WO2013035750A1 - 高分子型蛍光分子プローブ - Google Patents
高分子型蛍光分子プローブ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013035750A1 WO2013035750A1 PCT/JP2012/072640 JP2012072640W WO2013035750A1 WO 2013035750 A1 WO2013035750 A1 WO 2013035750A1 JP 2012072640 W JP2012072640 W JP 2012072640W WO 2013035750 A1 WO2013035750 A1 WO 2013035750A1
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- sma
- complex
- fluorescent
- fluorescent molecule
- maleic acid
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fluorescent molecular probe for fluorescence detection (visualization) of a tumor using, for example, a fluorescence endoscope or a fluorescence laparoscope, or for performing photodynamic therapy in addition to fluorescence detection. .
- Cancer is the leading cause of death in Japanese.
- the results of the treatment include a number of other carcinomas such as lung cancer, breast cancer, metastatic liver cancer, aside from successful early gastric and uterine cancer surgery, and relatively good results from chemotherapy with lymphocytic leukemia.
- advanced cancer cases such as pancreatic cancer, esophageal cancer, gallbladder / bile duct cancer, renal cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, brain tumor, cancerous chest / peritonitis (Non-patent document 1: Fortune magazine, March 2004 issue).
- the present inventors have mainly studied high molecular weight drugs as a method for selectively delivering a high molecular weight to a tumor site, and discovered and reported an EPR (enhanced permeability and retention) effect as a new concept.
- EPR enhanced permeability and retention
- Patent Literature 1 International Publication WO2004 / 103409
- Patent Literature 2 International Publication WO2006 / 112361
- Non-Patent Literature 3 Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 6, 181-202 (1991)
- Non-Patent Literature 4 J. Control .Release, 74, 47-61 (2001)
- Non-Patent Document 5 Bioconj. Chem. 21, 797-802 (2010), etc.].
- An object of the present invention is to efficiently perform fluorescence detection (visualization) of a tumor using, for example, a fluorescence endoscope or a fluorescence laparoscope, or to perform photodynamic therapy in addition to fluorescence detection.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a polymer-type fluorescent molecular probe and a novel complex that can be used for the fluorescent molecular probe.
- a polymer type fluorescent (FL) molecular probe that emits fluorescence by irradiating light in a specific wavelength region, or emits fluorescence, and Succeeded in producing a complex that can be used as a polymer-type fluorescent / photosensitized (FL / PS) molecular probe capable of producing singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ), which is one of active oxygens, under light irradiation.
- FL polymer type fluorescent
- FL / PS polymer-type fluorescent / photosensitized
- a complex comprising a fluorescent molecule and a biocompatible polymer, A composite in which the biocompatible polymer is selected from a hydroxypropyl methacrylamide copolymer, a hydroxypropyl methacrylamide copolymer with a functional group added thereto, and a mixture thereof.
- a complex comprising a fluorescent molecule and a biocompatible polymer
- the above fluorescent molecules are rose bengal, indocyanine green, Zn-bonded phthalocyanidins, porphyrins, Zn-bonded pheophorbite, methylene blue, Zn-bonded phoscam, Zn orthophenanthroline, Cu phenanthroline, acriflavine, acrinal, acridinediamine Acridine, acridine orange, tetracycline, aminofluorescein, tetramethylrhodamine, aminorhodamine, dichlorofluorescein, and mixtures thereof;
- the biocompatible polymer is a styrene-maleic acid copolymer, a styrene-maleic acid copolymer having a multifunctional maleic acid side chain, a hydroxypropyl methacrylamide copolymer, serum albumin, transferrin, immunity globulin, alpha 1 acid
- [6] The complex according to [4] or [5], wherein the fluorescent molecule is selected from rose bengal, methylene blue, Zn-binding phoscum, acridine, riboflavin, chlorophyll, porphyrins, and mixtures thereof.
- the biocompatible polymer is selected from a styrene-maleic acid copolymer, a styrene-maleic acid copolymer having a multi-functionalized maleic acid side chain, and a mixture thereof. 5].
- the above-described fluorescent molecule and the biocompatible polymer are bonded by non-covalent bonding, and the biocompatible polymer forms a micelle including the fluorescent molecule. 4] to [7].
- [11] The method for producing the complex according to [7], including the following steps: (A) solubilizing a styrene-maleic acid copolymer (SMA) or a derivative thereof with alkaline water having a pH of more than 8, (B) adding a fluorescent molecule to the aqueous solution of SMA or its derivative obtained in step (a); (C) The step of precipitating the SMA-fluorescent molecule complex by setting the pH of the mixed solution obtained in step (b) to less than 5 with an acid.
- SMA styrene-maleic acid copolymer
- [12] The method for producing the complex according to [7], including the following steps: (A) bonding a maleic acid residue or maleic anhydride residue of a styrene-maleic acid copolymer (SMA) or a derivative thereof to a functional group of a spacer reactive with those residues; (B) A step of bonding the functional group of the spacer portion of the product obtained in step (a) with the functional group of the fluorescent molecule that is reactive therewith.
- SMA styrene-maleic acid copolymer
- SMA styrene-maleic acid copolymer
- the present invention since it is possible to impart tumor targeting to existing fluorescent (FL) molecules, it is possible to detect fluorescence of a minute cancer having a diameter of several millimeters. That is, the tumor can be specifically visualized (detected) by irradiating excitation light using an endoscope light source and causing the probe to emit light.
- the fluorescent molecule is a photosensitized (PS) molecule having further photosensitization, singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) is generated by irradiating excitation light, and tumor cells (tissue) Can be killed (photodynamic therapy).
- a fluorescent part that emits light by introducing and irradiating a light source including a wavelength required from outside through an endoscope, a laparoscope, a cystoscope, or the like is a cancer part. , Enabling highly sensitive detection and treatment of cancer at the same time.
- HPMA-ZnPP does not emit fluorescence in an aqueous solution, but fluorescence appears when micelles are destroyed by 0.5% Tween20. It is a figure which shows the molecular mode of the particle size by the dynamic light scattering method of (a) HPMA-PP micelle and (b) HPMA-ZnPP micelle. It is a figure which shows the blood dynamics of (a) FreePP and HPMA-PP, (b) Free ZnPP and HPMA-ZnPP. As for AUC (area under the concentration of drug), HPMA-PP or HPMA-ZnPP was tens of times higher than FreePP or Free ZnPP, and was significantly more significant. Is a diagram illustrating the generation of singlet oxygen [1 O 2] by Rose Bengal under the excitation light irradiation. It is a figure which shows the cell killing effect with respect to human pancreatic cancer cell PC1.0 cell by SMA-MB micelle.
- the polymeric fluorescent molecular probe of the present invention comprises a complex comprising a fluorescent (FL) molecule (hereinafter also referred to as “FL molecule”) and a biocompatible polymer.
- FL molecule fluorescent molecule
- Singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) which can be used for fluorescence detection (visualization) of a tumor using a scope or a fluorescent laparoscope
- FL molecule is one of active oxygen under light irradiation
- FL / PS molecule a photosensitized (PS) molecule
- the “fluorescence (FL) molecule” is a molecule that emits fluorescence when irradiated with light in a specific wavelength range, such as rose bengal, indocyanine green (ICG), Zn-bonded phthalocyanidins, porphyrins, Zn-bond Pheophorbite, methylene blue, Zn-bonded phoscam, Zn orthophenanthroline, Cu phenanthroline, acriflavine, acrinal, acridinediamine, acridine, acridine orange, tetracycline, aminofluorescein, tetramethylrhodamine, aminorhodamine, dichloro Fluorescein, Zn-bonded protoporphyrin (ZnPP), aclarubicin, doxorubicin, pirarubicin, etc., preferably rose bengal, indocyanine green (ICG) Methylene blue, Zn binding Fosukamu, Z
- FL / PS molecules photosensitized (PS) molecules (FL / PS molecules) capable of producing singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ), which is one of active oxygens, are preferable under light irradiation.
- the FL / PS molecule include rose bengal, methylene blue, Zn-bonded phoscam, Zn-bonded protoporphyrin (ZnPP), aclarubicin, doxorubicin, pirarubicin, etc., preferably rose bengal, methylene blue, Zn-bonded phoscam, Zn-bonded proto Porphyrin is mentioned.
