WO2012127540A1 - 金属酸化物・白金複合触媒およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
金属酸化物・白金複合触媒およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012127540A1 WO2012127540A1 PCT/JP2011/004499 JP2011004499W WO2012127540A1 WO 2012127540 A1 WO2012127540 A1 WO 2012127540A1 JP 2011004499 W JP2011004499 W JP 2011004499W WO 2012127540 A1 WO2012127540 A1 WO 2012127540A1
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- Prior art keywords
- metal oxide
- platinum
- composite catalyst
- platinum composite
- silica
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 193
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 29
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title abstract description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 507
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 238
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 120
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 120
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 166
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 147
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 80
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 18
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- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 21
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 15
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000010757 Reduction Activity Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 12
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 11
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 10
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 7
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- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 7
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- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 6
- FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethyldisilazane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N[Si](C)(C)C FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FOSZYDNAURUMOT-UHFFFAOYSA-J azane;platinum(4+);tetrachloride Chemical compound N.N.N.N.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Pt+4] FOSZYDNAURUMOT-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
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- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrimethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)Cl IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002848 electrochemical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- IDGUHHHQCWSQLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol;hydrate Chemical compound O.CCO IDGUHHHQCWSQLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorosulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(F)(=O)=O UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003057 platinum Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UPIXZLGONUBZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt].[Pt] UPIXZLGONUBZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WEUBQNJHVBMUMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloro(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)silane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)CC[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl WEUBQNJHVBMUMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005051 trimethylchlorosilane Substances 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001075 voltammogram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0272—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing elements other than those covered by B01J31/0201 - B01J31/0255
- B01J31/0275—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing elements other than those covered by B01J31/0201 - B01J31/0255 also containing elements or functional groups covered by B01J31/0201 - B01J31/0269
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/42—Platinum
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0231—Halogen-containing compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/391—Physical properties of the active metal ingredient
- B01J35/392—Metal surface area
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/391—Physical properties of the active metal ingredient
- B01J35/393—Metal or metal oxide crystallite size
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/40—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by dimensions, e.g. grain size
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
- B01J35/58—Fabrics or filaments
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
- B01J37/0027—Powdering
- B01J37/0045—Drying a slurry, e.g. spray drying
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0201—Impregnation
- B01J37/0207—Pretreatment of the support
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0215—Coating
- B01J37/0217—Pretreatment of the substrate before coating
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a metal oxide / platinum composite catalyst in which a platinum catalyst is supported on a metal oxide and a method for producing the same.
- Platinum is not only a decorative product due to its processability, heat resistance, oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance and electrochemical characteristics, but also circuit contact materials, exhaust gas purification catalysts, fuel cell electrode catalysts, gas reforming catalysts, photocatalysts, It is used for various industrial materials such as solar cells.
- platinum when used as a catalyst, platinum is supported in the form of particles on a support according to the purpose.
- platinum is an expensive noble metal, for example, it is attempted to increase the active surface area by using it in the form of nanoparticles having a diameter of about 1 to 10 nm in order to increase the utilization efficiency as a catalyst. A surface area is desired.
- the platinum nanoparticles are used by being supported on various carriers, and the usefulness of the platinum catalyst varies greatly depending on the carrier used and the supporting method.
- a catalyst for a fuel cell it is common to use carbon particles having a high current collecting ability and a large specific surface area as a carrier, and an electrode material in which nano-sized platinum is supported in a highly dispersed manner is used.
- improvement of catalytic activity has been recognized by supporting platinum on titanium oxide.
- carbon supports are oxidatively corroded due to long-term operation, battery load fluctuations, and repeated voltage swings due to start and stop.
- platinum nanoparticles supported in a highly dispersed state increase in morphology due to repeated aggregation, resulting in a reduction in active surface area and a significant reduction in initial efficiency. Therefore, for example, nano particles of titania, alumina (refer to Patent Document 1), silica (refer to Patent Document 2) or tungsten (refer to Patent Document 3), which are corrosion-resistant metal oxides, are combined with carbon as a carrier.
- a method to use has been proposed.
- the oxide particles suppress the oxidative corrosion of the support, but there is a problem that the oxidative corrosion of the support occurs as long as carbon is used as the support.
- a corrosion-resistant metal oxide is used as a carrier instead of a carbon carrier, the conductivity of the metal oxide is lower than that of carbon, so it is difficult to form a network between the carriers and the catalytic activity is reduced. There is a problem of doing.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a platinum-supported catalyst having high catalytic activity without using carbon as a support.
- the metal oxide nanoparticles having extremely high corrosion resistance are used as a support, and an impregnation method generally used as a method for supporting platinum particles
- the metal oxide / platinum composite catalyst having high catalytic activity was successfully produced by using the spray method.
- the metal oxide / platinum composite catalyst does not use carbon, it does not cause oxidative corrosion of the support.
- the present invention is as follows.
- One embodiment of the metal oxide / platinum composite catalyst according to the present invention comprises 5 to 95 parts by weight of metal oxide and 95 to 5 parts by weight of platinum as the balance, wherein platinum is at least of metal oxide particles. It has a form in which a part is covered in a mesh shape, and the average wire diameter of the lines constituting the platinum mesh is 5 nm or less.
- a fluoro group-containing compound or an alkyl group-containing compound is adsorbed or a reaction product of the compound and the metal oxide is generated on the surface of the metal oxide. preferable.
- the metal oxide is one or more metal oxides selected from silica, zirconia or ceria.
- a metal oxide / platinum catalyst having a surface with an average contact angle with water of 15 ° or more is more preferable.
- an embodiment of the method for producing a metal oxide / platinum composite catalyst according to the present invention includes a dispersion step of dispersing 5 to 95 parts by weight of a metal oxide in a dispersion medium, and platinum that is the balance with respect to the metal oxide.
- a dissolution step of dissolving chloroplatinic acid in a solvent containing ethylenediamine so as to contain 95 to 5 parts by weight, a metal oxide dispersion solution obtained by the dispersion step, and a chloroplatinic acid solution obtained by the dissolution step A raw material solution preparation step for preparing a raw material solution by mixing, a spraying step for spraying the raw material solution onto a substrate heated to 60 to 200 ° C., and a metal oxide / platinum containing metal oxide and platinum from the substrate A recovery step of recovering the composite, and a firing step of firing the recovered metal oxide / platinum composite in a reducing atmosphere at a temperature not lower than the temperature of the substrate during the spraying step and not higher than 300 ° C.
- a hydrophobizing step of adsorbing the alkylsilane compound or alkoxysilane compound on the surface or generating a reaction product of the compound and the metal oxide is more preferable.
- a fluoro group-containing or alkyl group-containing alkylsilane compound or alkoxysilane compound in the hydrophobizing step.
- the alkylsilane compound or alkoxysilane compound preferably contains chlorine or nitrogen.
- the above metal oxide / platinum composite catalyst is a material with excellent oxygen reduction activity and excellent resistance to deterioration.
- the metal oxide / platinum composite catalyst is, in particular, per platinum weight. Has high oxygen reduction activity.
- the voltammogram of a suitable metal oxide / platinum composite catalyst obtained by cyclic voltammetry has a unique shape (a shape having two peaks) between 0 and 0.4 V (vs. RHE) for both the anode and cathode currents. It is the material which shows.
