion and contraction due to repeated charge and discharge of the negative electrode active material, and is preferable as the negative electrode active material.
- silicon oxide is preferable as the silicon compound.
- the silicon oxide is represented by SiOx (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2).
- the silicon oxide may contain Li, and is represented by, for example, SiLiyOz (y> 0, 2>z> 0).
- the silicon oxide containing one or more elements selected from nitrogen, boron, and sulfur can suppress a decrease in the electrical conductivity of the negative electrode active material layer, thereby improving the current collection rate. Since it can plan, it is preferable.
- the content of one or more elements selected from nitrogen, boron and sulfur in the silicon oxide is 0.1 to 5% by mass, which suppresses a decrease in energy density of the negative electrode active material layer and collects current. It is preferable because the improvement of the property can be achieved.
- the silicon-based material preferably contains both simple silicon and a silicic compound, and it is particularly preferable to use silicon oxide as the silicon compound. These have different lithium ion charge / discharge potentials as a negative electrode active material. Specifically, silicon has a lower charge / discharge potential of lithium ions than silicon oxide, and in a negative electrode active material layer containing these, Lithium ions can be gradually released as the voltage changes, and rapid volume shrinkage of the negative electrode active material layer due to lithium ions being released at a specific potential at a time can be suppressed.
- a method for producing a negative electrode active material containing these simple silicon and silicon oxide for example, it can be produced by a method in which simple silicon and silicon oxide are mixed and sintered under high temperature and reduced pressure.
- a compound of transition metal and simple silicon for example, a method of mixing and melting simple silicon and the transition metal, and a method of coating the surface of simple silicon by vapor deposition or the like are listed. It is done.
- a carbon material is included as the negative electrode active material because cycle characteristics and safety are high and continuous charge characteristics are also excellent.
- the carbon material include coke, acetylene black, mesophase micro beads, and graphite.
- those obtained by coating these carbon materials with an organic substance such as pitch and then firing, and those obtained by forming amorphous carbon on the surface using a CVD method or the like can be suitably used as the carbon materials. .
- organic substances used for coating include coal tar pitch from soft pitch to hard pitch; coal heavy oil such as dry distillation liquefied oil; straight heavy oil such as atmospheric residual oil and vacuum residual oil; crude oil Decomposed heavy oil such as naphtha that is by-produced during thermal decomposition, for example, petroleum heavy oil such as ethylene heavy end.
- coal heavy oil such as dry distillation liquefied oil
- straight heavy oil such as atmospheric residual oil and vacuum residual oil
- crude oil Decomposed heavy oil such as naphtha that is by-produced during thermal decomposition
- a solid residue obtained by distilling these heavy oils at 200 to 400 ° C. and pulverized to 1 to 100 ⁇ m can be used.
- a vinyl chloride resin, a phenol resin, an imide resin, etc. can be used for the coating of the carbon material.
- a negative electrode active material it is preferable to include a carbon material in addition to silicon and silicon oxide because volume expansion / contraction due to charging / discharging of the negative electrode active material is reduced and conductivity is ensured.
- the carbon material used together with silicon and silicon oxide include graphite, amorphous carbon, diamond-like carbon, and carbon nanotube. Highly crystalline graphite has high electrical conductivity, is flat, and has excellent adhesion to the current collector.
- amorphous carbon with low crystallinity has a small volume change accompanying charging / discharging, deterioration of the negative electrode active material layer by charging / discharging can be suppressed.
- the content of silicon and silicon oxide in the negative electrode active material is preferably 5% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less, and more preferably 40% by mass or more and 70% by mass or less.
- the content of the carbon material is preferably 2% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less, and more preferably 2% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less.
- the average particle diameter of the silicon oxide is smaller than the average particle diameter of the carbon material.
- the average particle diameter of the silicon oxide is preferably 1 ⁇ 2 or less of the average particle diameter of the carbon material.
- the average particle diameter of silicon is smaller than the average particle diameter of silicon oxide.
- the average particle diameter of silicon is preferably 1 ⁇ 2 or less of the average particle diameter of silicon oxide.
- the average particle size of silicon is preferably 20 ⁇ m or less, for example, because it can ensure contact with the current collector, and more preferably 15 ⁇ m or less.
- the carbon material When the carbon material is included together with these silicon and silicon oxide as the negative electrode active material, it may be contained as each particle, but these are preferably formed as a composite.
- the composite is preferably a composite in which a silicon oxide is present around a silicon cluster and the surface thereof is covered with carbon.
- silicon oxide As the above composite, it is preferable that all or part of silicon is dispersed in silicon oxide.