- FL molecules (including FL / PS molecules) can be used alone or as a mixture.
- biocompatible polymer is not antigenic or immunogenic to the living body, does not induce allergies, shocks, etc., does not act on the blood coagulation system and complement system, and It is a polymer that does not remain in the body for a long time and does not exhibit toxicity, and the above-mentioned FL molecule is polymerized (molecular size of molecular weight of tens of thousands or more) to achieve high concentration accumulation in tumors by the EPR effect It is used to do.
- SMA styrene-maleic acid copolymer
- HPMA hydroxypropyl methacrylamide polymer
- HPMA hydroxypropyl methacrylamide polymer
- SMA SMA having a multi-functionalized maleic acid side chain
- HPMA hydroxypropyl methacrylamide polymer
- HPMA hydroxypropyl methacrylamide polymer
- HPMA HPMA with a functional group added
- serum albumin transferrin
- Immunoglobulin ⁇ 1 acidic glycoprotein
- ⁇ 1 antitrypsin polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, chitin / chitosan, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, solubilized gelatin, polyamino acid (eg, polyaspartic acid), and the like.
- SMA, SMA having its multifunctional side chain moiety, HPMA, HPMA having a functional group added thereto, and serum albumin are preferable.
- the biocompatible polymer can be used alone or as a mixture.
- a biocompatible polymer is used as a mixture of two or more types, not all biocompatible polymers may be bound to FL molecules, and only specific biocompatible polymers are bound to FL molecules. May be.
- biocompatible polymers may be bound to each other (for example, SMA-albumin, SMA-transferrin, HPMA-albumin, HPMA-transferrin, etc. described later).
- the styrene-maleic acid copolymer is generally a copolymer having a repeating unit represented by the following formula (1), and is derived from a structural unit derived from styrene and maleic acid (including maleic anhydride).
- the constituent unit is an essential unit.
- SMA may be a commercially available product or may be synthesized by a known method. Generally, it is obtained by copolymerization of styrene and maleic anhydride. In this case, the part derived from maleic acid becomes an anhydride, but it may be used as it is or may be hydrolyzed to form a free acid part before use.
- SMA with multifunctional side chain of maleic acid examples include, for example, those in which albumin or transferrin is bonded to the carboxyl group of the side chain, and the carboxyl group of the side chain is ethylated, butylated, butyl cellosolved
- the side chain carboxyl group is amidated, aminoethylated, trishydroxyaminoethylated, hydroxyaminomethanated, mercaptoethylamined, polyethylene glycol (PEG), amino acidated (lysine) And cysteine, other amino acid conjugates, etc.), or those modified with hydrazine.
- SMA in which albumin or transferrin is bound to the side chain carboxyl group examples include SMA-albumin and SMA-transferrin.
- SMA in which the carboxyl group in the side chain is butylated or butyl cellosolved
- SMA registered trademark
- Resins Stemomer
- HPMA hydroxypropyl methacrylamide polymer
- HPMA is a polymer having a repeating unit represented by [] in the following formula (2).
- HPMA is excellent in biocompatibility and does not exhibit immunogenicity and inflammatory properties, so it can be advantageously used as a component of the complex of the present invention.
- the HPMA in the present invention may be a commercially available product or may be synthesized by a known method. In general, synthesis is performed from a hydroxypropylacrylamide monomer by carrying out a radical polymerization reaction in a conventional manner (for example, at a temperature of 70 ° C.) using AIBN (2,2′-azobis-isobutylonitrile) as an initiator in a solvent dimethylacetamide. can do.
- HPMA having a functional group added examples include, for example, a derivative in which a functional group having an amino group at the end is added as shown by the formula (2), a carboxyl group, an arbitrary amino acid or peptide, or hydrazine. Derivatives added, or amidation, ethylamination, mercaptoethylamination, trishydroxymethanation and the like can be mentioned. These HPMA derivatives can be produced, for example, by a reaction generally performed in a solvent or an aqueous solution in peptide synthesis. For example, in the case of the derivative of the above formula (2), the FL molecule or the FL / PS molecule can be bonded via the terminal amino group or the hydroxypropyl group.
- the hydroxyl group on HPMA can be changed to normal or both of two carboxyl groups on protoporphyrin.
- a desired conjugate can be synthesized by coupling by a reaction using a dehydration condensing agent to form an amide bond or an ester bond (in FIG. 9a, the bond of the insertion HPMA-PP is an ester bond). ).
- the number of PP to be bound to HPMA is not particularly limited.
- an amide bond may be formed with a carboxyl group such as albumin or transferrin to form a conjugate (HPMA-albumin, HPMA-transferrin, etc.). it can.
- conjugates can be used in the present invention to form complexes with fluorescent (FL) molecules.
- the SMA and HPMA have various molecular weights depending on the degree of polymerization, but the SMA used in the present invention preferably has a molecular weight of about 40 KDa to trimer (about 660 Da), more preferably 800 to 2500. It has a molecular weight. Further, HPMA preferably has a molecular weight of 1000 to 20000.
- the complex comprising the fluorescent (FL) molecule and the biocompatible polymer can be produced by, for example, [Method I] to [Method III] shown below.
- the FL molecule and the bioaffinity polymer form a complex with a covalent bond, and the FL molecule and the bioaffinity polymer bind without a covalent bond to form a composite
- Complexes bound through covalent bonds can also assemble and bind non-covalently to form micelles (see, eg, FIG. 9b).
- Method I Conversion of fluorescent molecules to styrene-maleic acid copolymer (SMA) micelle
- SMA styrene-maleic acid copolymer
- Method I is a method in which fluorescent molecules are encapsulated in SMA micelles. In this case, the fluorescent molecule is not covalently bound to SMA.
- SMA is left to contain a maleic anhydride part, or if necessary, after hydrolyzing the part or derivatizing such as alkyl esterification, SMA is treated with alkaline water (water containing alkali, For example, the pH is adjusted to more than 8 (for example, around pH 8.5) with 0.1 M NaOH aqueous solution) to solubilize SMA.
- the weight ratio of the SMA and the fluorescent molecule is not particularly limited as long as the SMA micelle containing the fluorescent molecule is formed.
- the fluorescent molecule is added to 100 parts by weight of SMA. 1 to 80 parts by weight can be used.
- the temperature and time for mixing SMA and fluorescent molecules (under stirring) are not particularly limited. For example, the temperature and time may be about 1 to 2 hours near room temperature (25 ° C.).
- the mixture is then acidified to the pH below 5 (eg around pH 4.8) by adding an acid (eg 0.1 M hydrochloric acid). As a result, a precipitate of SMA micelles of fluorescent molecules is obtained.
- the obtained precipitate is collected by centrifugation (for example, at 5000 rpm), and the supernatant is removed. Thereby, a fluorescent molecule-SMA (micelle) complex is obtained.
- the obtained complex (precipitate) can be purified as necessary.
- the purification method is not particularly limited and can be performed by a known method.
- the complex (precipitate) is solubilized with alkaline water at pH 7 to 8, dialyzed, ultrafiltered, and concentrated. By repeating the step, the complex can be purified.
- the obtained complex can be freeze-dried after purification.
- Method II is a method of binding a fluorescent molecule to SMA via a spacer to the maleic acid residue of SMA. That is, it is a method of covalently binding a fluorescent molecule to SMA.
- the spacer has a functional group (for example, an amino group, a carboxyl group, or a hydroxyl group) that is reactive with the maleic acid residue or maleic anhydride residue of SMA, and the fluorescent molecule
- the molecule is not particularly limited as long as it is a molecule having a functional group reactive to the functional group (for example, amino group or hydroxyl group).
- the amount (molar ratio) of the spacer used is 0.1 to 1.0 mol relative to 1 mol of plural maleic anhydride groups in SMA.
- a maleic acid residue or maleic anhydride residue of SMA is bonded to a functional group of a spacer reactive with those residues (step (a)).
- the temperature and time at this time are not particularly limited. For example, the temperature and time may be about overnight at room temperature (25 ° C.).
