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WO2012147643A1 - Image display device - Google Patents

Image display device Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012147643A1
WO2012147643A1 PCT/JP2012/060687 JP2012060687W WO2012147643A1 WO 2012147643 A1 WO2012147643 A1 WO 2012147643A1 JP 2012060687 W JP2012060687 W JP 2012060687W WO 2012147643 A1 WO2012147643 A1 WO 2012147643A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
polarizing plate
display unit
liquid crystal
light
display device
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2012/060687
Other languages
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
山本　圭一
Original Assignee
シャープ株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by シャープ株式会社 filed Critical シャープ株式会社
Publication of WO2012147643A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012147643A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
    • G02B27/283—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising used for beam splitting or combining
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0118—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices for improving the contrast of the display / brillance control visibility
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/30—Polarising elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a video display device for displaying video in the air.
  • a mirror that generates a real image in this way is described in, for example, International Publication WO2009 / 136578A1 (Patent Document 1).
  • a mirror that generates a real image of an object on one side in this way on the other side is referred to as a “transmission imaging mirror”.
  • An image projected as a real image in the air on the near side of the transmission imaging mirror is referred to as an “aerial image”.
  • Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-256883
  • Patent Document 1 describes a video display device using a transmission imaging mirror.
  • the apparatus shown in FIG. 10 of Patent Document 1 is for displaying a plurality of aerial images. More specifically, in this apparatus, as shown in FIG. 18, the images displayed separately by the two display units 903 and 904 are collected on one optical path using the half mirror 905, and the transmission imaging mirror 902 is obtained. Are simultaneously projected onto one space. As a result, aerial images 906 and 907 are formed. The observer 100 can visually recognize these two aerial images 906 and 907 together.
  • the half mirror 905 since the half mirror 905 is used, the amount of light is greatly lost before reaching the observer 100.
  • the light amount of the video output from the display unit 903 is 1 ⁇ 2 or less when transmitted through the half mirror 905.
  • the light amount of the image output from the display unit 904 is 1 ⁇ 2 or less when passing through the half mirror 905.
  • the light use efficiency must be deteriorated in this way, so if you want to achieve a certain brightness in the finally obtained image, in any of the multiple display units, It is necessary to display with a luminance more than twice the target luminance.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide an image display device that can display a plurality of aerial images and has high light utilization efficiency.
  • an image display device includes a reflective polarizing plate having a property of transmitting on the first polarization axis and reflecting on the second polarizing axis, and the first polarization of the reflective polarizing plate.
  • a first display unit that emits an image toward the reflective polarizing plate with light having a polarization axis in the same direction as the axis; and light having a polarization axis in the same direction as the second polarizing axis of the reflective polarizing plate.
  • a second display unit that emits an image toward the reflective polarizing plate; a first main surface and a second main surface facing each other; and the first display unit based on light incident from the first main surface side.
  • a transmission imaging mirror capable of generating an aerial image visible from the second main surface side outside the second main surface side, the first display unit, the second display unit, and the transmission connection
  • the image mirror is an image emitted from the first display unit and transmitted through the reflective polarizing plate.
  • the light to be used for video display is made incident on the transmission imaging mirror after determining whether the light reaching from the display unit is transmitted or reflected by the polarization state of the light.
  • a plurality of aerial images can be displayed, and an image display device with high light utilization efficiency can be realized.
  • Embodiment 3 It is a conceptual diagram of the video display apparatus in Embodiment 3 based on this invention, and is explanatory drawing in case both a 1st display part and a 2nd display part are a dark display state. It is a conceptual diagram of the video display apparatus based on a prior art.
  • the video display device 101 has a reflective polarizing plate 1 having a property of transmitting on the first polarizing axis and reflecting on the second polarizing axis, and a polarizing axis in the same direction as the first polarizing axis of the reflective polarizing plate 1.
  • the first display unit 3 that emits an image toward the reflective polarizing plate 1 with light, and the image with the light having the polarization axis in the same direction as the second polarizing axis of the reflective polarizing plate 1 are reflected on the reflective polarizing plate 1.
  • the second display unit 4 that emits light toward the screen and the transmission imaging mirror 2 are provided.
  • the transmission imaging mirror 2 has a first main surface 2a and a second main surface 2b facing each other.
  • the transmission imaging mirror 2 can generate an aerial image visible from the second main surface 2b side outside the second main surface 2b side based on light incident from the first main surface 2a side.
  • the first display unit 3, the second display unit 4, and the transmission imaging mirror 2 are emitted from the first display unit 3 and the optical axis of the image transmitted through the reflective polarizing plate 1 and from the second display unit 4.
  • the optical axes of the images reflected by the reflective polarizing plate 1 are arranged in a positional relationship such that they are incident on the first main surface 2a of the transmissive imaging mirror 2 in a state where they coincide with the optical axis of the image.
  • the light of the video emitted from the first display unit 3 has a polarization axis in the same direction as the first polarization axis.
  • the light passes through the mold polarizing plate 1 and enters the first main surface 2 a of the transmission imaging mirror 2.
  • the incident angle with respect to the first main surface 2a is defined as ⁇ 1.
  • the image light emitted from the second display unit 4 has a polarization axis in the same direction as the second polarization axis, it is reflected by the reflective polarizing plate 1. At this time, the incident angle and the reflection angle at the reflective polarizing plate 1 are ⁇ 2.
  • the light emitted from the second display unit 4 and reflected by the reflective polarizing plate 1 is transmitted through the imaging mirror in a state where the optical axis coincides with the light emitted from the first display unit 3 and transmitted through the reflective polarizing plate 1.
  • 2 is incident on the first main surface 2a. That is, any image light is incident on the first main surface 2a at an incident angle ⁇ 1.
  • the transmission imaging mirror 2 generates an aerial image outside the second main surface 2b due to its characteristics.
  • An aerial video 6 corresponding to the display content given from the first display unit 3 and an aerial video 7 corresponding to the display content given from the second display unit 4 are respectively generated.
  • the observer 100 can observe both the aerial images 6 and 7.
  • the transmission imaging mirror 2 does not lose the light amount significantly unlike the conventional half mirror, and much of the incident light amount can be used for imaging an aerial image after emission. Therefore, the image observed by the observer has a brightness comparable to the amount of light emitted from the first display unit 3 and the second display unit 4.
  • whether light transmitted from the display unit is transmitted or reflected is determined by the polarization state of the light, so that transmission and reflection are performed using a half mirror as in the past. Compared to the above, the light utilization efficiency can be increased.
  • the transmission imaging mirror 2 has a property of forming an aerial image at a position that is emitted at an equal distance to the length of the optical path of incident light from the entity.
  • L1 to L5 the distances of the respective optical paths
  • L4 L1 + L3
  • L4 + L5 L2 + L3 due to the characteristics of the transmission imaging mirror 2.
  • the transmission imaging mirror 2 has the property of forming an aerial image at a position that is emitted at an equal distance to the length of the optical path of the incident light from the entity, but the present invention is applied. In the above, the transmission imaging mirror is not limited to such characteristics.
  • the reflective polarizing plate 1 used in the present embodiment may be a multilayer laminated type, a circularly polarized light separating type, or a wire grid type. Each of these types is described in Patent Document 2. Since the optical path length changes depending on the incident angle of light in the multilayer laminated type, there is a drawback that the polarization characteristic changes depending on the incident angle. However, in this embodiment, the angle incident on the reflective polarizing plate is not vertical. Care must be taken when adopting the multilayer stack type. When adopting a circularly polarized light separation type, it should be considered that manufacturing is difficult. In this embodiment, it is particularly preferable to use a wire grid type reflective polarizing plate. Moreover, you may employ
  • Embodiment 2 With reference to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the video display apparatus 102 in Embodiment 2 based on this invention is demonstrated.
  • the video display device 102 in the present embodiment has basically the same configuration as the video display device 101 described in the first embodiment, but the video display device 102 has a first display unit as compared with the video display device 101. 3. The contents of the second display unit 4 are more specified.
  • the first display unit 3 is a liquid crystal display device 13 having a liquid crystal layer 3d. More preferably, the second display unit 4 is a liquid crystal display device 14 having a liquid crystal layer 4d.
  • both the first display unit 3 and the second display unit 4 are liquid crystal display devices, but only one of them may be a liquid crystal display device. More preferably, both are liquid crystal display devices. Here, an example in which both are liquid crystal display devices will be described.
  • the liquid crystal display device 13 as the first display unit 3 includes a backlight 3a, a back polarizing plate 3b, a glass substrate 3c, a liquid crystal layer 3d, a glass substrate 3e, and a front polarizing plate 3f. Includes combinations with.
  • An electrode (not shown) for applying a voltage to the liquid crystal layer 3d is formed on the glass substrate 3c and the glass substrate 3e, and a power source 3g is connected thereto.
  • a liquid crystal cell is configured to include a glass substrate 3c, a liquid crystal layer 3d, and a glass substrate 3e.
  • the liquid crystal display device 14 as the second display unit 4 includes a backlight 4a, a back polarizing plate 4b, a glass substrate 4c, a liquid crystal layer 4d, a glass substrate 4e, and a front polarizing plate 4f. Includes combinations with.
  • An electrode (not shown) for applying a voltage to the liquid crystal layer 4d is formed on the glass substrate 4c and the glass substrate 4e, and a power source 4g is connected thereto.
  • a liquid crystal cell is configured to include a glass substrate 4c, a liquid crystal layer 4d, and a glass substrate 4e.
  • the polarization axis of the transmitted light is rotated when no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer, whereas the transmission is performed when a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer. It has the property that the polarization axis of light does not change. Using this property, the direction of the polarization axis of the emitted light can be selected according to the presence or absence of voltage application in each liquid crystal cell.
  • the first display unit 3 is the liquid crystal display device 13 and the second display unit 4 is the liquid crystal display device 14, both have the property of emitting polarized light. Since the light emitted from these devices is already polarized without any additional processing, it is suitable for use as the first and second display portions in the present invention.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 Two polarization axes orthogonal to each other are assumed. These two types of polarization axes are not necessarily perpendicular to or parallel to the plane of the paper. However, for the sake of easy understanding, the two polarization axes are the polarization axis in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the paper and the plane of the paper. And the polarization axis in the direction parallel to the. In FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, these two polarization axes are indicated by two types of symbols.
  • a symbol with a dot in a circle means that the polarization axis is in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface, and a short double-headed arrow symbol means that the polarization axis is in a direction parallel to the paper surface.
  • the polarization axes expressed by these two types of symbols are polarization axes in directions orthogonal to each other. These two types of symbols are hereinafter referred to as “polarization axis symbols”.
  • the transmission polarization axis and the absorption polarization axis of each polarizing plate included in the liquid crystal display devices 13 and 14 are indicated by polarization axis symbols in the vicinity of each polarizing plate.
  • the transmission polarization axis and the reflection polarization axis of the reflective polarizing plate 1 are indicated by polarization axis symbols in the vicinity of the reflective polarizing plate 1. 2 and 3, it is understood that the transmission polarization axis of the reflective polarizing plate 1, that is, the first polarization axis is in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface, and the reflection polarization axis, that is, the second polarization axis is in a direction parallel to the paper surface. .
  • the polarization axis of the light traveling further is indicated by the polarization axis symbol in the middle of the arrow indicating the optical path.
  • FIG. 2 shows an example in which both the first display unit 3 and the second display unit 4 are in a bright display state in the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 shows an example in which both the first display unit 3 and the second display unit 4 are in the dark display state in the present embodiment.
  • the bright display state and the dark display state of the liquid crystal display device 13 which is the first display unit 3 will be described.