- dispersing at least a part of silicon in silicon oxide volume expansion as a whole of the negative electrode can be further suppressed, and decomposition of the electrolytic solution can also be suppressed.
- the average particle diameter of silicon dispersed in the silicon oxide include several nanometers to several hundred nanometers.
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- EDX measurement energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurement
- the content of silicon in the composite is preferably 5% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less, and more preferably 20% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less.
- the content of the silicon oxide in the composite is preferably 5% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less, and more preferably 40% by mass or more and 70% by mass or less.
- the content of the carbon material in the composite is preferably 2% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less, and more preferably 2% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less.
- Examples of the method for producing a composite having a carbon film in which silicon is dispersed in the amorphous silicon oxide include a method in which particulate silicon oxide, silicon and a carbon material are mixed by mechanical milling.
- These composites can be formed by a method of mixing the precursor resin.
- particles used in these methods particles having the same average particle diameter as described above can be used.
- the negative electrode active material a material obtained by treating the surface of the composite with a silane coupling agent may be used.
- the negative electrode active material may contain a metal other than silicon or a metal oxide.
- the metal other than silicon include metals capable of forming an alloy with lithium, and capable of releasing lithium ions from the lithium alloy during discharging and forming the lithium alloy during charging.
- Specific examples include aluminum, lead, tin, indium, bismuth, silver, barium, calcium, mercury, palladium, platinum, tellurium, zinc, and lanthanum. These can select 1 type (s) or 2 or more types. Of these, tin is preferred.
- the metal oxide as the negative electrode active material include aluminum oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, zinc oxide, and lithium oxide, and these can be used alone or in combination of two or more. . These metal oxides are preferably used together with the above metals, and in particular, when used together with the same metal as the metal contained in the metal oxide, occlusion / release of lithium ions is performed at different potentials during charging and discharging, It is preferable to use a tin oxide together with the tin because a rapid volume change of the negative electrode active material layer can be suppressed.
- metal oxides preferably have at least a part of an amorphous structure.
- the metal oxide has an amorphous structure, pulverization of the negative electrode active material layer can be suppressed and reaction with the electrolytic solution can be suppressed.
- the negative electrode active material layer having an amorphous structure it is considered that elements due to non-uniformity such as defects and crystal grain boundaries included in the crystal structure are reduced, and non-uniform volume change is suppressed.
- the metal contained in the metal oxide is dispersed in such a metal oxide.
- the particle size of the negative electrode active material is not particularly limited, but is usually 1 ⁇ m or more, preferably 15 ⁇ m or more, and usually 50 ⁇ m in terms of excellent battery characteristics such as initial charging efficiency, rate characteristics, and cycle characteristics. Hereinafter, it is preferably about 30 ⁇ m or less.
- Examples of the negative electrode binder that binds the negative electrode active material include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, and styrene-butadiene copolymer.
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- Polymerized rubber, polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyimide, polyamideimide, polyacrylic acid and its salt, carboxymethylcellulose and its salt, and the like can be used. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of the binder for the negative electrode used is 5 to 25 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the negative electrode active material from the viewpoints of “sufficient binding force” and “higher energy” which are in a trade-off relationship It is preferable.
- the negative electrode current collector may be any material that supports the negative electrode active material layer including the negative electrode active material integrated by the binder and has electrical conductivity that enables electrical connection with the external terminal.
- copper, nickel, SUS or the like can be used. Among these, copper is preferable from the viewpoint of cost and easy processing.
- the current collector is preferably subjected to a roughening treatment in advance. Examples of the shape include foils, flat plates, meshes, perforated types such as expanded metal and punching metal.
- the negative electrode can be produced by applying and drying a negative electrode active material layer coating solution in which a negative electrode active material and a negative electrode binder are slurried with a solvent on a negative electrode current collector.
- the coating method include a doctor blade method and a die coater method.
- the negative electrode active material layer material can be formed by CVD, sputtering, or the like, or the negative electrode active material can be formed into a sheet electrode by roll molding or formed as a pellet electrode by compression formation.
- a thin film of aluminum, nickel, or an alloy thereof may be formed by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering to form a negative electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode active material layer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a positive electrode active material that has a structure in which the positive electrode active material is bonded onto the positive electrode current collector by a positive electrode binder.
- the positive electrode active material releases lithium ions into the electrolytic solution during charging and occludes lithium from the electrolytic solution during discharging, and is layered such as LiMnO 2 and Li x Mn 2 O 4 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2).
- a positive electrode active material can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- the positive electrode binder that binds and integrates the positive electrode active material specifically, the same negative electrode binder as that described above can be used.