- the functional group of the spacer portion of the product obtained in the step (a) is bonded to the functional group of the fluorescent molecule reactive with the functional group (step (b)).
- the temperature and time at this time are not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 0 to 80 ° C., preferably 4 to 30 ° C. for about 1 to 300 hours.
- the pH at this time may vary depending on the SMA, fluorescent molecules and spacers used, but may be 8.5 to 9.0, for example.
- FITC labeling using lysine as a spacer is shown (FIG. 2).
- lysine arginine, histidine, diaminoethane, ⁇ -aminocaproic acid and the like can be used.
- 100 mg of L-lysine (Lys) hydrochloride is dissolved in 50 ml of 0.1 M aqueous NaHCO 3 solution.
- the SMA copolymer containing maleic anhydride is then added and allowed to react overnight at room temperature with stirring.
- reaction solution is separated with Sephadex G-50 to separate unreacted L-lysine and SMA-Lys (lysine SMA) and collect the SMA-Lys fraction.
- the eluted components are monitored by absorption at OD 230-260 nm.
- This reaction can be carried out in the presence of a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide and the like.
- the lyophilized product (100 mg) is similarly dissolved in 50 ml of a 0.1 M NaHCO 3 aqueous solution at pH 8.5 to 9.0.
- FITC-labeled SMA is obtained by a reaction according to the above 0.1M NaHCO 3 .
- rhodamine-SMA complex can be produced by using rhodamine isothiocyanate (RITC) instead of FITC.
- Method III Method for producing a complex in which a fluorescent molecule and a biocompatible polymer (HPMA) are directly covalently bonded
- Method III is a method in which a fluorescent dye, a photosensitizer, or the like is combined with a hydroxypropylmethacrylamide polymer (HPMA) or the like. Therefore, the functional group such as a carboxyl group, amino group, hydroxyl group or ketone group of a fluorescent dye or a photosensitizer is used.
- the amino group contained in HPMA or a derivative thereof (see the above formula (2)), hydroxyl group It is bonded through a chemical reaction with a group, carboxyl group, cysteine group, hydrazine group or the like.
- the weight ratio between the biocompatible polymer and the fluorescent molecule is not particularly limited.
- the temperature and time during the reaction between the biocompatible polymer and the fluorescent molecule are not particularly limited.
- the reaction may be performed at around 30 ° C. for about 5 to 20 hours.
- a fluorescent dye such as protoporphyrin IX or a photosensitizer (281 mg) is dissolved in DMSO, and HPMA (570 mg) is added with stirring with a magnetic stirrer.
- Triethylamine (1 g), dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) (1.2 g), and water-soluble carbodiimide (WSC, 1-ethyl-3- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide) (1.92 g) were added to the solution and stirred.
- the reaction is performed at 50 ° C under.
- DCC (dicyclohexylcarbodiimide) can be used instead of WSC, and the reaction can be performed in a solvent.
- HPMA-PP protoporphyrin-bound HPMA
- the resulting precipitate is dissolved in dimethylformamide and applied to a gel permeation chromatography (BioBeads S-X1) column to remove unreacted PP.
- HPMA-PP is dissolved in distilled water, ultrafiltered, or applied to a Sephadex G-25 or G-50 column (size: ⁇ 1.0-5.0 cm ⁇ L30 cm-1.5 m) and distilled water. Elute. Subsequently, a powder is obtained by freeze-drying.
- Method IV Method for producing a complex in which a fluorescent molecule and a biocompatible polymer (protein) are directly covalently bonded
- Method IV is a combination of FLRESEIN isothiocyanate (FITC), tetramethylrhodamine, etc., because FL and the like are bound to proteins. It uses functional groups (reactive groups) such as isothiocyanate (—NCS) groups contained in various fluorescent dyes such as isothionate (TRITC), and through a chemical reaction with protein amino groups, serum albumin, A fluorescent molecule is covalently bonded to an amino group on a serum protein molecule such as transferrin or immunoglobulin (IgG).
- FITC FLRESEIN isothiocyanate
- TRITC isothionate
- the weight ratio between the biocompatible polymer and the fluorescent molecule is not particularly limited, but for example, 0.5 to 10 parts by weight of the fluorescent molecule is used with respect to 100 parts by weight of the biocompatible polymer. can do.
- the temperature and time during the reaction between the biocompatible polymer and the fluorescent molecule are not particularly limited.
- the reaction may be performed at around room temperature (25 ° C.), for example, about 5 to 6 hours, and about 20 hours in the long case. .
- the pH at the time of the reaction between the biocompatible polymer and the fluorescent molecule is 7 to 10, for example, preferably 8.5.
- Human serum albumin (100 mg) is dissolved in 0.1 M NaHCO 3 and the pH is adjusted to 8.0-9.0 with stirring with a magnetic stirrer.
- a fluorescent reagent (20 mg) such as a fluorescent dye tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate (TRITC) is added to the solution at room temperature, and stirring is continued.
- the reaction is continued for 5 to 6 hours, and for more fluorescent labeling, pH> 8.5 and 20 hours.
- the reaction product is dialyzed with distilled water as usual in order to remove reaction products and unreacted products.
- the biocompatible polymer is selected from HPMA, HPMA having a functional group added thereto, and a mixture thereof. , Not known so far.
- FL molecules are rose bengal, indocyanine green (ICG), Zn-bonded phthalocyanidins, porphyrins, Zn-bonded pheophorbite, methylene blue, Zn-bonded phoscam (Fosscan), Zn orthophenanthroline, Cu phenanthroline, acriflavine, acrinal, acridinediamine, acridine, acridine orange, tetracycline, aminofluorescein, tetramethylrhodamine, aminorhodamine, dichlorofluorescein (preferably rose bengal, indocyanine green (ICG), methylene blue, Zn-bonded phosphorous , Tetramethylrhodamine), and mixtures thereof, and the biocompatible polymer is styrene-maleic acid copolymer (SMA), SMA that maleic acid side chain portion is multifunctional, hydroxypropyl methacrylamide poly
- the polymer-type fluorescent molecular probe of the present invention can be administered intravenously or in the nutritional artery of a tumor, or orally as an oil preparation. After administration, the fluorescent molecular probe accumulates and deeply stains in the tumor site due to the EPR effect.
- a cancer daughter nodule for example, metastatic cancer on the pleura, omentum and diaphragm can be observed under a fluorescent laparoscope.
- the “fluorescence endoscope” is not particularly limited as long as it is equipped with an optical system that matches the spectral characteristics of each FL and PS, in particular, a filter. Optics include those equipped with the above filter system.
- Asahi Spectra Max-303 manufactured by Asahi Spectra
- the “fluorescent laparoscope” is not particularly limited as long as it has the same spectral characteristics as described above, and examples thereof include SK-2D10D or SK-2D05S manufactured by Shinko Kogyo.
- the polymer-type fluorescent molecular probe of the present invention decays only when it is taken into a cancer cell by endocytosis, thereby releasing the fluorescent molecule into the cell.
- These are free molecules, and if they are also photosensitized molecules, light irradiation generates singlet oxygen [ 1 O 2 ], which is one of the active oxygens, for the first time, which exerts a cell killing effect. It is a micelle.
- photodynamic therapy refers to a tumor that is irradiated with an endoscopic light source mainly in a luminal organ, or is formed on the surface of a body after several hours to 2 days after administration of a PS-containing polymerized drug.
- photosensitized (PS) molecular probes in photodynamic therapy have been a major problem in that they are distributed not only to the tumor site but also to the whole body.
- ICG indocyanine green
- PS photosensitizing
- Singlet oxygen [ 1 O 2 ] is very reactive and can move only about 0.1 ⁇ m in vivo. This means that cytotoxicity cannot be exerted unless PS, which is a source of singlet oxygen, is taken into the target cells.
- PS fluorescence / photosensitization
- FS / PS fluorescence / photosensitization
- the advantage of polymerisation using the SMA micellization method is that the FS / PS probe can be taken up into the cell.
- FL / PS conjugates such as albumin, transferrin, and IgG also promote intracellular uptake by SMA formation.