  • the light In the bright display state of the liquid crystal display device 13, as shown in FIG. 2, when the light exits the glass substrate 3e of the liquid crystal display device 13, the light has a polarization axis in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface. Since this light coincides with the transmission polarization axis of the front polarizing plate 3 f, the light passes through the front polarizing plate 3 f and is emitted from the liquid crystal display device 13. This light enters the reflective polarizing plate 1 while maintaining the polarization axis. Since the polarization axis of the light coincides with the transmission polarization axis of the reflective polarizing plate 1, the light passes through the reflective polarizing plate 1 as it is and proceeds to the transmissive imaging mirror 2.
  • the light In the dark display state of the liquid crystal display device 13, as shown in FIG. 3, when the light exits the glass substrate 3e of the liquid crystal display device 13, the light has a polarization axis parallel to the paper surface. Since this light coincides with the absorption polarization axis of the front polarizing plate 3f, it is absorbed by the front polarizing plate 3f. This light is not emitted from the liquid crystal display device 13. Therefore, this light does not enter the reflective polarizing plate 1 and does not enter the transmission imaging mirror 2. Therefore, when the liquid crystal display device 13 is in the dark display state, the light of the backlight 3a of the liquid crystal display device 13 does not affect the display of the final aerial image.
  • the bright display state and the dark display state of the liquid crystal display device 14 which is the second display unit 4 will be described.
  • the light In the bright display state of the liquid crystal display device 14, as shown in FIG. 2, when the light exits the glass substrate 4e of the liquid crystal display device 14, the light has a polarization axis parallel to the paper surface. Since this light coincides with the transmission polarization axis of the front polarizing plate 4f, the light passes through the front polarizing plate 4f and is emitted from the liquid crystal display device 14. This light enters the reflective polarizing plate 1 while maintaining the polarization axis. Since the polarization axis of the light coincides with the reflection polarization axis of the reflective polarizing plate 1, the light is reflected as it is by the reflective polarizing plate 1 and proceeds to the transmission imaging mirror 2.
  • the light has a polarization axis in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface when it exits the glass substrate 4 e of the liquid crystal display device 14. Since this light coincides with the absorption polarization axis of the front polarizing plate 4f, it is absorbed by the front polarizing plate 4f. This light is not emitted from the liquid crystal display device 14. Therefore, this light does not enter the reflective polarizing plate 1 and does not enter the transmission imaging mirror 2. Therefore, when the liquid crystal display device 14 is in the dark display state, the light of the backlight 4a of the liquid crystal display device 14 does not affect the display of the final aerial image.
  • the transmission imaging mirror 2 When both of the liquid crystal display devices 13 and 14 are in a bright display state, the light emitted from each of the liquid crystal display devices 13 and 14 is not substantially absorbed, and the optical axes are made to coincide with each other to the transmission imaging mirror 2. It will progress towards. Based on these two types of light, the transmission imaging mirror 2 generates two aerial images 6 and 7 as shown in the first embodiment.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 show the case where both the liquid crystal display devices 13 and 14 are in the bright display state and the case where both the liquid crystal display devices 13 and 14 are in the dark display state. Not necessarily. It is possible that one of the liquid crystal display devices 13 and 14 is in a bright display state and the other is in a dark display state. In that case, the corresponding portions can be extracted from FIGS. 2 and 3 and combined. Therefore, it is considered that two aerial images 6 and 7 generated by the transmission imaging mirror 2 are basically displayed at the same time, but one aerial image can be obtained by completely darkening one of the display units. It is also possible to display only.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example in which the generation positions of the aerial videos 6 and 7 are different.
  • the positions of the two aerial videos are not necessarily different, and two aerial videos may be generated at the same position.
  • the images are generated at different positions, it is preferable for the observer because the images can be viewed at different distance positions in the field of view, so that images with a sense of perspective can be obtained.
  • the distance L1 between the reflective polarizing plate 1 and the first display unit 3, the reflective polarizing plate 1 and the second display unit. 4 is preferably different from the distance L2. If the distances L1 and L2 are made different from each other in this way, L5 ⁇ 0, and the aerial images 6 and 7 are generated at different positions. As a result, it is possible to provide a viewer with a perspective image. It is.
  • the background 32 is displayed on the first display unit 3 as shown in FIG. 4, and the person 31 is displayed on the second display unit 4 as shown in FIG. At this time, the viewer 100 sees an image in which the person 31 and the background 32 are combined as shown in FIG.
  • the person 31 appears to be in front of the background 32, and a three-dimensional image can be obtained.
  • the area 35 overlapping the person 31 is not displayed and is in a dark state.
  • the first display unit 3 is switched to the complete dark display state as shown in FIG. 12, and at the same time, the alert information 34 is displayed on the second display unit 4 as shown in FIG. To do. By doing so, only the alert information 34 is visible to the observer as shown in FIGS. 14 and 15. Moreover, as is clear from a comparison between FIG. 11 and FIG. 15, the alert information 34 appears before the position where the normal information 33 has been displayed so far. You can give a feeling as if you were jumping out. Therefore, it is possible to attract the viewer's attention more reliably than the conventional display device.
  • the example in which the first display unit 3 and the second display unit 4 are the liquid crystal display devices 13 and 14 has been described.
  • the liquid crystal display devices 13 and 14 are capable of observing images even when taken out independently. That is, these liquid crystal display devices 13 and 14 have a structure in which polarizing plates are provided on both surfaces of a glass substrate.
  • the first display unit 3 and the second display unit 4 cause light to enter the reflective polarizing plate 1, if the light polarization axes are appropriately combined, It is possible to make the reflection type polarizing plate 1 play the role that the polarizing plate stacked on the exit side surface should play, and the polarizing plate stacked on the exit side surface of the glass substrate can be omitted. .
  • the video display apparatus 103 in Embodiment 3 based on this invention is demonstrated.
  • the first display unit 3 and the second display unit 4 are the liquid crystal display devices 23 and 24, respectively.
  • the light emitted from the liquid crystal layer 3d of the first display unit 3 is emitted from the first display unit 3 without passing through the polarizing plate.
  • the liquid crystal display device 23 that is the first display unit 3 includes a combination of a backlight 3a, a back polarizing plate 3b, a glass substrate 3c, a liquid crystal layer 3d, and a glass substrate 3e. Yes.
  • the point that the power source 3g is connected to apply a voltage to the liquid crystal layer 3d in the liquid crystal cell is the same as that described in the second embodiment, but a polarizing plate is arranged on the emission side of the glass substrate 3e. It has not been.
  • the light emitted from the liquid crystal layer 4d of the second display unit 4 is emitted from the second display unit 4 without passing through the polarizing plate.
  • the liquid crystal display device 24 that is the second display unit 4 includes a combination of a backlight 4a, a back polarizing plate 4b, a glass substrate 4c, a liquid crystal layer 4d, and a glass substrate 4e. Yes.
  • the point that the power source 4g is connected to apply a voltage to the liquid crystal layer 4d in the liquid crystal cell is the same as that described in the second embodiment, but a polarizing plate is arranged on the emission side of the glass substrate 4e. It has not been.
  • a polarizing plate overlaid on the exit side surface of a glass substrate of a conventional liquid crystal display device is transmitted and transmitted by a combination of the polarizing axis of the polarizing plate itself and the polarizing axis of the light transmitted through the liquid crystal layer.
  • the reflection type polarizing plate 1 has a function of selecting either transmission or reflection according to the polarization axis, so that the emission side of the glass substrate is used.
  • the reflective polarizing plate 1 can be made to play the role of the polarizing plate superimposed on the surface.
  • both the first display unit 3 and the second display unit 4 are liquid crystal display devices each having no polarizing plate on the exit side surface, but only one of them is such a liquid crystal display device. It may be a liquid crystal display device. It is more preferable that both the first display unit 3 and the second display unit 4 are liquid crystal display devices having no polarizing plate on the emission side surface. This is because the number of parts of the liquid crystal display device can be reduced if the polarizing plate is not necessary.
  • FIG. 16 shows an example in which the display contents of both the first display unit 3 and the second display unit 4 are to be displayed brightly in the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 17 shows an example in which the display contents of both the first display unit 3 and the second display unit 4 are to be darkly displayed in the present embodiment.
  • the liquid crystal display device 23 since the liquid crystal display device 23 is not provided with an output-side polarizing plate, the polarization axis of the emitted light is only switched in both cases of finally displaying brightly and darkly displaying, From the liquid crystal display device 23, the light of any one of the two polarization axes is emitted.
  • the liquid crystal display device 23 in operation Since the difference between the polarization axes cannot be distinguished at first glance by the human naked eye, if the liquid crystal display device 23 in operation is directly observed, light appears to be emitted in either case. Therefore, even when the display content of the liquid crystal display device 23 is finally intended for the final dark display, the liquid crystal display device 23 alone does not appear to be a dark display. Therefore, here, the state of the liquid crystal display device when the display content should finally be brightly displayed is the “bright display” of the liquid crystal display device regardless of whether or not light is actually emitted from the liquid crystal display device. It shall be called “state”. Similarly, the state of the liquid crystal display device when the display content is to be finally dark displayed is referred to as the “dark display state” of the liquid crystal display device regardless of whether light is actually emitted. .
  • the bright display state and the dark display state of the display content of the liquid crystal display device 23 which is the first display unit 3 will be described.
  • the back polarizing plate 3b In the bright display state of the liquid crystal display device 23, as shown in the left half of FIG. 16, light emitted from the backlight 3a first enters the back polarizing plate 3b.
  • the incident light includes various components, but only the component having a polarization axis parallel to the paper surface is transmitted through the back polarizing plate 3b.
  • a TN (Twisted Nematic) liquid crystal is used for the liquid crystal layer 3d and the voltage is in an off state.
  • the light transmitted through the back polarizing plate 3b transmits through the liquid crystal layer 3d, the light changes to a state having a polarization axis in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface.
  • the transmission polarization axis of the reflection type polarizing plate 1 that is, the first polarization axis is a direction perpendicular to the paper surface
  • the light that has arrived from the first display unit 3 passes through the reflection type polarization plate 1 as it is, and the transmission imaging mirror 2. Head for.
  • the final bright display is realized with respect to the first display unit 3.
  • the dark display state of the liquid crystal display device 23 it is as shown in the left half of FIG.
  • the light emitted from the backlight 3a passes through the back polarizing plate 3b and becomes light having a polarization axis parallel to the paper surface, and is incident on the liquid crystal layer 3d as in FIG. It is assumed that the voltage of the liquid crystal layer 3d is on.
  • the light transmitted through the back polarizing plate 3b does not change the polarization axis when transmitted through the liquid crystal layer 3d. This light exits from the first display unit 3 while maintaining a state having a polarization axis parallel to the paper surface, and travels toward the reflective polarizing plate 1.
  • the reflection polarization axis of the reflection type polarizing plate 1 that is, the second polarization axis is a direction parallel to the paper surface
  • the light reaching from the first display unit 3 is reflected by the reflection type polarizing plate 1. Since this light does not go to the transmissive imaging mirror 2, the first display unit 3 is finally darkly displayed. Since the light reflected by the reflective polarizing plate 1 does not go to the transmissive imaging mirror 2, it does not affect the final aerial image display.
  • the back polarizing plate 4b In the bright display state of the liquid crystal display device 24, as shown in the right half of FIG. 16, light emitted from the backlight 4a first enters the back polarizing plate 4b.
  • the incident light includes various components, but only the component having a polarization axis perpendicular to the paper surface is transmitted through the back polarizing plate 4b.
  • TN liquid crystal is used for the liquid crystal layer 4d as well as the liquid crystal layer 3d, and that the voltage is off in the bright display state.
  • the light transmitted through the back polarizing plate 4b is transmitted through the liquid crystal layer 4d, the light changes to a state having a polarization axis in a direction parallel to the paper surface.