- the spraying step of the method for producing a metal oxide / platinum composite catalyst of the present invention can realize a form in which the platinum catalyst is dispersed in a network connected state in the metal oxide, thereby increasing the utilization rate of the platinum catalyst.
- the recovery rate can be improved and the process cost can be reduced.
- a platinum-supported catalyst having high catalytic activity can be provided without using carbon as a support.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing CV evaluation results of each silica platinum composite catalyst prepared under the conditions of Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing LSV evaluation results of each silica platinum composite catalyst prepared under the conditions of Comparative Example 1.
- 6 is a flowchart showing a flow of a method for producing a silica platinum composite catalyst of Comparative Example 2 and Comparative Example 3.
- 4 is a TEM photograph in which the magnification of a silica platinum composite catalyst prepared under the conditions of Comparative Example 3 is changed.
- 4 is a graph showing a wire diameter distribution of platinum chains of a silica platinum composite catalyst prepared under the conditions of Comparative Example 3.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a flow of a method for producing a silica platinum composite catalyst of Examples 3 to 5.
- 4 is a TEM photograph in which the magnification of the silica platinum composite catalyst prepared under the conditions of Example 3 was changed.
- 4 is a graph showing the wire diameter distribution of platinum chains of a silica platinum composite catalyst prepared under the conditions of Example 3.
- FIG. 4 is a TEM photograph in which the magnification of the silica platinum composite catalyst prepared under the conditions of Example 4 is changed.
- 4 is a graph showing a wire diameter distribution of platinum chains of a silica platinum composite catalyst prepared under the conditions of Example 4.
- FIG. 4 is a TEM photograph in which the magnification of the silica platinum composite catalyst prepared under the conditions of Example 5 is changed.
- 6 is a graph showing the wire diameter distribution of platinum chains of a silica platinum composite catalyst prepared under the conditions of Example 5.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing CV evaluation results for each silica platinum composite catalyst prepared under the conditions of Examples 3 to 5.
- 6 is a graph showing LSV evaluation results of each silica platinum composite catalyst prepared under the conditions of Examples 3 to 5.
- FIG. 24 is a flowchart showing a flow of a method for producing a silica platinum composite catalyst of Examples 6 to 9.
- FIG. 25 is a graph showing the CV evaluation results of the respective silica platinum composite catalysts prepared under the conditions of Examples 6 to 9.
- FIG. 26 is a graph showing LSV evaluation results of the respective silica platinum composite catalysts prepared under the conditions of Examples 6 to 9.
- FIG. 27 shows the CV waveform of Example 8.
- FIG. 28 shows the results of measuring the current value detected by the ring electrode according to the evaluated catalyst weight when LSV measurement was performed with the rotating electrode using the catalyst of Example 8.
- FIG. 29 shows the results of measuring the current value detected at the disk electrode according to the evaluated catalyst weight when LSV measurement was performed with the rotating electrode using the catalyst of Example 8.
- FIG. 30 shows the CV waveform of Example 2.
- FIG. 31 shows the results of measuring the current value detected by the ring electrode according to the evaluated catalyst weight when LSV measurement was performed with the rotating electrode using the catalyst of Example 2.
- FIG. 32 shows the results of measuring the current value detected at the disk electrode according to the evaluated catalyst weight when LSV measurement was performed with the rotating electrode using the catalyst of Example 2.
- FIG. 33 shows the relationship between the platinum weight on the electrode of Example 8, Example 2, and a commercially available Pt / C catalyst and the current value (i / mA), respectively.
- FIG. 34 is a graph showing the CV evaluation results of each zirconia platinum composite catalyst prepared under the conditions of Example 10 and Comparative Example 4.
- FIG. 35 is a graph showing LSV evaluation results of each zirconia platinum composite catalyst prepared under the conditions of Example 10 and Comparative Example 4.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a form of a metal oxide / platinum composite catalyst 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the metal oxide / platinum composite catalyst 1 is a catalyst having a form in which platinum 3 is supported so as to cover at least a part of the metal oxide 2 as a carrier.
- the platinum 3 is supported on the metal oxide 2 in a network form.
- a part of the platinum 3 is a chain and has a plurality of branches on one metal oxide 2.
- the network connected to the platinum 3 network is formed to connect two or more metal oxides 2.
- the preferred average wire diameter of the wire constituting the platinum 3 mesh is 5 nm or less.
- the average wire diameter of the platinum 3 is a portion where platinum is overlapped by a photograph (hereinafter referred to as a TEM photograph) observed with a transmission microscope, compared with other platinum portions in the TEM photograph. This means an average value obtained by measuring the wire diameter indicated by r in FIG. 1 by selecting 120 locations at random, excluding the dark black portion) and branching portions.
- the metal oxide 2 is preferably a granular material having an average particle diameter of 1 to 1000 nm.
- the average particle diameter is preferably in the range of 10 to 500 nm, more preferably 20 to 300 nm.
- the average particle diameter of a metal oxide means the average value which measured 500 particle diameters by the TEM photograph.
- the metal of the metal oxide Li, Al, Si, P, B, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Nb, Mo, Ru, Pb, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, W, Ce, etc. can be illustrated.
- the metal oxide is, for example, MxOz, AxMyOz, Mx (DO4) y, AxMy (DO4) z (where M: metal element, A: alkali metal or lanthanoid element, D: Be, B, Si, P, Ge Etc.), and these solid solutions can also be used.
- M metal element
- A alkali metal or lanthanoid element
- D Be, B, Si, P, Ge Etc.
- silica, zirconia, ceria, titania, tin oxide can be preferably used, and among them, silica, zirconia, and ceria are more preferable.
- silica is used as the metal oxide
- colloidal silica can be particularly preferably used.
- zirconia, ceria, titania, or tin oxide is used as the metal oxide, a dispersion of these fine particles can be particularly preferably used.
- Platinum Platinum 3 preferably has a form connected in a network having an active specific surface area of 2 to 60 m 2 / g.
- the “active specific surface area (ECSA)” of the platinum 3 can be calculated from the hydrogen desorption wave in CV. Specifically, since it is considered that hydrogen is desorbed while the voltage value is swept in the positive direction in the range of 0 to 0.4 V vs RHE, this area (integrated value) is expressed as a single molecule of hydrogen.
- the charge amount required for desorption of the adsorption layer is Q H ( ⁇ C)
- the charge amount of adsorbed hydrogen per platinum unit area is 210 ( ⁇ C / cm 2 )
- the activity ratio of platinum from Q H / (210 ⁇ platinum supported amount) Surface properties can be determined.
- Platinum preferably has an active specific surface area of 2 to 60 m 2 / g and high crystallinity.
- the weight of platinum 3 in the metal oxide / platinum composite catalyst 1 is in the range of 5 to 95 wt%, and is preferably as small as possible from the viewpoint of manufacturing cost.
- the amount of platinum 3 supported also requires high oxygen reduction activity as a catalyst and that platinum contacts to form a network, the amount of platinum 3 supported satisfies these requirements. It is preferable that the amount be as small as possible.
- the average particle diameter of the metal oxide 2 is larger, even if the amount of platinum 3 supported is small, the catalyst tends to have higher oxygen reduction activity.
- the metal oxide / platinum composite catalyst 1 is more preferably hydrophobic.
