WO2012017760A1

WO2012017760A1 - Scroll-type fluid machine

Info

Publication number: WO2012017760A1
Application number: PCT/JP2011/065032
Authority: WO
Inventors: 平渡末二; 井尻誠; 工藤孝行
Original assignee: サンデン株式会社
Priority date: 2010-08-02
Filing date: 2011-06-30
Publication date: 2012-02-09
Also published as: CN103052803A; JP2012031816A; US20130129550A1

Abstract

A scroll-type fluid machine in which: a fixed spiral body and a moveable spiral body are disposed in a housing; a fluid pocket, the volume of which varies, is formed between the fixed spiral body and the moveable spiral body; and a thrust plate for receiving the reaction force in the axial direction of pressure applied within the fluid pocket is disposed between the bottom plate of the moveable spiral body and the housing. The scroll-type fluid machine is characterized in that at least the surface of the thrust plate facing the bottom plate of the moveable spiral body is subjected to tin plating. As a consequence, it is possible to efficiently produce, at a low cost, a thrust bearing which is disposed between the bottom plate of the moveable spiral body and the housing, exerts excellent seizure resistance, and has a high limit PV value and a low friction coefficient.

Description

Scroll type fluid machinery

The present invention relates to a scroll type fluid machine, and more particularly, to an improvement in a thrust bearing portion interposed between a bottom plate of a movable spiral body and a housing.

In a scroll type fluid machine such as a scroll type compressor or a scroll type expander, there is usually a fixed spiral body between the bottom plate of the movable spiral body that revolves in a state in which rotation with respect to the fixed spiral body is prevented and the housing. And a thrust bearing member for receiving an axial reaction force (compression reaction force in the case of a compressor) in the fluid pocket formed by the movable spiral body is often provided. The thrust plate is composed of an annular plate member. The thrust plate and the bottom plate portion of the movable spiral body are required to have a high limit PV value and a low friction coefficient that can prevent excellent seizure resistance and adhesion between the two members.

In response to such demands, Patent Document 1 uses a steel thrust bearing that supports a thrust load between the movable spiral member and the front housing, with the aim of improving wear resistance and seizure resistance. A structure in which a tin plate treatment is applied to the surface of the bottom plate on the movable spiral body side is disclosed. Patent Document 2 discloses a structure in which a coating film of a solid lubricant is formed on one or both of the outer surface of the end plate of the movable spiral body and / or the sliding surface of the thrust bearing that slides therewith. Yes.

JP-A-8-247052 JP-A-8-061256

However, in the structure disclosed in Patent Document 1, tin plating is applied to a specific portion of the movable spiral body having a complicated shape, so that masking is necessary or the number that can be put in the plating tank is small. There is a problem that productivity is bad and cost is high.

Further, in the structure disclosed in Patent Document 2, there is a problem that the cost of the solid lubricant coating film to be formed is high and a sufficiently high seizure load cannot be obtained because the adhesion of the coating film is low. is there. In order to improve the adhesion, there is a method of performing chemical treatment (for example, chemical conversion treatment) or physical treatment (for example, shot blasting) between the thrust plate substrate and the coating film. Both incur high costs.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a scroll capable of realizing excellent seizure resistance, a high limit PV value and a low coefficient of friction at a low cost and good productivity in a thrust bearing portion between a bottom plate of a movable spiral body and a housing. It is to provide a structure of a mold fluid machine.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, a scroll type fluid machine according to the present invention is provided with a fixed spiral body and a movable spiral body that revolves in a state in which rotation is prevented with respect to the fixed spiral body. A thrust plate that forms a fluid pocket whose volume is changed between the body and the movable spiral body and that receives an axial reaction force of the pressure applied in the fluid pocket between the bottom plate of the movable spiral body and the housing. The scroll type fluid machine provided is characterized in that at least a surface of the thrust plate facing the bottom plate of the movable spiral body is subjected to tin plating. Here, the tin-based plating is a concept including not only tin plating but also tin alloy plating.