- the positive electrode binder polyvinylidene fluoride is preferable from the viewpoint of versatility and low cost.
- the amount of the positive electrode binder used is preferably 2 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the positive electrode active material.
- the content of the positive electrode binder is 2 parts by mass or more, the adhesion between the active materials or between the active material and the current collector is improved, and the cycle characteristics are improved.
- the substance ratio is improved and the positive electrode capacity can be improved.
- a conductive auxiliary material may be added for the purpose of reducing the impedance of the positive electrode active material.
- the conductive auxiliary material carbonaceous fine particles such as graphite, carbon black, and acetylene black can be used.
- the positive electrode current collector may be any material that supports the positive electrode active material layer including the positive electrode active material integrated by the binder and has conductivity that enables conduction with the external terminal.
- aluminum, silver, or the like can be used.
- the positive electrode can be produced on a positive electrode current collector using a positive electrode active material layer material containing a positive electrode active material and a positive electrode binder.
- a method for manufacturing the positive electrode active material layer a method similar to the method for manufacturing the negative electrode active material layer can be used.
- the electrolytic solution is obtained by dissolving the electrolyte in a non-aqueous organic solvent capable of immersing the positive electrode and the negative electrode and dissolving lithium ions so that lithium can be absorbed and released in the positive electrode and the negative electrode during charging and discharging.
- the solvent of the electrolytic solution is stable at the operating potential of the battery and has a low viscosity so that the electrode can be immersed in the usage environment of the battery.
- cyclic carbonates such as propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), butylene carbonate (BC), vinylene carbonate (VC); dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethyl methyl carbonate ( Aprotic organic solvents such as chain carbonates such as EMC) and dipropyl carbonate (DPC); propylene carbonate derivatives; aliphatic carboxylic acid esters such as methyl formate, methyl acetate, and ethyl propionate; .
- ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), butylene carbonate (BC), vinylene carbonate (VC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethyl methyl carbonate (MEC), dipropyl carbonate Cyclic or chain carbonates such as (DPC) are preferred.
- the solvent further contains a fluorinated ether compound.
- the fluorinated ether compound has a high affinity with silicon and improves cycle characteristics (particularly capacity retention).
- the fluorinated ether compound may be a fluorinated chain ether compound obtained by substituting a part of hydrogen of a non-fluorinated chain ether compound with fluorine, or a non-fluorinated cyclic ether compound.
- a fluorinated cyclic ether compound in which a part is substituted with fluorine may be used.
- Non-fluorinated chain ether compounds include dimethyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, diethyl ether, methyl propyl ether, ethyl propyl ether, dipropyl ether, methyl butyl ether, ethyl butyl ether, propyl butyl ether, dibutyl ether, methyl pentyl ether, ethyl pentyl ether.
- Non-fluorinated chain monoether compounds such as propylpentyl ether, butyl pentyl ether, dipentyl ether; 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME), 1,2-diethoxyethane (DEE), ethoxymethoxyethane (EME), 1,2-dipropoxyethane, propoxyethoxyethane, propoxymethoxyethane, 1,2-dibutoxyethane, butoxypropoxyethane, butoxyethoxyethane Butoxy methoxyethane, 1,2-pentoxy ethane, can be cited pentoxy butoxy ethane, pent propoxy ethane, pentoxy ethoxy ethane, a non-fluorinated chain diether compounds such as pentoxy methoxyethane.
- Non-fluorinated cyclic ether compounds include ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, oxetane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 3-methyltetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, 2-methyltetrahydropyran, 3-methyltetrahydropyran, 4-methyltetrahydropyran, etc.
- Non-fluorinated cyclic monoether compounds 1,3-dioxolane, 2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane, 4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane, 1,4-dioxane, 2-methyl-1,4-dioxane, 1,3-dioxane, 2-methyl-1,3-dioxane, 4-methyl-1,3-dioxane, 5-methyl-1,3-dioxane, 2,4-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane, 4- Non-fluorinated cyclic die such as ethyl-1,3-dioxane It can be exemplified Le compounds.
- fluorinated chain ether compounds having good stability are more preferred.
- H- (CX 1 X 2 -CX 3 X 4 ) n -CH 2 O-CX 5 X 6 -CX 7 X 8 -H The thing represented by these is preferable.
- n represents 1, 2, 3 or 4
- X 1 to X 8 independently represent a fluorine atom or a hydrogen atom.
- at least one of X 1 to X 4 represents a fluorine atom
- at least one of X 5 to X 8 represents a fluorine atom.
- a lithium salt As an electrolyte contained in the electrolytic solution, a lithium salt is preferable.
