WO2013020595A2

WO2013020595A2 - Windpower machine

Info

Publication number: WO2013020595A2
Application number: PCT/EP2011/063782
Authority: WO
Inventors: Matthias Meissner
Original assignee: Lightyears Holding Ag
Priority date: 2011-08-10
Filing date: 2011-08-10
Publication date: 2013-02-14
Also published as: WO2013020595A3

Abstract

The invention relates to a windpower machine for offshore use and for applications on buildings, on vehicle roofs, in ship masts and lamp posts inter alia, wherein embodiments are possible for different power ratings and said windpower machine can be used with relatively low investment costs and the least possible environmental impact. For this purpose, the vanes (4) are arranged, so as to be oriented in the direction of an axis of rotation (8) of the vane wheel, between at least in each case one upper and lower ring (5, 6), such that air can flow unhindered between the vanes (4) and a rear-side air passage is provided, which ensures a compact design, and the windpower machine can therefore be operated with high performance and over large wind speed ranges.

Description

Wind power machine

The invention relates to a wind power machine for offshore use and for applications on buildings, on

Vehicle roofs, in ship and light poles u. a., where

Embodiments for different power values are possible. The wind power machine comprises at least one impeller and a generator and a bearing of the rotor shaft of the generator resp. the paddle wheel according to the preamble of claim 1.

Wind power machines, in particular dreiflüglige

Propeller arrangements are known and used on an industrial scale. However, the disadvantages are the high ones

Investment costs, a relatively large dependence on the weather conditions, eg. As wind speed or ice formation and adverse effects on the landscape and mental impairment in the immediate vicinity of propeller systems.

CN-A-2802113 discloses a turbulent flow wind generator wherein each rotating shaft is provided with a spiral. Also known are vertically arranged rotors in

Hydroelectric power plants, in ship masts or tall buildings. For example, RU-C-2330989 shows a wind turbine whose annular until disc-shaped rotor is arranged above the sea water level. On a circular ring is a variety of blades, possibly adjustable and stand-alone arranged. A similar and self-adjusting windmill, with five arranged horizontally and evenly spaced

Blades are disclosed in US-A-4468169.

Further, US-A-3938907 discloses a wind turbine with two blade rings, which are arranged between two horizontal circular disks. The outside

Blade ring comprises fixed turbine blades, which are almost straight, while the blades of the inner ring are more bent and can also be designed to be adjustable.

Also known tornado towers with fixed in the axial direction or adjustable wings in the outer jacket and Vortex Tower with large height. To reduce or avoid friction losses in linear or rotary movements come next to rolling and

Bearings also magnetic bearings for use, eg. For example, according to US-A-2009322172 (inter alia U-shaped pole pieces), US-A-2010072846 (rotary shaft with recesses for avoiding

Eddy currents on the shaft surface), US-A-20090322095 and US-A-20090324383 (magnetically supported wind turbine with horizontal or vertical axis and spatially very

extensive Windleiteinrichtungen), US-B-7303369 (withdrawal by permanent magnet) or US-A-20100026120 (rotor in crown shape with only magnetic shoulder, without magnet). For non-contact storage of a horizontally disposed rotor shaft of a turbomachine, the bearing assembly according to WO-A-2010006859 a magnetic radial bearing, the bearing housing is suspended elastically.

Propeller and turbine wheels are equipped with generators for

Power generation coupled with optimal

Power generation is tied to specific speed ranges. In CN-A-2737979, it is proposed to electrically couple a plurality of windmills to increase the yield, while in CN-A-101465606 a converter for equalization is proposed.

In DE-A-102006046962, however, is a multi-stage

switchable generator disclosed, wherein arranged on a rotor shaft pole wheels with different diameters are fixed to the frame. Opposite each one pole wheel at the shaft ends, a central pole wheel has a larger diameter. The number of poles and the speed are variable.

US-A-6147415 shows a multi-stage generator arranged in a cone-shaped housing. A vane rotor is mounted in this housing as well as in a cover plate. The cover plate is supported on struts and the struts are connected via guide elements still connected to the cone. The cone slope and guide elements are intended to direct the flow of air to the impeller, but only upwards.

