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WO2013156744A1 - Device for charging a battery of an electric-drive motor vehicle comprising onboard diagnostic means - Google Patents

Device for charging a battery of an electric-drive motor vehicle comprising onboard diagnostic means Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013156744A1
WO2013156744A1 PCT/FR2013/050876 FR2013050876W WO2013156744A1 WO 2013156744 A1 WO2013156744 A1 WO 2013156744A1 FR 2013050876 W FR2013050876 W FR 2013050876W WO 2013156744 A1 WO2013156744 A1 WO 2013156744A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
voltage
supply network
stage
aging
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2013/050876
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Pedro KVIESKA
Laurent GAGNEUR
Maxime DEBERT
Original Assignee
Renault S.A.S.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Renault S.A.S. filed Critical Renault S.A.S.
Publication of WO2013156744A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013156744A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4285—Testing apparatus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/12—Recording operating variables ; Monitoring of operating variables
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/52—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells characterised by DC-motors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/16—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to battery ageing, e.g. to the number of charging cycles or the state of health [SoH]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/547—Voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/549—Current
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • Device for charging a battery of a motor vehicle with electric traction comprising diagnostic means
  • the invention relates to a high voltage battery charging device, in particular an electric traction motor vehicle, from a power supply network, and more particularly to the diagnosis of the state of aging of the battery.
  • the intrinsic characteristics of a battery of a motor vehicle with electric traction evolve during its life causing in particular a deterioration of its performances.
  • its capacity decreases over time which results in a loss of autonomy, and its internal resistance increases causing a decrease in the power deliverable by it.
  • a diagnosis of the aging state of a battery of an electric traction motor vehicle makes it possible to evaluate the general state of health of the main energy source and thus to know the performance of the power source.
  • a method for determining the state of health of a battery of a motor vehicle consists in conducting a frequency study by impedance spectroscopy.
  • Impedance spectroscopy is commonly used to characterize the dynamic properties of materials. It consists of imposing a sinusoidal current at a given frequency, and observing the voltage response of the battery. For low amperage current, the voltage of the battery and also a sinusoid out of phase with the current of a factor dependent on the frequency imposed. For each frequency, the modulus and phase of the impedance of the battery are deduced.
  • Impedance spectroscopy is generally only feasible in the laboratory using a frequency generator.
  • the patent application FR 2 920 884 describes a method using an inverter to perform the estimation of the state of health of a battery.
  • the method includes driving the inverter to send a current step to the battery and to measure the associated voltage variations to evaluate the internal resistance of the battery.
  • a mapping makes it possible from this resistance value to estimate the state of health of the battery.
  • the only estimate of the internal resistance does not make it possible to determine the total impedance of the electrochemical storage elements of the battery thereby causing a loss of diagnostic accuracy.
  • the invention proposes to overcome these disadvantages and to improve the accuracy of the estimation of the state of aging of the battery by on-board diagnostic means.
  • a device for charging a battery of a motor vehicle with electric traction from a power supply network comprising a voltage booster stage for to be connected to the battery on the one hand and to the power supply network on the other hand via a step - down stage, and control means able to impose cyclic hash ratios on the step down stage and on the voltage booster stage.
  • the device comprises on-vehicle diagnostic means capable of determining the state of aging of the battery during charging of the battery.
  • Determining the state of aging of the battery while the battery is charging rather than during a rest period of the vehicle allows to choose the state of charge at which the diagnosis is made, and thus to observe the behavior of the battery for different levels of charge. In fact, depending on the charge level of the cells of a battery, the dynamic behavior of the electrochemical cells varies.
  • the diagnostic means comprise modulation means adapted to modulate the control of the hash duty cycles so as to deliver to the battery a current comprising a harmonic at a diagnostic frequency.
  • the modulation means also make it possible to control the current modulations imposed on the battery via the voltage booster stage on board the vehicle, and thus to make it possible to carry out impedance spectroscopy without taking the battery out of the motor vehicle.
  • By thus controlling the duty cycles of the hash stage it is possible to introduce a frequency component at a particular frequency in order to measure the voltage in response to the terminals of the cells of the battery, and thus to estimate total impedance of the battery and cells for the diagnosis of the state of aging of the battery and the cells.
  • All cells assembled in series within the battery pack are traversed by the same current, in this case the current delivered by the charger.
  • the determination of the impedance can therefore be implemented for all the cells (or parallel assembly of cells) whose voltage is acquired.
  • the diagnostic means comprise means for measuring the voltage at the terminals of the battery and / or the cells, means for measuring the charge current delivered to the battery, and processing means able to determine a model of dynamic response of the battery from the module and phase values of the impedance of the battery determined from the measurements voltage across the battery and current measurements for different diagnostic frequency values.
  • the dynamic response model of the battery and / or cells is / are made from the analysis of the impedance of the battery and / or the cells over a given frequency range.
  • the parameters of the dynamic response model of the battery and / or the cells are obtained by an identification process based on the frequency data.
  • the identification process may for example be a least squares method (referred to as "Weighted Complex Nonlinear Least Squares").
  • the diagnostic means may comprise comparison means able to compare the determined dynamic response model with a reference model to determine the state of aging of the battery.
  • the power supply network coupled to the charging device may advantageously be a three-phase or continuous supply network.
  • the power supply network can not be a single - phase network because there is a loss of controllability when the voltage approaches zero which prevents the sending of currents at desired frequencies over a wide frequency range.
  • an embodiment of the invention proposes a method of charging the battery of a motor vehicle from a power supply network, comprising controlling the cyclic hash ratios of a motor vehicle.
  • IEC 60050 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - Details for IEV number 515-03-21 Superconductivity / Voltage - recovery stage coupled to the supply network and a step - up stage coupled to the battery on the one hand and to the voltage - down stage on the other hand, in which the aging state of the battery when charging said battery.
  • a charging current of the battery comprising a frequency component at a diagnostic frequency is first generated from a modulation of the control of the duty cycles of the hash stage of the voltage booster stage.
  • the voltage across the cells of the battery is then measured, the charge current delivered to the battery is measured, and a dynamic response model of the battery is determined from the module and phase values of the battery.
  • impedance of the battery cells determined from the voltage measurements at their terminals and current measurements for different diagnostic frequency values.
  • the dynamic response model is compared to a reference model and the state of aging of the battery is determined.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a charging device comprising on-board diagnostic means on board a motor vehicle according to one embodiment
  • FIG. 2 presents a flowchart of a charging method comprising a diagnosis of the state of aging of the battery according to an implementation mode.
  • FIG. 1 diagrammatically shows a device 1 for charging a battery 2 of a motor vehicle with electric traction from a three-phase or continuous power supply network 3, according to an embodiment of the invention. invention.
  • the charging device has been shown for charging from a three-phase power supply network.