- Another problem is that non-specific fluorescence outside the tumor site can be a major problem when aiming for tumor-specific fluorescence detection.
- the distribution and diffusion of drugs to normal tissues is characterized by the polymer probe being minute due to the EPR effect, but in order to develop the EPR effect, the FS / PS probe needs to circulate in the blood for a long time. is there. At that time, there is a possibility that fluorescent emission from the blood occurs and a sufficient tumor-specific fluorescence S / N ratio cannot be obtained as a fluorescence background.
- This problem can be solved by micellization using the SMA micelle of the present invention.
- the molecules pressed tightly in the SMA micelle are in a state of being overlaid compactly, and in this case, the fluorescence is not generated and is quenched. Accordingly, singlet oxygen [ 1 O 2 ] is not generated in the case of PS in the SMA micelle. That is, fluorescence due to light irradiation is not observed in blood existing as SMA micelles.
- the SMA micelles collapse only when the polymerized FS / PS probe reaches the tumor tissue by the EPR effect and is taken up by the tumor cells, and the FS / PS layered in the micelle is released, and the free FS / PS PS.
- FS / PS in the free form When FS / PS in the free form is irradiated with light in the excitation wavelength region, it immediately emits fluorescence and generates 1 O 2 (singlet oxygen). Therefore, the probe accumulated in the SMA micelle has no fluorescence in the blood even when exposed to light, and no singlet oxygen [ 1 O 2 ] is generated (FIG. 4). It is non-fluorescent, and there is no non-specific fluorescence or generation of 1 O 2 in normal tissues. Visualization detection and generation of 1 O 2 are possible by tumor-specific fluorescence.
- the complex of the present invention can be used for photodynamic therapy (PDT) such as a tumor.
- Light sources used for PDT include He / Ne lasers, xenon light sources, etc.
- FL used in the present invention is compatible with a wide range of excitation wavelengths of fluorescent molecules, and is therefore fixed in the present invention.
- a xenon light source can be preferably used rather than a single wavelength laser.
- an endoscope, a laparoscope, and a bladder equipped with a CCD camera equipped with an excitation wavelength filter and a fluorescent transmission filter that match the characteristics of the fluorescent molecular probe. A mirror or the like can be used.
- Methylene blue (MB) -containing SMA micelle SMA-MB micelle
- SMA copolymer Sartomer
- Sartomer alkyl ester derivative partially semi-butylated SMA, etc.
- 30 mg of methylene blue (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) powder is added in units of 5 to 10 mg with stirring.
- This product is equipped with a cut-off 10 kDa molecular sieve membrane of Millipore LabScale TFF system, applied to the dialysis concentrator, concentrated under pressure up to 30 ml, added with 400 ml of distilled water, and dialyzed and concentrated up to 40 ml twice. When concentrated, it was freeze-dried. A blue powder was obtained in a yield of 90-100 mg.
- the UV-VIS spectrum and fluorescence spectrum are shown in FIG.
- Example 2 Indocyanine green (ICG) -containing SMA micelle (SMA-ICG micelle) A SMA-ICG micelle (yield: about 100 mg) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that indocyanine green (ICG) was used instead of methylene blue.
- ICG indocyanine green
- Example 3 Rose Bengal (RB) -containing SMA micelle (SMA-RB micelle) A SMA-RB micelle (yield: about 100 mg) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that rose bengal (RB) was used instead of methylene blue.
- the UV-VIS spectrum and fluorescence spectrum are shown in FIG.
- Example 4 SMA micelle containing Zn phoscam (Zn-foscan) (SMA-Zn-foscan micelle) SMA-Zn-foscan micelles (yield: about 90 mg) were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that Zn phoscam (Zn-foscan) was used instead of methylene blue.
- Zn phoscam Zn-foscan
- the UV-VIS spectrum and fluorescence spectrum are shown in FIG.
- HPMA-PP protoporphyrin-bound HPMA
- HPMA-PP is dissolved in distilled water, and ultrafiltration using a 100 kDa dialysis membrane, or a Sephadex G-25 or G-50 column (size: ⁇ 1.0 to 5.0 cm ⁇ L 30 cm to 1.5 m) ) And eluted with distilled water.
- the UV-VIS spectrum and fluorescence spectrum are shown in FIGS. 9a and 9c.
- Zn-protoporphyrin (280 mg) was used instead of protoporphyrin IX to obtain HPMA-ZnPP (yield: about 630 mg).
- UV-VIS spectrum and fluorescence spectrum are shown in FIGS. 9b and 9d.
- HPMA-PP dissolved in physiological saline was administered from the tail vein of ddY mice to HPMA-PP (30 mg / kg). At 5 minutes, 2 hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours after administration, the mice were sacrificed under ether anesthesia, opened, and blood was collected from the vena cava using a heparin-containing syringe. After centrifugation (2,000 rpm, 4 ° C., 20 minutes), plasma was collected.
- HPMA-PP 10 ⁇ L of plasma was added to 2 mL of DMSO, the fluorescence intensity of HPMA-PP (635 to 660 nm) was measured with a fluorescence spectrophotometer (420 nm excitation), and the time course of HPMA-PP concentration in plasma was measured. As a result, HPMA-PP was tens of times more significant than FreePP (see FIG. 11a).
- HPMA-ZnPP was treated in the same manner, the fluorescence intensity of HPMA-ZnPP (580 nm to 660 nm) was measured, and the time course of HPMA-ZnPP concentration in plasma was measured. As a result, HPMA-ZnPP was dozens of times superior to Free ZnPP (see FIG. 11b).
- Rhodamine-conjugated albumin (covalent conjugate) 100 mg of human serum albumin was dissolved in 0.1 M NaHCO 3 , and the pH was adjusted to 8.0 to 9.0 with stirring with a magnetic stirrer. 20 mg of a fluorescent reagent such as a fluorescent dye tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate (TRITC) (manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich) was added to the solution at room temperature, and stirring was continued. The reaction was continued for about 5-6 hours, and for more fluorescent labeling, pH> 8.5, 20 hours. Then, dialyzed with distilled water as usual to remove reaction products and unreacted products.
- TRITC fluorescent dye tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate
- Example 7 Detection of tumor by polymer fluorescent molecular probe 2 ⁇ 10 6 S-180 cancer cells were transplanted one by one on the left and right lower back of ddY mice. When the solid tumor became 5 to 8 mm in diameter, rhodamine-bound albumin (200 mg / kg) obtained in Example 7 or SMA-ICG micelle (30 mg / kg) obtained in Example 2 was intravenously administered. The mice were observed for fluorescence after 15 hours. The result is shown in FIG. In FIG.
- (A) shows a mouse administered with rhodamine-conjugated albumin (excitation light source uses a band pass filter that transmits 535 nm ⁇ 15 nm and fluorescence transmits 600 nm ⁇ 10 nm), and (B) shows a mouse administered with SMA-ICG. (Excitation light source is 710 nm ⁇ 15 nm, fluorescence uses a band pass filter that transmits 800 nm ⁇ 10 nm).
- Example 8 ESR generation of Rose singlet oxygen [1 O 2] produced by Rose Bengal under generate excitation light irradiation of singlet oxygen by Bengal [1 O 2] under the excitation light irradiation (electron spin resonance: This was proved by electron spin resonance spectrum. That is, 1 O 2 radicals were detected using the spin trapping agent TEMP: (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine) (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.). TEMP is a commonly used spin trapping agent that traps singlet oxygen, and as a result, the produced 1 O 2 adduct of TEMP is detected as a triplet signal by an electron resonance apparatus (ESR).
- ESR electron resonance apparatus
- TEMP was added to a physiological saline solution containing 33.0 ⁇ M of SMA-rose bengal (SMA-RB) micelle or rose bengal (RB) obtained in Example 3, and light was applied to the solution. Irradiation was performed under the following conditions, and measurement was performed by ESR. The ESR measurement was performed using an X-band type ESR apparatus (JEOL Ltd., FA100) under the conditions of Microwave power 4.0 mW, amplitude 200 kHz, modulation width 0.1 [mT].