- the degree of hydrophobization can be measured, for example, by forming the metal oxide / platinum composite catalyst 1 into a solid tablet having a thickness of about 1 mm and a diameter of about 1 cm using a tablet molding machine, and using 2 ⁇ l of ion exchange distilled water, a contact angle measuring device. It can be measured by the contact angle measured by The metal oxide / platinum composite catalyst 1 has a contact angle measured by such a method of preferably 15 ° or more, and more preferably 30 ° or more. In general, since the metal oxide 2 is hydrophilic, adsorbed water may exist on the surface thereof.
- the metal oxide 2 is made of metal for fuel cells.
- the diffusion of oxygen gas, which is a fuel, to the platinum surface is hardly hindered by the adsorbed water.
- a silane coupling agent such as an alkylsilane compound or an alkoxysilane compound is used and adsorbed on the surface of the metal oxide / platinum composite catalyst 1.
- a fluoro group-containing or alkyl group-containing alkylsilane compound or alkoxysilane compound is adsorbed on the surface of the metal oxide / platinum composite catalyst 1.
- hydrophobization may be realized by the presence of a reaction product of the silane coupling agent and the metal oxide.
- a catalyst containing no carbon can be realized by using the metal oxide / platinum composite catalyst 1 having the above-described configuration. Therefore, in the metal oxide / platinum composite catalyst 1 described above, the support does not undergo oxidative corrosion. Further, even if the conductive network is not constructed between carbons, the platinum 3 connects the particles of the metal oxide 2 in a network, so that the platinum 3 can construct a conductive network. Furthermore, since the average wire diameter of the platinum chain is as thin as 5 nm or less, expensive platinum can be used efficiently. Therefore, the metal oxide / platinum composite catalyst 1 described above has high oxygen reduction activity.
- the surface of the metal oxide / platinum composite catalyst 1 has a contact angle with water of 15 ° or more, adsorbed water hardly exists on the surface.
- the metal oxide / platinum composite catalyst 1 described above has high oxygen reduction activity because the diffusion of fuel gas is hardly hindered by the adsorbed water.
- the oxygen reduction reaction is a reaction represented by O 2 + 4H 3 O + + 4e ⁇ ⁇ 6H 2 O, and it is considered that an activation overvoltage is caused by the slow reaction. Therefore, the activation overvoltage is reduced by using an electrode material that is excellent in activity for oxygen reduction reaction.
- a potentiostat, a rotating disk electrode, and a triode cell are used, and the measurement temperature is set to a predetermined temperature within a range of 40 to 70 ° C. (for example, 60 ° C.), and an aqueous sulfuric acid solution is used as the electrolyte.
- the oxygen reduction activity of the composite catalyst is examined by measuring cyclic voltammetry (CV) and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV).
- CV cyclic voltammetry
- LSV linear sweep voltammetry
- a catalyst carrying electrode a gold electrode, a glassy carbon electrode, etc.
- a standard hydrogen electrode a platinum mesh for the working electrode, the reference electrode, and the counter electrode, respectively.
- the measurement conditions for CV are, for example, a scanning speed of 20 to 100 mV / sec, a scanning range of 0.01 to 1.5 V (vs. RHE), and 5 to 50 cycles after stabilization in a sulfuric acid electrolyte degassed with nitrogen gas. Is preferable.
- the LSV measurement conditions are, for example, a scanning speed of 3 to 8 mV / sec, a scanning range of 1.5 to 0.01 V (vs. RHE), and a rotation speed of 200 to 5000 rpm in a sulfuric acid electrolyte saturated with oxygen gas. It is preferable to measure 3 to 10 points at a predetermined rotational speed within the range of.
- you may use the electrolyte solution which uses not only a sulfuric acid electrolyte solution but another acid (perchloric acid etc.).
- a suitable metal oxide / platinum composite catalyst 1 according to this embodiment has a scanning speed of 20 to 100 mV / sec, a scanning range of 0.01 to 1.5 V (vs. RHE), and a sulfuric acid electrolyte degassed with nitrogen gas.
- vs. RHE scanning range of 0.01 to 1.5 V
- a sulfuric acid electrolyte degassed with nitrogen gas In the cyclic voltammogram evaluated by CV after 5 to 50 cycles stabilization, two peaks in the anode current and cathode current curves between 0 and 0.4V (especially between 0 and 0.3V) Indicates.
- the oxygen reduction activity ability of the metal oxide / platinum composite catalyst 1 is determined by the activation dominant current value i k-mass (A / g) per platinum unit mass and the activation dominant current value i k-s (per platinum unit surface area). mA / cm 2 ). These specific calculation methods are as follows.
- a current value (i) obtained under a plurality of rotation speed conditions in LSV measurement (voltage: 0.85 V) is obtained.
- a rotational speed (converted from the rotational speed) into a ⁇ 1/2 -i -1 coordinate system with ⁇ 1/2 on the horizontal axis (X axis) and i ⁇ 1 on the vertical axis (Y axis).
- the coordinates of the reciprocal of the value of 1 ⁇ 2 of ⁇ , unit: rad / sec and the current value (i, unit: A) are plotted, and the most approximate line is drawn (Koutecky-Levic plot).
- ik is obtained from the value of the Y-axis intercept by extrapolating the straight line specified by the above equation.
- the value obtained by dividing i k by the amount of platinum supported (g) is the activation dominant current value i k-mass (A / g) per platinum unit mass.
- the metal oxide / platinum composite catalyst 1 can be produced by mixing metal oxide particles and platinum particles.
- a metal oxide-containing material such as a sol or gel containing a substance or a metal alkoxide and a compound containing platinum (for example, a platinum salt) are mixed, dried, and fired.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the flow of the method for producing the metal oxide / platinum composite catalyst 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- the metal oxide particles or the metal oxide-containing material is uniformly dispersed in a dispersion medium (Step S101: Dispersion step).
- the metal oxide particles are preferably mixed with the dispersion medium and stirred while heating.
- the metal oxide is silica
- colloidal silica can be suitably used as the metal oxide-containing material.
- alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol, or organic solvents typified by ketones such as acetone can be suitably used. Among them, inexpensive isopropyl alcohol is preferably used.
- a platinum precursor solution is prepared by mixing in a solvent containing ethylenediamine until chloroplatinic acid (an example of a platinum precursor) is uniformly dissolved (step S102: dissolution step).
- chloroplatinic acid may be dissolved in ethylenediamine, or chloroplatinic acid may be dissolved in a solvent to which ethylenediamine is added.
- the chloroplatinic acid may be appropriately changed so that the weight ratio of platinum in the metal oxide / platinum composite catalyst 1 is 5 to 95 wt%, more preferably 10 to 50 wt%. it can.
- chloroplatinic acid for example, chloroplatinic acid hexahydrate can be suitably used. By using chloroplatinic acid, a highly active metal oxide / platinum composite catalyst 1 can be obtained. As an organic solvent for dissolving chloroplatinic acid, ethanol, propanol, acetone or the like can be used. Among these, the metal oxide / platinum composite catalyst 1 can be produced at low cost by using ethylenediamine and isopropyl alcohol as solvents. In particular, the activity of the catalyst can be improved by dissolving chloroplatinic acid using ethylenediamine capable of forming a complex or using a solvent to which ethylenediamine is added.
- a raw material solution is prepared by mixing and stirring the dispersion solution and the solution prepared in the dispersion step and the dissolution step, respectively (step S103: raw material solution adjustment step).
