WO2013157997A2 - Method for the external supply of heat to a positive displacement machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to engine design and, more particularly, to positive displacement machines having an external supply of heat, and can be widely used in power engineering and transport. The method for the external supply of heat to a positive displacement machine involves the use of a thermal agent in the form of radiation from an external light source. The radiation is supplied to a working fluid in the displacement chamber via the housing of the machine.

Description

 METHOD FOR EXTERNAL HEAT SUPPLY IN A VOLUME EXTRACTION MACHINE

The invention relates to engine building, and in particular to volumetric displacement machines with external heat supply, and can be widely used in power engineering and transport.

 A known engine with an external supply of heat (RU 2038502, MPK7 F02G 1/043, F02G1 / 06, publ. 06/27/1995), in which to heat the working fluid carry out a periodic withdrawal of the working fluid from the displacement chamber and move it along the channel where it passes through a cooler, regenerator, heater and enters the area of expansion of the displacing cavity. When the working fluid is cooled, it moves in the opposite direction - through the heater, regenerator, cooler and enters the compression region of the displacing cavity.

 The above-described method of external heat supply to the volume displacement engine, due to the presence of two chambers and the need to move the working fluid along the external channel (where it passes through the regenerator), complicates the design of the engine. This design does not provide a quick response to changes in heat flux, and - therefore, such an engine is difficult to control, can not quickly change power at startup and operation. The principle of operation of such an engine forces the use of mechanical devices with complex kinematics.

A device for gas expansion, intended for use in systems that convert thermal energy into mechanical ical (US 6,564,551, IPC7 F01B29 / 08, published on September 14, 2000). To carry out the process of heating and cooling the gas, hot and cold water is alternately injected into the cavity in the displacement cavity. When hot water is injected, the gas in the cavity heats up and moves the piston, which makes a working stroke. With the subsequent injection of cold water, the gas in the cavity is compressed, the opposite pressure appears on the piston, under the influence of which it takes its previous position.

 The disadvantages of the applied method of supplying heat to the gas for its expansion using water as an external thermal agent include the narrowness of the available change in the temperature range of the thermal agent, the upper boundary of which is 100 ° C. At such a maximum possible temperature of gas heating, an insufficiently large increase in gas volume occurs, and, consequently, the work performed by the piston in one stroke is also small, which negatively affects the power of the device.

 The invention solves the problem of providing the possibility of supplying external energy to the working fluid in the displacing cavity of thermal energy by means of a thermal agent, the maximum amount of which is limited only by the calculated parameters of the displacing cavity.

To obtain the desired technical result, in the known method of external heat supply to a volume displacement machine, using an external thermal agent to transfer heat to a working body, it is proposed to use radiation from an external radiation source, which is proposed to be supplied through the machine body to the working one, as a thermal agent body in the displacing cavity. On the diagrams attached to the description, one of the possible embodiments of the volume displacement machine is shown, which operates using the proposed method of external heat supply.

 In FIG. 1 - shows the machine at the time of heating the working fluid in the displacing cavity;

 in FIG. 2 - the same, at the moment of cooling of the working fluid in the displacing cavity.

 In the above diagrams, the following notation:

 1 - external radiation source of radiation;

 2 - reflector hub;

 3 - shutter-breaker for access of radiation into the displacement cavity;

 4 - displacement cavity of the machine;

 5 - a plate made of a material that does not absorb radiation from the applied long wavelength;

 6.7 - flanges;

 8 - housing displacing cavity;

 9 - cooling channels;

 10 - cooler;

 1 1 - hydraulic pump;

 12 - pipeline;

 13.14 - fittings;

 15 - the internal cavity of the volume diaphragm-piston;

 16 - body volumetric diaphragm-piston;

 17.18, - diaphragms;

 19 - locking plug;

 20 - heat exchanger;

 21 - cooler;

22 - hydraulic pump; 23 - pipeline;

 24.25 - fittings;

 26 - working cavity;

 27 - the body of the working cavity;

 28 - permeable membrane;

 29.30 - fittings;

 31 - pipeline;

 32.33 - check valves;

 34 - hydraulic motor.

 Description of the proposed method of external heat supply to the volume displacement machine and its operation.

To heat the working fluid in the displacing cavity 4 as a thermal agent - an external radiation source 1 of radiation, a catalytic propane burner is used, which is a source of infrared radiation (thermal efficiency - 99.5%, temperature t ~ 260 ° С, wavelength λ ~ 5 μm). Using a parabolic reflector-concentrator 2, the radiation from the external beam source 1 is focused (in the particular focusing variant used, as shown in Fig. 1) in the center of the displacing cavity 4. The cavity 4 is sealed and contains a constant volume gas, for example, an air mixture. The efficiency of a volume displacement machine depends on the amount of heat periodically supplied to the working fluid, i.e. from the parameters of the selected radiation source. In order to obtain the maximum possible power from the selected external radiation source in the cavity 4, it is assumed that the housing 9 can be made of a material that does not absorb or minimally absorb radiation with a wavelength at which the selected radiation source 1 emits. In the above embodiment (as shown in Fig. 1), the end part of the housing 8 is made in the form of a quartz plate 5 made of a material that does not absorb radiation with a wavelength equal to λ ~ 5 μm. In the housing 8 of the displacing cavity 4, cooling channels 9 are made, by means of which a cooling cycle of the working fluid is accelerated with the help of a cooling liquid forcedly driven by a hydraulic pump 11 through a cooler 10, a pipe 12 and fittings 13 and 14. It opens / blocks the access of radiation to the cavity 4 of the shutter-chopper 3, which operates according to the specified program. The internal cavity 15 of the flexible volumetric diaphragm-piston, which performs the function of displacement in the machine, is filled with liquid, for example, water. Water can be cooled, for example, by means of a heat exchanger 22, having installed it in the internal volume 15, and connected through fittings 24 and 25 and a pipe 23 with a cooler 21 and a hydraulic motor 22. The maximum deflection of the flexible volumetric diaphragm-piston 15 is limited to that established in the working cavity 26 permeable membrane 28, the permeability of which is calculated taking into account the maximum volume of displaced fluid, the time of displacement, the viscosity of the applied working fluid. A hydraulic machine, for example, a hydraulic motor 34, is connected to the channels of entry and exit of the working cavity through fittings 29.30 and check valves 32.33.

The selected radiation source (catalytic propane burner) allows you to heat the working fluid in displacing cavity 4 to a temperature of at least 260 ° C, which is 2.5 times more than when using water as a thermal agent, which is used in close the best analogue. The maximum amount of thermal energy that can be brought to the displacing cavity is limited only by its calculated parameters. Consequently, a more intensive increase in the volume of the working fluid and liquid displacement with a fragment-piston in one working stroke, which increases the productivity (power) of the machine.

 The proposed method makes it easy to change the amount of heat supplied to the working fluid in the displacing cavity 4, varying the duration of the heating process of the working fluid, using, for example, mechanical devices (as shown in the example in Fig. 2) in the form of a shutter-breaker 3. The shutter-breaker 3 can operate in accordance with a predetermined program, for example, in different time modes, and each mode provides the supply of the necessary, pre-calculated amount of heat for one heating session, which we go to get the given power of the car.

Claims

CLAIM A method of external heat supply to a volume displacement machine using an external thermal agent for transferring heat to a working fluid, characterized in that radiation from an external radiation source is used as a thermal agent, which is fed through the machine body to the working fluid in the displacing cavity.