- SMA-RB SMA-rose bengal
- RB rose bengal
- the light source was irradiated at a distance of 10 cm from a lens opening of a xenon lamp 650W (Master Projector Co., Ltd., Master Lux-S, RIKEN SEIKI Co., Ltd., Tokyo) under cooling with a fan.
- a singlet oxygen signal was detected by light irradiation in SMA-RB micelles as well as free RB, but the intensity increased depending on the irradiation time.
- free RB the increase in the signal was attenuated after the irradiation time of 10 minutes, and the signal intensity became undetectable by irradiation for 20 minutes or more.
- Example 9 Cell killing effect on human pancreatic cancer cell PC1.0 cells by SMA-MB micelle
- Human pancreatic cancer cell PC1.0 was seeded in a 96-well culture plate at 1000 cells / well and cultured overnight. Thereafter, methylene blue (MB) or SMA-methylene blue micelle (SMA-MB) at each concentration was added to the cells and cultured for 48 hours.
- MB methylene blue
- SMA-MB SMA-methylene blue micelle
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、例えば蛍光内視鏡または蛍光腹腔鏡を用いて、腫瘍を蛍光検出(可視化)するための、あるいは、蛍光検出に加えて、光線力学的療法を施術するための、蛍光分子プローブに関する。
すなわち、本発明の態様には、以下のものが含まれる。
[1] 蛍光分子と生体親和性高分子とを含んでなる複合体を含む、腫瘍を蛍光検出するための高分子型蛍光分子プローブ。
[2] 蛍光内視鏡または蛍光腹腔鏡を用いて腫瘍を蛍光検出するためのものである、上記[1]に記載の高分子型蛍光分子プローブ。
[3] 光線力学的療法における抗腫瘍剤として使用するためのものである、上記[1]または[2]に記載の高分子型蛍光分子プローブ。
[4] 蛍光分子と生体親和性高分子とを含んでなる複合体であって、
上記生体親和性高分子が、ヒドロキシプロピルメタクリルアミド共重合体、ヒドロキシプロピルメタクリルアミド共重合体に官能基を付加したもの、およびそれらの混合物から選択される、複合体。
[5] 蛍光分子と生体親和性高分子とを含んでなる複合体であって、
上記蛍光分子が、ローズベンガル、インドシアニングリーン、Zn結合フタロシアニジン、ポルフィリン類、Zn結合フェオフォルバイト、メチレンブルー、Zn結合フォスカム、Znオルソフェナンスロリン、Cuフェナンスロリン、アクリフラビン、アクリナール、アクリジンジアミン、アクリジン、アクリジンオレンジ、テトラサイクリン、アミノフルオレセイン、テトラメチルローダミン、アミノローダミン、ジクロロフルオレセイン、およびそれらの混合物から選択され、
上記生体親和性高分子が、スチレン-マレイン酸共重合体、そのマイレン酸側鎖部が多機能化されたスチレン-マレイン酸共重合体、ヒドロキシプロピルメタクリルアミド共重合体、血清アルブミン、トランスフェリン、免疫グロブリン、α1酸性糖蛋白質、α1アンチトリプシン、可溶化ゼラチン、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリビニルピロリドン、およびそれらの混合物から選択される、複合体。
[6] 上記蛍光分子が、ローズベンガル、メチレンブルー、Zn結合フォスカム、アクリジン、リボフラビン類、クロロフィル、ポルフィリン類、およびそれらの混合物から選択される、上記[4]または[5]に記載の複合体。
[7] 上記生体親和性高分子が、スチレン-マレイン酸共重合体、そのマイレン酸側鎖部が多機能化されたスチレン-マレイン酸共重合体、およびそれらの混合物から選択される、上記[5]に記載の複合体。
[8] 上記蛍光分子と、上記生体親和性高分子が、非共有結合により結合し、かつ、該生体親和性高分子が該蛍光分子を包含するミセルを形成しているものである、上記[4]~[7]のいずれかに記載の複合体。
[9] 蛍光分子と、生体親和性高分子が、スペーサーを介して共有結合したものである、上記[4]~[7]のいずれかに記載の複合体。
[10] 蛍光分子と、生体親和性高分子が、スペーサーを介さずに直接共有結合したものである、上記[4]~[7]のいずれかに記載の複合体。
[11] 以下の工程を含む、上記[7]に記載の複合体の製造方法:
(a)スチレン-マレイン酸共重合体(SMA)またはその誘導体を、pHが8を超えるアルカリ水で可溶化する工程と、
(b)工程(a)で得られたSMAまたはその誘導体の水溶液中に、蛍光分子を添加する工程と、
(c)工程(b)で得られた混合液のpHを、酸により5未満にしてSMA-蛍光分子複合体を沈殿させる工程。
[12] 以下の工程を含む、上記[7]に記載の複合体の製造方法:
(a)スチレン-マレイン酸共重合体(SMA)またはその誘導体のマレイン酸残基または無水マレイン酸残基と、それらの残基と反応性であるスペーサーの官能基を結合させる工程と、
(b)工程(a)で得られた生成物のスペーサー部分の官能基と、それと反応性である蛍光分子の官能基を結合させる工程。
[13] 以下の工程を含む、上記[7]に記載の複合体の製造方法:
(a)スチレン-マレイン酸共重合体(SMA)またはその誘導体のマレイン酸残基と、それと反応性である蛍光分子の官能基を反応させて結合させる工程。
したがって、本発明によれば、内視鏡あるいは腹腔鏡、膀胱鏡などを介して、外部から必要とする波長を含む光源を導入・照射することにより、発光する蛍光部が癌部であることから、癌の高感度の検出および治療を同時に可能になる。
本発明におけるHPMAは、市販品でもよく、既知の方法によって合成されたものでもよい。一般に、ヒドロキシプロピルアクリルアミドモノマーから、溶媒ジメチルアセトアミド中でAIBN(2,2'-azobis-isobutylonitrile)を開始剤として、ラジカル重合反応を常法(例えば70℃の温度条件下)で行うことにより、合成することができる。
これらのHPMA誘導体は、例えば、ペプチド合成において、溶媒中または水溶液中で一般的に行われている反応によって製造することができる。例えば、上記式(2)の誘導体の場合、末端基のアミノ基またはヒドロキシプロピル基の水酸基を介して、FL分子またはFL/PS分子を結合させることができる。例えば、FL分子またはFL/PS分子がプロトポルフィリン[上記式(3)参照]である場合、プロトポルフィリン上の2個のカルボキシル基の両方または一方に対して、HPMA上のヒドロキシル基を、通常のアミド結合あるいはエステル結合を形成するための脱水縮合剤を用いる反応によって結合させることにより、所望の結合体を合成することができる(図9a中、挿入式HPMA-PPの結合は、エステル結合である)。HPMAに結合させるPPの数は特に限定されない。
方法Iは、蛍光分子をSMAミセル内に内包させる方法である。この場合、蛍光分子はSMAに共有結合していない。これは、例えば、図1のフローチャートにしたがって製造することができる。
まず、SMAを、マレイン酸無水物部分を含むもののまま、あるいは、必要により、その部分を加水分解したり、アルキルエステル化等の誘導体化したりした後、SMAをアルカリ水(アルカリを含有する水、例えば、0.1M NaOH水溶液)によってpHを8超(例えば、pH8.5付近)に調整し、SMAを可溶化する。そこに、蛍光分子を添加して反応させる。混合は攪拌下で行うことが好ましい。