- step S104 spraying step
- the platinum precursor solution prepared in the above process is placed in a spraying container and sprayed onto a substrate heated to 60 to 200 ° C., preferably 80 to 120 ° C.
- An oxide / platinum composite is obtained (step S104: spraying step).
- the platinum precursor solution is solidified on the substrate to become a metal oxide / platinum composite.
- the heating temperature of the substrate may be outside the above temperature range as long as the temperature is sufficient to solidify the platinum precursor solution.
- a drying step (step S105) for drying at 60 to 100 ° C. may be provided after the spraying step.
- step S106 recovery step
- a silicone resin spatula can be preferably used.
- Step S107 Hydrophobizing
- Step S107 Hydrophobizing
- Step S107 Hydrophobizing
- Step S107 Hydrophobizing
- Step S107 Hydrophobizing
- Step S107 Hydrophobizing
- Step S107 Hydrophobizing
- Step S107 Hydrophobizing
- Step S107 Hydrophobizing
- Step S107 Hydrophobizing
- Step S107 Hydrophobizing
- Step S107 Hydrophobizing
- Step S107 Hydrophobizing Step
- Step S108 any alkylsilane compound or alkoxysilane compound is adsorbed in the gas phase on the surface of the deposit.
- Any alkylsilane compound or alkoxysilane compound may be used, but it is particularly preferable to use a highly hydrophobic fluoro group-containing or alkyl group-containing silane coupling agent.
- you may have a drying process (step S108) which dries the hydrophobized deposit.
- Step S109 Firing step
- the recovered metal oxide / platinum composite is heated in a reducing atmosphere at a temperature higher than the substrate temperature during the spraying step and not higher than 300 ° C.
- a mixed gas of nitrogen and hydrogen can be used.
- a hydrogen / nitrogen mixed gas containing 10% by volume of hydrogen is used.
- a mixed gas of argon gas and hydrogen gas may be used instead of the mixed gas of nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas.
- the heating temperature during the firing step may be outside the above temperature range as long as the metal oxide / platinum composite catalyst 1 has catalytic ability.
- the firing temperature it is preferable to select a temperature at which platinum has a high degree of crystallinity and can maintain a fine particle form.
- the hydrophobization process is included, but the hydrophobization process is not essential.
- the oxygen reduction activity of the metal oxide / platinum composite catalyst was evaluated by measuring two electrochemical properties, cyclic voltammetry (hereinafter referred to as “CV”) and linear sweep voltammetry (hereinafter referred to as “LSV”).
- CV cyclic voltammetry
- LSV linear sweep voltammetry
- a potentiostat (model: HSV100) manufactured by Hokuto Denko Co., Ltd. and a tripolar cell manufactured by Nitto Keiki Co., Ltd. were used.
- the measurement temperature was 60 ° C., and 0.5 M sulfuric acid (pH: 0.38) was used as the electrolyte.
- the pH of the electrolytic solution was adjusted by diluting sulfuric acid manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. with distilled water.
- a 10 ⁇ g catalyst-supported Au electrode ( ⁇ 6 mm, 28.26 mm 2 ) and a standard hydrogen electrode manufactured by Micro Corporation were used, respectively.
- Pt mesh 100 mesh, 20 mm ⁇ 30 mm
- Niraco Co., Ltd. was used for the counter electrode.
- working electrodes were produced by the following method.
- a cylindrical Au electrode bottom diameter: 6 mm
- # 2000 and # 3000 Emily paper manufactured by Nihon Kenshi Co., Ltd.
- the average particle diameter was 1 ⁇ m and 0.05 ⁇ m.
- buffing was performed for 5 minutes to finish the mirror surface. The buffing was performed using a polishing machine made by Bühler as a water-resistant abrasive paper using a polishing machine KENT3 made by Engis.
- atmosphere sulfuric acid electrolyte deaerated with nitrogen gas (hereinafter referred to as “nitrogen saturated atmosphere” And evaluated after 20 cycles stabilization.
- the rotating disk electrode (RDE) was used to change the rotation speed of the electrode.
- LSV is scanning speed: 5 mV / sec, scanning range: 1.05 to 0.05 V (vs. RHE), atmosphere: sulfuric acid electrolyte saturated with oxygen gas (hereinafter referred to as “oxygen saturated atmosphere” as appropriate)
- oxygen saturated atmosphere sulfuric acid electrolyte saturated with oxygen gas
- the platinum active specific surface area was calculated from the hydrogen desorption wave at CV. Specifically, the amount of charge required for desorption of the monomolecular adsorption layer of hydrogen is defined as Q H ( ⁇ C) when the voltage value in the range of 0 to 0.4 V vs RHE is swept in the positive direction (integral value).
- Q H the amount of charge required for desorption of the monomolecular adsorption layer of hydrogen
- the charge amount of adsorbed hydrogen per unit area of platinum was 210 ( ⁇ C / cm 2 ), and the specific surface area of platinum was calculated from Q H / (210 ⁇ platinum supported amount).
- a dual potentiostat (model: AUTOLAB) manufactured by the company, a rotating disk electrode control system manufactured by Hokuto Denko Corporation, and a triode cell manufactured by Nitto Keiki Co., Ltd. were used.
- the measurement temperature was 60 ° C., and 0.1 M perchloric acid aqueous solution was used as the electrolyte.
- the temperature of the electrolyte was adjusted by diluting perchloric acid (for precision analysis) manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. with distilled water.
- a micro standard hydrogen electrode was used as the reference electrode.
- Pt mesh 100 mesh, 20 ⁇ 30 mm
- Niraco Co., Ltd. was used for the counter electrode.
- the CV for evaluating the generation of hydrogen peroxide in the metal oxide / platinum composite catalyst is as follows: scanning speed: 50 mV / sec, scanning range: 0.02 to 1.2 V (vs. RHE), atmosphere: desorption with nitrogen gas Evaluation was made in a perchloric acid electrolyte solution (hereinafter, referred to as “nitrogen-saturated atmosphere” as appropriate) and stabilized after 20 cycles.
- LSV is a scanning speed: 5 mV / sec, scanning range: 1.05 to 0.05 V (vs. RHE), atmosphere: perchloric acid electrolyte saturated with oxygen gas (hereinafter referred to as “oxygen saturated atmosphere”
- the rotation speed was 2000 rpm.
- the potential of the ring electrode was adjusted to 1.0 V (vs. RHE), and the numerical value of the current flowing by the reaction on this electrode was recorded.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the flow of the method for producing the silica platinum composite catalyst of Example 1 and Example 2.
- colloidal silica 0.559 g of PL-7 and 3.57 g of IPA were stirred while being heated to 80 ° C. for 1.5 hours, and then stirred at 25 ° C.
- 0.341 g of chloroplatinic acid as a platinum precursor and 0.9 g of EDA were placed and stirred for 0.5 hour.
- 1.95 g of IPA was added and stirred at 80 ° C. for 1 hour.
- the previously prepared IPA dispersion solution of PL-7 was added and stirred at 25 ° C. for 5 minutes to obtain a raw material solution.
- the raw material solution was put into a spray container (Korani HA2400) manufactured by Harder & Stenbeck and sprayed onto a glass substrate having a surface temperature of 105 ° C. Then, it was dried at 80 ° C. for 18 hours. The obtained catalyst powder was light yellow. The obtained deposit was collected and fired at 270 ° C. in a mixed gas atmosphere of 10% H 2 and 90% N 2 . The obtained catalyst powder was black.