The generator is multi-level, but the coils are not movable movable. DE-U-202006008289 discloses a wind turbine with Durchströmrotor with at least two floors, arranged on a cone-like engine room. The wings of the rotor are discus-shaped with a flat, streamlined back. Intended are also short and long wind deflectors. With open rotors, it is to be expected that at least one other wing will be braked in the case of flow of a wing as a result of flow around, as is also the case with comparable solutions of the prior art. The achievable

Power generation is therefore very low.

The large wind deflectors with the visible frame are complex.

According to W099 / 54623, a wind turbine has a fixed axis, which is arranged on a conical jacket for a generator. However, the vertical rotation of the rotor undergoes a change of direction in the transmission to the generator, which causes a rigid coupling.

In a wind turbine according to DE-A-19828324, the turbine should be installed in buildings under the roof. The windmill is integrated into the roof structure with air intakes. The rotor is flown through by a ceiling from below and is surrounded by a shielding ring.

The invention is based on the object

Wind power engine especially for offshore use as well as for applications on buildings, on vehicle roofs, in ship and light poles u. a. to create that at

comparatively low investment costs and

smallest possible environmental impact Embodiments for different fields of application and performance values

allows. Regardless of the embodiment, a high efficiency should be achieved.

The object is solved with the features of claim 1. Provided is at least one paddle wheel resp. one Rotor without structural inner axis, the blades are arranged directed towards an axis of rotation of the impeller between an upper and lower ring. You are so

arranged that air can flow freely between the blades and a backside air passage is given, the wind turbine can in large

Wind speed ranges and wind direction independent be operational and ensures a compact design in different applications. The paddle wheel is surrounded by curved baffles.

By eliminating a fixed center axis / axle shaft, the wind can be directed from the respective blades acted on back blades (Rückseitensog). This results in relation to the prior art, a much higher, usable for power generation torque.

Possibly. could also be used on so-called spoiler the resulting swirling in the area of the axis of rotation and the

Drive to be guided in more blades.

The term paddlewheel here denotes the

basic structure based on a known technical term, without sacrificing the design options

restrict resp. conclusively to characterize.

Preferred embodiments are in the dependent

Claims disclosed. Thus, the blades are bent and are preferably made of an elastomeric material, EPDM or silicone with

adapted Shore hardness, in particular of an elastomer whose surface ozone and temperature resistant, oil and ice-repellent (prevention of ice formation by

Membrane effect). The hardness of the blades can

vary according to the demands. The blades guide the wind pressure through the axle area. In addition, the elastomer or rubber of the blades during operation is quiet and over a wide temperature ranges

can be used due to a low thermal expansion coefficient resp. a high elasticity. Furthermore, the ends of the blades may protrude beyond the inner ring and / or outer ring. The paddle wheel is freely rotatably received between an upper and a lower lid. The lids are spaced by struts. The impeller is surrounded by multi-curved baffles, which are pivotally mounted between the upper and lower lid. The baffles may be in the direction of

Rotary axis to the outer circumference are moved so that in the retracted state about a closed, non-rotatable cylinder, forming a housing. Thus, the entire rotor can be protected in adverse weather conditions and yet has a low mass.

In addition, the baffles direct the air flow targeted to the respective blades.

For smaller services, eg. B. in the arrangement of

Wind turbine on a house roof, the paddle wheel is one piece resp. short, for larger power ranges

(offshore), however, in two parts. At higher

Wind speeds (greater about 4.8 m / s) can be used in one or two-piece design also a tornado effect in the upper paddle wheel. The paddle wheel resp. the rotor is optionally arranged displaceably in the direction of the axis of rotation on a housing for the generator of the wind power machine and can be moved into this if necessary and / or can even be covered upwards. In particular, in two-piece design and thus greater height, the housing, however, only covers the lining of a generator and the transition to the foundation. For optimum utilization of the wind power, further wind deflectors, side pipes (use of suction effects), etc. may be provided.