- the lithium salt include LiPF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiAlCl 4 , LiClO 4 , LiBF 4 , LiSbF 6 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiC 4 F 9 SO 3 , Li (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 , LiN ( CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 and the like.
- the concentration of the electrolyte in the electrolytic solution is preferably 0.01 mol / L or more and 3 mol / L or less, more preferably 0.5 mol / L or more and 1.5 mol / L or less.
- concentration is within this range, safety can be improved, and a battery having high reliability and contributing to reduction of environmental load can be obtained.
- the above electrolyte is an ester compound represented by the formula (1)
- the ester compound represented by the formula (1) is formed into a polymer on the negative electrode active material layer by a polymerization reaction caused by an unsaturated bond on the surface of the negative electrode active material layer as the battery is charged and discharged.
- This polymer coating allows lithium ions to permeate and inhibits the permeation of the solvent of the electrolyte, thereby suppressing the reaction between the negative electrode active material layer and the electrolyte and suppressing the decrease in battery capacity due to repeated charge and discharge. can do.
- R 1 represents an optionally substituted alkoxy group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms or an optionally substituted alkylamino group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms; 2 and R 3 independently represent a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- the alkoxy group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms represented by R 1 may be linear or branched, may have a ring, or may have an unsaturated bond. Good.
- Examples of the substituent of the alkoxy group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms represented by R 1 include a fluorine atom, a halogen atom such as a chlorine atom, a cyano group, a nitro group, and an oxy group.
- the alkylamino group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms represented by R 1 may be linear or branched, may have a ring, and has an unsaturated bond. Also good. Particularly preferred are dialkylamino groups having 2 to 12 carbon atoms and those in which two alkyl groups are bonded to form a ring. Examples of the substituent for the alkylamino group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms represented by R 1 include an oxy group.
- R 2 and R 3 independently represent a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms represented by R 2 and R 3 may be linear or branched, but is preferably a methyl group.
- ester compound represented by formula (1) examples include compounds represented by formulas (5) to (16), in which an alkoxy group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms represented by R 1 has 1 to 9 fluorine atoms as a substituent. What is shown can be mentioned as preferred.
- ester compound represented by the formula (1) specifically, the alkoxy group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms represented by R 1 has a substituent other than a fluorine atom, and the formulas (17) to (23) Can be mentioned as preferred.
- R 1 is an alkylamino group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms which may have a substituent. ) Can be mentioned as preferred.
- the ester compound represented by the formula (1) is an active proton compound represented by the formula (2) R 1 -H (2) (Wherein R 1 represents an optionally substituted alkoxy group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms or an optionally substituted alkylamino group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms); Acetylenedicarboxylic acid diester represented by the formula (3)
- R 1 represents the same group as R 1 in formula (2)
- R 2, R 3 is. Showing the same groups as R 2, R 3 in the formula (3)) to obtain the It can be manufactured by a method.
- R 1 represents an optionally substituted alkoxy group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms or an optionally substituted alkylamino group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms.
- an alkoxy group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms which may have a substituent represented by R 1 or an alkylamino group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms which may have a substituent may be specifically specifically the may include the same as those wherein R 1 in the formula (1) represents the formula (3) in, R 2, R 3 are carbon atoms which may have a substituent group represented 1
- Specific examples of the alkyl group of ⁇ 12 include the same groups as those represented by R 2 and R 3 in formula (1).
- Examples of the active proton compound represented by the formula (2) include alcohols having 2 to 12 carbon atoms and secondary amines having 2 to 12 carbon atoms.
- the alcohol having 2 to 12 carbon atoms may be linear or branched, may have a ring, may have an unsaturated bond, and its substituent. Examples thereof include a halogen atom such as a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom, a cyano group, a nitro group, or an oxy group.
- the secondary amine having 2 to 12 carbon atoms may be linear or branched, may have a ring, and may have an unsaturated bond. Examples of the substituent include an oxy group.
- acetylenedicarboxylic acid diester represented by the formula (3) include dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate.
- reaction of the active proton compound represented by the formula (2) and the acetylenedicarboxylic acid diester represented by the formula (3) is carried out by cooling to room temperature or lower such as 0 ° C. in a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran. It can be carried out.
- the content of the ester compound represented by the formula (1) in the electrolytic solution is preferably 0.1% by mass or more and 2.0% by mass or less.
- concentration in the electrolytic solution is within this range, a lithium ion can permeate the negative electrode active material layer, and a coating that can suppress contact between the electrolyte solvent and the negative electrode active material layer can be formed.