  • the charging device 1 comprises a filtering stage 4 making it possible to filter the current of the supply network 3 taken by the device 1 via the terminals 8, a voltage step-down stage 5 coupled to the output of the filtering stage 4, and a voltage booster stage 6 coupled to the voltage step-down stage 5 via an electric machine 7 symbolized in the figure by a resistor R d arranged in series with an induction coil La.
  • the filtering means 4 comprise an electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) filter 4a and a capacitive assembly 4b.
  • EMC electromagnetic compatibility
  • the EMC filter 4a is, for example, an inductance filter L and with common mode capacitors, also comprising resistors R, and making it possible to filter the current pulses generated by the transistors or switches of the step-down and step-up stages. voltage 6 of the device 1.
  • the filtering means 4 make it possible to filter the current thus absorbed so that the current satisfies the imposed network connection constraints. by network operators, in terms of harmonics as well as those of the automotive sector.
  • the capacitive assembly 4b comprises capacitors C coupled between the three phases of the three-phase supply network 3.
  • the capacitances of the capacitive assembly 4b can be coupled, as shown in the figure, according to a so-called "star” arrangement so as to have two capacitors coupled between each phase or in a so-called “triangle” arrangement. that is, by arranging the capacitors between each phase and the neutral at the output of the filtering means 4a CEM. This decreases the current value passing through them.
  • the voltage step-down stage 5 comprises three parallel branches 5a, 5b and 5c each carrying two switches Si, S 2 or S 3 controlled by a control unit 9.
  • the common ends of the branches 5a, 5b and 5c constitute two output terminals 51 and 52 of the voltage step-down stage 5.
  • One of the terminals 51 is connected to the terminal "-" of the battery 2 as well as to a first input 10 of the voltage booster stage 6.
  • the other terminal 52 is connected to a first terminal 71 of the electrical machine 7 whose other terminal 72 is connected to a second input 11 of the booster stage 6 .
  • the step-up stage 6 comprises two switches S 4 and S 5 controllable by the control unit 9 independently. These two switches S 4 and S 5 are located on a branch connecting the first input 10 of the step-up stage 6 and the terminal "+" of the battery 2.
  • the second input 11 of the step-up stage 6, to which is connected the electrical machine 7, is connected between the two switches S 4 and S 5 , the switch S 3 being coupled between the second input 11 and the terminal "+" of the battery 2, and the switch S 5 being coupled between the first input 10 and the second input 11.
  • the control unit 9 can control the duty ratios of chopping switches Si to S 3 of the step-down voltage stage 5 on the one hand, and the switches S 4 and S 5 of the booster stage voltage 6.
  • the voltage step-down stage 5 is responsible for regulating the power that enters the device, as well as regulating the power factor (phasing of the current at the voltage).
  • the step of the voltage booster 6 has the role of keeping the neutral current as constant as possible.
  • the outputs of the regulation are cyclic hash ratios of the switches S i to S 3 which may be bipolar transistors with isolated gate (IGBT in English for Insulated Gate Bipo lar Transistor). This duty cycle is applied through Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) for IGBTs that switch, for example, to 1 0 kHz (other frequencies may be used). If a ratio of 30% is sent, for example, over the period of 100 ⁇ 8, the IGBT will remain closed 30 and open 70 ⁇ .
  • PWM Pulse Width Modulation
  • the control unit 9 thus makes it possible to regulate the current sent to the battery 2 which will be relatively constant.
  • the charging device 1 also comprises diagnostic means 12 mounted on the motor vehicle and capable of determining the state of aging of the battery 2 during a charging thereof.
  • the diagnostic means 12 comprise modulation means 13 coupled to the control unit 9.
  • the modulation means 13 deliver a modulation signal to the control unit 9 so as to modify the control of the cyclic hash ratios of the control unit 9. voltage booster stage 6 and thus deliver to the battery 2 an Ibatt current comprising a harmonic at a diagnostic frequency (for example 1 Hz or 1 kHz).
  • the diagnostic means 12 comprise means 14 for measuring the voltages V ce ii of the cells of the battery 2, means 15 for measuring the charge current delivered to the battery, and means for processing 1 6 determining the cell impedance module and phase for each voltage measurement.
  • the processing means 15 also make it possible to determine a dynamic response model of the battery and / or the cells 2 from the module and phase values of the impedance of the battery and / or the cells 2 determined for different values. frequency of diagnosis.
  • the dynamic response model of the battery and / or cells 2 is made from the analysis of the impedance of the battery 2, over a given frequency range.
  • the parameters of the model of Dynamic response of the battery 2, that is to say the model of the electrochemical cell dynamics, are obtained by a process of identification from the frequency data.
  • the diagnostic means 12 also comprise comparison means 17 able to compare the determined dynamic response model with a reference model representative of the dynamics of the cells of the battery at the beginning of life to determine the state of aging of the battery and able to update the reference model from the determined dynamic response model.
  • these identified parameters make it possible to update the model used by the battery management system by replacing the old values of the parameters of the model used by the battery management system with the new parameters identified.
  • FIG. 2 presents a flowchart of a charging method comprising a diagnosis of the state of aging of the battery 2 according to an implementation mode.
  • the device 1 for charging the battery 2 is coupled to a three-phase or continuous supply network 3 so as to charge the battery 2.
  • Determine the aging state of the battery 2 while the Battery 2 is in charge allows to carry out the diagnosis for different states of charge, and thus to observe the dynamic behavior of electrochemical cells for different charge levels.
  • the hash duty cycles of the step-up stage 6 are modulated so as to deliver a load current Ibatt to the battery 2 comprising a frequency component at a given frequency.
  • a load current Ibatt to the battery 2 comprising a frequency component at a given frequency.
  • a step 230 the voltages V ce ii are measured across the cells of the battery 2 in response to the current delivered comprising the frequency component, and the charge current delivered Ibatt is measured at the battery 2.
  • a step 240 the module and the phase of the impedance of the battery 2 are determined from the voltage measurement and the current measurement for the given frequency.
  • a dynamic response model of the battery 2 is determined from the module and phase values of the battery impedance for different diagnostic frequency values by repeating steps 220 to 240.
  • the diagnosis being realized during the charging of the battery 2, there is a DC component in the current measurement.
  • the influence of this DC component is corrected when determining the dynamic response model of the battery 2.
  • a step 260 the aging state of the battery 2 is determined from a comparison of the dynamic response model determined with a reference model.
  • the reference model is updated from the determined dynamic model.
  • the invention thus makes it possible to provide a system for diagnosing the state of aging of the battery 2 of a motor vehicle, improving the accuracy of the estimation of the state of aging.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

This device (1) for charging a battery (2) of an electric-drive motor vehicle from a power supply network (3), comprises a voltage boost stage (6) intended to be connected to the battery (2) and to the power supply network (3) via a voltage buck stage (5), and control means (9) capable of imposing cyclic ratios for chopping at the voltage buck stage (5) and at the voltage boost stage (6). It comprises onboard diagnostic means (12) on the motor vehicle capable of determining the state of deterioration of the battery (2) when the battery (2) is charged, the diagnostic means (12) comprising modulation means (13) capable of modulating the control of the cyclic ratios for chopping via the control means (9) to deliver a current (Ibatt) to the battery (2) that comprises a harmonic at a diagnostic frequency.