The housing is, if necessary, preferably

pyramidal with sixteen corner plan and its shell wall is due to the slope suitable, a

Air flow to an active site resp. to lead to the paddle wheel, wherein the active site is preferably a cooling device of the generator. The angle of the jacket slope is variable depending on the customer's request. Due to the slope of the housing wall, the system is pressed in addition to a ground anchorage to the ground.

For the jacket different materials, eg. B.

Metal or plastic are used, with an adaptation to the environment, eg. B. by means of turf or

Roof tile look, is possible.

The axis of rotation can be vertical, oblique or horizontal

be aligned and the paddle wheel / generator shaft is received on or in a permanent magnetic bearing, wherein a "frictionless" connection to the generator, including the magnetic bearing, a magnetic coupling and / or a

Magnetic transmission exists. The generator shaft is in a floating state and is thus almost friction and maintenance free. Frictional losses are also noticeable

reduced, as well as the moment of inertia at startup and

Brakes. Paddle wheel and magnetic bearings are with a one to

six-stage generator, in particular a three- or four-stage generator coupled, whose stages individually, in particular load or wind speed dependent

are switchable.

Likewise, the coils of each stage are electronically switchable and fixedly arranged in the generator to by adjusting the

Resistance to allow a constant speed.

Depending on the size and area of application, the system output can range from approx. 0.5 KW to approx. 1 (4) MW each

Wind turbine vary.

In another embodiment, a rotating rotor with coils is surrounded by a stator ring which has a plurality of juxtaposed and aligned to the rotation axis Y-shaped or tuning fork-shaped projections. The induction is ironless produced by permanent magnets.

Also conceivable are very small embodiments for

Air conditioning systems (also with horizontally mounted rotor), in ventilated roof trusses of z. B. single-family homes, in hollow towers (suction-pressure thermals) one

Street lighting or the like , on the cab of trucks, in exhaust pipes, fireplaces or in masts of boats or

smaller vessels for self-sufficient power generation in

Connection with suitable energy storage devices, thus also for hybrid drives. For such applications can

Paddle wheel and generator also be designed differently. The system works autonomously, ie through the use of a small generator which in turn feeds a battery

Control and electric motors and the magnetic clutches fed. This small generator is above the first

Generator stage arranged and is supported by a permanent magnetic transmission (non-contact transmission). Furthermore, the wind turbine hanging, z. B. may be arranged under bridges, wherein the housing then comprises only a cooling and generator shell for the generator.

The invention will be described below in an embodiment with reference to a drawing. 1 shows a representation of an inventive

Wind machine

Fig. 2: a perspective view of a one-piece

Paddle wheel (a) and side view of a two-piece

Paddle wheel (b),

Fig. 3: a schematic diagram of a blade (a) and

Shovels in the air stream (b),

Fig. 4: a bearing ring of the magnetic bearing without counter ring Fig. 5: a three-stage generator

Fig. 6: an embodiment of a generator.

A wind turbine according to the invention comprises a housing 1 for a generator, on the upper platform of which a one-piece paddle wheel 2 can be rotated about a vertical axis of rotation 8 and, if necessary, rotated. is arranged displaceably in the direction of the axis of rotation 8. The paddle wheel 2 is received freely rotating between an upper and a lower cover 18. The cover 18 are spaced apart by struts 19 and not rotatable. The impeller 2 is surrounded by multi-curved baffles 20 which are pivotally mounted between the upper and lower cover 18. The baffles 20 can be moved in the direction of the axis of rotation 8 to the extent that in the retracted state about a closed, non-rotatable cylinder, forming a temporary housing. Thus, the entire rotor in adverse weather conditions

be protected and still has a low mass. In addition, the baffles 20 direct the air flow targeted to the respective four blades 4 located in the wind.

The baffles 20 may in turn consist of individual elements which, parallel to the axis of rotation 8 articulated (14)

are arranged so that the air flow 9 targeted

rear blades 4 can be passed (Rückseitensog), so this also drives and does not brake.

An unillustrated base plate of the housing 1 is designed to be sure-footed and in a non-visible

Access door is provided a security circuit.

The impeller 2 comprises two horizontally arranged and spaced-apart rings 5, 6, between which sixteen curved blades 4 with an area of 4.32 m2 each

are arranged.