In such a scroll type fluid machine according to the present invention, since a tin plate is applied to a flat plate-shaped thrust plate having an extremely simple shape, masking at the time of plating is unnecessary, or when masking is performed. However, it is very simple, and it is possible to perform predetermined plating at a low cost. In addition, the thrust plate is simpler and smaller in size than the movable spiral body, so it can be put in a large number in the plating tank, and it has good operability and productivity. Predetermined plating can be performed. Furthermore, compared with a solid lubricant coating film, a plating layer with high adhesion can be realized at low cost. And, by applying tin plating to the thrust plate, it is possible to ensure good slidability with the bottom plate surface of the opposed movable vortex body, and improve the conformability of the sliding surface to improve the slidability and the thrust plate. It is possible to prevent the occurrence of defects such as adhesion. As a result, the seizure resistance of this portion is greatly improved, a high limit PV value and a low friction coefficient are obtained, and the durability is greatly improved.

Further, in the present invention, for example, an iron steel plate or a casting, or a light metal can be used as the base material of the thrust plate. As the light metal, for example, aluminum, an aluminum alloy, a magnesium alloy, a titanium alloy, or the like can be used. Cost reduction and productivity improvement can be achieved with iron-based steel plates or castings, and light metal can contribute to weight reduction of fluid machinery.

In addition, the above-mentioned thrust plate may be provided with a base layer of the above tin-based plating. By providing the base layer, it is possible to further improve the adhesion of the tin-based plating layer. As a plating base layer, for example, a nickel plating layer or a copper plating layer can be used.

In addition, a preferable surface form exists on the ground surface (surface before plating) of the tin-based plating in the thrust plate. That is, with the parameters specified in JIS B0601 (corresponding international standard: ISO 4287) concerning the surface roughness, the skewness Rsk defined by Equation 1 is −0.05 or less and the kurtosis Rku defined by Equation 2 is It is preferably +2.5 or more. More preferably, the skewness Rsk is −0.1 or less, and the kurtosis Rku is +3.0 or more. By satisfying such a range of skewness Rsk and kurtosis Rku, it is possible to achieve both a desired high limit PV value and a low coefficient of friction. A more detailed description of desirable ranges of skewness Rsk and kurtosis Rku will be described later. As a surface processing method for satisfying such a specific surface form range, for example, the following method can be employed. The base material of the thrust plate is cut with a lathe or the like, and then subjected to finish grinding to obtain a predetermined surface roughness shape. In actual processing, in order to obtain a surface roughness shape, it is preferable to perform barrel polishing finishing by barrel polishing after grinding. By this barrel polishing finish, a surface having a predetermined surface roughness can be easily formed.

The thickness of the tin-based plating is preferably in the range of 1 to 15 μm. More preferably, it is in the range of 2 to 12 μm, and further preferably in the range of 3 to 10 μm. By setting the thickness within such a range, even if the tin plating peeling on the surface of the thrust plate proceeds, the tin plating component filled in the troughs on the surface of the plate plays a role of supplementing the conformability of the surface. When the thickness of the tin plating is less than 1 μm, the valley grooves on the surface of the base material are not sufficiently filled with the tin plating, and it may be difficult to ensure surface conformability, and the lubricity may be lowered. On the other hand, if the thickness of the tin plating exceeds 15 μm, the lubricity can be secured, but the dimensional change due to the disappearance of the tin plating becomes large. For example, the axial dimensional change of the compressor becomes large, and the desired functionality of the compressor May not be secured.

In the present invention, the plating method itself is not particularly limited, and for example, electroplating or electroless plating can be employed. In the plating process, masking can be performed as necessary. Conversely, in order to simplify the preparation operation, it is possible to adopt a form in which the above tin-based plating is applied to the entire surface of the thrust plate. is there.

Further, the shape of the entire thrust plate can be formed as a single flat plate-like plate member, or formed into a structure divided in the circumferential direction (for example, a structure divided into two semi-annular shapes). You can also What is necessary is just to select suitably considering assembly property etc.

The structure of the scroll type fluid machine according to the present invention can be applied to both a scroll type compressor and a scroll type expander. In particular, the present invention is suitable for a fluid machine for a vehicle, which has a strong demand for improving durability and extending its service life, particularly a scroll compressor for a vehicle, particularly a scroll compressor for a vehicle air conditioner.

According to the scroll type fluid machine of the present invention, the compatibility is improved by applying a tin-based plating to the sliding surface of the thrust plate, and it is possible to prevent adhesion between the movable spiral body and the thrust plate. A low coefficient of friction can be achieved. In addition, it is possible to reduce the cost as compared with the conventional solid lubricant coating film and the tin plating treatment on the spiral body side, and it is also possible to achieve high productivity.