- separator Any separator may be used as long as it suppresses the conduction between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, does not inhibit the permeation of the charged body, and has durability with respect to the electrolytic solution.
- the material that can be used include polyolefin microporous membranes such as polypropylene and polyethylene, cellulose, polyethylene terephthalate, polyimide, and polyvinylidene fluoride. These can be used as porous films, woven fabrics, non-woven fabrics and the like.
- the outer package those having a strength capable of stably holding the positive electrode, the negative electrode, the separator, and the electrolytic solution, electrochemically stable with respect to these substances, and watertight are preferable.
- a laminate film coated with stainless steel, nickel-plated iron, aluminum, silica, and alumina can be used.
- a resin used for the laminate film polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, or the like is used. Can do. These may be a structure of one layer or two or more layers.
- Laminate film as an outer package is cheaper than metal, but when gas is generated inside, it is likely to be deformed by internal pressure, but by using an electrolyte containing the above ester compound, gas is generated. And the deformation can be suppressed, and a degree of freedom in battery design can be ensured.
- the shape of the secondary battery may be any of the cylindrical type, flat wound rectangular type, laminated rectangular type, coin type, flat wound laminated type, and laminated laminated type. Since this secondary battery can remarkably suppress the gas generation accompanying charging / discharging, it can suppress the deterioration of the negative electrode active material layer, can extend the life, and is used particularly in a high temperature environment. Even in this case, the deterioration of the negative electrode active material is suppressed. Even in the case where a laminated laminate type battery in which the gap between the electrodes to be laminated spreads easily due to the generated gas is used in a high temperature environment, the deformation can be suppressed and the life can be extended.
- a laminated laminate type secondary battery shown in FIG. 1 can be cited.
- This laminated laminate type secondary battery has a negative electrode a having a negative electrode active material layer provided on a negative electrode current collector d made of metal such as copper foil, and a positive electrode current collector e made of metal such as aluminum foil.
- the positive electrode c having the provided positive electrode active material layer is alternately arranged opposite to each other via a separator b made of a polypropylene microporous film that avoids these contacts, and these are accommodated in a laminate outer package (not shown). .
- the laminate outer package is filled with an electrolytic solution.
- Each negative electrode a is electrically connected with a portion of a current collector d where no active material layer is formed, and each positive electrode c is connected with a portion of a current collector e where no active material layer is formed.
- a negative electrode terminal g connected to the negative electrode current collector d and a positive electrode terminal f connected to the positive electrode current collector are drawn out to the outside of the laminate outer package, and an external power source or equipment used is charged / discharged. To be connected to.
- the lithium secondary battery can be used as a power source for driving a motor of a vehicle.
- the vehicle may be an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle.
- FIG. 2 shows an example of this vehicle, which is used as an assembled battery in which a plurality of lithium secondary batteries are connected in series or in parallel.
- the vehicle shown in FIG. 2 has the assembled battery 110 of the lithium secondary battery mounted on the lower part of the seat at the center of the vehicle body 100.
- a negative electrode slurry was prepared by mixing with n-methylpyrrolidone. The negative electrode slurry was applied to a copper foil having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m and then dried, and heat treatment was performed in a nitrogen atmosphere at 300 ° C. to produce a negative electrode.
- the electrode element was wrapped with an aluminum laminate film as an exterior body, and an electrolyte solution was injected therein, and then sealed while reducing the pressure to 0.1 atm to prepare a secondary battery.
- the high-temperature cycle characteristics of the manufactured lithium secondary battery were measured as follows. The secondary battery was repeatedly charged and discharged 50 times in a voltage range of 2.5 V to 4.1 V in a thermostat kept at 60 ° C., and the discharge capacity was measured. The ratio of the discharge capacity D50 of the 50th cycle to the discharge capacity D5 of the 5th cycle, D50 / D5 (unit:%), was calculated and used as the maintenance rate. Further, the ratio of the battery volume V50 at the 50th cycle to the battery volume V5 at the 5th cycle, V50 / V5 (unit:%), was calculated and used as the swelling rate. The results are shown in Table 1.
- the maintenance rate was evaluated as “A” at 75% or more, “B” at 50% or more and less than 75%, “C” at 25% or more and less than 50%, and “D” at less than 25%.
- the swelling rate was evaluated as “A” at less than 4%, “B” at 5% or more and less than 10%, “C” at 10% or more and less than 20%, and “D” at 20% or more. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 2 to 4 A secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the ester compound shown in Table 1 was used instead of the ester compound shown in Formula (5), and the cycle characteristics were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1.