The passing and passing wind creates a suction. The wind line of the baffles 20 takes place on the "standing in the wind" blades 4 on four other, rear blades 4, which causes multiple use of wind power due to re-acceleration. The impeller 2 has no central axis (rotor shaft), so that the air can pass unhindered on the other blades 4. The basic construction of the paddle wheel 2 consists of

Aluminum materials and the blades 4 are made of an aluminum grid filled with elements of an elastomer and / or rubber with membrane effect, which prevents icing, z. B. EPDM. This causes a low weight of the blades 4 and a low noise level.

The paddle wheel 2 is located above the lower magnetic bearing 13, respectively. formed between upper and lower magnetic bearing, each in the form of a double magnetic bearing and is not shown in the embodiment by 8 mm from

Notlauflagern lifted out.

The paddle wheel 2 is by a non-contact

Magnetic coupling of the permanent magnetic bearing 13 and a

Magnetic gear connected to the generator 3. The

Power transmission from the impeller 2 to the generator 3 is carried out by, by the own energy production of

Wind turbine generated magnetic field, which in turn

speed-dependent is controlled. The magnetic bearing 13 comprises two, mounted on struts bearing rings 13 "with

of different diameters controlled by

Permanent magnets and laser distance sensors keep the impeller 2 in suspension. For this purpose, 5, 6 magnetic elements are integrated in the rings. The laser sensors, not shown, on the circumference of the

Magnetic bearing 13 monitor their function and the

Limbo. With the help of servomotors trims the

Permanent magnets of the magnetic bearing 13, which is a high

Concentricity of max. 0.2 mm deviation possible. By an angular adjustment of the individual permanent magnets is in the direction of rotation another force due to

Repulsive effect introduced.

The barrel is laser-monitored and a backup by an emergency camp is given.

The generator 3 has three stages 10 on a generator shaft 7. The steps 10 are fir shaped with upwards

decreasing diameter arranged. Each stage is formed without coils or with fixed coils 15. The stator 17 has a plurality of juxtaposed and aligned to the axis of rotation 8 Y-shaped or tuning fork-shaped extensions 16, may be arranged in or between which coils 15, which are electronically switched. Close to

Inner diameter of the stator 17 is a coupled to the impeller 2 Rotorl2 arranged. The induction is ironless produced by permanent magnets.

The stages 10 work dynamically and thus enable an optimal force resp. Moment experience. The first, upper (and smallest in diameter) stage is already at a

Shaft speed of 4 rpm. switched on. By a flywheel assembly, not shown, the speed can be increased by a multiple. In the two larger stages 10 no speed increase is provided by flywheel. In a further embodiment, however, could be mounted in a fourth, not shown stage coils 15 with significantly higher power rating, but this may also be formed without coil. This fourth stage is at the same time Braking level at wind speeds greater than 25 m / s. At wind speeds of about 30 m / s will be a brake

switched on and the generator is disconnected. The minimum starting speed is approx. 0.5 m / s.

In another embodiment, the coils 15 can be switched on individually by means of a respective associated servo motor, so that

Different load cases can be realized. In the example, the three stages 10 could be equipped with a total of 120 coils 15.

Due to the monitored and controlled connection of the individual coils 15, the moment of inertia of the generator 3 can be kept almost at "0".

In the example, the wind turbine is designed for a power of 500 KW / h. The height of the impeller 2 is in open position about 3.7 m (paddle 2 and housing 1 with generator 3), the required base area about 11x11 m. When closed, the paddle wheel 2 is light

retracted and therefore a little less high.

The wind turbine can also be driven manually in certain situations and in case of danger, the parameters can be set so that the impeller 2 of the

Leitblechen 20 is enclosed.

The total investment costs are only about 1/3 in

Comparison to a conventional tower system with propeller. For higher power ranges, the paddle 2

in two parts, ie formed with two paddle wheels one above the other on the axis of rotation. At wind speeds greater than about 4.8 m / s can still at the top of the impeller 2 a self-adjusting tornado effect can be used. The baffles 20 are formed as in the above-mentioned two-part design of the paddle wheel 2 as mentioned above.