この場合、SMAと蛍光分子の重量比は、特に限定されるものではなく、蛍光分子を内包するSMAミセルが形成される比率であればよいが、例えば、SMA100重量部に対して、蛍光分子を1~80重量部使用することができる。SMAと蛍光分子との混合(攪拌下)時の温度および時間は、特に限定されないが、例えば、室温(25℃)付近で、1~2時間程度行えばよい。
次いで、混合物に、酸(例えば、0.1M 塩酸)を加えて、pHを5未満(例えば、pH4.8付近)に酸性化する。これにより蛍光分子のSMAミセル化物の沈殿物が得られる。得られた沈殿物を、遠心分離(例えば、5000rpmの条件)して回収するとともに、上清を除去する。これにより、蛍光分子-SMA(ミセル)複合体を得る。
得られた複合体(沈殿物)は、必要に応じて精製することができる。精製方法は、特に限定されず、既知の方法で行うことができるが、例えば、複合体(沈殿物)をpH7~8のアルカリ水で可溶化し、これを透析し、限外ろ過し、濃縮する工程を繰り返すことにより、複合体を精製することができる。また、得られた複合体は、精製後、凍結乾燥させることもできる。
まず、SMAコポリマー(あるいはそのアルキルエステル誘導体部分半ブチル化SMAなど)100mgを秤量し、200mlのビーカーにとり蒸留水30~60mlを加え、pHメーターでpHをモニターしながら0.1M NaOHを撹拌下ゆっくり滴下しながらpHを8.5付近にする。次にメチレンブルーの粉末30mgを5~10mgづつ撹拌下に加える。それを室温で撹拌1~2時間の後に0.1M塩酸を徐やかに加え、pHを4.8以下にするとメチレンブルーのSMAミセル化物の沈殿物が得られる。SMAメチレンブルーミセルが完全に沈殿したところで、5000rpmの遠心により沈査を集める。次に、氷冷した1mM HClを60ml加え、懸濁化し、さらに遠心(5000rpm)洗浄し、この沈査を集める。これを蒸留水に300mlに分散させ、0.1M NaOHを滴下し、pHを中性付近にすることで完全に可溶化する。これをミリポア社LabScaleTFFシステムのcut-off 10kDa分子ふるい膜を装着し、その透析濃縮装置にかけ、30mlまで加圧下で濃縮する。次いで、蒸留水400mlを加え、40mlまでの透析・濃縮を2回繰り返し、濃縮したところで凍結乾燥を行う。収量90-100mgで青色の粉末を得る。
上記方法において、メチレンブルーの代わりに、フォスカン、インドシアニングリーン、ローズベンガルその他の蛍光分子を用いることにより、それらを内包する高分子ミセルを製造することができる。
方法IIは、SMAのマレイン酸残基に、スペーサーを介して蛍光分子をSMAに結合させる方法である。すなわち、蛍光分子をSMAに共有結合させる方法である。
上記スペーサーとしては、SMAのマレイン酸残基または無水マレイン酸残基に対して反応性である官能基(例えば、アミノ基、またはカルボキシル基、またはヒドロキシル基など)を有し、かつ、蛍光分子の官能基に対して反応性である官能基(例えば、アミノ基またはヒドロキシル基)を有する分子であれば特に限定されないが、例えば、エチレンジアミン、リジン、システイン、ジアミノエタン、ε-アミノカプロン酸等が挙げられる。
上記スペーサーの使用量(モル比)は、SMA中の複数ある無水マレイン酸基1モル量に対して0.1~1.0モル量である。
上記方法において、まず、SMAのマレイン酸残基または無水マレイン酸残基と、それらの残基と反応性であるスペーサーの官能基を結合させる(工程(a))。この際の温度および時間は、特に限定されないが、例えば、室温(25℃)付近で、一夜程度行えばよい。
次いで、工程(a)で得られた生成物のスペーサー部分の官能基と、それと反応性である蛍光分子の官能基を結合させる(工程(b))。この際の温度および時間は、特に限定されないが、例えば、0℃~80℃、好ましくは4℃~30℃にて、1~300時間程度行えばよい。また、この際のpHは、使用するSMA,蛍光分子およびスペーサーに応じて変動し得るが、例えば、8.5~9.0とすることができる。
この例としてリジンをスペーサーとして用い、FITC標識する方法を示す(図2)。リジンの代わりに、アルギニン、ヒスチジン、ジアミノエタンやε-アミノカプロン酸などを用いることができる。
L-リジン(Lys)塩酸塩100mgを0.1M NaHCO3水溶液50mlに溶解する。次に無水マレイン酸を含むSMAコポリマーを加え、攪拌下に室温で一夜反応させる。翌日、反応液をセファデックスG-50にて、未反応のL-リジンとSMA-Lys(リジン化SMA)を分離し、SMA-Lys画分を回収する。溶出成分はOD 230-260nmの吸収によりモニターする。この反応は、テトラヒドロフラン、ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルスルホキシド等の溶媒の存在下で行うことができる。
その凍結乾燥物(100mg)に対し、同様に0.1M NaHCO3水溶液50mlにpH8.5~9.0で溶解させる。次いで、FITC 20mgを加え、上記0.1M NaHCO3に準じた反応でFITC標識SMAを得る。
上記方法において、FITCの代わりにローダミンイソチオシアネート(RITC)を用いることにより、ローダミン-SMA複合体を製造することができる。
方法IIIは、蛍光色素や光増感剤等をヒドロキシプロピルメタクリルアミド重合体(HPMA)などと結合するため、蛍光色素や光増感剤のカルボキシル基、アミノ基、ヒドロキシル基あるいはケトン基などの官能基を用いるもので、HPMAまたはその誘導体に含まれるアミノ基(上記式(2)参照)、ヒドロキシル基、カルボキシル基、システイン基、あるいはヒドラジン基などとの化学反応を介して結合させる。この場合の生体親和性高分子と蛍光分子の重量比は、特に限定されるものではない。生体親和性高分子と蛍光分子との反応時の温度および時間は、特に限定されないが、例えば、30℃付近で、例えば、5~20時間程度行えばよい。
プロトポルフィリンIXなどの蛍光色素または光増感剤(281mg)をDMSOに溶かし、マグネチックスターラーで撹拌下にHPMA(570mg)を加える。その溶液にトリエチルアミン(1g)、ジメチルアミノピリジン(DMAP)(1.2g)、水溶性カルボジイミド(WSC、1-エチル-3-(3-ジメチルアミノプロピル)カルボジイミド)(1.92g)を加え、撹拌下50℃で反応させる。WSCの代わりにDCC(ジシクロヘキシルカルボジイミド)を用い、溶媒中で行うこともできる。反応は12時間ほど続ける。次いで、反応促進物を除くため、ジエチルエーテルを加え、沈殿物を回収する。この作業を3回繰り返すことにより、プロトポルフィリン結合HPMA(HPMA-PP)の沈殿物を得る。得られた沈殿物をジメチルホルムアミドに溶解し、ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィ(BioBeads S-X1)カラムにかけ、未反応のPPを除去する。次いで蒸留水によりHPMA-PPを溶解し、限外ろ過、あるいはセファデックスG-25またはG-50カラム(サイズ:φ1.0~5.0cm×L30cm~1.5m)のカラムにかけ、蒸留水にて溶出する。次いで、凍結乾燥により粉末を得る。
方法IVは、FL等を蛋白等と結合するため、フロレセインイソチオシアネート(FITC)、テトラメチルローダミンイソチオネート(TRITC)などの各種蛍光色素に含まれるイソチオシアネート(-NCS)基などの官能基(反応基)を用いるもので、蛋白質のアミノ基などとの化学反応を介して、血清アルブミン、トランスフェリン、免疫グロブリン(IgG)など血清タンパク分子上のアミノ基と共有結合で蛍光分子を結合させる。
この場合の生体親和性高分子と蛍光分子の重量比は、特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、生体親和性高分子100重量部に対して、蛍光分子を0.5~10重量部使用することができる。生体親和性高分子と蛍光分子との反応時の温度および時間は、特に限定されないが、例えば、室温(25℃)付近で、例えば、5~6時間程度、長い場合で20時間程度行えばよい。また、生体親和性高分子と蛍光分子との反応時のpHは、7~10で、例えば、8.5であることが好ましい。