  • the dark display state of the liquid crystal display device 24 As shown in the right half of FIG.
  • the light emitted from the backlight 4a is transmitted through the back polarizing plate 4b and becomes light having a polarization axis perpendicular to the paper surface, and is incident on the liquid crystal layer 4d, as shown in FIG.
  • the voltage of the liquid crystal layer 4d is assumed to be on.
  • the light transmitted through the back polarizing plate 4b does not change the polarization axis when transmitted through the liquid crystal layer 4d. This light exits from the first display unit 4 while maintaining a state having a polarization axis perpendicular to the paper surface, and travels toward the reflective polarizing plate 1.
  • the transmission polarization axis of the reflection type polarizing plate 1 that is, the first polarization axis is a direction perpendicular to the paper surface
  • the light reaching from the second display unit 4 is transmitted through the reflection type polarizing plate 1. Since this light does not go to the transmission imaging mirror 2, the second display unit 4 is finally darkly displayed. Since the light transmitted through the reflective polarizing plate 1 does not go to the transmissive imaging mirror 2, it does not affect the final display of the aerial image.
  • light is not emitted from the dark display state display unit.
  • light is also emitted from the dark display state display unit, and this light is reflected. Since the light is only propagated to a different side from the transmissive imaging mirror 2 by reflection or transmission at the polarizing plate 1, the light is not reflected by any member and directed to the transmissive imaging mirror 2. It is desirable to consider when designing the structure.
  • the brightness and darkness of the entire image of each liquid crystal display device as the first display unit and the second display unit has been described.
  • the brightness of the pixel in the liquid crystal display device as the first display unit and the liquid crystal as the second display unit It can be considered as a combination between brightness and darkness of the pixel in the display device.
  • the first polarization axis of the reflective polarizing plate is a direction perpendicular to the paper surface
  • the second polarization axis is the paper surface.
  • the direction of the polarization axis is not limited to this.
  • the polarization axes of light emitted from the first display unit and the second display unit may be adjusted as appropriate.
  • the present invention can be used for an image display device for displaying an image in the air.
  • SYMBOLS 1 Reflective polarizing plate, 2,902 Transmission imaging mirror, 2a 1st main surface, 2b 2nd main surface, 3rd display part, 3a, 4a backlight, 3b, 4b back polarizing plate, 3c, 4c, 3e , 4e glass substrate, 3d, 4d liquid crystal layer, 3f, 4f front polarizing plate, 3g, 4g power supply, 4 second display unit, 6, 7 aerial video, 13, 14, 23, 24 liquid crystal display device, 31 person, 32 Background, 33 normal information, 34 alerting information, 100 observers, 101, 102, 103 video display device, 903, 904 display unit, 905 half mirror, 906, 907 aerial video.

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Abstract

An image display device (101) comprises: a reflective polarizer (1); a first display portion (3) for emitting an image toward the reflective polarizer (1) by using light having a polarization axis having the same direction as the transmission polarization axis of the reflective polarizer (1); a second display portion (4) for emitting an image toward the reflective polarizer (1) by using light having a polarization axis having the same direction as the reflection polarization axis of the reflective polarizer (1); and a transmission image formation mirror (2) capable of, based on the light incident from the side of a first principal surface (2a), generating, outside the side of a second principal surface (2b), an aerial image viewable from the side of the second principal surface (2b). The first display portion (3), the second display portion (4), and the transmission image formation mirror (2) are arranged in such a positional relationship that while the optical axis of the image emitted from the first display portion (3) and transmitted through the reflective polarizer (1) and the optical axis of the image emitted from the second display portion (4) and reflected on the reflective polarizer (1) match each other, the images are incident into the first principal surface (2a).

Description

映像表示装置Video display device
　本発明は、空中に映像を表示するための映像表示装置に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a video display device for displaying video in the air.
　一般的な鏡においては、観察者から見たとき、鏡の手前に置いた物体の像が、鏡の奥側に生成される。このように生成される像は「虚像」と呼ばれる。虚像は鏡の向こう側に見えるので、観察者はその虚像の位置に手を伸ばすことはできない。これに対して、鏡の奥に置いた物体の像を鏡の手前側に生成する鏡が開発されている。このように生成される像は「実像」と呼ばれる。実像の場合、鏡より手前の空中にあたかも物体が存在しているかのような感覚を観察者に与える。他に遮るものがない場合には、観察者はその実像の位置にまで手を伸ばすことができる。 In general mirrors, when viewed from an observer, an image of an object placed in front of the mirror is generated on the back side of the mirror. An image generated in this way is called a “virtual image”. Since the virtual image appears beyond the mirror, the observer cannot reach to the virtual image. On the other hand, a mirror that generates an image of an object placed behind the mirror on the front side of the mirror has been developed. An image generated in this way is called a “real image”. In the case of a real image, the viewer feels as if an object is present in the air before the mirror. If there is nothing else to block, the observer can reach to the position of the real image.
　このように実像を生成する鏡は、たとえば、国際公開ＷＯ２００９／１３６５７８Ａ１（特許文献１）に記載されている。ここでは、このように一方の側にある対象物の実像を他方の側に生成する鏡のことを「透過結像鏡」と呼ぶものとする。透過結像鏡の手前側の空中に実像として映し出される映像を「空中映像」と呼ぶものとする。 A mirror that generates a real image in this way is described in, for example, International Publication WO2009 / 136578A1 (Patent Document 1). Here, a mirror that generates a real image of an object on one side in this way on the other side is referred to as a “transmission imaging mirror”. An image projected as a real image in the air on the near side of the transmission imaging mirror is referred to as an “aerial image”.
　一方、反射型偏光板なるものが開発されている。その一例は、特開２００８－２５６８８３号公報（特許文献２）に記載されている。 On the other hand, a reflective polarizing plate has been developed. One example is described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-256883 (Patent Document 2).
国際公開ＷＯ２００９／１３６５７８Ａ１International Publication WO2009 / 136578A1 特開２００８－２５６８８３号公報JP 2008-256883 A
　特許文献１では、透過結像鏡を用いた映像表示装置について記載されている。特に、特許文献１の図１０に示される装置は、複数の空中映像を表示するためのものである。より詳しく説明すると、この装置では、図１８に示すように、２つの表示部９０３，９０４によって別々に表示される映像がハーフミラー９０５を用いて１つの光路上にまとめられ、透過結像鏡９０２によって１つの空間に同時に投射されている。この結果、空中映像９０６，９０７が結像する。観察者１００はこれら２つの空中映像９０６，９０７をまとめて視認することができる。 Patent Document 1 describes a video display device using a transmission imaging mirror. In particular, the apparatus shown in FIG. 10 of Patent Document 1 is for displaying a plurality of aerial images. More specifically, in this apparatus, as shown in FIG. 18, the images displayed separately by the two display units 903 and 904 are collected on one optical path using the half mirror 905, and the transmission imaging mirror 902 is obtained. Are simultaneously projected onto one space. As a result, aerial images 906 and 907 are formed. The observer 100 can visually recognize these two aerial images 906 and 907 together.
　しかし、この映像表示装置では、ハーフミラー９０５が用いられているので、観察者１００に到達するまでに光量が大幅に失われている。たとえば２つの表示部９０３，９０４のうち、表示部９０３から出た映像の光量はハーフミラー９０５を透過する際に１／２以下となる。同様に、表示部９０４から出た映像の光量もハーフミラー９０５を透過する際に１／２以下となる。ハーフミラーを用いた方式では、このように光利用効率が悪くならざるを得ないので、最終的に得られる映像に一定の輝度を実現させようとすれば、複数ある表示部のいずれにおいても、目的とする輝度の２倍以上の輝度で表示することが必要となる。 However, in this video display device, since the half mirror 905 is used, the amount of light is greatly lost before reaching the observer 100. For example, of the two display units 903 and 904, the light amount of the video output from the display unit 903 is ½ or less when transmitted through the half mirror 905. Similarly, the light amount of the image output from the display unit 904 is ½ or less when passing through the half mirror 905. In the method using the half mirror, the light use efficiency must be deteriorated in this way, so if you want to achieve a certain brightness in the finally obtained image, in any of the multiple display units, It is necessary to display with a luminance more than twice the target luminance.
　そこで、本発明は、複数の空中映像を表示することができ、かつ、光利用効率の良い映像表示装置を提供することを目的とする。 Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an image display device that can display a plurality of aerial images and has high light utilization efficiency.
　上記目的を達成するため、本発明に基づく映像表示装置は、第１偏光軸において透過し、第２偏光軸において反射する性質を有する反射型偏光板と、上記反射型偏光板の上記第１偏光軸と同方向の偏光軸を有する光で映像を上記反射型偏光板に向けて出射する第１表示部と、上記反射型偏光板の上記第２偏光軸と同方向の偏光軸を有する光で映像を上記反射型偏光板に向けて出射する第２表示部と、互いに対向する第１主表面および第２主表面を有し、上記第１主表面の側から入射した光を元に上記第２主表面の側から視認可能な空中映像を上記第２主表面の側の外部に生成することができる透過結像鏡とを備え、上記第１表示部、上記第２表示部および上記透過結像鏡は、上記第１表示部から発せられて上記反射型偏光板を透過した映像の光軸と上記第２表示部から発せられて上記反射型偏光板で反射された映像の光軸とが一致した状態で、上記透過結像鏡の上記第１主表面に入射するような位置関係で配置されている。 In order to achieve the above object, an image display device according to the present invention includes a reflective polarizing plate having a property of transmitting on the first polarization axis and reflecting on the second polarizing axis, and the first polarization of the reflective polarizing plate. A first display unit that emits an image toward the reflective polarizing plate with light having a polarization axis in the same direction as the axis; and light having a polarization axis in the same direction as the second polarizing axis of the reflective polarizing plate. A second display unit that emits an image toward the reflective polarizing plate; a first main surface and a second main surface facing each other; and the first display unit based on light incident from the first main surface side. A transmission imaging mirror capable of generating an aerial image visible from the second main surface side outside the second main surface side, the first display unit, the second display unit, and the transmission connection The image mirror is an image emitted from the first display unit and transmitted through the reflective polarizing plate. Positional relationship such that the optical axis is incident on the first main surface of the transmission imaging mirror in a state where the optical axis of the image emitted from the second display unit and reflected by the reflective polarizing plate coincides Is arranged in.
　本発明によれば、表示部から到達する光を透過させるか反射させるかを、その光の偏光状態によって決定した後に、映像表示に利用すべき光を透過結像鏡に入射させているので、複数の空中映像を表示することができ、かつ、光利用効率の良い映像表示装置を実現することができる。 According to the present invention, the light to be used for video display is made incident on the transmission imaging mirror after determining whether the light reaching from the display unit is transmitted or reflected by the polarization state of the light. A plurality of aerial images can be displayed, and an image display device with high light utilization efficiency can be realized.