List of Reference Numbers 1 Housing

2 bucket wheel

3 generator

4 scoops

5 ring

6 ring

7 generator shaft

8 axis of rotation

9 air flow

10 level

11 jacket wall

12 rotor

13 magnetic bearings

13 'bearing ring

14 joint

15 coil

16 extension

17 stator

18 lids

19 strut

20 baffle

21 magnetic bearing outer ring

22 magnetic bearing inner ring

23 generator (ironless)

Claims

claims

1. Wind turbine, suitable for offshore use and for applications on buildings, on vehicle roofs, in ship and light poles u. a., comprising at least one

Paddle wheel (2) and a generator (3) and a bearing of the rotor shaft of the generator (3) resp. the impeller (2), wherein impeller (2) and generator (3) are coupled and that blades (4) of the impeller (2) between

are arranged in parallel, circular or annular elements,

characterized in that the impeller (2) of

curved vanes (20) is surrounded and that the blades (4) are directed towards an axis of rotation (8) of the impeller (2) and are arranged so that air can flow freely between the blades (4) and given a back air passage is.

2. Wind power machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the blades (4) are bent and preferably consist of an elastomeric material.

3. Wind power engine according to claim 2, characterized in that the elastomeric material is an EPDM or silicone with adapted Shore hardness.

4. Wind power machine according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the paddle wheel (2) between a top and a bottom, non-rotatable lid (18) is received freely rotating, wherein the cover (18) by means of struts (19). spaced apart from each other.

5. Wind power machine according to at least one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the guide plates (20) are bent several times and that they are pivotally arranged between the upper and lower cover (18).

6. Wind power machine according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the impeller (2) has sixteen blades (4) and is formed in one or two parts.

7. Wind power machine according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the guide plates (20) in the retracted state form a closed, non-rotatable cylinder, a temporary housing.

8. Wind power machine according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the axis of rotation (8) is aligned vertically, obliquely or horizontally.

9. Wind power machine according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the paddle wheel (2) is mounted on or in a lower double-permanent magnetic bearing (13) and an upper double magnetic bearing and by a non-contact magnetic coupling of the magnetic bearing (13 ) and / or a magnetic gear is connected to the generator (3).

10. Wind power machine according to at least one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that paddle wheel (2) and magnetic bearings with a single or multi-stage generator (3) are coupled, the individual stages (10) individually, in particular wind speed dependent switchable.

11. Wind power engine according to claim 10, characterized

characterized in that the generator (3) is one to six stages, wherein each stage is formed without coils / ironless and the stator (17) has a plurality of side by side arranged and the axis of rotation (8) aligned extensions (16).

12. Wind turbine, suitable for offshore use and for applications on buildings, on vehicle roofs, in ship and light poles u. a., comprising at least one

Paddle wheel (2) and a generator (3) and a, storage of the rotor shaft of the generator (3) resp. the impeller (2), wherein impeller (2) and generator (3) are coupled and that blades (4) of the impeller (2) between

are arranged in parallel, circular or annular elements,

characterized in that the generator (3) is single or multi-stage, wherein the diameter of the pole wheels of each stage (10) in the direction of the paddle wheel (2) decreases, and each, stage is spoolless / ironless and the stator (17) a variety of juxtaposed and to

Has rotation axis (8) aligned extensions (16) for the arrangement of magnets.

13. Wind power engine according to claim 12, characterized

characterized in that the steps (10) individually, in particular load resp. wind speed dependent switchable.

14. Wind turbine according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the steps (10) are movably movable, wherein the stator (17) with a

Paddle (29 coupled and within the stator (17) rotating rotor (12) is assigned.

15. Wind power machine according to at least one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that the generator (3) is one to six stages.

16. Wind power machine, suitable for offshore use, comprising at least one impeller (2) and a generator (3) and a bearing of the rotor shaft of the generator (3), respectively. the paddle wheel (2), wherein paddle wheel (2) and

Generator (3) are coupled and at least the generator (3) is accommodated in a housing, characterized in that the impeller (2) is formed in two parts with two blade wheels formed one above the other on the axis of rotation.