Description

Dispositif de charge d'une batterie d'un véhicule automobile à traction électrique comprenant des moyens de diagnostic  Device for charging a battery of a motor vehicle with electric traction comprising diagnostic means
embarqués. L 'invention concerne un dispositif de charge de batterie haute tension, notamment d'un véhicule automobile à traction électrique, à partir d'un réseau d ' alimentation électrique, et plus particulièrement le diagnostic de l ' état de vieillissement de la batterie.  Embedded. The invention relates to a high voltage battery charging device, in particular an electric traction motor vehicle, from a power supply network, and more particularly to the diagnosis of the state of aging of the battery.
Les caractéristiques intrinsèques d'une batterie d'un véhicule automobile à traction électrique évo luent au cours de sa vie entraînant notamment une détérioration de ses performances. En particulier, sa capacité diminue au cours du temps ce qui se traduit par une perte d' autonomie, et sa résistance interne augmente entraînant une diminution de la puissance délivrable par celle-ci.  The intrinsic characteristics of a battery of a motor vehicle with electric traction evolve during its life causing in particular a deterioration of its performances. In particular, its capacity decreases over time which results in a loss of autonomy, and its internal resistance increases causing a decrease in the power deliverable by it.
Un diagnostic de l ' état de vieillissement d'une batterie d 'un véhicule automobile à traction électrique permet d' évaluer l ' état de santé générale de la source d' énergie principale et ainsi de connaître les performances de la source d' alimentation.  A diagnosis of the aging state of a battery of an electric traction motor vehicle makes it possible to evaluate the general state of health of the main energy source and thus to know the performance of the power source.
Actuellement, une méthode de détermination de l ' état de santé d'une batterie d'un véhicule automobile consiste à réaliser une étude fréquentielle par spectroscopie d' impédance.  Currently, a method for determining the state of health of a battery of a motor vehicle consists in conducting a frequency study by impedance spectroscopy.
La spectroscopie d' impédance est communément utilisée pour caractériser les propriétés dynamiques des matériaux. Elle consiste à imposer un courant sinusoïdal à une fréquence donnée, et d' observer la réponse en tension de la batterie. Pour des faibles amp litudes de courant, la tension de la batterie et elle aussi une sinusoïde déphasée par rapport au courant d'un facteur dépendant de la fréquence imposée. Pour chaque fréquence, sont déduits le mo dule et la phase de l' impédance de la batterie.  Impedance spectroscopy is commonly used to characterize the dynamic properties of materials. It consists of imposing a sinusoidal current at a given frequency, and observing the voltage response of the battery. For low amperage current, the voltage of the battery and also a sinusoid out of phase with the current of a factor dependent on the frequency imposed. For each frequency, the modulus and phase of the impedance of the battery are deduced.
La spectroscopie d' impédance n' est généralement réalisable qu' en laboratoire à l ' aide d'un générateur fréquentiel.  Impedance spectroscopy is generally only feasible in the laboratory using a frequency generator.
Pour réaliser un diagnostic de l ' état de vieillissement de la batterie, à l ' aide d'un système embarqué à bord d'un véhicule automobile, il est connu d'utiliser des méthodes évaluant le vieillissement à partir de modèles établis sur des essais de vieillissement. Ces modèles dépendent du temps, de la température, de la so llicitation de la batterie, et d' autres paramètres encore. Cette estimation du vieillissement n' est pas aussi fiable qu'une méthode par spectroscopie d' impédance car elle n' est pas ajustée avec des mesures précises du vieillissement de la batterie. To diagnose the state of aging of the battery, using an on - board system in a motor vehicle, it is known to use aging evaluation methods based on models based on tests. of aging. These models depend on time, temperature, battery efficiency, and other parameters. This Aging estimation is not as reliable as an impedance spectroscopy method because it is not adjusted with accurate measurements of battery aging.
Ce problème est actuellement réso lu par des modèles de vieillissement corrigés par une estimation de la résistance interne.  This problem is currently solved by aging models corrected by an estimate of the internal resistance.
La demande de brevet FR 2 920 884 décrit un procédé utilisant un onduleur pour réaliser l ' estimation de l ' état de santé d 'une batterie . Le procédé consiste à piloter l 'onduleur afin d' envoyer un échelon de courant à la batterie et de mesurer les variations de tension associées pour évaluer la résistance interne de la batterie. Une cartographie permet à partir de cette valeur de résistance d' estimer l ' état de santé de la batterie.  The patent application FR 2 920 884 describes a method using an inverter to perform the estimation of the state of health of a battery. The method includes driving the inverter to send a current step to the battery and to measure the associated voltage variations to evaluate the internal resistance of the battery. A mapping makes it possible from this resistance value to estimate the state of health of the battery.
Cependant, pour réaliser ce procédé, il est nécessaire de préalablement détecter un état stable de la batterie, c ' est-à-dire un moment où le véhicule est au repos comme, par exemple, un véhicule n' ayant pas été chargé ou bien un véhicule utilisé depuis quelques minutes déj à. Dans une telle configuration, la batterie continue d' imposer le courant au système et les variations de courant introduites sont par conséquent limitées en termes par exemp le de puissance, mais également de niveaux de charge de la batterie auxquels le diagnostic peut être fait.  However, to carry out this method, it is necessary to first detect a stable state of the battery, that is to say a moment when the vehicle is at rest such as, for example, a vehicle that has not been loaded or a vehicle used for a few minutes already at. In such a configuration, the battery continues to impose current on the system and the introduced current variations are therefore limited in terms of, for example, power, but also battery charge levels at which diagnosis can be made.
De plus, la seule estimation de la résistance interne ne permet pas de déterminer l' impédance totale des éléments de stockage électrochimiques de la batterie entraînant de ce fait une perte de précision du diagnostic.  In addition, the only estimate of the internal resistance does not make it possible to determine the total impedance of the electrochemical storage elements of the battery thereby causing a loss of diagnostic accuracy.
L 'invention se propose de pallier ces inconvénients et d' améliorer la précision de l ' estimation de l ' état de vieillissement de la batterie par des moyens embarqués de diagnostic.  The invention proposes to overcome these disadvantages and to improve the accuracy of the estimation of the state of aging of the battery by on-board diagnostic means.