本発明に基づく実施の形態１における映像表示装置の概念図である。It is a conceptual diagram of the video display apparatus in Embodiment 1 based on this invention. 本発明に基づく実施の形態２における映像表示装置の概念図であり、第１表示部および第２表示部の両方が明表示状態である場合の説明図である。It is a conceptual diagram of the video display apparatus in Embodiment 2 based on this invention, and is explanatory drawing in case both a 1st display part and a 2nd display part are a bright display state. 本発明に基づく実施の形態２における映像表示装置の概念図であり、第１表示部および第２表示部の両方が暗表示状態である場合の説明図である。It is a conceptual diagram of the video display apparatus in Embodiment 2 based on this invention, and is explanatory drawing in case both a 1st display part and a 2nd display part are a dark display state. 本発明に基づく実施の形態１，２における映像表示装置の第１の使用例として第１表示部で表示させる映像内容の図である。It is a figure of the video content displayed on a 1st display part as the 1st usage example of the video display apparatus in Embodiment 1, 2 based on this invention. 本発明に基づく実施の形態１，２における映像表示装置の第１の使用例として第２表示部で表示させる映像内容の図である。It is a figure of the video content displayed on a 2nd display part as the 1st usage example of the video display apparatus in Embodiment 1, 2 based on this invention. 本発明に基づく実施の形態１，２における映像表示装置の第１の使用例として観察者に見える映像内容の図である。It is a figure of the video content which a viewer sees as the 1st usage example of the video display apparatus in Embodiment 1, 2 based on this invention. 本発明に基づく実施の形態１，２における映像表示装置の第１の使用例の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the 1st usage example of the video display apparatus in Embodiment 1, 2 based on this invention. 本発明に基づく実施の形態１，２における映像表示装置の第２の使用例として平常時に第１表示部で表示させる映像内容の図である。It is a figure of the video content displayed on a 1st display part at normal time as the 2nd usage example of the video display apparatus in Embodiment 1, 2 based on this invention. 本発明に基づく実施の形態１，２における映像表示装置の第２の使用例として平常時に第２表示部で表示させる映像内容の図である。It is a figure of the video content displayed on a 2nd display part at normal time as the 2nd usage example of the video display apparatus in Embodiment 1, 2 based on this invention. 本発明に基づく実施の形態１，２における映像表示装置の第２の使用例として平常時に観察者に見える映像内容の図である。It is a figure of the image | video content which a viewer sees as usual as the 2nd usage example of the video display apparatus in Embodiment 1, 2 based on this invention. 本発明に基づく実施の形態１，２における映像表示装置の第２の使用例の平常時の状態の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the normal state of the 2nd usage example of the video display apparatus in Embodiment 1, 2 based on this invention. 本発明に基づく実施の形態１，２における映像表示装置の第２の使用例として緊急時に第１表示部で表示させる映像内容の図である。It is a figure of the video content displayed on a 1st display part at the time of emergency as a 2nd usage example of the video display apparatus in Embodiment 1, 2 based on this invention. 本発明に基づく実施の形態１，２における映像表示装置の第２の使用例として緊急時に第２表示部で表示させる映像内容の図である。It is a figure of the video content displayed on a 2nd display part at the time of emergency as a 2nd usage example of the video display apparatus in Embodiment 1, 2 based on this invention. 本発明に基づく実施の形態１，２における映像表示装置の第２の使用例として緊急時に観察者に見える映像内容の図である。It is a figure of the video content which an observer sees at the time of emergency as the 2nd usage example of the video display apparatus in Embodiment 1, 2 based on this invention. 本発明に基づく実施の形態１，２における映像表示装置の第２の使用例の緊急時の状態の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the state in emergency of the 2nd usage example of the video display apparatus in Embodiment 1, 2 based on this invention. 本発明に基づく実施の形態３における映像表示装置の概念図であり、第１表示部および第２表示部の両方が明表示状態である場合の説明図である。It is a conceptual diagram of the video display apparatus in Embodiment 3 based on this invention, and is explanatory drawing in case both a 1st display part and a 2nd display part are a bright display state. 本発明に基づく実施の形態３における映像表示装置の概念図であり、第１表示部および第２表示部の両方が暗表示状態である場合の説明図である。It is a conceptual diagram of the video display apparatus in Embodiment 3 based on this invention, and is explanatory drawing in case both a 1st display part and a 2nd display part are a dark display state. 従来技術に基づく映像表示装置の概念図である。It is a conceptual diagram of the video display apparatus based on a prior art.
　（実施の形態１）
　図１を参照して、本発明に基づく実施の形態１における映像表示装置１０１について説明する。映像表示装置１０１は、第１偏光軸において透過し、第２偏光軸において反射する性質を有する反射型偏光板１と、反射型偏光板１の前記第１偏光軸と同方向の偏光軸を有する光で映像を反射型偏光板１に向けて出射する第１表示部３と、反射型偏光板１の前記第２偏光軸と同方向の偏光軸を有する光で映像を反射型偏光板１に向けて出射する第２表示部４と、透過結像鏡２とを備える。透過結像鏡２は、互いに対向する第１主表面２ａおよび第２主表面２ｂを有する。透過結像鏡２は、第１主表面２ａの側から入射した光を元に第２主表面２ｂの側から視認可能な空中映像を第２主表面２ｂの側の外部に生成することができる。第１表示部３、第２表示部４および透過結像鏡２は、第１表示部３から発せられて反射型偏光板１を透過した映像の光軸と第２表示部４から発せられて反射型偏光板１で反射された映像の光軸とが一致した状態で、透過結像鏡２の第１主表面２ａに入射するような位置関係で配置されている。 (Embodiment 1)
With reference to FIG. 1, video display apparatus 101 according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described. The video display device 101 has a reflective polarizing plate 1 having a property of transmitting on the first polarizing axis and reflecting on the second polarizing axis, and a polarizing axis in the same direction as the first polarizing axis of the reflective polarizing plate 1. The first display unit 3 that emits an image toward the reflective polarizing plate 1 with light, and the image with the light having the polarization axis in the same direction as the second polarizing axis of the reflective polarizing plate 1 are reflected on the reflective polarizing plate 1. The second display unit 4 that emits light toward the screen and the transmission imaging mirror 2 are provided. The transmission imaging mirror 2 has a first main surface 2a and a second main surface 2b facing each other. The transmission imaging mirror 2 can generate an aerial image visible from the second main surface 2b side outside the second main surface 2b side based on light incident from the first main surface 2a side. . The first display unit 3, the second display unit 4, and the transmission imaging mirror 2 are emitted from the first display unit 3 and the optical axis of the image transmitted through the reflective polarizing plate 1 and from the second display unit 4. The optical axes of the images reflected by the reflective polarizing plate 1 are arranged in a positional relationship such that they are incident on the first main surface 2a of the transmissive imaging mirror 2 in a state where they coincide with the optical axis of the image.
　本実施の形態における映像表示装置１０１では、このような配置となっているので、第１表示部３から出射された映像の光は、第１偏光軸と同方向の偏光軸を有するので、反射型偏光板１を透過して透過結像鏡２の第１主表面２ａに入射する。この第１主表面２ａに対する入射角をθ１とする。第２表示部４から出射された映像の光は、第２偏光軸と同方向の偏光軸を有するので、反射型偏光板１で反射される。このときの反射型偏光板１での入射角および反射角をθ２とする。第２表示部４から出射して反射型偏光板１で反射した光は、第１表示部３から出射して反射型偏光板１を透過した光と光軸が一致した状態で透過結像鏡２の第１主表面２ａに入射する。すなわち、いずれの映像の光も入射角θ１で第１主表面２ａに入射する。透過結像鏡２はその特性により、空中映像を第２主表面２ｂの側の外部に生成する。第１表示部３から与えられた表示内容に対応する空中映像６と、第２表示部４から与えられた表示内容に対応する空中映像７とがそれぞれ生成される。観察者１００は、空中映像６，７の両方を観察することができる。 Since the video display device 101 according to the present embodiment has such an arrangement, the light of the video emitted from the first display unit 3 has a polarization axis in the same direction as the first polarization axis. The light passes through the mold polarizing plate 1 and enters the first main surface 2 a of the transmission imaging mirror 2. The incident angle with respect to the first main surface 2a is defined as θ1. Since the image light emitted from the second display unit 4 has a polarization axis in the same direction as the second polarization axis, it is reflected by the reflective polarizing plate 1. At this time, the incident angle and the reflection angle at the reflective polarizing plate 1 are θ2. The light emitted from the second display unit 4 and reflected by the reflective polarizing plate 1 is transmitted through the imaging mirror in a state where the optical axis coincides with the light emitted from the first display unit 3 and transmitted through the reflective polarizing plate 1. 2 is incident on the first main surface 2a. That is, any image light is incident on the first main surface 2a at an incident angle θ1. The transmission imaging mirror 2 generates an aerial image outside the second main surface 2b due to its characteristics. An aerial video 6 corresponding to the display content given from the first display unit 3 and an aerial video 7 corresponding to the display content given from the second display unit 4 are respectively generated. The observer 100 can observe both the aerial images 6 and 7.
　第１表示部３から出射した光は、元々、第１偏光軸と同方向の偏光軸を有するので、さほど光量を失うことなく、反射型偏光板１を透過することができる。また、第２表示部４から出射した光は、元々、第２偏光軸と同方向の偏光軸を有するので、さほど光量を失うことなく、反射型偏光板１で反射することができる。さらに、透過結像鏡２では、従来のハーフミラーのように光量を大幅に失うことはなく、入射した光量の多くを出射後の空中映像の結像に利用することができる。したがって、観察者が観察する映像は、第１表示部３および第２表示部４で発せられた光量に比べて遜色のない輝度を有するものとなる。 Since the light emitted from the first display unit 3 originally has the same polarization axis as the first polarization axis, it can be transmitted through the reflective polarizing plate 1 without losing much light. In addition, since the light emitted from the second display unit 4 originally has a polarization axis in the same direction as the second polarization axis, it can be reflected by the reflective polarizing plate 1 without losing much light. Further, the transmission imaging mirror 2 does not lose the light amount significantly unlike the conventional half mirror, and much of the incident light amount can be used for imaging an aerial image after emission. Therefore, the image observed by the observer has a brightness comparable to the amount of light emitted from the first display unit 3 and the second display unit 4.
　本実施の形態では、表示部から到達する光を透過させるか反射させるかを、その光の偏光状態によって決定しているので、従来のようにハーフミラーを用いて透過および反射をさせていた場合に比べて光の利用効率を上げることができる。 In the present embodiment, whether light transmitted from the display unit is transmitted or reflected is determined by the polarization state of the light, so that transmission and reflection are performed using a half mirror as in the past. Compared to the above, the light utilization efficiency can be increased.
　以上のように、本実施の形態では、複数の空中映像を表示することができ、かつ、光利用効率の良い映像表示装置を実現することができる。 As described above, in the present embodiment, it is possible to realize a video display device that can display a plurality of aerial videos and has high light utilization efficiency.
　本実施の形態では、透過結像鏡２は、実体からの入射光の光路の長さと等距離だけ出射した先の位置に空中映像を結像する性質を有するものとする。その場合、図１に示すように、各光路の距離をＬ１～Ｌ５と呼ぶこととすると、透過結像鏡２の特性により、Ｌ４＝Ｌ１＋Ｌ３であり、Ｌ４＋Ｌ５＝Ｌ２＋Ｌ３である。なお、ここでは、透過結像鏡２は、実体からの入射光の光路の長さと等距離だけ出射した先の位置に空中映像を結像する性質を有するものとするが、本発明を適用する上では、透過結像鏡はこのような特性のものに限らない。 In the present embodiment, it is assumed that the transmission imaging mirror 2 has a property of forming an aerial image at a position that is emitted at an equal distance to the length of the optical path of incident light from the entity. In this case, as shown in FIG. 1, if the distances of the respective optical paths are referred to as L1 to L5, L4 = L1 + L3 and L4 + L5 = L2 + L3 due to the characteristics of the transmission imaging mirror 2. Here, the transmission imaging mirror 2 has the property of forming an aerial image at a position that is emitted at an equal distance to the length of the optical path of the incident light from the entity, but the present invention is applied. In the above, the transmission imaging mirror is not limited to such characteristics.
　本実施の形態では、第２表示部４は、第２表示部４の表示面が透過結像鏡２の第１主表面２ａと垂直となるように配置されたものとしたが、その場合、θ２＝（９０°－θ１）／２の関係が成り立つ。 In the present embodiment, the second display unit 4 is arranged so that the display surface of the second display unit 4 is perpendicular to the first main surface 2a of the transmission imaging mirror 2, but in that case, The relationship θ2 = (90 ° −θ1) / 2 is established.