It is a longitudinal section of a scroll type compressor as a scroll type fluid machine concerning one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a plan view (A), a schematic side view (B) of a thrust plate in the scroll compressor of FIG. 1, and a schematic side view (C) of a thrust plate according to another embodiment. It is the top view (A) and schematic side view (B) of the thrust plate which concern on another embodiment. It is a comparison figure of the limit PV value of various film-forming when a sliding test is implemented. It is a comparison figure of the friction coefficient of various film-forming when a sliding test is implemented. It is a relationship figure of skewness Rsk and limit PV value. It is a relationship figure between kurtosis Rku and limit PV value. It is a surface roughness characteristic figure which shows the example of a change of the surface form by the change of skewness Rsk. It is a surface roughness characteristic view which shows the example of a change of the surface form by the change of kurtosis Rku. It is a schematic surface sectional drawing of the thrust plate which shows the example of a surface state change before and behind sliding when only skewness Rsk exists in a specific range. It is a schematic surface sectional view of a thrust plate showing an example of surface state change before and after sliding when skewness Rsk and kurtosis Rku are within a specific range. It is a schematic surface sectional drawing which shows the example of a surface state change of the thrust plate when the thickness of tin plating changes.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows a scroll compressor 1 as a scroll fluid machine according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the scroll compressor 1, the housing is revolved between the front housing 2 and the rear housing 3 with respect to the housing in a state in which rotation is prevented with respect to the fixed spiral body 4 and the fixed spiral body 4. The movable spiral body 5 is provided, and a fluid pocket 6 whose volume is changed is formed between the fixed spiral body 4 and the movable spiral body 5. As the movable spiral body 5 pivots, the sealed fluid pocket 6 is moved in the radial direction toward the center, thereby reducing the volume of the fluid pocket 6 and the fluid in the fluid pocket 6 ( For example, the refrigerant) is compressed. A tip seal 7 is attached to the tip of the spiral wall of the fixed spiral body 4 and the movable spiral body 5 and is used for the seal during the compression operation. The compressed fluid is discharged into the discharge chamber 8 through a discharge hole (not shown) provided in the radial center portion of the fixed spiral body 4, and is then sent to the outside through the discharge port 9. The movable spiral body 5 is revolved so as to make a turning motion in a state where the rotation is prevented by a rotation prevention mechanism provided with a rotation prevention pin 10. The movable spiral body 5 is driven via an eccentric bush 11 rotatably disposed on the back side of the bottom plate 5a, and a main shaft 12 engaged with the eccentric bush 11 so as to be relatively rotatable in an eccentric state. The main shaft 12 is rotatably supported by the front housing 2 via a drive bearing 13. The rotational driving force of the main shaft 12 is transmitted from an external driving source (not shown) via the pulley 14 and the electromagnetic clutch 15.

Between the bottom plate 5a of the movable spiral body 5 and the housing 2 (front housing), there is an annular thrust plate 21 that receives the axial reaction force of the pressure applied in the fluid pocket 6 (in this embodiment, the compression reaction force). Is provided. The thrust plate 21 and the bottom plate 5a of the movable spiral body 5 opposed thereto slide with each other as the movable spiral body 5 rotates. At least a surface of the thrust plate 21 facing the bottom plate 5a of the movable spiral body 5 is plated with tin.

As shown in FIG. 2 (A), the thrust plate 21 is configured as a member made of a single annular flat plate, and as shown in FIG. 2 (B), a thrust plate base material (base material) 21a. A tin plating 22 is applied to the surface of the movable spiral body 5 facing the bottom plate 5a. The surface on which the tin plating 22 is applied becomes a sliding surface 23 with the bottom plate 5 a of the movable spiral body 5. FIG. 2B shows a case where the tin plating 22 is applied only to the surface facing the bottom plate 5a of the movable spiral body 5 of the thrust plate base material 21a. From the viewpoint of processing efficiency and the like, it is also possible to apply tin plating to both surfaces or the entire surface of the thrust plate substrate 21a. In addition, as shown in FIG. 2C, an underlayer 24 of the tin plating 22 having the above-described material can be provided as an intermediate layer between the thrust plate base 21a and the tin plating 22 layer. It is. As the underlayer 24, for example, as described above, a nickel plating layer or a copper plating layer can be used. By providing the base layer 24, the adhesion of the tin plating 22 layer can be improved. The plating layer can be formed by, for example, electroplating or electroless plating.