Selon un aspect de l 'invention, il est proposé dans un mode de réalisation, un dispositif de charge d'une batterie d'un véhicule automobile à traction électrique à partir d'un réseau d' alimentation, comprenant un étage élévateur de tension destiné à être raccordé à la batterie d'une part et au réseau d' alimentation d' autre part via un étage abaisseur de tension, et des moyens de commande apte à imposer des rapports cycliques de hachage à l'étage abaisseur de tension et à l'étage élévateur de tension. Selon une caractéristique générale, le dispositif comprend des moyens de diagnostic embarqués sur le véhicule automobile aptes à déterminer l ' état de vieillissement de la batterie lors d'une charge de la batterie. According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided in one embodiment, a device for charging a battery of a motor vehicle with electric traction from a power supply network, comprising a voltage booster stage for to be connected to the battery on the one hand and to the power supply network on the other hand via a step - down stage, and control means able to impose cyclic hash ratios on the step down stage and on the voltage booster stage. According to a general characteristic, the device comprises on-vehicle diagnostic means capable of determining the state of aging of the battery during charging of the battery.
Déterminer l ' état de vieillissement de la batterie alors que la batterie est en charge plutôt que durant une période de repos du véhicule permet de choisir l ' état de charge auquel le diagnostic est opéré, et ainsi d' observer le comportement de la batterie pour différents niveaux de charge. En effet, selon le niveau de charge des cellules d'une batterie le comportement dynamique des cellules électrochimiques varie.  Determining the state of aging of the battery while the battery is charging rather than during a rest period of the vehicle allows to choose the state of charge at which the diagnosis is made, and thus to observe the behavior of the battery for different levels of charge. In fact, depending on the charge level of the cells of a battery, the dynamic behavior of the electrochemical cells varies.
De préférence, les moyens de diagnostic comprennent des moyens de modulation aptes à moduler la commande des rapports cycliques de hachage de manière à délivrer à la batterie un courant comprenant une harmonique à une fréquence de diagnostic.  Preferably, the diagnostic means comprise modulation means adapted to modulate the control of the hash duty cycles so as to deliver to the battery a current comprising a harmonic at a diagnostic frequency.
Les moyens de modulation permettent par ailleurs de commander les modulations de courant imposées à la batterie via l ' étage élévateur de tension embarqué dans le véhicule, et ainsi permettre de réaliser une spectroscopie d' impédance sans sortir la batterie du véhicule automobile. En commandant ainsi les rapports cycliques de hachage de l ' étage élévateur de tension, il est possible d' introduire une composante fréquentielle à une fréquence particulière afin de mesurer la tension en réponse aux bornes des cellules de la batterie, et d' estimer ainsi l' impédance totale de la batterie et des cellules pour le diagnostic de l ' état de vieillissement de la batterie et des cellules .  The modulation means also make it possible to control the current modulations imposed on the battery via the voltage booster stage on board the vehicle, and thus to make it possible to carry out impedance spectroscopy without taking the battery out of the motor vehicle. By thus controlling the duty cycles of the hash stage, it is possible to introduce a frequency component at a particular frequency in order to measure the voltage in response to the terminals of the cells of the battery, and thus to estimate total impedance of the battery and cells for the diagnosis of the state of aging of the battery and the cells.
Toutes les cellules assemblées en série au sein du pack batterie sont traversées par le même courant, en l 'occurrence le courant délivré par le chargeur. La détermination de l' impédance peut donc être mise en œuvre pour toute les cellules (ou assemblage parallèle de cellules) dont la tension est acquise.  All cells assembled in series within the battery pack are traversed by the same current, in this case the current delivered by the charger. The determination of the impedance can therefore be implemented for all the cells (or parallel assembly of cells) whose voltage is acquired.
De préférence, les moyens de diagnostic comprennent des moyens de mesure de la tension aux bornes de la batterie et/ou des cellules, des moyens de mesure du courant de charge délivré à la batterie, et des moyens de traitement aptes à déterminer un modèle de réponse dynamique de la batterie à partir des valeurs de module et de phase de l' impédance de la batterie déterminées à partir des mesures de tension aux bornes de la batterie et des mesures de courant pour différentes valeurs de fréquence de diagnostic. Preferably, the diagnostic means comprise means for measuring the voltage at the terminals of the battery and / or the cells, means for measuring the charge current delivered to the battery, and processing means able to determine a model of dynamic response of the battery from the module and phase values of the impedance of the battery determined from the measurements voltage across the battery and current measurements for different diagnostic frequency values.
Le mo dèle de réponse dynamique de la batterie et/ou des cellules est/sont réalisé/es à partir de l ' analyse de l' impédance de la batterie et/ou des cellules, sur une plage fréquentielle donnée. Les paramètres du modèle de réponse dynamique de la batterie et/ou des cellules sont obtenus par un processus d' identification à partir des données fréquentielles. Le processus d' identification peut par exemple être une méthode par moindre carrés (dénommée en anglais «Weighted Complex Nonlinear Least Squares »).  The dynamic response model of the battery and / or cells is / are made from the analysis of the impedance of the battery and / or the cells over a given frequency range. The parameters of the dynamic response model of the battery and / or the cells are obtained by an identification process based on the frequency data. The identification process may for example be a least squares method (referred to as "Weighted Complex Nonlinear Least Squares").
Avantageusement, les moyens de diagnostic peuvent comprendre des moyens de comparaison aptes à comparer le modèle de réponse dynamique déterminé à un modèle de référence pour déterminer l ' état de vieillissement de la batterie.  Advantageously, the diagnostic means may comprise comparison means able to compare the determined dynamic response model with a reference model to determine the state of aging of the battery.
Le réseau d' alimentation couplé au dispositif de charge peut avantageusement être un réseau d' alimentation triphasé ou continu. Le réseau d ' alimentation ne peut pas être un réseau monophasé car il y a une perte de commandabilité lorsque la tension avoisine zéro qui empêche d' envoyer des courants à des fréquences souhaitées pour une large gamme de fréquence.  The power supply network coupled to the charging device may advantageously be a three-phase or continuous supply network. The power supply network can not be a single - phase network because there is a loss of controllability when the voltage approaches zero which prevents the sending of currents at desired frequencies over a wide frequency range.
Selon un autre aspect, il est proposé, dans un mode de mise en œuvre, un procédé de charge de la batterie d'un véhicule automobile à partir d'un réseau d' alimentation, comprenant une commande des rapports cycliques de hachage d'un étage abaisseur de tension couplé au réseau d ' alimentation et d'un étage élévateur de tension couplé à la batterie d'une part et à l ' étage abaisseur de tension d' autre part, dans lequel on détermine l ' état de vieillissement de la batterie lors de la charge de ladite batterie.  In another aspect, an embodiment of the invention proposes a method of charging the battery of a motor vehicle from a power supply network, comprising controlling the cyclic hash ratios of a motor vehicle. IEC 60050 - International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - Details for IEV number 515-03-21 Superconductivity / Voltage - recovery stage coupled to the supply network and a step - up stage coupled to the battery on the one hand and to the voltage - down stage on the other hand, in which the aging state of the battery when charging said battery.