　図１に示すように、反射型偏光板１と透過結像鏡２とがなす角度をθ３を定義すると、θ３＝θ１＋θ２＝（９０°＋θ１）／２の関係が成り立つ。 As shown in FIG. 1, when θ3 is defined as an angle formed between the reflective polarizing plate 1 and the transmission imaging mirror 2, a relationship of θ3 = θ1 + θ2 = (90 ° + θ1) / 2 is established.
　なお、本実施の形態で用いられる反射型偏光板１は、多層積層型であっても、円偏光分離型であっても、ワイヤグリッド型であってもよい。これらの各型については、特許文献２に説明されている。多層積層型は光の入射角度により光路長が変化するので、入射角度によって偏光特性が変化してしまうという欠点があるが、本実施の形態では反射型偏光板に入射する角度が垂直ではないので、多層積層型の採用には注意が必要である。円偏光分離型を採用する場合は、製造が難しいという点を考慮すべきである。本実施の形態には、ワイヤグリッド型の反射型偏光板を用いることが特に好ましい。また、本実施の形態における反射型偏光板１として、特許文献２において提案されている反射型偏光板を採用してもよい。 The reflective polarizing plate 1 used in the present embodiment may be a multilayer laminated type, a circularly polarized light separating type, or a wire grid type. Each of these types is described in Patent Document 2. Since the optical path length changes depending on the incident angle of light in the multilayer laminated type, there is a drawback that the polarization characteristic changes depending on the incident angle. However, in this embodiment, the angle incident on the reflective polarizing plate is not vertical. Care must be taken when adopting the multilayer stack type. When adopting a circularly polarized light separation type, it should be considered that manufacturing is difficult. In this embodiment, it is particularly preferable to use a wire grid type reflective polarizing plate. Moreover, you may employ | adopt the reflective polarizing plate proposed in patent document 2 as the reflective polarizing plate 1 in this Embodiment.
　（実施の形態２）
　図２、図３を参照して、本発明に基づく実施の形態２における映像表示装置１０２について説明する。本実施の形態における映像表示装置１０２は、実施の形態１で説明した映像表示装置１０１と基本的に同様の構成であるが、映像表示装置１０２では、映像表示装置１０１に比べて第１表示部３、第２表示部４の内容がより特定されている。 (Embodiment 2)
With reference to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the video display apparatus 102 in Embodiment 2 based on this invention is demonstrated. The video display device 102 in the present embodiment has basically the same configuration as the video display device 101 described in the first embodiment, but the video display device 102 has a first display unit as compared with the video display device 101. 3. The contents of the second display unit 4 are more specified.
　本実施の形態では、第１表示部３は、液晶層３ｄを有する液晶表示装置１３である。さらに好ましいことに、第２表示部４は、液晶層４ｄを有する液晶表示装置１４である。本実施の形態では、第１表示部３と第２表示部４との両方が液晶表示装置であるものとしたが、いずれか一方だけが液晶表示装置であってもよい。両方が液晶表示装置であることがより好ましい。ここでは、両方が液晶表示装置である例について説明する。 In the present embodiment, the first display unit 3 is a liquid crystal display device 13 having a liquid crystal layer 3d. More preferably, the second display unit 4 is a liquid crystal display device 14 having a liquid crystal layer 4d. In the present embodiment, both the first display unit 3 and the second display unit 4 are liquid crystal display devices, but only one of them may be a liquid crystal display device. More preferably, both are liquid crystal display devices. Here, an example in which both are liquid crystal display devices will be described.
　図２に示すように、第１表示部３である液晶表示装置１３は、バックライト３ａと、裏偏光板３ｂと、ガラス基板３ｃと、液晶層３ｄと、ガラス基板３ｅと、表偏光板３ｆとの組合せを含んでいる。ガラス基板３ｃとガラス基板３ｅとには、液晶層３ｄに電圧を印加するための電極（図示せず）が形成されており、電源３ｇが接続されている。ガラス基板３ｃと、液晶層３ｄと、ガラス基板３ｅとを含む形で液晶セルが構成されている。 As shown in FIG. 2, the liquid crystal display device 13 as the first display unit 3 includes a backlight 3a, a back polarizing plate 3b, a glass substrate 3c, a liquid crystal layer 3d, a glass substrate 3e, and a front polarizing plate 3f. Includes combinations with. An electrode (not shown) for applying a voltage to the liquid crystal layer 3d is formed on the glass substrate 3c and the glass substrate 3e, and a power source 3g is connected thereto. A liquid crystal cell is configured to include a glass substrate 3c, a liquid crystal layer 3d, and a glass substrate 3e.
　図２に示すように、第２表示部４である液晶表示装置１４は、バックライト４ａと、裏偏光板４ｂと、ガラス基板４ｃと、液晶層４ｄと、ガラス基板４ｅと、表偏光板４ｆとの組合せを含んでいる。ガラス基板４ｃとガラス基板４ｅとには、液晶層４ｄに電圧を印加するための電極（図示せず）が形成されており、電源４ｇが接続されている。ガラス基板４ｃと、液晶層４ｄと、ガラス基板４ｅとを含む形で液晶セルが構成されている。 As shown in FIG. 2, the liquid crystal display device 14 as the second display unit 4 includes a backlight 4a, a back polarizing plate 4b, a glass substrate 4c, a liquid crystal layer 4d, a glass substrate 4e, and a front polarizing plate 4f. Includes combinations with. An electrode (not shown) for applying a voltage to the liquid crystal layer 4d is formed on the glass substrate 4c and the glass substrate 4e, and a power source 4g is connected thereto. A liquid crystal cell is configured to include a glass substrate 4c, a liquid crystal layer 4d, and a glass substrate 4e.
　液晶表示装置１３，１４の各々に含まれる液晶セルでは、液晶層に電圧を印加しない場合には透過する光の偏光軸が回転するのに対して、液晶層に電圧を印加した場合には透過する光の偏光軸は変化しないという性質を有する。この性質を利用して、各液晶セルにおける電圧印加の有無によって出射光の偏光軸の方向をそれぞれ選択することができる。 In the liquid crystal cell included in each of the liquid crystal display devices 13 and 14, the polarization axis of the transmitted light is rotated when no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer, whereas the transmission is performed when a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer. It has the property that the polarization axis of light does not change. Using this property, the direction of the polarization axis of the emitted light can be selected according to the presence or absence of voltage application in each liquid crystal cell.
　本実施の形態では、第１表示部３は液晶表示装置１３であり、第２表示部４は液晶表示装置１４であるので、いずれもそもそも偏光を出射する性質を有する。これらの装置から出射する光は、何ら追加的な処理を行なわなくても既に偏光であるので、本発明における第１、第２表示部として用いるのに適している。 In the present embodiment, since the first display unit 3 is the liquid crystal display device 13 and the second display unit 4 is the liquid crystal display device 14, both have the property of emitting polarized light. Since the light emitted from these devices is already polarized without any additional processing, it is suitable for use as the first and second display portions in the present invention.
　図２、図３を参照して、偏光軸の組合せの具体例について説明する。図２、図３においては、互いに直交する２通りの偏光軸を想定する。これらの２通りの偏光軸は、必ずしも紙面に垂直または平行な方向とは限らないが、ここでは説明をわかりやすくするために、２通りの偏光軸は、紙面に垂直な方向の偏光軸と紙面に平行な方向の偏光軸とであるものと仮定する。図２、図３では、これら２通りの偏光軸は２種類の記号によって表示されている。円の中に点を打った記号は、偏光軸が紙面に垂直な方向にあることを意味し、短い両頭矢印の記号は、偏光軸が紙面に平行な方向にあることを意味するものとする。すなわち、これら２種類の記号で表現される偏光軸は、互いに直交する方向の偏光軸である。これら２種類の記号を、以下では「偏光軸記号」と呼ぶものとする。液晶表示装置１３，１４に含まれる各偏光板が有する透過偏光軸および吸収偏光軸は、各偏光板の近傍に偏光軸記号によって表示されている。反射型偏光板１が有する透過偏光軸および反射偏光軸は、反射型偏光板１の近傍に偏光軸記号によって表示されている。図２、図３からは、反射型偏光板１の透過偏光軸すなわち第１偏光軸は紙面に垂直な方向にあり、反射偏光軸すなわち第２偏光軸は紙面に平行な方向にあることがわかる。 Specific examples of combinations of polarization axes will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3, two polarization axes orthogonal to each other are assumed. These two types of polarization axes are not necessarily perpendicular to or parallel to the plane of the paper. However, for the sake of easy understanding, the two polarization axes are the polarization axis in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the paper and the plane of the paper. And the polarization axis in the direction parallel to the. In FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, these two polarization axes are indicated by two types of symbols. A symbol with a dot in a circle means that the polarization axis is in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface, and a short double-headed arrow symbol means that the polarization axis is in a direction parallel to the paper surface. . That is, the polarization axes expressed by these two types of symbols are polarization axes in directions orthogonal to each other. These two types of symbols are hereinafter referred to as “polarization axis symbols”. The transmission polarization axis and the absorption polarization axis of each polarizing plate included in the liquid crystal display devices 13 and 14 are indicated by polarization axis symbols in the vicinity of each polarizing plate. The transmission polarization axis and the reflection polarization axis of the reflective polarizing plate 1 are indicated by polarization axis symbols in the vicinity of the reflective polarizing plate 1. 2 and 3, it is understood that the transmission polarization axis of the reflective polarizing plate 1, that is, the first polarization axis is in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface, and the reflection polarization axis, that is, the second polarization axis is in a direction parallel to the paper surface. .
　さらに進行する途中の光が有する偏光軸は、光路を示す矢印の途中に重ねて偏光軸記号によって表示されている。 Further, the polarization axis of the light traveling further is indicated by the polarization axis symbol in the middle of the arrow indicating the optical path.
　図２では、本実施の形態において、第１表示部３と第２表示部４との両方が明表示状態である例を示している。図３では、本実施の形態において、第１表示部３と第２表示部４との両方が暗表示状態である例を示している。 FIG. 2 shows an example in which both the first display unit 3 and the second display unit 4 are in a bright display state in the present embodiment. FIG. 3 shows an example in which both the first display unit 3 and the second display unit 4 are in the dark display state in the present embodiment.
　第１表示部３である液晶表示装置１３の明表示状態および暗表示状態について説明する。 The bright display state and the dark display state of the liquid crystal display device 13 which is the first display unit 3 will be described.
　液晶表示装置１３の明表示状態では、図２に示すように、液晶表示装置１３のガラス基板３ｅを出射した時点では、光は紙面に垂直な方向の偏光軸を有することとなる。この光は表偏光板３ｆの透過偏光軸と一致しているので、表偏光板３ｆを透過して液晶表示装置１３から出射する。この光は、この偏光軸が維持されたまま、反射型偏光板１に入射することとなる。この光が有する偏光軸は、反射型偏光板１が有する透過偏光軸と一致しているので、この光はそのまま反射型偏光板１を透過して透過結像鏡２へと進行する。 In the bright display state of the liquid crystal display device 13, as shown in FIG. 2, when the light exits the glass substrate 3e of the liquid crystal display device 13, the light has a polarization axis in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface. Since this light coincides with the transmission polarization axis of the front polarizing plate 3 f, the light passes through the front polarizing plate 3 f and is emitted from the liquid crystal display device 13. This light enters the reflective polarizing plate 1 while maintaining the polarization axis. Since the polarization axis of the light coincides with the transmission polarization axis of the reflective polarizing plate 1, the light passes through the reflective polarizing plate 1 as it is and proceeds to the transmissive imaging mirror 2.