- Example 2 Of the sample production method of Example 1, a sample obtained by changing the stirring time of the solution of chloroplatinic acid and EDA from 0.5 hours to 24 hours was designated as Example 2. The obtained catalyst powder was black.
- 4A to 4C are TEM photographs taken at different magnifications of the silica platinum composite catalyst produced under the conditions of Example 2.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the wire diameter distribution of platinum chains of the silica platinum composite catalyst prepared under the conditions of Example 2.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing CV evaluation results of the respective silica platinum composite catalysts prepared under the conditions of Example 1 and Example 2.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing LSV evaluation results of each silica platinum composite catalyst prepared under the conditions of Example 1 and Example 2.
- Example 1 (Comparative Example 1) Among the method for producing the sample of Example 1, the method for preparing the platinum precursor was changed. Specifically, using 0.232 g of tetraammineplatinum chloride (II) hydrate instead of chloroplatinic acid, 2.5 g of pure water and 1.95 g of IPA were added thereto and dissolved by ultrasonic waves, and PL-7 In an IPA dispersion.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the CV evaluation result of each silica platinum composite catalyst prepared under the conditions of Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing LSV evaluation results of each silica platinum composite catalyst prepared under the conditions of Comparative Example 1. The characteristics of the silica platinum composite catalysts of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example 1 obtained from FIGS. 6 to 9 are summarized in Table 1.
- the platinum supported by the silica platinum composite catalyst produced in these examples mainly has two crystal planes exposed and the surface area of the entire platinum. Among them, it is considered that the ratio of the surface area occupied by them is large.
- the average wire diameter of the platinum chain in the silica platinum composite catalyst of Example 2 was 4.4 nm.
- the platinum active specific surface areas of the silica platinum composite catalysts of Examples 1 and 2 were nearly twice as large as the platinum active specific surface area of the sample of the silica platinum composite catalyst of Comparative Example 1.
- the silica platinum composite catalysts of Examples 1 and 2 the ik -mass at 0.85 V, for example, was nearly 1.5 times larger than the ik-mass of the silica platinum composite catalyst of Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing the flow of the method for producing the silica platinum composite catalyst of Comparative Example 2 and Comparative Example 3.
- FIGS. 11A to 11C are TEM photographs in which the magnification of the silica platinum composite catalyst prepared under the conditions of Comparative Example 3 is changed.
- FIG. 12 is a graph showing the platinum chain wire diameter distribution of the silica-platinum composite catalyst prepared under the conditions of Comparative Example 3.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing CV evaluation results of the respective silica platinum composite catalysts prepared under the conditions of Comparative Example 2 and Comparative Example 3.
- FIG. 14 is a graph showing LSV evaluation results of each silica platinum composite catalyst prepared under the conditions of Comparative Example 2 and Comparative Example 3. The characteristics of the silica platinum composite catalysts of Comparative Examples 2 and 3 obtained according to FIGS.
- the average wire diameter of the platinum chain in the silica platinum composite catalyst of Comparative Example 3 was 5.7 nm.
- the platinum active specific surface area of the silica platinum composite catalysts of Comparative Examples 2 and 3 was smaller than that of Examples 1 and 2.
- the silica platinum composite catalyst of Comparative Examples 2 and 3 had a wide wire diameter distribution and a short chain length compared to the wire diameter distributions of the samples of Examples 1 and 2.
- the platinum chain portion of the silica platinum composite catalyst of Comparative Example 3 is considered to have a large amount of platinum aggregation because many portions appear dark black.
- FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing the flow of the method for producing the silica platinum composite catalyst of Examples 3 to 5.
- Examples 3 to 5 The process up to collecting the powder is the same as the sample manufacturing method of Example 2. After collecting the deposit by the collecting step, the deposit was exposed to a vapor atmosphere of the compounds shown in Table 3 for a predetermined time in a sealed desiccator at 20 ° C. with stirring at 100 rpm. By this step, the surface of the deposit was subjected to a hydrophobic treatment. After drying at 80 ° C. for 18 hours, firing was performed at 270 ° C. in a mixed gas atmosphere of 10% H 2 and 90% N 2 .
- FIG. 16 is a TEM photograph in which the magnification of the silica platinum composite catalyst prepared under the conditions of Example 3 was changed.
- FIG. 16 is a TEM photograph in which the magnification of the silica platinum composite catalyst prepared under the conditions of Example 3 was changed.
- FIG. 17 is a graph showing the platinum chain wire diameter distribution of the silica platinum composite catalyst prepared under the conditions of Example 3.
- FIG. 18 is a TEM photograph in which the magnification of the silica platinum composite catalyst prepared under the conditions of Example 4 was changed.
- FIG. 19 is a graph showing the wire diameter distribution of platinum chains of the silica platinum composite catalyst prepared under the conditions of Example 4.
- FIG. 20 is a TEM photograph in which the magnification of the silica platinum composite catalyst prepared under the conditions of Example 5 was changed.
- FIG. 21 is a graph showing the wire diameter distribution of platinum chains of the silica platinum composite catalyst prepared under the conditions of Example 5.
- the contact angle was measured in order to evaluate the degree of hydrophobicity of each of the obtained silica platinum composite catalysts of Examples 3 to 5 and Example 2 (the above results are shown for reference).
- the powder sample is formed into a solid tablet having a thickness of about 1 mm and a diameter of about 1 cm using a tablet molding machine, and 2 ⁇ l of ion-exchanged distilled water is dropped on the tablet, and a contact angle measurement device (trade name “Kyowa Interface Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name“ The contact angle was measured by “DropMaster 300”).
- the contact angle is shown as an average value of the measured values at five points.
- FIG. 22 is a graph showing the CV evaluation results of the respective silica platinum composite catalysts prepared under the conditions of Examples 3 to 5.
- FIG. 22 is a graph showing the CV evaluation results of the respective silica platinum composite catalysts prepared under the conditions of Examples 3 to 5.
- Example 23 is a graph showing LSV evaluation results for each silica platinum composite catalyst prepared under the conditions of Examples 3 to 5.
- the characteristics of the silica platinum composite catalysts of Examples 3 to 5 and Example 2 obtained by FIGS. 22 to 23 and contact angle measurement are summarized in Table 4.
- the average contact angle of each of the silica platinum composite catalysts of Examples 3 to 5 was larger than the average contact angle of Example 2. From this, it was found that the powder surface of the silica platinum composite catalysts of Examples 3 to 5 was hydrophobized by the hydrophobizing step. As shown in FIGS. 17, 19, and 21, the average wire diameter of the platinum chain in the silica platinum composite catalysts of Examples 3 to 5 was 4.3 nm. This was almost the same as the average wire diameter of the platinum chain of Example 2 of 4.4 nm. However, the standard deviation of the average chain diameter of the platinum chains in the silica platinum composite catalysts of Examples 3 to 5 was smaller than that of Example 2 (see FIG. 5). Therefore, it was found that the silica platinum composite catalysts of Examples 3 to 5 had a more uniform platinum chain wire diameter than that of Example 2.