De préférence, on génère tout d' abord un courant de charge de la batterie comprenant une composante fréquentielle à une fréquence de diagnostic à partir d'une modulation de la commande des rapports cycliques de hachage de l ' étage élévateur de tension.  Preferably, a charging current of the battery comprising a frequency component at a diagnostic frequency is first generated from a modulation of the control of the duty cycles of the hash stage of the voltage booster stage.
Avantageusement, on mesure ensuite la tension aux bornes des cellules de la batterie, on mesure le courant de charge délivré à la batterie, et on détermine un mo dèle de réponse dynamique de la batterie à partir des valeurs de module et de phase de l' impédance des cellules de la batterie déterminée à partir des mesures de tension à leurs bornes et des mesures du courant pour différentes valeurs de fréquence de diagnostic. Advantageously, the voltage across the cells of the battery is then measured, the charge current delivered to the battery is measured, and a dynamic response model of the battery is determined from the module and phase values of the battery. impedance of the battery cells determined from the voltage measurements at their terminals and current measurements for different diagnostic frequency values.
On compare enfin le modèle de réponse dynamique à un modèle de référence et on détermine l'état de vieillissement de la batterie.  Finally, the dynamic response model is compared to a reference model and the state of aging of the battery is determined.
D'autres avantages et caractéristiques de l'invention apparaîtront à l'examen de la description détaillée d'un mode de réalisation et d'un mode de mise en œuvre, nullement limitatifs, et des dessins annexés, sur lesquels :  Other advantages and features of the invention will appear on examining the detailed description of an embodiment and a mode of implementation, in no way limiting, and the appended drawings, in which:
la figure 1 présente de manière schématique un dispositif de charge comprenant des moyens de diagnostic embarqués à bord d'un véhicule automobile selon un mode de réalisation ; la figure 2 présente un organigramme d'un procédé de charge comprenant un diagnostic de l'état de vieillissement de la batterie selon un mode de mise en œuvre.  Figure 1 schematically shows a charging device comprising on-board diagnostic means on board a motor vehicle according to one embodiment; FIG. 2 presents a flowchart of a charging method comprising a diagnosis of the state of aging of the battery according to an implementation mode.
Sur la figure 1, est présenté de manière schématique un dispositif 1 de charge d'une batterie 2 d'un véhicule automobile à traction électrique à partir d'un réseau d'alimentation 3 triphasé ou continu, selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention.  FIG. 1 diagrammatically shows a device 1 for charging a battery 2 of a motor vehicle with electric traction from a three-phase or continuous power supply network 3, according to an embodiment of the invention. invention.
Dans cet exemple, le dispositif de charge a été représenté pour une charge à partir d'un réseau d'alimentation 3 triphasé.  In this example, the charging device has been shown for charging from a three-phase power supply network.
Le dispositif de charge 1 comprend un étage de filtrage 4 permettant de filtrer le courant du réseau d'alimentation 3 prélevé par le dispositif 1 via les bornes 8, un étage abaisseur de tension 5 couplé à la sortie de l'étage de filtrage 4, ainsi qu'un étage élévateur de tension 6 couplé à l'étage abaisseur de tension 5 via une machine électrique 7 symbolisée sur la figure par une résistance Rd disposée en série avec une bobine d'induction La. The charging device 1 comprises a filtering stage 4 making it possible to filter the current of the supply network 3 taken by the device 1 via the terminals 8, a voltage step-down stage 5 coupled to the output of the filtering stage 4, and a voltage booster stage 6 coupled to the voltage step-down stage 5 via an electric machine 7 symbolized in the figure by a resistor R d arranged in series with an induction coil La.
Les moyens de filtrage 4 comprennent un filtre 4a de compatibilité électromagnétique (CEM), ainsi qu'un ensemble capacitif 4b. Le filtre 4a CEM est, par exemple, un filtre à inductances L et à capacités de mode commun, comprenant également des résistances R, et permettant de filtrer les impulsions de courant générées par les transistors ou interrupteurs des étages abaisseur de tension 5 et élévateur de tension 6 du dispositif 1. Les moyens de filtrage 4 permettent de filtrer le courant ainsi absorbé de sorte que le courant satisfasse aux contraintes de raccordement au réseau imposées par les exploitants de réseaux, en termes d'harmoniques ainsi que celles du domaine automobile. The filtering means 4 comprise an electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) filter 4a and a capacitive assembly 4b. The EMC filter 4a is, for example, an inductance filter L and with common mode capacitors, also comprising resistors R, and making it possible to filter the current pulses generated by the transistors or switches of the step-down and step-up stages. voltage 6 of the device 1. The filtering means 4 make it possible to filter the current thus absorbed so that the current satisfies the imposed network connection constraints. by network operators, in terms of harmonics as well as those of the automotive sector.
L'ensemble capacitif 4b comprend des capacités C couplées entre les trois phases du réseau d'alimentation 3 triphasé. Les capacités de l'ensemble capacitif 4b peuvent être couplées, comme représenté sur la figure, selon une disposition dite « en étoile » de manière à avoir deux capacités couplées entre chaque phase ou bien selon une disposition dite « en triangle », c'est-à-dire en disposant les capacités entre chaque phase et le neutre à la sortie des moyens de filtrage 4a CEM. On diminue ainsi la valeur de courant qui les traverse.  The capacitive assembly 4b comprises capacitors C coupled between the three phases of the three-phase supply network 3. The capacitances of the capacitive assembly 4b can be coupled, as shown in the figure, according to a so-called "star" arrangement so as to have two capacitors coupled between each phase or in a so-called "triangle" arrangement. that is, by arranging the capacitors between each phase and the neutral at the output of the filtering means 4a CEM. This decreases the current value passing through them.
L'étage abaisseur de tension 5 comprend trois branches parallèles 5a, 5b et 5c portant chacune deux interrupteurs Si, S2 ou S3 commandés par une unité de commande 9. The voltage step-down stage 5 comprises three parallel branches 5a, 5b and 5c each carrying two switches Si, S 2 or S 3 controlled by a control unit 9.
Les extrémités communes des branches 5a, 5b et 5c constituent deux bornes de sortie 51 et 52 de l'étage abaisseur de tension 5. L'une des bornes 51 est reliée à la borne « - » de la batterie 2 ainsi qu'à une première entrée 10 de l'étage élévateur de tension 6. L'autre borne 52 est connectée à une première borne 71 de la machine électrique 7 dont l'autre borne 72 est connectée à une seconde entrée 11 de l'étage élévateur de tension 6.  The common ends of the branches 5a, 5b and 5c constitute two output terminals 51 and 52 of the voltage step-down stage 5. One of the terminals 51 is connected to the terminal "-" of the battery 2 as well as to a first input 10 of the voltage booster stage 6. The other terminal 52 is connected to a first terminal 71 of the electrical machine 7 whose other terminal 72 is connected to a second input 11 of the booster stage 6 .