Further, as the form of the thrust plate, in addition to the single circular flat plate form as shown in FIG. 2 (A), for example, as shown in FIGS. 3 (A) and 3 (B), there are a plurality of forms in the circumferential direction. It can also be set as the form divided | segmented into these members. In the illustrated example, the thrust plate 31 is divided into two parts, each of the thrust plate base materials 31a is tin-plated 32, and the surface on which the tin-plating 32 is applied is in contact with the bottom plate 5a of the movable spiral body 5. A sliding surface 33 is provided. The number of divisions may be appropriately determined from the viewpoints of assembly workability, workability during plating, processing efficiency, and the like.

Regarding the thrust plate subjected to tin plating as described above, in particular, the case of only tin plating and the case of nickel plating as tin plating + underlayer 24 shown in FIGS. 2 (B) and (C) 4 and 5 show the limit PV value and coefficient of friction when a sliding test is performed using thrust plates of two types of surface forms compared to the case of a resin film (limit PV of various film formations). Value and friction coefficient). The test was conducted by a ring-on-plate test, and the measurement conditions were a peripheral speed of 6 m / s, a surface pressure of 6 MPa, and a lubricating atmosphere. As shown in FIG. 4, a higher limit PV value was obtained in both the case of only tin plating and the case of performing tin plating + underlying nickel plating as compared with the case of the resin film. Further, as shown in FIG. 5, compared to the resin film, both the case of only tin plating and the case of performing tin plating + underlying nickel plating stably provide a low coefficient of friction for a long time. It was.

In the present invention, as described above, the surface form of the tin-plated ground (surface before plating) in the thrust plate is set to the parameters specified in JIS B0601 (corresponding international standard: ISO 4287) regarding the surface roughness. Thus, it is preferable that the skewness Rsk defined by the above-described mathematical expression “Equation 1” is −0.05 or less and the kurtosis Rku defined by the above-described mathematical expression “Equation 2” is +2.5 or more. More preferably, the skewness Rsk is −0.1 or less, and the kurtosis Rku is +3.0 or more. Such a range of skewness Rsk and kurtosis Rku is defined as a range in which good slidability, in particular, a limit PV value of 20 MPa · m / s or more can be achieved. That is, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, when the relationship between the skewness Rsk and the limit PV value and the relationship between the kurtosis Rku and the limit PV value are expressed, a limit PV value of 20 MPa · m / s or more can be achieved. It is specified as a range.

If the concepts of the skewness Rsk and the kurtosis Rku are explained in an easy-to-understand manner, they can be expressed as shown in FIGS. That is, as shown in FIG. 8, when the skewness is Rsk of −0.05 or less, the width of the mountain becomes large and the surface area becomes large. Therefore, the sliding contact area with the movable spiral body is increased, and the surface pressure load can be increased. However, in the surface state where the skewness Rsk is −0.05 or less, the number of valleys is reduced, and it is difficult to secure lubricity retention due to the tin component filled in this portion, and it is difficult to obtain high slidability. Therefore, when the condition of kurtosis (kurtosis) Rku of 2.5 or more can be secured as the AND condition, as shown in FIG. 9, the sharpness of the roughness curve is increased, and a sufficient number of valley grooves are formed. Therefore, the retainability of the tin component and other lubricating components is increased, and the lubricity is enhanced. For this reason, high slidability can be obtained. As described above, the contact area is increased by performing the tin plating process using the thrust plate base material having a surface roughness with a skewness Rsk of −0.05 or less and a kurtosis Rku of 2.5 or more. It is possible to increase the surface pressure load and increase the number of trough grooves on the surface, so that a highly conformable tin plating component can be filled in many grooves on the surface. The coefficient can be reduced.

Furthermore, by satisfying the above surface form, the tin plating component filled in the troughs on the surface can play a role of supplementing the conformability of the surface even when the tin plating peeling of the thrust plate surface proceeds. That is, if the substrate surface only satisfies skewness Rsk-0.05 or less, as shown in FIG. 10, the groove width is large but the number of grooves is reduced, so that the surface conformability from the tin plating component filled in the groove is improved. There is a risk that lubrication may be deteriorated due to insufficient expression. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 11, by ensuring a surface configuration that satisfies both the conditions where the skewness Rsk is −0.05 or less and the kurtosis Rku is 2.5 or more, the number of grooves increases, The filled tin plating component can sufficiently exhibit surface conformability, and the lubricity retention is also improved.