- the platinum active specific surface areas of the silica platinum composite catalysts of Examples 3 to 5 were nearly twice as large as that of Comparative Example 1. Further, the platinum active specific surface area of the silica platinum composite catalysts of Examples 1 and 2 was nearly 1.5 times larger than that of Comparative Example 1. Further, the silica platinum composite catalysts of Examples 3 to 5 have a large platinum active specific surface area as compared with that of Example 2, and in particular, at a low voltage (for example, 0.75 V), a large i k ⁇ had a mass . This is thought to be due to the fact that the supply of oxygen to platinum became smooth and the rate of oxygen supply was improved due to the hydrophobicity in the vicinity of platinum.
- FIG. 24 is a flowchart showing a flow of a method for producing a silica platinum composite catalyst of Examples 6 to 9.
- the raw material solution was sprayed on a glass substrate having a surface temperature of 105 ° C. by the same production method as in Example 2. Then, it was dried at 80 ° C. for 18 hours. Next, the obtained deposit is collected, and in a sealed desiccator at 20 ° C., the deposit is stirred at a rotation speed of 100 rpm, under a vapor atmosphere of hexamethyldisilazane (about 5 ° C.). 15 minutes (Example 6: Sample A1), 30 minutes (Example 7: Sample A2), 60 minutes (Example 8: Sample A3) and 120 minutes (Example 9: Sample A4) )) For 4 hours to perform hydrophobic surface treatment. Thereafter, each sample was dried at 80 ° C. for 18 hours, and then fired at 270 ° C. in a mixed gas atmosphere of 10% H 2 and 90% N 2 .
- FIG. 25 is a graph showing the CV evaluation results of the respective silica platinum composite catalysts prepared under the conditions of Examples 6 to 9.
- FIG. 26 is a graph showing LSV evaluation results of the respective silica platinum composite catalysts prepared under the conditions of Examples 6 to 9. The characteristics shown in FIGS. 25 and 26 are summarized in Table 5.
- samples hydrophobized with hexamethyldisilazane are samples that are not hydrophobized.
- the current value in the vicinity of 0.85V is similar, but the current value below 0.8V is large. It is considered that the hydrophobicity in the vicinity of platinum facilitates the supply of oxygen to platinum and improves the rate of oxygen supply.
- Example 8 hydrophobizing treatment
- Example 2 no hydrophobizing treatment
- a commercially available Pt / C catalyst carbon supported on platinum, Pt 46.4 wt%, manufactured by Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Co., Ltd., product name: The production of hydrogen peroxide of TEC10E50E was comparatively evaluated. The evaluation was performed by changing the catalyst weight of each sample to 1 to 10 ⁇ g.
- FIG. 27 shows the CV waveform of Example 8.
- FIG. 28 shows the results of measuring the current value detected by the ring electrode according to the evaluated catalyst weight when LSV measurement was performed with the rotating electrode using the catalyst of Example 8.
- FIG. 29 shows the results of measuring the current value detected at the disk electrode according to the evaluated catalyst weight when LSV measurement was performed with the rotating electrode using the catalyst of Example 8.
- FIG. 30 shows the CV waveform of Example 2.
- FIG. 31 and FIG. 32 show the results of the same evaluation as in FIG. 28 and FIG. 29 of Example 2.
- FIG. 33 shows the relationship between the platinum weight on the electrode of Example 8, Example 2, and a commercially available Pt / C catalyst and the current value (i / mA), respectively.
- Example 8 and Example 2 were compared with a commercially available Pt / C catalyst, the amount of hydrogen peroxide generated was about one-fourth that of a commercially available Pt / C catalyst, regardless of whether or not it was hydrophobized. It was. In fuel cells, it has been confirmed that hydrogen peroxide is generated as a by-product during oxygen reduction. When hydrogen peroxide is generated, there is a problem that the electrolyte membrane (perfluorosulfonic acid membrane or the like) is corroded or destroyed. In order to reduce the maintenance cost or improve the life of the apparatus, there is a need for a platinum catalyst that can reduce the amount of hydrogen peroxide that causes corrosion or destruction of peripheral members. From this viewpoint, considering the evaluation results shown in FIG. 33, it is considered that the silica platinum composite catalyst (Example 8, Example 2) is a catalyst superior to a commercially available Pt / C catalyst.