- amorphous silicon oxide (SiOx, 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2) is used as the negative electrode active material so that the mass ratio of silicon, amorphous silicon oxide, and graphite is 29:61:10.
- a negative electrode active material was obtained.
- the obtained negative electrode active material was a particle having an average particle diameter D50 of 5 ⁇ m in which silicon is dispersed in silicon oxide.
- a secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the ester compound shown in Table 1 was used instead of the ester compound shown in Formula (5), and cycle characteristics were obtained. Was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 13 to 16 The negative electrode active material used in Example 9 was used, and polyamideimide (PAI) (trade name: Pyromax: Toyobo Co., Ltd.) was used instead of polyimide as the negative electrode binder, and the ester represented by the formula (5)
- PAI polyamideimide
- a secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the ester compound shown in Table 1 was used instead of the compound, and the cycle characteristics were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1.
- the swelling rate at 60 ° C. of the secondary battery of the example is reduced as compared with the secondary battery of the comparative example, and the lithium secondary battery of the present invention has excellent cycle characteristics. .
- the present invention can be used in all industrial fields that require a power source and industrial fields related to the transport, storage and supply of electrical energy. Specifically, it can be used as a power source for mobile devices such as mobile phones and notebook computers.
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Abstract
Description
R1-H (2)
(式中、R1は置換基を有していてもよい炭素数2~12のアルコキシ基又は置換基を有しいてもよい炭素数2~12のアルキルアミノ基を示す。)と、式(3)で表されるアセチレンジカルボン酸ジエステル
b セパレーター
c 正極
d 負極集電体
e 正極集電体
f 正極端子
g 負極端子
110 組電池(リチウム二次電池)
負極活物質層は、充放電に伴いリチウムイオンを可逆的に吸蔵、放出可能な負極活物質を含むものであれば特に限定されるものではなく、具体的には、負極活物質が負極用結着剤によって負極集電体上に結着した構造を有するものを挙げることができる。
正極活物質層は、特に限定されるものではなく、正極活物質を含み、正極活物質が正極用結着剤によって正極集電体上に結着した構造を有するものを挙げることができる。
電解液は、充放電時に正極及び負極においてリチウムの吸蔵放出を可能とするため、正極と負極を漬浸してリチウムイオンを溶解可能な非水系の有機溶媒に、電解質を溶解したものである。
H-(CX1X2-CX3X4)n-CH2O-CX5X6-CX7X8-H
で表されるものが好ましい。式中、nは1、2、3又は4を示し、X1~X8は独立してフッ素原子又は水素原子を示す。但し、X1~X4の少なくとも1つはフッ素原子を示し、X5~X8の少なくとも1つはフッ素原子を示す。
R1-H (2)
(式中、R1は、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数2~12のアルコキシ基又は置換基を有していてもよい炭素数2~12のアルキルアミノ基を示す。)と、式(3)で表されるアセチレンジカルボン酸ジエステル
セパレーターは、正極及び負極の導通を抑制し、荷電体の透過を阻害せず、電解液に対して耐久性を有するものであれば、いずれであってもよい。具体的な材質としては、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン等のポリオレフィン系微多孔膜、セルロース、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリイミド、ポリフッ化ビニリデン等を採用することができる。これらは、多孔質フィルム、織物、不織布等として用いることができる。
外装体としては、上記正極及び負極、セパレーター、電解液を安定して保持可能な強度を有し、これらの物質に対して電気化学的に安定で、水密性を有するものが好ましい。具体的には、例えば、ステンレス、ニッケルメッキを施した鉄、アルミニウム、シリカ、アルミナをコーティングしたラミネートフィルムを用いることができ、ラミネートフィルムに用いる樹脂としては、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレンテレフタレート等を用いることができる。これらは、1層又は2層以上の構造体であってもよい。外装体としてのラミネートフィルムは、金属と比較して安価であるものの内部にガスが発生した場合に、内圧により変形が生じやすいが、上記エステル化合物を含有する電解液を用いることにより、ガスの発生を抑制し変形が生じるのを抑制することができ、電池の設計における自由度を確保することができる。