　液晶表示装置１３の暗表示状態では、図３に示すように、液晶表示装置１３のガラス基板３ｅを出射した時点では、光は紙面に平行な方向の偏光軸を有することとなる。この光は表偏光板３ｆの吸収偏光軸と一致しているので、表偏光板３ｆで吸収される。この光は液晶表示装置１３から出射しない。したがって、この光は反射型偏光板１に入射せず、透過結像鏡２にも入射しない。よって、液晶表示装置１３が暗表示状態である場合には、液晶表示装置１３のバックライト３ａの光は最終的な空中映像の表示に影響を及ぼさない。 In the dark display state of the liquid crystal display device 13, as shown in FIG. 3, when the light exits the glass substrate 3e of the liquid crystal display device 13, the light has a polarization axis parallel to the paper surface. Since this light coincides with the absorption polarization axis of the front polarizing plate 3f, it is absorbed by the front polarizing plate 3f. This light is not emitted from the liquid crystal display device 13. Therefore, this light does not enter the reflective polarizing plate 1 and does not enter the transmission imaging mirror 2. Therefore, when the liquid crystal display device 13 is in the dark display state, the light of the backlight 3a of the liquid crystal display device 13 does not affect the display of the final aerial image.
　第２表示部４である液晶表示装置１４の明表示状態および暗表示状態について説明する。 The bright display state and the dark display state of the liquid crystal display device 14 which is the second display unit 4 will be described.
　液晶表示装置１４の明表示状態では、図２に示すように、液晶表示装置１４のガラス基板４ｅを出射した時点では、光は紙面に平行な方向の偏光軸を有することとなる。この光は表偏光板４ｆの透過偏光軸と一致しているので、表偏光板４ｆを透過して液晶表示装置１４から出射する。この光は、この偏光軸が維持されたまま、反射型偏光板１に入射することとなる。この光が有する偏光軸は、反射型偏光板１が有する反射偏光軸と一致しているので、この光はそのまま反射型偏光板１で反射して透過結像鏡２へと進行する。 In the bright display state of the liquid crystal display device 14, as shown in FIG. 2, when the light exits the glass substrate 4e of the liquid crystal display device 14, the light has a polarization axis parallel to the paper surface. Since this light coincides with the transmission polarization axis of the front polarizing plate 4f, the light passes through the front polarizing plate 4f and is emitted from the liquid crystal display device 14. This light enters the reflective polarizing plate 1 while maintaining the polarization axis. Since the polarization axis of the light coincides with the reflection polarization axis of the reflective polarizing plate 1, the light is reflected as it is by the reflective polarizing plate 1 and proceeds to the transmission imaging mirror 2.
　液晶表示装置１４の暗表示状態では、図３に示すように、液晶表示装置１４のガラス基板４ｅを出射した時点では、光は紙面に垂直な方向の偏光軸を有することとなる。この光は表偏光板４ｆの吸収偏光軸と一致しているので、表偏光板４ｆで吸収される。この光は液晶表示装置１４から出射しない。したがって、この光は反射型偏光板１に入射せず、透過結像鏡２にも入射しない。よって、液晶表示装置１４が暗表示状態である場合には、液晶表示装置１４のバックライト４ａの光は最終的な空中映像の表示に影響を及ぼさない。 In the dark display state of the liquid crystal display device 14, as shown in FIG. 3, the light has a polarization axis in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface when it exits the glass substrate 4 e of the liquid crystal display device 14. Since this light coincides with the absorption polarization axis of the front polarizing plate 4f, it is absorbed by the front polarizing plate 4f. This light is not emitted from the liquid crystal display device 14. Therefore, this light does not enter the reflective polarizing plate 1 and does not enter the transmission imaging mirror 2. Therefore, when the liquid crystal display device 14 is in the dark display state, the light of the backlight 4a of the liquid crystal display device 14 does not affect the display of the final aerial image.
　液晶表示装置１３，１４の両方が明表示状態である場合には、液晶表示装置１３，１４の各々を出射した光がほぼ吸収されることなく、光軸を一致させて透過結像鏡２に向かって進行することとなる。透過結像鏡２はこれらの２通りの光に基づいて、実施の形態１で示したように２つの空中映像６，７を生成することとなる。 When both of the liquid crystal display devices 13 and 14 are in a bright display state, the light emitted from each of the liquid crystal display devices 13 and 14 is not substantially absorbed, and the optical axes are made to coincide with each other to the transmission imaging mirror 2. It will progress towards. Based on these two types of light, the transmission imaging mirror 2 generates two aerial images 6 and 7 as shown in the first embodiment.
　図２、図３では、液晶表示装置１３，１４の両方が明表示状態の場合と両方が暗表示状態の場合とについて示しているが、液晶表示装置１３，１４の両方の状態は一致しているとは限らない。液晶表示装置１３，１４のうち一方が明表示状態で他方が暗表示状態であることもありうる。その場合は、図２、図３の中から該当する部分を抽出して組み合わせて考えることができる。したがって、透過結像鏡２が生成する空中映像６，７は基本的には２つが同時に表示されると考えられるが、一方の表示部を完全に暗表示状態とすることによって、１つの空中映像のみを表示することもできる。 FIGS. 2 and 3 show the case where both the liquid crystal display devices 13 and 14 are in the bright display state and the case where both the liquid crystal display devices 13 and 14 are in the dark display state. Not necessarily. It is possible that one of the liquid crystal display devices 13 and 14 is in a bright display state and the other is in a dark display state. In that case, the corresponding portions can be extracted from FIGS. 2 and 3 and combined. Therefore, it is considered that two aerial images 6 and 7 generated by the transmission imaging mirror 2 are basically displayed at the same time, but one aerial image can be obtained by completely darkening one of the display units. It is also possible to display only.
　図１では、空中映像６，７の生成位置が異なる例を示したが、２つの空中映像の位置は異なるとは限らず、同一の位置に２つの空中映像を生成することとしてもよい。しかし、異なる位置に生成することとすれば、観察者にとっては、視界の中の異なる距離の位置にそれぞれ映像を見ることができるので、遠近感のある映像とすることができ、好ましい。 FIG. 1 shows an example in which the generation positions of the aerial videos 6 and 7 are different. However, the positions of the two aerial videos are not necessarily different, and two aerial videos may be generated at the same position. However, if the images are generated at different positions, it is preferable for the observer because the images can be viewed at different distance positions in the field of view, so that images with a sense of perspective can be obtained.
　よって、本発明に基づく映像表示装置の好ましい形態を図１に沿って述べれば、反射型偏光板１と第１表示部３との間の距離Ｌ１と、反射型偏光板１と第２表示部４との間の距離Ｌ２とが異なることが好ましい。このように距離Ｌ１とＬ２とを異ならせておけば、Ｌ５≠０となり、空中映像６，７は異なる位置に生成され、その結果、観察者に遠近感のある映像を提供することができるからである。 Therefore, a preferred embodiment of the video display device according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 1. The distance L1 between the reflective polarizing plate 1 and the first display unit 3, the reflective polarizing plate 1 and the second display unit. 4 is preferably different from the distance L2. If the distances L1 and L2 are made different from each other in this way, L5 ≠ 0, and the aerial images 6 and 7 are generated at different positions. As a result, it is possible to provide a viewer with a perspective image. It is.
　（使用例１）
　ここで、上記各実施の形態における映像表示装置の第１の使用例を示す。図４に示すように背景３２を第１表示部３で表示し、図５に示すように人物３１を第２表示部４で表示することとする。このとき、観察者１００には、図６に示すように人物３１と背景３２とが組み合わさった映像が見える。しかも、人物３１と背景３２との生成位置を違えておくことによって、図７に示すように、背景３２に比べて人物３１が手前にあるように見え、立体的な映像とすることができる。なお、図４に示すように、第１表示部３で表示される背景３２の映像において、人物３１と重なる領域３５は何も表示せず暗状態としておくことが好ましい。 (Usage example 1)
Here, a first usage example of the video display device in each of the above embodiments will be described. The background 32 is displayed on the first display unit 3 as shown in FIG. 4, and the person 31 is displayed on the second display unit 4 as shown in FIG. At this time, the viewer 100 sees an image in which the person 31 and the background 32 are combined as shown in FIG. In addition, by making the generation positions of the person 31 and the background 32 different, as shown in FIG. 7, the person 31 appears to be in front of the background 32, and a three-dimensional image can be obtained. As shown in FIG. 4, in the video of the background 32 displayed on the first display unit 3, it is preferable that the area 35 overlapping the person 31 is not displayed and is in a dark state.
　（使用例２）
　上記各実施の形態における映像表示装置の第２の使用例を示す。第２の使用例としては、車載用の情報提供装置にこの映像表示装置が用いられることが想定される。平常時には、第１表示部３では、図８に示すように道案内などの通常情報３３を表示しており、第２表示部４は図９に示すように完全な暗表示状態となっている。その結果、観察者１００には、図１０、図１１に示すように、通常情報３３だけが見える。 (Usage example 2)
The 2nd usage example of the video display apparatus in each said embodiment is shown. As a second usage example, it is assumed that this video display device is used in an in-vehicle information providing device. In normal times, the first display unit 3 displays normal information 33 such as route guidance as shown in FIG. 8, and the second display unit 4 is in a completely dark display state as shown in FIG. . As a result, only the normal information 33 is visible to the observer 100 as shown in FIGS.
　しかし、緊急事態が発生した場合、第１表示部３を図１２に示すように完全な暗表示状態に切り替え、同時に、第２表示部４には図１３に示すように注意喚起情報３４を表示する。こうすることによって、観察者にとっては、図１４、図１５に示すように注意喚起情報３４のみが見えることとなる。しかも図１１と図１５とを対比すれば明らかなように、注意喚起情報３４はそれまで通常情報３３が表示されていた位置よりも手前に出現するので、観察者１００にとっては、あたかも画面が手前に飛び出してきたかのような感覚を与えることができる。したがって、従来の表示装置に比べて観察者１００の注意をより確実にひきつけることができる。 However, when an emergency occurs, the first display unit 3 is switched to the complete dark display state as shown in FIG. 12, and at the same time, the alert information 34 is displayed on the second display unit 4 as shown in FIG. To do. By doing so, only the alert information 34 is visible to the observer as shown in FIGS. 14 and 15. Moreover, as is clear from a comparison between FIG. 11 and FIG. 15, the alert information 34 appears before the position where the normal information 33 has been displayed so far. You can give a feeling as if you were jumping out. Therefore, it is possible to attract the viewer's attention more reliably than the conventional display device.
　（実施の形態３）
　実施の形態２では、第１表示部３、第２表示部４が液晶表示装置１３，１４である例を示した。液晶表示装置１３，１４は、単独で取り出しても映像を観察可能なものである。すなわち、これらの液晶表示装置１３，１４は、ガラス基板の両面に偏光板を備える構造のものであった。しかし、本発明においては、第１表示部３、第２表示部４は、反射型偏光板１に光を入射させるのであるから、光の偏光軸を適切に組み合わせることとすれば、ガラス基板の出射側の面に重ねられていた偏光板が果たすべき役割を反射型偏光板１に担わせることが可能であり、ガラス基板の出射側の面に重ねられていた偏光板を省略することができる。 (Embodiment 3)
In the second embodiment, the example in which the first display unit 3 and the second display unit 4 are the liquid crystal display devices 13 and 14 has been described. The liquid crystal display devices 13 and 14 are capable of observing images even when taken out independently. That is, these liquid crystal display devices 13 and 14 have a structure in which polarizing plates are provided on both surfaces of a glass substrate. However, in the present invention, since the first display unit 3 and the second display unit 4 cause light to enter the reflective polarizing plate 1, if the light polarization axes are appropriately combined, It is possible to make the reflection type polarizing plate 1 play the role that the polarizing plate stacked on the exit side surface should play, and the polarizing plate stacked on the exit side surface of the glass substrate can be omitted. .