- Example 10 comparative example 4
- Example 10 comparative example 4
- 1.286 g of zirconia nanoparticles and 3 g of IPA were stirred while being heated to 80 ° C. for 1.5 hours, and then stirred at 25 ° C.
- a zirconia platinum composite catalyst was produced under the same conditions as in Example 8 except for the above (Example 10: Sample C2).
- Example 10 Sample C2
- a zirconia platinum composite catalyst was produced under the same conditions as in Example 10 without performing the hydrophobization step (Comparative Example 4: Sample C1).
- FIG. 34 is a graph showing the CV evaluation results of each zirconia platinum composite catalyst prepared under the conditions of Example 10 and Comparative Example 4.
- FIG. 35 is a graph showing LSV evaluation results of each zirconia platinum composite catalyst prepared under the conditions of Example 10 and Comparative Example 4. The characteristics shown in FIGS. 34 and 35 are summarized in Table 6.
- the present invention is applicable to, for example, a catalyst.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明の実施の形態に係る金属酸化物・白金複合触媒1の形態を説明するための説明図である。
金属酸化物2は、好適には、平均粒子径1~1000nmの粒状物である。特に、その平均粒子径は、10~500nmの範囲が好ましく、さらには20~300nmが好ましい。ここで、金属酸化物の平均粒子径は、TEM写真により、500個の粒子直径を計測した平均値を意味する。金属酸化物の金属としては、Li、Al、Si、P、B、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Nb、Mo、Ru、Pb、Ag、Cd、In、Sn、Sb、W、Ce等を例示することができる。金属酸化物は、例えば、MxOz、AxMyOz、Mx(DO4)y、AxMy(DO4)z(ここで、M:金属元素、A:アルカリ金属又はランタノイド元素、D:Be,B,Si,P,Ge等)で表される酸化物であり、これらの固溶体とすることもできる。金属酸化物としては、カーボンよりも絶縁性に優れるものが好ましく、その中でもシリカ、ジルコニア、セリア、チタニア、酸化スズを好適に用いることができ、さらにその中でも、シリカ、ジルコニア、セリアをより好適に用いることができる。金属酸化物としてシリカを用いる場合には、特に、コロイダルシリカを好適に用いることができる。金属酸化物としてジルコニア、セリア、チタニア、酸化スズを用いる場合には、特に、これらの微粒子の分散液を好適に用いることができる。
白金3は、好適には、活性比表面積2~60m2/gの網目状に連接した形態を有する。ここで、白金3の「活性比表面積(ECSA)」は、CVにおける水素脱離波から算出できる。具体的には、電圧値を0~0.4VvsRHEの範囲にて正の方向へ掃引している間に、水素が脱離していると考えられるので、この面積(積分値)を水素の単分子吸着層脱離に要する電荷量QH(μC)とし、白金単位面積当たりにおける吸着水素の電荷量を210(μC/cm2)として、QH/(210×白金担持量)から白金の活性比表面性を求めることができる。白金は、2~60m2/gの活性比表面積を有し、かつ結晶性が高いのが好ましい。
金属酸化物・白金複合触媒1は、疎水性であるのがより好ましい。疎水化の度合いは、たとえば、金属酸化物・白金複合触媒1を錠剤成形機にて厚さ約1mm、直径約1cmの固形タブレットに成型し、イオン交換蒸留水2μlを用いて、接触角測定装置により測定した接触角により測定できる。金属酸化物・白金複合触媒1は、かかる方法で測定された接触角が15°以上であるのが好ましく、30°以上であるのがより好ましい。一般的に、金属酸化物2は、親水性であるため、その表面に吸着水が存在することがあるが、金属酸化物・白金複合触媒1を疎水性とすることにより、燃料電池用に金属酸化物・白金複合触媒1を用いる場合、燃料である酸素ガスの白金表面への拡散が、吸着水により妨げられにくい。金属酸化物・白金複合触媒1を疎水化するためには、シランカップリング剤、たとえば、アルキルシラン化合物あるいはアルコキシシラン化合物を用い、それを金属酸化物・白金複合触媒1の表面に吸着させるのが好ましい。特に、フルオロ基含有あるいはアルキル基含有のアルキルシラン化合物若しくはアルコキシシラン化合物が金属酸化物・白金複合触媒1の表面に吸着されているのが好ましい。また、吸着以外に、上記シランカップリング剤と金属酸化物との反応物が存在することで疎水化を実現しても良い。
酸素還元反応とは、O2+4H3O++4e-→6H2Oで示される反応であり、この反応が遅いことにより活性化過電圧を生じているとされる。したがって、酸素還元反応に対する活性能に優れている電極材料を用いれば、活性化過電圧が小さくなる。この実施の形態では、ポテンショスタット、回転ディスク電極、三極式セルを用いて、測定温度を40~70℃の範囲内の所定温度(例えば、60℃)とし、電解液に硫酸水溶液を用いてサイクリックボルタンメトリー(CV)およびリニアスイープボルタンメトリー(LSV)を測定することにより、複合触媒の酸素還元活性を調べる。なお、作用極、参照極および対極には、それぞれ、触媒担持電極(金電極、グラッシーカーボン電極等)、標準水素電極および白金メッシュを用いるのが好ましい。
金属酸化物・白金複合触媒1は、金属酸化物粒子と白金粒子とを混合して製造することもできるが、好適には、後述するように、金属酸化物を含むゾル若しくはゲル等の金属酸化物含有材料あるいは金属アルコキシドと、白金を含む化合物(例えば、白金塩)とを混合して乾燥、焼成して製造する。
まず、金属酸化物粒子あるいは金属酸化物含有材料を分散媒に均一分散させる(ステップS101:分散工程)。分散工程では、金属酸化物粒子を分散媒に混合し、加熱しながら攪拌するのが好ましい。金属酸化物をシリカとする場合には、金属酸化物含有材料には、コロイダルシリカを好適に用いることができる。分散媒としては、メタノール、エタノール、プロパノール、ブタノール等のアルコール類、あるいはアセトン等のケトン類に代表される有機溶剤を好適に用いることができ、その中でも、安価なイソプロピルアルコールを用いるのが好ましい。
次に、エチレンジアミンを含む溶媒に塩化白金酸(白金前駆体の一例)が均一に溶解するまで混合して白金前駆体溶液を調製する(ステップS102:溶解工程)。溶解工程においては、エチレンジアミンに塩化白金酸を溶解させてもよいし、エチレンジアミンを添加した溶媒に塩化白金酸を溶解させてもよい。溶解工程においては、超音波を用いる、あるいは、加熱しながら攪拌するのが好ましい。塩化白金酸は、金属酸化物・白金複合触媒1に占める白金の重量比率が5~95wt%となるように、より好ましくは、10~50wt%となるように、それらの割合を適宜変えることができる。
分散工程および溶解工程にてそれぞれ調製した分散溶液および溶液を混合、および攪拌することにより、原料溶液を調製する(ステップS103:原料溶液調整工程)。
前記工程で調製した白金前駆体溶液を噴霧容器に入れて、60~200℃、好ましくは80~120℃に加熱した状態の基板上に噴霧することにより、粒状あるいは塊状の金属酸化物・白金複合物を得る(ステップS104:噴霧工程)。白金前駆体溶液は、基板上にて固化し、金属酸化物・白金複合物となる。基板の加熱温度は、白金前駆体溶液を固化するに十分な温度であれば、上記温度範囲外であっても良い。なお、噴霧工程の後、60~100℃で乾燥させる乾燥工程(ステップS105)を有してもよい。また、上記噴霧工程およびその後の乾燥工程に代えて、市販のスプレードライヤーを用いて白金前駆体溶液を乾燥する工程としても良い。