L'étage élévateur de tension 6 comprend deux interrupteurs S4 et S5 pilotables par l'unité de commande 9 de manière indépendante. Ces deux interrupteurs S4 et S5 sont situés sur une branche reliant la première entrée 10 de l'étage élévateur de tension 6 et la borne « + » de la batterie 2. La seconde entrée 11 de l'étage élévateur de tension 6, à laquelle est connectée la machine électrique 7, est connectée entre les deux interrupteurs S4 et S5, l'interrupteur S3 étant couplé entre la seconde entrée 11 et la borne « + » de la batterie 2, et l'interrupteur S5 étant couplé entre la première entrée 10 et la seconde entrée 11. The step-up stage 6 comprises two switches S 4 and S 5 controllable by the control unit 9 independently. These two switches S 4 and S 5 are located on a branch connecting the first input 10 of the step-up stage 6 and the terminal "+" of the battery 2. The second input 11 of the step-up stage 6, to which is connected the electrical machine 7, is connected between the two switches S 4 and S 5 , the switch S 3 being coupled between the second input 11 and the terminal "+" of the battery 2, and the switch S 5 being coupled between the first input 10 and the second input 11.
L'unité de commande 9 permet de commander les rapports cycliques de hachage des interrupteurs Si à S3 de l'étage abaisseur de tension 5 d'une part, et les interrupteurs S4 et S5 de l'étage élévateur de tension 6. L'étage abaisseur de tension 5 est responsable de la régulation de la puissance qui rentre dans le dispositif, ainsi que de la régulation du facteur de puissance (la phasage du courant à la tension). L ' étage élévateur de tension 6 a comme rôle de garder le courant neutre le plus constant possible. The control unit 9 can control the duty ratios of chopping switches Si to S 3 of the step-down voltage stage 5 on the one hand, and the switches S 4 and S 5 of the booster stage voltage 6. The voltage step-down stage 5 is responsible for regulating the power that enters the device, as well as regulating the power factor (phasing of the current at the voltage). The step of the voltage booster 6 has the role of keeping the neutral current as constant as possible.
Les sorties de la régulation sont des rapports cycliques de hachage des interrupteurs S i à S3 qui peuvent être des transistors bipo laires à grille iso lé (IGBT en anglais pour Insulated Gâte Bipo lar Transistor) . Ce rapport cyclique est appliqué au travers d' une modulation de largeur d' impulsion (PWM en anglais pour Puise Width Modulation) pour des IGBT qui commutent, par exemp le à 1 0kHz (d' autres fréquences peuvent être utilisées). Si un rapport de 30% est envoyé, par exemp le, sur la période de 1 00 μ8 , l'IGBT restera fermé 30 et ouvert 70 μΞ . The outputs of the regulation are cyclic hash ratios of the switches S i to S 3 which may be bipolar transistors with isolated gate (IGBT in English for Insulated Gate Bipo lar Transistor). This duty cycle is applied through Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) for IGBTs that switch, for example, to 1 0 kHz (other frequencies may be used). If a ratio of 30% is sent, for example, over the period of 100 μ8, the IGBT will remain closed 30 and open 70 μΞ.
L 'unité de commande 9 permet ainsi de réguler le courant envoyé à la batterie 2 qui sera relativement constant.  The control unit 9 thus makes it possible to regulate the current sent to the battery 2 which will be relatively constant.
Le dispositif 1 de charge comprend également des moyens de diagnostic 12 embarqués sur le véhicule automobile et aptes à déterminer l ' état de vieillissement de la batterie 2 lors d'une charge de celle-ci.  The charging device 1 also comprises diagnostic means 12 mounted on the motor vehicle and capable of determining the state of aging of the battery 2 during a charging thereof.
Les moyens de diagnostic 12 comprennent des moyens de modulation 13 couplés à l 'unité de commande 9. Les moyens de modulation 13 délivrent un signal de modulation à l 'unité de commande 9 de manière à modifier la commande des rapports cycliques de hachage de l ' étage élévateur de tension 6 et ainsi délivrer à la batterie 2 un courant Ibatt comprenant une harmonique à une fréquence de diagnostic (par exemple 1 Hz ou 1 kHz) .  The diagnostic means 12 comprise modulation means 13 coupled to the control unit 9. The modulation means 13 deliver a modulation signal to the control unit 9 so as to modify the control of the cyclic hash ratios of the control unit 9. voltage booster stage 6 and thus deliver to the battery 2 an Ibatt current comprising a harmonic at a diagnostic frequency (for example 1 Hz or 1 kHz).
Pour réaliser la spectroscopie d' impédance, les moyens de diagnostic 12 comprennent des moyens de mesure 14 des tensions Vceii des cellules de la batterie 2, des moyens de mesure 15 du courant de charge délivré à la batterie, et des moyens de traitement 1 6 déterminant le module et la phase de l' impédance des cellules pour chaque mesure de tension. Les moyens de traitement 15 permettent également de déterminer un mo dèle de réponse dynamique de la batterie et/ou des cellules 2 à partir des valeurs de module et de phase de l ' impédance de la batterie et/ou des cellules 2 déterminées pour différentes valeurs de fréquence de diagnostic. In order to carry out the impedance spectroscopy, the diagnostic means 12 comprise means 14 for measuring the voltages V ce ii of the cells of the battery 2, means 15 for measuring the charge current delivered to the battery, and means for processing 1 6 determining the cell impedance module and phase for each voltage measurement. The processing means 15 also make it possible to determine a dynamic response model of the battery and / or the cells 2 from the module and phase values of the impedance of the battery and / or the cells 2 determined for different values. frequency of diagnosis.
Le mo dèle de réponse dynamique de la batterie et/ou des cellules 2 est réalisé à partir de l ' analyse de l ' impédance de la batterie 2, sur une plage fréquentielle donnée. Les paramètres du modèle de réponse dynamique de la batterie 2, c ' est-à-dire du modèle de la dynamique des cellules électrochimiques, sont obtenus par un processus d' identification à partir des donnes fréquentielles. The dynamic response model of the battery and / or cells 2 is made from the analysis of the impedance of the battery 2, over a given frequency range. The parameters of the model of Dynamic response of the battery 2, that is to say the model of the electrochemical cell dynamics, are obtained by a process of identification from the frequency data.
Les moyens de diagnostic 12 comprennent également des moyens de comparaison 17 aptes à comparer le modèle de réponse dynamique déterminé à un modèle de référence représentatif de la dynamique des cellules de la batterie en début de vie pour déterminer l ' état de vieillissement de la batterie et aptes à mettre à jour le modèle de référence à partir du modèle de réponse dynamique déterminé.  The diagnostic means 12 also comprise comparison means 17 able to compare the determined dynamic response model with a reference model representative of the dynamics of the cells of the battery at the beginning of life to determine the state of aging of the battery and able to update the reference model from the determined dynamic response model.