上記二次電池の形状は、上記円筒型、扁平捲回角型、積層角型、コイン型、扁平捲回ラミネート型、及び積層ラミネート型のいずれでもよい。この二次電池は充放電に伴うガス発生を顕著に抑制することができるため、負極活物質層の劣化を抑制することができ、長寿命化を図ることができ、特に高温環境で使用される場合においても負極活物質の劣化が抑制される。積層される電極の間隔が発生するガスにより広がり変形が生じやすい積層ラミネート型電池が高温環境で使用される場合であっても、変形を抑制することができ、長寿命化を図ることができる。
上記リチウム二次電池は、車両のモーター駆動用電源として用いることができる。車両としては、電気自動車、ハイブリッド車、何れであってもよい。
[エステル化合物の合成]
[合成例1]
以下に示す合成スキーム(A)に従い、式(5)に示すエステル化合物を調製した。
1H NMR(400 MHz, CDCl3, d): 3.69 (s, 3H, CH3), 3.87 (s, 3H, CH3), 4.20 (q, 2H, CH2, J=8 Hz), 5.27 (s, 1H, C=CH)
[合成例2]
以下に示す合成スキーム(B)に従い、式(9)に示すエステル化合物を調製した。
1H NMR(400 MHz, CDCl3, d): 3.68(s, 3H), 3.85(s, 3H), 3.89-4.00 (m, 2H), 5.78-6.08 (m , 1H)
[合成例3]
以下に示す合成スキーム(C)に従い、式(24)に示すエステル化合物を調製した。
1H NMR(400 MHz, CDCl3, d):1.61(m, 6H), 3.13(m, 4H), 3.64(s, 3H), 3.95(s, 3H), 4.71(s,1H)
[合成例4]
以下に示す合成スキーム(D)に従い、式(26)に示すエステル化合物を調製した。
1H NMR(400 MHz, CDCl3, d):1.25 (m, 12H), 3.46 (m, 6H), 3.91 (m, 2H), 4.74 (s, 1H)
[実施例1]
[負極の作製]
負極活物質として、平均粒径5μmのケイ素と、平均粒径30μmの黒鉛とを、90:10の質量比で計量し、メカニカルミリングで24時間混合して、負極活物質を得た。この負極活物質(平均粒径D50=5μm)と、負極用結着剤としてのポリイミド(商品名UワニスA:宇部興産株式会社製)とを、85:15の質量比で計量し、それらをn-メチルピロリドンと混合して、負極スラリーとした。負極スラリーを厚さ10μmの銅箔に塗布した後に乾燥し、窒素雰囲気300℃の熱処理を行い、負極を作製した。
正極活物質としてニッケル酸リチウム(LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.15O2)と、導電補助材としてカーボンブラックと、正極用結着剤としてポリフッ化ビニリデンとを、90:5:5の質量比で計量し、それらをn-メチルピロリドンと混合して、正極スラリーとした。正極スラリーを厚さ20μmのアルミ箔に塗布した後に乾燥し、プレスして、正極を作製した。
体積比EC/DEC=30/70からなるカーボネート系非水溶媒に電解質としてLiPF6を1mol/Lの濃度で溶解させた電解液に、式(5)に示すエステル化合物を0.2質量%混合し、電解液を得た。
得られた正極の3層と負極の4層を、セパレーターとしてポリプロピレン多孔質フィルムを挟みつつ交互に重ねた。正極活物質層に覆われていない正極集電体及び負極活物質層に覆われていない負極集電体の端部をそれぞれ溶接し、その溶接箇所に、アルミニウム製の正極端子とニッケル製の負極端子をそれぞれ溶接して、平面的な積層構造を有する電極素子を得た。
作製したリチウム二次電池の高温サイクル特性を以下のように測定した。二次電池に対し、60℃に保った恒温槽中で2.5Vから4.1Vの電圧範囲で50回充放電を反復し、放電容量を測定した。5サイクル目の放電容量D5に対する50サイクル目の放電容量D50の比率、D50/D5(単位:%)を算出し、維持率とした。また、5サイクル目の電池体積V5に対する50サイクル目の電池体積V50の比率、V50/V5(単位:%)を算出し、膨れ率とした。結果を表1に示す。
式(5)に示すエステル化合物に替えて、表1に示すエステル化合物を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様に二次電池を作製し、サイクル特性の評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
負極結着剤としてポリイミドに替えてポリアミドイミド(PAI)(商品名パイロマックス:東洋紡績株式会社)を用い、式(5)に示すエステル化合物に替えて、表1に示すエステル化合物を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様に二次電池を作製し、サイクル特性の評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
負極活物質として、ケイ素と黒鉛に加え、非晶質ケイ素酸化物(SiOx、0<x≦2)を、ケイ素、非晶質ケイ素酸化物、黒鉛の質量比29:61:10となるように用い、実施例1と同様にして負極活物質を得た。得られた負極活物質は、ケイ素がケイ素酸化物に分散している平均粒径D50が5μmの粒子であった。得られた負極活物質を用いて、式(5)に示すエステル化合物に替えて、表1に示すエステル化合物を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様に二次電池を作製し、サイクル特性の評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
負極活物質として、実施例9で用いたものを用い、負極結着剤としてポリイミドに替えてポリアミドイミド(PAI)(商品名パイロマックス:東洋紡績株式会社)を用い、式(5)に示すエステル化合物に替えて、表1に示すエステル化合物を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様に二次電池を作製し、サイクル特性の評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
式(5)に示すエステル化合物に替えて、それぞれ無水コハク酸、無水フタル酸、無水安息香酸を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製し、サイクル特性の評価を行った。結果を表2に示す。