ヒト血清アルブミン(100mg)を0.1M NaHCO3に溶かし、マグネチックスターラーで撹拌下にpHを8.0~9.0に調整する。その溶液に室温下に蛍光色素テトラメチルローダーミン・イソチオシアネート(TRITC)などの蛍光化試薬(20mg)を加え撹拌を続ける。反応は5~6時間、より多く蛍光標識するにはpH>8.5、20時間ほど反応を続ける。次いで、反応分解物および未反応物を除くため蒸留水により常法通り透析する。あるいは、セファデックスG-25またはG-50カラム(サイズ:φ1.0~5.0cm×L30cm~1.5m)のカラムにかけ、蒸留水にて溶出する。透析内液またはセファデックスにより脱塩した蛍光標識蛋白質フラククション集めて凍結乾燥して複合体を得る。
上記「蛍光内視鏡」としては、各々のFLおよびPSの分光特性に合致した光学系、とくにフィルターを装備しているものであれば特に限定されないが、例えばオリンパス製やフジフィルム製のファイバー・オプティックスに、上記フィルター系を装備したものが挙げられる。あるいは外部光源としてAsahi Spectra Max-303(Asahi Spectra社製)等を用いることができる。
また、上記「蛍光腹腔鏡」としては、上記と同様の分光特性を備えたものであれば特に限定されないが、例えば新興光器社製のSK-2D10DあるいはSK-2D05Sが挙げられる。
これまで光線力学的療法における光増感(PS)分子プローブは、腫瘍部のみならず全身へ分布することが大きな問題点であった。とくに、皮膚など体表面への分布が原因となる光線過敏症が重大な副作用であり、通常の光の作用(室内、室外ともに)によって、体表皮組織(細胞)に傷害を生ずることが難点である。本発明では、低分子型PSを高分子化することにより、そのプローブを腫瘍部により高率に集積させることに成功した。このため正常皮膚への集積が極めて低く、光線過敏症が生じ難い。さらに重要な事項として、正常組織に比べ、腫瘍への集積性が非常に高いため、既存の低分子型PSでは困難である微小腫瘍の蛍光による可視化、ならびに低エネルギー光照射でも治療効果を発揮するに足る一重項酸素を発生させることが可能になった。これにより、高エネルギーレーザーを使用した際に懸念される神経や血管の切断などの損傷の回避ならびに、より深部にある腫瘍に対する治療効果が期待される。
また、本発明の高分子型蛍光分子プローブを効率よく検出するため、蛍光分子プローブの特性に合致した励起波長フィルターおよび蛍光透過フィルターを装着した、CCDカメラを装備した内視鏡、腹腔鏡、膀胱鏡等を使用することができる。
SMAコポリマー(サートーマー社)(あるいはそのアルキルエステル誘導体部分半ブチル化SMAなど)100mgを秤量し、200mlのビーカーにとり蒸留水30~60mlを加え、pHメーターでpHをモニターしながら0.1M NaOHを撹拌下ゆっくり滴下しながらpHを8.5付近にした。次にメチレンブルー(和光純薬(株))の粉末30mgを5~10mgづつ撹拌下に加える。それを室温で撹拌1~2時間の後に0.1M塩酸を徐やかに加え、pHを4.8以下にするとメチレンブルーのSMAミセル化物の沈殿物が得られる。SMAメチレンブルーミセルが完全に沈殿したところで、5000rpmの遠心により沈査を集め、次に、氷冷した1mM HClを60ml加え、懸濁化し、さらに遠心(5000rpm)洗浄し、この沈査を集めた。これを蒸留水に300mlに分散させ、0.1M NaOHを滴下し、pHを中性付近にすることで完全に可溶化した。このものをミリポア社LabScaleTFFシステムのcut-off 10kDa分子ふるい膜を装着し、その透析濃縮装置にかけ、30mlまで加圧下で濃縮、さらに蒸留水400mlを加え、40mlまでの透析・濃縮を2回繰り返し、濃縮したところで凍結乾燥を行った。収量90-100mgで青色の粉末を得た。
そのUV-VISスペクトルおよび蛍光スペクトルを図5に示す。
メチレンブルーの代わりに、インドシアニングリーン(ICG)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様の手順を行い、SMA-ICGミセル(収量約100mg)を得た。そのUV-VISスペクトルおよび蛍光スペクトルを図6に示す。
メチレンブルーの代わりに、ローズベンガル(RB)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様の手順を行い、SMA-RBミセル(収量約100mg)を得た。そのUV-VISスペクトルおよび蛍光スペクトルを図7に示す。
メチレンブルーの代わりに、Znフォスカム(Zn-foscan)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様の手順を行い、SMA-Zn-foscanミセル(収量 約90 mg)を得た。そのUV-VISスペクトルおよび蛍光スペクトルを図8に示す。
プロトポルフィリンIX(281mg)をDMSOに溶かし、マグネチックスターラーで撹拌下にHPMA(570mg)を加えた。その溶液にテトラエチルアミン(1g)、DMAP(1.2g)、WSC(1.92g)を加え、撹拌下50℃で反応させた。反応は12時間ほど続けた。次いで、反応促進物を除くため、ジエチルエーテルを加え、沈殿物を回収した。この作業を3回繰り返すことにより、プロトポルフィリン結合HPMA(HPMA-PP)の沈殿物を得た。ジメチルホルムアミドに溶解し、ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィ(BioBeads S-X1)カラムにかけ、未反応のPPを除去する。次いで蒸留水によりHPMA-PPを溶解し、100kDaの透析膜を用いた限外ろ過、あるいは、セファデックスG-25またはG-50カラム(サイズ:φ1.0~5.0cm×L30cm~1.5m)のカラムにかけ、蒸留水にて溶出した。次いで、凍結乾燥により粉末を得た(収量約650mg)。そのUV-VISスペクトルおよび蛍光スペクトルを図9aおよび図9cに示す。
プロトポルフィリンIXの代わりにZn-プロトポルフィリン(ZnPP)(280mg)を使用した以外は同様の手順を行い、HPMA-ZnPPを得た(収量約630mg)。そのUV-VISスペクトルおよび蛍光スペクトルを図9bおよび図9dに示す。
上記で得られたHPMA-PPまたはHPMA-ZnPPを1mg/mLとなるように生理食塩水に溶解し、粒子径測定装置(ELSZ2、大塚電子)により測定したHPMA-PPまたはHPMA-ZnPPの粒子径分布を図10aおよび図10bに示す。その結果、HPMA-PPの平均粒子径は、18.2±7.4nmであり、HPMA-ZnPPの平均粒子径は、82.8±41.8nmであった。
生理食塩水に溶解したHPMA-PPを、ddYマウスの尾静脈よりHPMA-PP(30mg/kg)となるように投与した。投与5分、2時間、24時間、48時間後にエーテル麻酔下に屠殺し、開腹しヘパリン含有シリンジを用い、大静脈より採血を行った。遠心分離後(2,000rpm、4℃、20分)、血漿を回収した。2mLのDMSOに10μLの血漿を加え、蛍光分光光度計(420nm励起)により、HPMA-PP(635~660nm)の蛍光強度を測定し、血漿中のHPMA-PP濃度の時間的推移を測定した。その結果、HPMA-PPは、FreePPよりも数十倍有意であった(図11a参照)。
HPMA-ZnPPについても同様に処理し、HPMA-ZnPP(580nm~660nm)の蛍光強度を測定し、血漿中のHPMA-ZnPP濃度の時間的推移を測定した。その結果、HPMA-ZnPPは、Free ZnPPよりも数十倍優位であった(図11b参照)。
ヒト血清アルブミン100mgを0.1M NaHCO3に溶かし、マグネチックスターラーで撹拌下にpHを8.0~9.0に調整した。その溶液に室温下に蛍光色素テトラメチルローダーミン・イソチオシアネート(TRITC)(シグマ・アルドリッチ製)などの蛍光化試薬を20mg加え撹拌を続けた。反応は5~6時間、より多く蛍光標識するにはpH>8.5、20時間ほど反応を続けた。次いで、反応分解物および未反応物を除くため蒸留水により常法通り透析。あるいは、セファデックスG-25またはG-50カラム(サイズ:φ3.0~5.0cm×L70~80cm)のカラムにかけ、蒸留水にて溶出した。透析内液またはセファデックスにより脱塩した蛍光標識蛋白質フラククション集めて凍結乾燥して目的物を得た(収量約98mg)。
ddYマウスの左右下半身背部に各々一カ所ずつ2×106個のS-180癌細胞を移植した。その固形腫瘍が直径5~8mmになったところで、実施例7で得られたローダミン結合アルブミン(200mg/kg)または実施例2で得られたSMA-ICGミセル(30mg/kg)を静脈内投与し、15時間後にマウスを蛍光観察した。その結果を図3に示す。