　図１６、図１７を参照して、本発明に基づく実施の形態３における映像表示装置１０３について説明する。本実施の形態における映像表示装置１０３においては、第１表示部３、第２表示部４がそれぞれ液晶表示装置２３，２４である。本実施の形態では、第１表示部３の液晶層３ｄから出射した光は、偏光板を透過することなく第１表示部３から出射する。図１６に示すように、第１表示部３である液晶表示装置２３は、バックライト３ａと、裏偏光板３ｂと、ガラス基板３ｃと、液晶層３ｄと、ガラス基板３ｅとの組合せを含んでいる。液晶セル内の液晶層３ｄに電圧を印加するために電源３ｇが接続されている点は、実施の形態２で説明したのと同様であるが、ガラス基板３ｅの出射側には偏光板は配置されていない。 With reference to FIG. 16 and FIG. 17, the video display apparatus 103 in Embodiment 3 based on this invention is demonstrated. In the video display device 103 according to the present embodiment, the first display unit 3 and the second display unit 4 are the liquid crystal display devices 23 and 24, respectively. In the present embodiment, the light emitted from the liquid crystal layer 3d of the first display unit 3 is emitted from the first display unit 3 without passing through the polarizing plate. As shown in FIG. 16, the liquid crystal display device 23 that is the first display unit 3 includes a combination of a backlight 3a, a back polarizing plate 3b, a glass substrate 3c, a liquid crystal layer 3d, and a glass substrate 3e. Yes. The point that the power source 3g is connected to apply a voltage to the liquid crystal layer 3d in the liquid crystal cell is the same as that described in the second embodiment, but a polarizing plate is arranged on the emission side of the glass substrate 3e. It has not been.
　さらに好ましいことに、第２表示部４の液晶層４ｄから出射した光は、偏光板を透過することなく第２表示部４から出射する。図１６に示すように、第２表示部４である液晶表示装置２４は、バックライト４ａと、裏偏光板４ｂと、ガラス基板４ｃと、液晶層４ｄと、ガラス基板４ｅとの組合せを含んでいる。液晶セル内の液晶層４ｄに電圧を印加するために電源４ｇが接続されている点は、実施の形態２で説明したのと同様であるが、ガラス基板４ｅの出射側には偏光板は配置されていない。 More preferably, the light emitted from the liquid crystal layer 4d of the second display unit 4 is emitted from the second display unit 4 without passing through the polarizing plate. As shown in FIG. 16, the liquid crystal display device 24 that is the second display unit 4 includes a combination of a backlight 4a, a back polarizing plate 4b, a glass substrate 4c, a liquid crystal layer 4d, and a glass substrate 4e. Yes. The point that the power source 4g is connected to apply a voltage to the liquid crystal layer 4d in the liquid crystal cell is the same as that described in the second embodiment, but a polarizing plate is arranged on the emission side of the glass substrate 4e. It has not been.
　従来の液晶表示装置のガラス基板の出射側の面に重ねられていた偏光板は、当該偏光板自体が有する偏光軸と、液晶層を透過してきた光が有する偏光軸との組合せによって、透過と吸収とのいずれかを選択する役割を担っていたが、本実施の形態では、反射型偏光板１が偏光軸によって透過と反射とのいずれかを選択する機能を有するので、ガラス基板の出射側の面に重ねられていた偏光板の役割を、反射型偏光板１に担わせることができる。 A polarizing plate overlaid on the exit side surface of a glass substrate of a conventional liquid crystal display device is transmitted and transmitted by a combination of the polarizing axis of the polarizing plate itself and the polarizing axis of the light transmitted through the liquid crystal layer. In this embodiment, the reflection type polarizing plate 1 has a function of selecting either transmission or reflection according to the polarization axis, so that the emission side of the glass substrate is used. The reflective polarizing plate 1 can be made to play the role of the polarizing plate superimposed on the surface.
　本実施の形態では、第１表示部３と第２表示部４との両方が出射側の面にそれぞれ偏光板を有しない液晶表示装置であるものとしたが、いずれか一方だけがそのような液晶表示装置であってもよい。第１表示部３と第２表示部４との両方が出射側面に偏光板を有しない液晶表示装置であることがより好ましい。なぜなら、偏光板が不要となれば液晶表示装置の部品点数を減らすことができるからである。 In the present embodiment, it is assumed that both the first display unit 3 and the second display unit 4 are liquid crystal display devices each having no polarizing plate on the exit side surface, but only one of them is such a liquid crystal display device. It may be a liquid crystal display device. It is more preferable that both the first display unit 3 and the second display unit 4 are liquid crystal display devices having no polarizing plate on the emission side surface. This is because the number of parts of the liquid crystal display device can be reduced if the polarizing plate is not necessary.
　図１６では、本実施の形態において、第１表示部３と第２表示部４との両方の表示内容が明表示させるべき内容である例を示している。図１７では、本実施の形態において、第１表示部３と第２表示部４との両方の表示内容が暗表示させるべき内容である例を示している。本実施の形態では、液晶表示装置２３には出射側の偏光板が備わっていないので、最終的に明表示させる場合、暗表示させる場合のいずれも出射光の偏光軸が切り替わるのみであって、液晶表示装置２３からは２通りのいずれかの偏光軸の光が出射していることに変わりない。人間の肉眼では偏光軸の違いは一見して区別できないので、仮に動作中の液晶表示装置２３を直接目視した場合、いずれの場合も光が出ているように見える。したがって、最終的に液晶表示装置２３の表示内容が最終的な暗表示を意図している場合も、液晶表示装置２３単独で暗表示に見えるわけではない。そこで、ここでは、表示内容を最終的に明表示とすべきときの液晶表示装置の状態を、実際に当該液晶表示装置から光を発しているか否かを問わず当該液晶表示装置の「明表示状態」と呼ぶものとする。同様に、表示内容を最終的に暗表示とすべきときの液晶表示装置の状態を、実際に光を発しているか否かを問わず当該液晶表示装置の「暗表示状態」と呼ぶものとする。 FIG. 16 shows an example in which the display contents of both the first display unit 3 and the second display unit 4 are to be displayed brightly in the present embodiment. FIG. 17 shows an example in which the display contents of both the first display unit 3 and the second display unit 4 are to be darkly displayed in the present embodiment. In the present embodiment, since the liquid crystal display device 23 is not provided with an output-side polarizing plate, the polarization axis of the emitted light is only switched in both cases of finally displaying brightly and darkly displaying, From the liquid crystal display device 23, the light of any one of the two polarization axes is emitted. Since the difference between the polarization axes cannot be distinguished at first glance by the human naked eye, if the liquid crystal display device 23 in operation is directly observed, light appears to be emitted in either case. Therefore, even when the display content of the liquid crystal display device 23 is finally intended for the final dark display, the liquid crystal display device 23 alone does not appear to be a dark display. Therefore, here, the state of the liquid crystal display device when the display content should finally be brightly displayed is the “bright display” of the liquid crystal display device regardless of whether or not light is actually emitted from the liquid crystal display device. It shall be called “state”. Similarly, the state of the liquid crystal display device when the display content is to be finally dark displayed is referred to as the “dark display state” of the liquid crystal display device regardless of whether light is actually emitted. .
　第１表示部３である液晶表示装置２３の表示内容の明表示状態および暗表示状態について説明する。 The bright display state and the dark display state of the display content of the liquid crystal display device 23 which is the first display unit 3 will be described.
　液晶表示装置２３の明表示状態では、図１６の左半分に示すように、バックライト３ａから出射した光がまず裏偏光板３ｂに入射する。入射した光はさまざまな成分を含んでいるが、紙面に平行な偏光軸を有する成分だけが裏偏光板３ｂを透過する。ここでは一例として、液晶層３ｄにはＴＮ（Twisted　Nematic）液晶が用いられているものとし、電圧がオフ状態であるものとする。裏偏光板３ｂを透過してきた光が液晶層３ｄを透過することによって、光は紙面に垂直な方向の偏光軸を有する状態に変化する。この状態で、光は第１表示部３から出射し、反射型偏光板１に向かう。反射型偏光板１の透過偏光軸すなわち第１偏光軸は、紙面に垂直な方向であるので、第１表示部３から到達した光はそのまま反射型偏光板１を透過し、透過結像鏡２に向かう。こうして、第１表示部３に関しては最終的な明表示が実現される。 In the bright display state of the liquid crystal display device 23, as shown in the left half of FIG. 16, light emitted from the backlight 3a first enters the back polarizing plate 3b. The incident light includes various components, but only the component having a polarization axis parallel to the paper surface is transmitted through the back polarizing plate 3b. Here, as an example, it is assumed that a TN (Twisted Nematic) liquid crystal is used for the liquid crystal layer 3d and the voltage is in an off state. When the light transmitted through the back polarizing plate 3b transmits through the liquid crystal layer 3d, the light changes to a state having a polarization axis in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface. In this state, light is emitted from the first display unit 3 and travels toward the reflective polarizing plate 1. Since the transmission polarization axis of the reflection type polarizing plate 1, that is, the first polarization axis is a direction perpendicular to the paper surface, the light that has arrived from the first display unit 3 passes through the reflection type polarization plate 1 as it is, and the transmission imaging mirror 2. Head for. Thus, the final bright display is realized with respect to the first display unit 3.
　液晶表示装置２３の暗表示状態では、図１７の左半分に示すようになる。バックライト３ａから出射した光が裏偏光板３ｂを透過して紙面に平行な偏光軸を有する光となって液晶層３ｄに入射するという点は図１６に示したのと同様である。液晶層３ｄの電圧がオン状態であるものとする。裏偏光板３ｂを透過してきた光は、液晶層３ｄを透過する際に偏光軸を変化させない。この光は、紙面に平行な偏光軸を有する状態を維持したまま第１表示部３から出射し、反射型偏光板１に向かう。反射型偏光板１の反射偏光軸すなわち第２偏光軸は、紙面に平行な方向であるので、第１表示部３から到達した光は反射型偏光板１によって反射される。この光は透過結像鏡２には向かわないので、第１表示部３に関しては最終的に暗表示となる。反射型偏光板１で反射された光は透過結像鏡２に向かわないので、最終的な空中映像の表示に影響を及ぼさない。 In the dark display state of the liquid crystal display device 23, it is as shown in the left half of FIG. The light emitted from the backlight 3a passes through the back polarizing plate 3b and becomes light having a polarization axis parallel to the paper surface, and is incident on the liquid crystal layer 3d as in FIG. It is assumed that the voltage of the liquid crystal layer 3d is on. The light transmitted through the back polarizing plate 3b does not change the polarization axis when transmitted through the liquid crystal layer 3d. This light exits from the first display unit 3 while maintaining a state having a polarization axis parallel to the paper surface, and travels toward the reflective polarizing plate 1. Since the reflection polarization axis of the reflection type polarizing plate 1, that is, the second polarization axis is a direction parallel to the paper surface, the light reaching from the first display unit 3 is reflected by the reflection type polarizing plate 1. Since this light does not go to the transmissive imaging mirror 2, the first display unit 3 is finally darkly displayed. Since the light reflected by the reflective polarizing plate 1 does not go to the transmissive imaging mirror 2, it does not affect the final aerial image display.
　第２表示部４である液晶表示装置２４の明表示状態および暗表示状態について説明する。 The bright display state and the dark display state of the liquid crystal display device 24 which is the second display unit 4 will be described.