次に、基板を室温まで冷却した後、基板上に堆積あるいは基板に堆積しなかった金属酸化物・白金複合物を回収する(ステップS106:回収工程)。基板上から堆積物を剥がす際には、好適には、シリコーン樹脂製スパチュラを用いることができる。
次に、回収した堆積物を密閉したデシケータ内にて攪拌しながら、堆積物をアルキルシラン化合物若しくはアルコキシシラン化合物の蒸気雰囲気下に15~200分間晒す(ステップS107:疎水化工程)攪拌は、20℃にて50~150rpmにて攪拌するのが好ましい。かかる工程により、アルキルシラン化合物若しくはアルコキシシラン化合物は、堆積物表面に気相吸着する。アルキルシラン化合物若しくはアルコキシシラン化合物としては、どのようなものを用いてもよいが、特に、疎水性の高いフルオロ基含有あるいはアルキル基含有のシランカップリング剤を用いるのが好ましい。なお、疎水化した堆積物を乾燥させる乾燥工程(ステップS108)を有してもよい。
次に、回収した金属酸化物・白金複合物を、還元雰囲気下にて、噴霧工程時の基板の温度より高く、300℃以下の温度で加熱する(ステップS109:焼成工程)。還元ガスとして、窒素と水素の混合ガスを用いることができ、好ましくは、水素が10体積%含まれる水素/窒素混合ガスを用いる。なお、窒素ガスと水素ガスの混合ガスに代えて、アルゴンガスと水素ガスの混合ガスを用いても良い。焼成工程時の加熱温度は、金属酸化物・白金複合触媒1として触媒能を持つ状態になれば、上記温度範囲外であっても良い。焼成温度としては、白金の結晶度が多く、かつ微細な粒子形態を保持できる温度を選択するのが好ましい。
[シリカ粒子]
扶桑化学株式会社製、商品名「PL-7」、平均粒径75nm、比重1.14
[ジルコニア粒子]
Aldrich社製、BET値から換算の平均粒子径が50nm以下、比重1.0632
[白金前駆体]
塩化白金酸:塩化白金酸六水和物(和光純薬工業株式会社製)
白金塩:塩化テトラアンミン白金(II)水和物(田中貴金属工業株式会社製、比較として使用)
[分散媒および溶媒]
IPA:イソプロピルアルコール(和光純薬工業株式会社製)
EDA:エチレンジアミン(和光純薬工業株式会社製)
[疎水化処理用化合物]
トリメチルクロロシラン(東京化成工業株式会社)
トリフルオロプロピルトリクロロシラン(GELEST社製)
ヘキサメチルジシラザン(東京化成工業株式会社)
[形態観察]
金属酸化物・白金複合触媒の形態観察は、透過型電子顕微鏡(日本電子株式会社製、JEM-2010、以後「TEM」という。)を用いて、加速電圧200kVの条件にて観察した。白金の線径は、10万倍で撮影したTEM写真から、白金が重なっている部分および分岐部分を除き、無作為に120箇所を選び計測した。
金属酸化物・白金複合触媒の酸素還元活性は、サイクリックボルタンメトリー(以後、「CV」という。)およびリニアスイープボルタンメトリー(以後、「LSV」という)の2つの電気化学的性質の測定により評価した。
<シリカ白金複合触媒>
(実施例1)
図3は、実施例1および実施例2のシリカ白金複合触媒の製造方法の流れを示すフローチャートである。
実施例1の試料の製造方法のうち、塩化白金酸とEDAとの溶液の攪拌時間を、0.5時間から24時間に変えて得られた試料を実施例2とした。得られた触媒粉末は、黒色だった。図4(A)~(C)は、実施例2の条件で作製したシリカ白金複合触媒の倍率を変えて撮影したTEM写真である。図5は、実施例2の条件で調製したシリカ白金複合触媒の白金鎖の線径分布を示すグラフである。図6は、実施例1および実施例2の条件で調製した各シリカ白金複合触媒のCV評価結果を示すグラフである。図7は、実施例1および実施例2の条件で調製した各シリカ白金複合触媒のLSV評価結果を示すグラフである。
実施例1の試料の製造方法のうち、白金前駆体の調製方法を変えた。具体的には、塩化白金酸の代わりに塩化テトラアンミン白金(II)水和物0.232gを用いて、そこに純水2.5gおよびIPA1.95gを加えて超音波により溶解させ、PL-7のIPA分散液中に加えた。図8は、比較例1の条件で調製した各シリカ白金複合触媒のCV評価結果を示すグラフである。図9は、比較例1の条件で調製した各シリカ白金複合触媒のLSV評価結果を示すグラフである。図6~9により得られた実施例1,2および比較例1のシリカ白金複合触媒の特性を、表1にまとめて示す。
PL-7を0.559g、塩化白金酸を0.341gおよびEDAを0.9g混合し、80℃で5分間攪拌した。そこへ、IPAを5.52g加え、25℃で3時間攪拌して原料溶液を得た。表面温度が105℃の基板表面にスプレーにて原料溶液を吹き付けた後、80℃で18時間乾燥させた。得られた触媒粉末は、薄橙色だった。得られた堆積物を回収し、10%のH2および90%のN2の混合ガス雰囲気下にて270℃で焼成した。得られた触媒粉末は、黒色だった。
比較例2の製造方法のうち、PL-7、塩化白金酸およびEDAの混合溶液の攪拌時間を、5分から20分に変えた試料を比較例3とした。得られた触媒粉末は、黒色だった。図11(A)~(C)は、比較例3の条件で調製したシリカ白金複合触媒の倍率を変えたTEM写真である。図12は、比較例3の条件で調製したシリカ白金複合触媒の白金鎖の線径分布を示すグラフである。図13は、比較例2および比較例3の条件で調製した各シリカ白金複合触媒のCV評価結果を示すグラフである。図14は、比較例2および比較例3の条件で調製した各シリカ白金複合触媒のLSV評価結果を示すグラフである。図13,14により得られた比較例2,3のシリカ白金複合触媒の特性を、表2にまとめて示す。
粉体を回収する工程までは、実施例2の試料の製造方法と同様である。回収ステップにより、堆積物を回収した後、20℃の密閉したデシケータ内にて、その堆積物を100rpmの回転数にて攪拌しながら、表3に示す化合物の蒸気雰囲気下に所定時間晒した。この工程により、堆積物の表面に疎水化処理を施した。80℃にて18時間乾燥させた後、10%のH2および90%のN2の混合ガス雰囲気下にて270℃で焼成した。図16は、実施例3の条件で調製したシリカ白金複合触媒の倍率を変えたTEM写真である。図17は、実施例3の条件で調製したシリカ白金複合触媒の白金鎖の線径分布を示すグラフである。図18は、実施例4の条件で調製したシリカ白金複合触媒の倍率を変えたTEM写真である。図19は、実施例4の条件で調製したシリカ白金複合触媒の白金鎖の線径分布を示すグラフである。図20は、実施例5の条件で調製したシリカ白金複合触媒の倍率を変えたTEM写真である。図21は、実施例5の条件で調製したシリカ白金複合触媒の白金鎖の線径分布を示すグラフである。
図24は、実施例6~9のシリカ白金複合触媒の製造方法の流れを示すフローチャートである。
(実施例10、比較例4)
ジルコニアナノ粒子を1.286gと、IPAを3gとを1.5時間の間、80℃に加熱しながら攪拌し、その後、25℃で攪拌した。それ以外の条件を実施例8と同じ条件にて、ジルコニア白金複合触媒を作製した(実施例10:サンプルC2とする)。また、比較として、疎水化工程を行わずに、それ以外を実施例10と同じ条件にて、ジルコニア白金複合触媒を作製した(比較例4:サンプルC1とする)。
Claims (7)
- 金属酸化物5~95重量部と、
残部として白金95~5重量部と、を含み、
上記白金は、上記金属酸化物の粒子の少なくとも一部を網目状に覆う形態を有し、
上記白金の網目を構成する線の平均線径が5nm以下であることを特徴とする金属酸化物・白金複合触媒。 - 請求項1に記載の金属酸化物・白金複合触媒において、
前記金属酸化物の表面に、フルオロ基含有化合物またはアルキル基含有化合物が吸着あるいは当該化合物と前記金属酸化物との反応物が生成していることを特徴とする金属酸化物・白金複合触媒。 - 請求項1または請求項2に記載の金属酸化物・白金複合触媒において、
前記金属酸化物は、シリカ、ジルコニアまたはセリアから選択される1または2以上の金属酸化物であることを特徴とする金属酸化物・白金複合触媒。 - 請求項1から請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の金属酸化物・白金複合触媒において、
水に対する平均接触角が15°以上の表面を有することを特徴とする金属酸化物・白金触媒。 - 金属酸化物5~95重量部を分散媒に分散する分散工程と、
上記金属酸化物に対して残部となる白金95~5重量部を含むように、エチレンジアミンを含む溶媒に塩化白金酸を溶解する溶解工程と、
上記分散工程により得られた金属酸化物分散溶液と、上記溶解工程により得られた塩化白金酸溶液とを混合して原料溶液を調製する原料溶液調製工程と、
60~200℃に加熱した基材に、上記原料溶液を噴霧する噴霧工程と、
上記基材から上記金属酸化物と上記白金とを含む金属酸化物・白金複合物を回収する回収工程と、
回収した上記金属酸化物・白金複合物を還元雰囲気下にて、上記噴霧工程時の上記基材の温度以上300℃以下の温度にて焼成する焼成工程と、
を含むことを特徴とする金属酸化物・白金複合触媒の製造方法。 - 請求項5に記載の金属酸化物・白金複合触媒の製造方法において、
前記回収工程の後に、アルキルシラン化合物若しくはアルコキシシラン化合物を表面に吸着あるいは当該化合物と前記金属酸化物との反応物を生成させる疎水化工程を有することを特徴とする金属酸化物・白金複合触媒の製造方法。 - 請求項6に記載の金属酸化物・白金複合触媒の製造方法において、
前記疎水化工程では、フルオロ基含有またはアルキル基含有のアルキルシラン化合物若しくはアルコキシシラン化合物を用いることを特徴とする金属酸化物・白金複合触媒の製造方法。
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