図3中、(A)はローダミン結合アルブミンを投与したマウス(励起光源は535nm±15nm、蛍光は600nm±10nmを透過するband pass filterを使用)を、(B)はSMA-ICGを投与したマウス(励起光源は710nm±15nm、蛍光は800nm±10nmを透過するband pass filterを使用)を示す。
励起光照射下にローズベンガルにより生ずる一重項酸素[1O2]の生成をESR(electron spin resonance:電子スピン共鳴)スペクトルにより証明した。即ち1O2ラジカルの検出を、スピントラップ剤TEMP:(2,2,6,6-テトラメチルピペリジン)(和光純薬(株))を使用して行った。TEMPは、一般的に使用される一重項酸素を捕捉するスピントラップ剤であり、その結果、産生されるTEMPの1O2付加体は電子共鳴装置(ESR)によりトリプレットシグナルとして検出される。
33.0μMの実施例3で得られたSMA-ローズベンガル(SMA-RB)ミセルまたはローズベンガル(RB)を含有する生理食塩水溶液に、TEMPを30mMになるように添加し、その溶液に光を下記の条件で照射し、ESRで測定した。
ESR測定は、X-band型ESR装置(日本電子(株)、FA100)を使用し、Microwave power 4.0 mW、amplitude 200 kHz、modulation width 0.1[mT]の条件で行った。尚、光照射の条件として、光源はキセノンランプ650W(マスタープロジェクター(株)、Master Lux-S、理化学精機株式会社、東京)のレンズ開口部より扇風機空冷下に10cmの距離で照射した。
図12に示すように、遊離のRBと同様に、SMA-RBミセルにおいても光照射により一重項酸素のシグナルが検出されたが、その強度は照射時間依存的に増加した。これに対して、遊離のRBの場合、そのシグナルの増加は、照射時間10分以降に減弱し、20分以上の照射によりシグナル強度は検出不能となった。光照射による遊離のRBの速やかな崩壊が示唆された。この結果より、遊離のRBと比較して、SMA-RBミセルの方がはるかに有効で、光照射による一重項酸素の産生は長期に渡って安定しており、ほぼ10倍の有用性があるといえる。このような一重項酸素の産生が腫瘍部で起きると、それが腫瘍細胞と速やかに反応し、腫瘍細胞の壊死やアポトーシスを招き、抗腫瘍作用が発揮できる。
ヒト膵臓癌細胞PC1.0を1000細胞/wellで96穴の培養プレートに播種し、一晩培養した。その後、各濃度のメチレンブルー(MB)またはSMA-メチレンブルーミセル(SMA-MB)を細胞に加え、48時間培養した。光照射の場合、通常のタングステンXe光を用い、細胞接着面から15cmの距離で20分間照射した。各処理後の細胞の生存率はMTT法により算出した。その結果、MB及びSMA-MBミセル何れにおいても、光照射によるその細胞毒性の著明な増強が認められた。その結果を図13および下表1に示す。
Claims (13)
- 蛍光分子と生体親和性高分子とを含んでなる複合体を含む、腫瘍を蛍光検出するための高分子型蛍光分子プローブ。
- 蛍光内視鏡または蛍光腹腔鏡を用いて腫瘍を蛍光検出するためのものである、請求項1に記載の高分子型蛍光分子プローブ。
- 光線力学的療法における抗腫瘍剤として使用するためのものである、請求項1または2に記載の高分子型蛍光分子プローブ。
- 蛍光分子と生体親和性高分子とを含んでなる複合体であって、
上記生体親和性高分子が、ヒドロキシプロピルメタクリルアミド共重合体、ヒドロキシプロピルメタクリルアミド共重合体に官能基を付加したもの、およびそれらの混合物から選択される、複合体。 - 蛍光分子と生体親和性高分子とを含んでなる複合体であって、
上記蛍光分子が、ローズベンガル、インドシアニングリーン、Zn結合フタロシアニジン、ポルフィリン類、Zn結合フェオフォルバイト、メチレンブルー、Zn結合フォスカム、Znオルソフェナンスロリン、Cuフェナンスロリン、アクリフラビン、アクリナール、アクリジンジアミン、アクリジン、アクリジンオレンジ、テトラサイクリン、アミノフルオレセイン、テトラメチルローダミン、アミノローダミン、ジクロロフルオレセイン、およびそれらの混合物から選択され、
上記生体親和性高分子が、スチレン-マレイン酸共重合体、そのマイレン酸側鎖部が多機能化されたスチレン-マレイン酸共重合体、ヒドロキシプロピルメタクリルアミド共重合体、血清アルブミン、トランスフェリン、免疫グロブリン、α1酸性糖蛋白質、α1アンチトリプシン、可溶化ゼラチン、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリビニルピロリドン、およびそれらの混合物から選択される、複合体。 - 上記蛍光分子が、ローズベンガル、メチレンブルー、Zn結合フォスカム、アクリジン、リボフラビン類、クロロフィル、ポルフィリン類、およびそれらの混合物から選択される、請求項4または5に記載の複合体。
- 上記生体親和性高分子が、スチレン-マレイン酸共重合体、そのマイレン酸側鎖部が多機能化されたスチレン-マレイン酸共重合体、およびそれらの混合物から選択される、請求項5に記載の複合体。
- 上記蛍光分子と、上記生体親和性高分子が、非共有結合により結合し、かつ、該生体親和性高分子が該蛍光分子を包含するミセルを形成しているものである、請求項4~7のいずれかに記載の複合体。
- 蛍光分子と、生体親和性高分子が、スペーサーを介して共有結合したものである、請求項4~7のいずれかに記載の複合体。
- 蛍光分子と、生体親和性高分子が、スペーサーを介さずに直接共有結合したものである、請求項4~7のいずれかに記載の複合体。
- 以下の工程を含む、請求項7に記載の複合体の製造方法:
(a)スチレン-マレイン酸共重合体(SMA)またはその誘導体を、pHが8を超えるアルカリ水で可溶化する工程と、
(b)工程(a)で得られたSMAまたはその誘導体の水溶液中に、蛍光分子を添加する工程と、
(c)工程(b)で得られた混合液のpHを、酸により5未満にしてSMA-蛍光分子複合体を沈殿させる工程。 - 以下の工程を含む、請求項7に記載の複合体の製造方法:
(a)スチレン-マレイン酸共重合体(SMA)またはその誘導体のマレイン酸残基または無水マレイン酸残基と、それらの残基と反応性であるスペーサーの官能基を結合させる工程と、
(b)工程(a)で得られた生成物のスペーサー部分の官能基と、それと反応性である蛍光分子の官能基を結合させる工程。 - 以下の工程を含む、請求項7に記載の複合体の製造方法:
(a)スチレン-マレイン酸共重合体(SMA)またはその誘導体のマレイン酸残基と、それと反応性である蛍光分子の官能基を反応させて結合させる工程。
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DK2774625T3 (en) | 2017-06-12 |
EP2774625A1 (en) | 2014-09-10 |
PT2774625T (pt) | 2017-06-22 |
ES2627026T3 (es) | 2017-07-26 |
US20140294735A1 (en) | 2014-10-02 |
CA2977873A1 (en) | 2013-03-14 |
EP2774625A4 (en) | 2015-06-24 |
CA2851344C (en) | 2017-10-03 |
CA2977873C (en) | 2020-05-12 |
AU2012305327A1 (en) | 2014-04-24 |
US10946109B2 (en) | 2021-03-16 |
US9636426B2 (en) | 2017-05-02 |
JP2019038830A (ja) | 2019-03-14 |
EP2774625B1 (en) | 2017-04-12 |
CA2851344A1 (en) | 2013-03-14 |
AU2012305327B2 (en) | 2016-07-14 |
JP2017203040A (ja) | 2017-11-16 |
JPWO2013035750A1 (ja) | 2015-03-23 |
US20170280984A1 (en) | 2017-10-05 |
JP5904602B2 (ja) | 2016-04-13 |
JP2016128487A (ja) | 2016-07-14 |
JP6708330B2 (ja) | 2020-06-10 |
HUE032791T2 (en) | 2017-11-28 |
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