　液晶表示装置２４の明表示状態では、図１６の右半分に示すように、バックライト４ａから出射した光がまず裏偏光板４ｂに入射する。入射した光はさまざまな成分を含んでいるが、紙面に垂直な偏光軸を有する成分だけが裏偏光板４ｂを透過する。ここでは液晶層３ｄと同様に液晶層４ｄにもＴＮ液晶が用いられているものとし、明表示状態では電圧がオフ状態であるものとする。裏偏光板４ｂを透過してきた光が液晶層４ｄを透過することによって、光は紙面に平行な方向の偏光軸を有する状態に変化する。この状態で、光は第１表示部４から出射し、反射型偏光板１に向かう。反射型偏光板１の反射偏光軸すなわち第２偏光軸は、紙面に平行な方向であるので、第２表示部４から到達した光は反射型偏光板１で反射し、透過結像鏡２に向かう。こうして、第２表示部４に関しては最終的な明表示が実現される。 In the bright display state of the liquid crystal display device 24, as shown in the right half of FIG. 16, light emitted from the backlight 4a first enters the back polarizing plate 4b. The incident light includes various components, but only the component having a polarization axis perpendicular to the paper surface is transmitted through the back polarizing plate 4b. Here, it is assumed that TN liquid crystal is used for the liquid crystal layer 4d as well as the liquid crystal layer 3d, and that the voltage is off in the bright display state. When the light transmitted through the back polarizing plate 4b is transmitted through the liquid crystal layer 4d, the light changes to a state having a polarization axis in a direction parallel to the paper surface. In this state, light is emitted from the first display unit 4 and travels toward the reflective polarizing plate 1. Since the reflection polarization axis of the reflective polarizing plate 1, that is, the second polarization axis, is parallel to the paper surface, the light reaching from the second display unit 4 is reflected by the reflective polarizing plate 1 and is transmitted to the transmission imaging mirror 2. Head. Thus, the final bright display is realized for the second display unit 4.
　液晶表示装置２４の暗表示状態では、図１７の右半分に示すようになる。バックライト４ａから出射した光が裏偏光板４ｂを透過して紙面に垂直な偏光軸を有する光となって液晶層４ｄに入射するという点は図１６に示したのと同様である。暗表示状態では液晶層４ｄの電圧がオン状態であるものとする。裏偏光板４ｂを透過してきた光は、液晶層４ｄを透過する際に偏光軸を変化させない。この光は、紙面に垂直な偏光軸を有する状態を維持したまま第１表示部４から出射し、反射型偏光板１に向かう。反射型偏光板１の透過偏光軸すなわち第１偏光軸は、紙面に垂直な方向であるので、第２表示部４から到達した光は反射型偏光板１を透過する。この光は透過結像鏡２には向かわないので、第２表示部４に関しては最終的に暗表示となる。反射型偏光板１を透過した光は透過結像鏡２に向かわないので、最終的な空中映像の表示に影響を及ぼさない。 In the dark display state of the liquid crystal display device 24, as shown in the right half of FIG. The light emitted from the backlight 4a is transmitted through the back polarizing plate 4b and becomes light having a polarization axis perpendicular to the paper surface, and is incident on the liquid crystal layer 4d, as shown in FIG. In the dark display state, the voltage of the liquid crystal layer 4d is assumed to be on. The light transmitted through the back polarizing plate 4b does not change the polarization axis when transmitted through the liquid crystal layer 4d. This light exits from the first display unit 4 while maintaining a state having a polarization axis perpendicular to the paper surface, and travels toward the reflective polarizing plate 1. Since the transmission polarization axis of the reflection type polarizing plate 1, that is, the first polarization axis is a direction perpendicular to the paper surface, the light reaching from the second display unit 4 is transmitted through the reflection type polarizing plate 1. Since this light does not go to the transmission imaging mirror 2, the second display unit 4 is finally darkly displayed. Since the light transmitted through the reflective polarizing plate 1 does not go to the transmissive imaging mirror 2, it does not affect the final display of the aerial image.
　実施の形態１，２では、暗表示状態の表示部からは光の出射自体がなくなるが、実施の形態３では、暗表示状態の表示部からも光は出射しており、この光が反射型偏光板１での反射または透過によって透過結像鏡２とは異なる側に進行させられるに過ぎないので、その後にその光が何らかの部材に反射して透過結像鏡２に向かうことがないように、構造設計時には配慮することが望ましい。 In the first and second embodiments, light is not emitted from the dark display state display unit. However, in the third embodiment, light is also emitted from the dark display state display unit, and this light is reflected. Since the light is only propagated to a different side from the transmissive imaging mirror 2 by reflection or transmission at the polarizing plate 1, the light is not reflected by any member and directed to the transmissive imaging mirror 2. It is desirable to consider when designing the structure.
　なお、上記各実施の形態における明表示状態、暗表示状態の説明では、第１表示部および第２表示部としての各液晶表示装置の映像全体の明暗について説明してきたが、液晶表示装置の映像全体の明暗だけでなく当該液晶表示装置の中で表示される各画素ごとの明暗についても、同様に、第１表示部としての液晶表示装置における当該画素の明暗と、第２表示部としての液晶表示装置における当該画素の明暗との間の組合せとして考えることができる。 In the description of the bright display state and the dark display state in each of the above embodiments, the brightness and darkness of the entire image of each liquid crystal display device as the first display unit and the second display unit has been described. Similarly, not only the overall brightness but also the brightness of each pixel displayed in the liquid crystal display device, the brightness of the pixel in the liquid crystal display device as the first display unit and the liquid crystal as the second display unit It can be considered as a combination between brightness and darkness of the pixel in the display device.
　なお、上記各実施の形態で説明に用いた図２、図３、図１６、図１７は、反射型偏光板の第１偏光軸が紙面に垂直な方向であって、第２偏光軸が紙面に平行な方向である例を示したが、偏光軸の方向はこれに限らない。反射型偏光板の第１偏光軸、第２偏光軸が他の方向である場合、第１表示部および第２表示部から出射する光の偏光軸を適宜調整すればよい。 2, 3, 16, and 17 used in the description of each of the above embodiments, the first polarization axis of the reflective polarizing plate is a direction perpendicular to the paper surface, and the second polarization axis is the paper surface. However, the direction of the polarization axis is not limited to this. When the first polarization axis and the second polarization axis of the reflective polarizing plate are in other directions, the polarization axes of light emitted from the first display unit and the second display unit may be adjusted as appropriate.
　なお、今回開示した上記実施の形態はすべての点で例示であって制限的なものではない。本発明の範囲は上記した説明ではなくて請求の範囲によって示され、請求の範囲と均等の意味および範囲内でのすべての変更を含むものである。 It should be noted that the above-described embodiment disclosed herein is illustrative and non-restrictive in every respect. The scope of the present invention is defined by the terms of the claims, rather than the description above, and is intended to include any modifications within the scope and meaning equivalent to the terms of the claims.
　本発明は、空中に映像を表示するための映像表示装置に利用することができる。 The present invention can be used for an image display device for displaying an image in the air.
　１　反射型偏光板、２，９０２　透過結像鏡、２ａ　第１主表面、２ｂ　第２主表面、３　第１表示部、３ａ，４ａ　バックライト、３ｂ，４ｂ　裏偏光板、３ｃ，４ｃ，３ｅ，４ｅ　ガラス基板、３ｄ，４ｄ　液晶層、３ｆ，４ｆ　表偏光板、３ｇ，４ｇ　電源、４　第２表示部、６，７　空中映像、１３，１４，２３，２４　液晶表示装置、３１　人物、３２　背景、３３　通常情報、３４　注意喚起情報、１００　観察者、１０１，１０２，１０３　映像表示装置、９０３，９０４　表示部、９０５　ハーフミラー、９０６，９０７　空中映像。 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Reflective polarizing plate, 2,902 Transmission imaging mirror, 2a 1st main surface, 2b 2nd main surface, 3rd display part, 3a, 4a backlight, 3b, 4b back polarizing plate, 3c, 4c, 3e , 4e glass substrate, 3d, 4d liquid crystal layer, 3f, 4f front polarizing plate, 3g, 4g power supply, 4 second display unit, 6, 7 aerial video, 13, 14, 23, 24 liquid crystal display device, 31 person, 32 Background, 33 normal information, 34 alerting information, 100 observers, 101, 102, 103 video display device, 903, 904 display unit, 905 half mirror, 906, 907 aerial video.

Claims (6)

  1. 　第１偏光軸において透過し、第２偏光軸において反射する性質を有する反射型偏光板（１）と、
    　前記反射型偏光板の前記第１偏光軸と同方向の偏光軸を有する光で映像を前記反射型偏光板に向けて出射する第１表示部（３）と、
    　前記反射型偏光板の前記第２偏光軸と同方向の偏光軸を有する光で映像を前記反射型偏光板に向けて出射する第２表示部（４）と、
    　互いに対向する第１主表面（２ａ）および第２主表面（２ｂ）を有し、前記第１主表面の側から入射した光を元に前記第２主表面の側から視認可能な空中映像（６，７）を前記第２主表面の側の外部に生成することができる透過結像鏡（２）とを備え、
    　前記第１表示部、前記第２表示部および前記透過結像鏡は、前記第１表示部から発せられて前記反射型偏光板を透過した映像の光軸と前記第２表示部から発せられて前記反射型偏光板で反射された映像の光軸とが一致した状態で、前記透過結像鏡の前記第１主表面に入射するような位置関係で配置されている、映像表示装置。     A reflective polarizing plate (1) having the property of transmitting on the first polarization axis and reflecting on the second polarization axis;
    A first display unit (3) for emitting an image toward the reflective polarizing plate with light having a polarization axis in the same direction as the first polarizing axis of the reflective polarizing plate;
    A second display unit (4) for emitting an image toward the reflective polarizing plate with light having a polarization axis in the same direction as the second polarizing axis of the reflective polarizing plate;
    An aerial image having a first main surface (2a) and a second main surface (2b) facing each other and visible from the second main surface side based on light incident from the first main surface side ( 6 and 7), and a transmission imaging mirror (2) capable of generating outside the second main surface side,
    The first display unit, the second display unit, and the transmission imaging mirror are emitted from the first display unit and emitted from the second display unit and an optical axis of an image transmitted through the reflective polarizing plate. An image display device arranged in a positional relationship so as to be incident on the first main surface of the transmissive imaging mirror in a state where the optical axis of the image reflected by the reflective polarizing plate coincides.
  2. 　前記第１表示部は、液晶層（３ｄ）を有する液晶表示装置（１３，２３）である、請求項１に記載の映像表示装置。 The video display device according to claim 1, wherein the first display unit is a liquid crystal display device (13, 23) having a liquid crystal layer (3d).
  3. 　前記第１表示部の前記液晶層から出射した光は、偏光板を透過することなく前記第１表示部から出射する、請求項２に記載の映像表示装置。 The video display device according to claim 2, wherein the light emitted from the liquid crystal layer of the first display unit is emitted from the first display unit without passing through the polarizing plate.
  4. 　前記第２表示部は、液晶層（４ｄ）を有する液晶表示装置である、請求項１から３のいずれかに記載の映像表示装置。 The video display device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the second display unit is a liquid crystal display device having a liquid crystal layer (4d).
  5. 　前記第２表示部の前記液晶層から出射した光は、偏光板を透過することなく前記第２表示部から出射する、請求項４に記載の映像表示装置。 The image display device according to claim 4, wherein the light emitted from the liquid crystal layer of the second display unit is emitted from the second display unit without passing through the polarizing plate.
  6. 　前記反射型偏光板と前記第１表示部との間の距離と、前記反射型偏光板と前記第２表示部との間の距離とが異なる、請求項１から５のいずれかに記載の映像表示装置。 6. The video according to claim 1, wherein a distance between the reflective polarizing plate and the first display unit is different from a distance between the reflective polarizing plate and the second display unit. Display device.
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