Le modèle de réponse dynamique déterminé au modèle identifié par spectroscopie d' impédance au moyen du dispositif 1 . En comparant le modèle de réponse dynamique déterminé pour un instant donné de la vie de la batterie, au modèle représentatif de la dynamique des cellules de la batterie en début de vie, on déduit l ' état de vieillissement de la batterie audit instant donné de la vie de la batterie.  The dynamic response model determined to the model identified by impedance spectroscopy using the device 1. By comparing the dynamic response model determined for a given moment of battery life, to the representative model of the cell dynamics of the battery at the beginning of life, we deduce the state of aging of the battery at the given moment of the battery. battery life.
De plus, ces paramètres identifiés permettent de mettre à jour le modèle utilisé par le système de gestion de la batterie en remplaçant les anciennes valeurs des paramètres du modèle utilisé par le système de gestion de la batterie par les nouveaux paramètres identifiés .  In addition, these identified parameters make it possible to update the model used by the battery management system by replacing the old values of the parameters of the model used by the battery management system with the new parameters identified.
La figure 2 présente un organigramme d'un procédé de charge comprenant un diagnostic de l ' état de vieillissement de la batterie 2 selon un mode de mise en œuvre.  FIG. 2 presents a flowchart of a charging method comprising a diagnosis of the state of aging of the battery 2 according to an implementation mode.
Dans une première étape 21 0, on couple le dispositif 1 de charge de la batterie 2 à un réseau d' alimentation 3 triphasé ou continu, de manière à charger la batterie 2. Déterminer l ' état de vieillissement de la batterie 2 alors que la batterie 2 est en charge permet de réaliser le diagnostic pour des états de charge différents, et ainsi d'observer le comportement dynamique des cellules électrochimiques pour différents niveaux de charge.  In a first step 21 0, the device 1 for charging the battery 2 is coupled to a three-phase or continuous supply network 3 so as to charge the battery 2. Determine the aging state of the battery 2 while the Battery 2 is in charge allows to carry out the diagnosis for different states of charge, and thus to observe the dynamic behavior of electrochemical cells for different charge levels.
Dans une étape suivante 220, on module les rapports cycliques de hachage de l ' étage élévateur de tension 6 de manière à délivrer un courant de charge Ibatt à la batterie 2 comprenant une composante fréquentielle à une fréquence donnée. On peut utiliser le dispositif 1 de charge illustré sur la figure 1 , embarqué dans le véhicule automobile, pour émettre les harmoniques de courant.  In a following step 220, the hash duty cycles of the step-up stage 6 are modulated so as to deliver a load current Ibatt to the battery 2 comprising a frequency component at a given frequency. One can use the charging device 1 shown in Figure 1, embedded in the motor vehicle, to emit current harmonics.
Dans une étape 230, on mesure les tensions Vceii aux bornes des cellules de la batterie 2 en réponse au courant délivré comprenant la composante fréquentielle, et on mesure le courant de charge délivré Ibatt à la batterie 2. In a step 230, the voltages V ce ii are measured across the cells of the battery 2 in response to the current delivered comprising the frequency component, and the charge current delivered Ibatt is measured at the battery 2.
Dans une étape 240, on détermine à partir de la mesure de tension et de la mesure de courant pour la fréquence donnée, le module et la phase de l ' impédance de la batterie 2.  In a step 240, the module and the phase of the impedance of the battery 2 are determined from the voltage measurement and the current measurement for the given frequency.
Dans une étape 250, on détermine un modèle de réponse dynamique de la batterie 2 à partir des valeurs de module et de phase de l ' impédance de la batterie pour différentes valeurs de fréquence de diagnostic en répétant les étapes 220 à 240. Le diagnostic étant réalisé lors de la charge de la batterie 2, il existe une composante continue dans la mesure de courant. L 'influence de cette composante continue est corrigée lors de la détermination du modèle de réponse dynamique de la batterie 2.  In a step 250, a dynamic response model of the battery 2 is determined from the module and phase values of the battery impedance for different diagnostic frequency values by repeating steps 220 to 240. The diagnosis being realized during the charging of the battery 2, there is a DC component in the current measurement. The influence of this DC component is corrected when determining the dynamic response model of the battery 2.
On détermine, dans une étape 260, l ' état de vieillissement de la batterie 2 à partir d 'une comparaison du modèle de réponse dynamique déterminé à un modèle de référence.  In a step 260, the aging state of the battery 2 is determined from a comparison of the dynamic response model determined with a reference model.
Enfin, dans une étape 270 , on met à jour le modèle de référence à partir du modèle dynamique déterminé.  Finally, in a step 270, the reference model is updated from the determined dynamic model.
Bien qu' il imp lique la génération de perturbations dans le courant de charge de la batterie 2, le diagnostic de l ' état de vieillissement de la batterie 2 n' a que peu d' influence sur la charge . Le rendement n' est dégradé que pendant une courte période.  Although it impulses the generation of disturbances in the charging current of the battery 2, the diagnosis of the state of aging of the battery 2 has only a small influence on the load. The yield is only degraded for a short time.
L 'invention permet ainsi de fournir un système de diagnostic de l ' état de vieillissement de la batterie 2 d'un véhicule automobile améliorant la précision de l ' estimation de l ' état de vieillissement.  The invention thus makes it possible to provide a system for diagnosing the state of aging of the battery 2 of a motor vehicle, improving the accuracy of the estimation of the state of aging.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 . Dispositif ( 1 ) de charge d'une batterie (2) d'un véhicule automobile à traction au moins partiellement électrique à partir d 'un réseau d' alimentation (3), comprenant un étage élévateur de tension (6) destiné à être raccordé à la batterie (2) d'une part et au réseau d' alimentation (3) d' autre part via un étage abaisseur de tension (5), et des moyens de commande (9) aptes à imposer des rapports cycliques de hachage à l'étage abaisseur de tension (5) et à l'étage élévateur de tension (6), caractérisé en ce qu ' il comprend des moyens de diagnostic ( 12) aptes à déterminer l ' état de vieillissement de la batterie (2) lors d'une charge de la batterie (2) . 1. Device (1) for charging a battery (2) of a motor vehicle with at least partially electrical traction from a power supply network (3), comprising a voltage booster stage (6) to be connected to the battery (2) on the one hand and to the supply network (3) on the other hand via a voltage step down stage (5), and control means (9) able to impose cyclic hash ratios at the step-down stage (5) and the step-up stage (6), characterized in that it comprises diagnostic means (12) able to determine the state of aging of the battery (2) during a charge of the battery (2).