In the present invention, as described above, the thickness of the tin plating is preferably in the range of 1 to 15 μm. More preferably, it is in the range of 2 to 12 μm, and further preferably in the range of 3 to 10 μm. By setting the thickness within such a range (for example, by setting the thickness of the tin plating 42 on the substrate 41 of about 5 μm shown in FIG. 12B), the tin plating peeling on the surface of the thrust plate progressed. Even in this case, the tin plating component filled in the troughs on the surface can serve to sufficiently supplement the conformability of the surface. As shown in FIG. 12 (A), when the thickness of the tin plating 42 is less than 1 μm, tin plating is not sufficiently formed in the valley grooves on the surface of the base material 41, and it is difficult to ensure surface conformability and lubricity. May decrease. Further, as shown in FIG. 12C, when the thickness of the tin plating 42 exceeds 15 μm, lubricity can be secured, but the dimensional change in the compressor axial direction (plate thickness direction) due to the disappearance of the tin plating becomes large, and the compression is reduced. The functionality of the machine may not be secured.

Furthermore, in order to confirm the appropriateness of the range of the preferable conditions as described above in the present invention, a ring-on-plate sliding test was performed in a lubricating atmosphere under various thrust plate conditions. The measurement conditions are that the peripheral speed is constant, the surface pressure is increased at a constant speed, and the limit PV value is the peripheral speed (V) and surface pressure (P ) Product. As judgment criteria,
Limit PV value: 20 MPa · m / s or more: ○, less than ×
Coefficient of friction: Less than 0.04: ◯, and more than x. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

As shown in Tables 1 and 2, it was confirmed that by satisfying the preferable conditions in the present invention, both a desirable high limit PV value and a low friction coefficient can be realized.

The structure of the scroll type fluid machine according to the present invention can be applied to both the scroll type compressor and the scroll type expander, and is particularly suitable for a vehicle fluid machine having a strong demand for durability improvement and long life, particularly for vehicles. It is suitable for a scroll type compressor, in particular, a scroll type compressor for a vehicle air conditioner.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Scroll type compressor 2 Front housing 3 Rear housing 4 Fixed spiral body 5 Movable spiral body 5a Bottom plate 6 of movable spiral body Fluid pocket 7 Chip seal 8 Discharge chamber 9 Discharge port 10 Rotation prevention pin 11 Eccentric bush 12 Main shaft 13 Drive bearing 14 Pulley 15

Electromagnetic clutch

21, 31

Thrust plate

21a, 31a Thrust

plate base material

22, 32 Tin plating 23, 33 Sliding surface 24 Underlayer 41 Base material 42 Tin plating

Claims

The housing is provided with a fixed spiral body and a movable spiral body that revolves while preventing rotation with respect to the fixed spiral body, and a fluid pocket whose volume is changed is formed between the fixed spiral body and the movable spiral body. In addition, in a scroll type fluid machine provided with a thrust plate that receives a reaction force in the axial direction of the pressure applied in the fluid pocket between the bottom plate of the movable spiral body and the housing, at least the movable spiral body of the thrust plate is provided. A scroll type fluid machine characterized in that a tin-based plating is applied to the surface facing the bottom plate.
The scroll type fluid machine according to claim 1, wherein the thrust plate is made of an iron-based steel plate, a casting, or a light metal.
The scroll fluid machine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the tin plate is provided with an underlayer of the tin plating.
The scroll fluid machine according to claim 3, wherein the underlayer is made of a nickel or copper plating layer.
The ground surface of the tin-based plating in the thrust plate has a skewness Rsk defined by Equation 1 of −0.05 or less according to a parameter defined in JIS B0601 (corresponding international standard: ISO 4287) relating to surface roughness, and The scroll fluid machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the kurtosis Rku defined by the equation 2 is +2.5 or more.
The scroll type fluid machine according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the tin-based plating has a thickness of 1 to 15 µm.
The scroll type fluid machine according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the tin-based plating is applied to the entire surface of the thrust plate.
The scroll type fluid machine according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the thrust plate has a structure divided in a circumferential direction.