電解液に式(5)に示すエステル化合物を添加しなかったこと以外、実施例5と同様にして二次電池を作製し、サイクル特性の評価を行った。結果を表2に示す。
式(5)に示すエステル化合物に替えて、それぞれ無水コハク酸、無水フタル酸、無水安息香酸を用いたこと以外は、実施例5と同様にして二次電池を作製し、サイクル特性の評価を行った。結果を表2に示す。
電解液に式(5)に示すエステル化合物を添加しなかったこと以外、実施例13と同様にして二次電池を作製し、サイクル特性の評価を行った。結果を表2に示す。
式(5)に示すエステル化合物に替えて、それぞれ無水コハク酸、無水フタル酸、無水安息香酸を用いたこと以外は、実施例13と同様にして二次電池を作製し、サイクル特性の評価を行った。結果を表3に示す。
電解液に式(5)に示すエステル化合物を添加しなかったこと以外、実施例9と同様にして二次電池を作製し、サイクル特性の評価を行った。結果を表2に示す。
式(5)に示すエステル化合物に替えて、それぞれ無水コハク酸、無水フタル酸、無水安息香酸を用いたこと以外は、実施例9と同様にして二次電池を作製し、サイクル特性の評価を行った。結果を表2に示す。
Claims (10)
- 式(1)中、R1がフッ素原子1~9で置換された炭素数2~12のアルコキシ基であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の電解液。
- 式(1)中、R1が置換基を有していてもよい炭素数2~12のジアルキルアミノ基であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の電解液。
- 式(1)で表されるエステル化合物を、0.1質量%以上、2.0質量%以下の範囲で含有することを特徴とする請求項1から3の何れかに記載の電解液。
- 負極活物質がケイ素系材料を含むことを特徴とする請求項5記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 負極活物質層が、炭素系材料を含むことを特徴とする請求項5又は6に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- ケイ素系材料が、少なくとも一部にアモルファス構造を有するケイ素酸化物を含むことを特徴とする請求項6又は7に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 活性プロトン化合物が、アルコール又は2級アミンであることを特徴とする請求項9に記載のエステル化合物の製造方法。
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US14/405,382 US20150118548A1 (en) | 2012-06-06 | 2013-05-28 | Electrolytic solution, method for preparing ester compound contained therein and lithium secondary cell |
US16/050,544 US20180342769A1 (en) | 2012-06-06 | 2018-07-31 | Electrolytic solution, method for preparing ester compound contained therein and lithium secondary cell |
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JP2015195201A (ja) * | 2014-03-28 | 2015-11-05 | 三菱化学株式会社 | 非水系電解液及びそれを用いた非水系電解液電池 |
USD791193S1 (en) | 2015-07-24 | 2017-07-04 | S.P.M. Flow Control, Inc. | Power end frame segment |
US11133529B2 (en) * | 2015-09-23 | 2021-09-28 | Gotion, Inc. | Fluorinated acrylates as additives for Li-ion battery electrolytes |
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EP3439076A4 (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2020-03-04 | Envision AESC Energy Devices Ltd. | ELECTRODE, METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF AND SECONDARY CELL |
JP6564740B2 (ja) * | 2016-07-04 | 2019-08-21 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | 負極活物質、負極、リチウムイオン二次電池、リチウムイオン二次電池の使用方法、負極活物質の製造方法及びリチウムイオン二次電池の製造方法 |
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JP4934912B2 (ja) * | 2001-06-06 | 2012-05-23 | 三菱化学株式会社 | 電解液及び二次電池 |
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JP2015195201A (ja) * | 2014-03-28 | 2015-11-05 | 三菱化学株式会社 | 非水系電解液及びそれを用いた非水系電解液電池 |
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US11133529B2 (en) * | 2015-09-23 | 2021-09-28 | Gotion, Inc. | Fluorinated acrylates as additives for Li-ion battery electrolytes |
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US20150118548A1 (en) | 2015-04-30 |
JPWO2013183490A1 (ja) | 2016-01-28 |
US20180342769A1 (en) | 2018-11-29 |
JP6119746B2 (ja) | 2017-04-26 |
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