2. Dispositif ( 1 ) selon la revendication 1 , dans lequel les moyens de diagnostic ( 12) comprennent des moyens de modulation ( 13) aptes à mo duler la commande des rapports cycliques de hachage de manière à délivrer à la batterie (2) un courant (Ibatt) comprenant une harmonique à une fréquence de diagnostic .  2. Device (1) according to claim 1, wherein the diagnostic means (12) comprise modulation means (13) capable of modulating the control of the hash cycle ratios so as to deliver to the battery (2) a current (Ibatt) comprising a harmonic at a diagnostic frequency.
3. Dispositif ( 1 ) selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, dans lequel les moyens de diagnostic ( 12) comprennent des moyens de mesure ( 14) de la tension (Vbatt) aux bornes de la batterie (2), des moyens de mesure ( 15 ) du courant de charge délivré à la batterie (2), et des moyens de traitement ( 16) aptes à déterminer un mo dèle de réponse dynamique de la batterie (2) à partir des valeurs de module et de phase de l' impédance de la batterie (2) déterminées à partir des mesures de tension aux bornes de la batterie (2) et des mesures de courant pour différentes valeurs de fréquence de diagnostic .  3. Device (1) according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the diagnostic means (12) comprise means (14) for measuring the voltage (Vbatt) across the battery (2), means measuring (15) the charging current delivered to the battery (2), and processing means (16) able to determine a dynamic response model of the battery (2) from the module and phase values of the impedance of the battery (2) determined from the voltage measurements across the battery (2) and current measurements for different diagnostic frequency values.
4. Dispositif ( 1 ) selon la revendication 3 , dans lequel les moyens de diagnostic ( 12) comprennent des moyens de comparaison ( 17) aptes à comparer le modèle de réponse dynamique à un modèle de référence pour déterminer l ' état de vieillissement de la batterie (2) .  4. Device (1) according to claim 3, wherein the diagnostic means (12) comprise comparison means (17) adapted to compare the dynamic response model to a reference model to determine the aging state of the battery (2).
5. Dispositif ( 1 ) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel le réseau d' alimentation (3) est un réseau d' alimentation triphasé ou continu.  5. Device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the supply network (3) is a three-phase or continuous supply network.
6. Procédé de charge d'une batterie (2) d'un véhicule automobile à partir d 'un réseau d' alimentation (3), comprenant une commande des rapports cycliques de hachage d'un étage abaisseur de tension (5) couplé au réseau d' alimentation (3) et d'un étage élévateur de tension (6) couplé à la batterie (2) d'une part et à l' étage abaisseur de tension (5) d' autre part, caractérisé en ce qu' il comprend une étape de détermination l' état de vieillissement de la batterie (2) lors de la charge de ladite batterie (2) . A method of charging a battery (2) of a motor vehicle from a power supply network (3), comprising controlling a cyclic hash ratio of a voltage step down stage (5) coupled to supply network (3) and an elevator stage voltage converter (6) coupled to the battery (2) on the one hand and to the voltage step - down stage (5) on the other hand, characterized in that it comprises a step of determining the state of aging of the battery (2) when charging said battery (2).
7. Procédé selon la revendication 6, dans lequel, pour déterminer l ' état de vieillissement, un courant de charge (Ibatt) de la batterie (2) comprenant une composante fréquentielle à une fréquence de diagnostic est généré à partir d'une mo dulation de la commande des rapports cycliques de hachage de l ' étage élévateur de tension (6) .  7. Method according to claim 6, wherein, to determine the state of aging, a charge current (Ibatt) of the battery (2) comprising a frequency component at a diagnostic frequency is generated from a modulation control of the hash duty cycles of the step - up stage (6).
8. Procédé selon l 'une des revendications 6 ou 7, dans lequel, pour déterminer l ' état de vieillissement, les tensions (Vceii) aux bornes des cellules de la batterie (2) et le courant (Ibatt) de charge délivré à la batterie sont mesurés, et un modèle de réponse dynamique de la batterie (2) est déterminé à partir des valeurs de module et de phase de l' impédance des cellules de la batterie (2) déterminées à partir des mesures de tension (Vbatt) et de courant (Ibatt) pour différentes valeurs de fréquence de diagnostic. 8. Method according to one of claims 6 or 7, wherein, for determining the state of aging, the voltages (V ce ii) across the cells of the battery (2) and the load current (Ibatt) delivered to the battery are measured, and a model of dynamic response of the battery (2) is determined from the module and phase values of the impedance of the cells of the battery (2) determined from the voltage measurements (Vbatt ) and current (Ibatt) for different diagnostic frequency values.
9. Procédé selon la revendication 8 , dans lequel, pour déterminer l ' état de vieillissement, le modèle de réponse dynamique est comparé à un modèle de référence.  The method of claim 8, wherein, to determine the aging condition, the dynamic response model is compared to a reference model.
10. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 6 à 9 , dans lequel le réseau d' alimentation (3) est un réseau d' alimentation triphasé ou continu.  10. Method according to one of claims 6 to 9, wherein the supply network (3) is a three-phase or continuous supply network.
PCT/FR2013/050876 2012-04-20 2013-04-22 Device for charging a battery of an electric-drive motor vehicle comprising onboard diagnostic means WO2013156744A1 (en)

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FR1253657 2012-04-20
FR1253657A FR2989840B1 (en) 2012-04-20 2012-04-20 DEVICE FOR CHARGING A BATTERY OF A MOTOR VEHICLE WITH ELECTRICAL TRACTION COMPRISING ONBOARD DIAGNOSTIC MEANS

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DE102017006334B3 (en) 2017-07-04 2018-11-22 Wihelm Bauer Method and device for detecting and avoiding degradative processes during charging of rechargeable battery cells and their use

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JP2006189436A (en) * 2002-10-21 2006-07-20 Hitachi Ltd Secondary cell evaluation method
DE102009000336A1 (en) * 2009-01-21 2010-07-22 Robert Bosch Gmbh Impedance measurement of electrochemical energy storage in vehicles
WO2012025706A1 (en) * 2010-08-27 2012-03-01 Imperial Innovations Limited Battery monitoring in electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles and other applications

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JP2006189436A (en) * 2002-10-21 2006-07-20 Hitachi Ltd Secondary cell evaluation method
DE102009000336A1 (en) * 2009-01-21 2010-07-22 Robert Bosch Gmbh Impedance measurement of electrochemical energy storage in vehicles
WO2012025706A1 (en) * 2010-08-27 2012-03-01 Imperial Innovations Limited Battery monitoring in electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles and other applications

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102017006334B3 (en) 2017-07-04 2018-11-22 Wihelm Bauer Method and device for detecting and avoiding degradative processes during charging of rechargeable battery cells and their use
DE102017006334B8 (en) * 2017-07-04 2019-02-21 Wilhelm Bauer Method and device for detecting and avoiding degradative processes during charging of rechargeable battery cells and their use

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FR2989840A1 (en) 2013-10-25

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