WO2012008247A1 - 二次電池の充電方法および充電装置 - Google Patents
二次電池の充電方法および充電装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012008247A1 WO2012008247A1 PCT/JP2011/063270 JP2011063270W WO2012008247A1 WO 2012008247 A1 WO2012008247 A1 WO 2012008247A1 JP 2011063270 W JP2011063270 W JP 2011063270W WO 2012008247 A1 WO2012008247 A1 WO 2012008247A1
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- charging
- secondary battery
- battery
- time
- charge
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
- G01R31/3835—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC involving only voltage measurements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
- H02J7/0049—Detection of fully charged condition
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
- H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
- H02J7/007184—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage in response to battery voltage gradient
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a charging method and a charging device for a secondary battery, and in particular, a charging method for a secondary battery for determining full charge by detecting ⁇ V in which the battery voltage is decreased by ⁇ V from the peak voltage during charging of the secondary battery, and
- the present invention relates to a charging device.
- the secondary battery needs to be charged properly. This is because in the case of insufficient charging, the battery capacity is insufficient and the device cannot be operated sufficiently, whereas in the case of overcharging, there is a risk of abnormal battery heat generation or performance deterioration. .
- the capacity of the rechargeable battery gradually decreases, leading to deterioration of the capacity.
- the charging environment temperature, the overdischarge state, the overcharge state, and the like are factors that accelerate the deterioration of the capacity of the secondary battery.
- a method called a - ⁇ V control method is widely known as an appropriate charging method when performing quick charging with a relatively large charging current.
- This method utilizes the point that the charging voltage characteristic of the secondary battery has a peak voltage VP near the full charge as shown in FIG. That is, a technique for detecting and storing the peak voltage VP and determining that the battery is fully charged when the battery voltage drops to a predetermined voltage ⁇ V after reaching the peak voltage VP and stops the charging operation (hereinafter referred to as ⁇ V control). Called). It should be noted that after the charging current is cut off, a trickle charging current that does not lead to overcharging is applied.
- long-term storage batteries such as nickel-metal hydride batteries and nickel-cadmium batteries that are left uncharged for a long period of time
- inactivation occurs inside the batteries during storage.
- the peak voltage VP as described above is generated when the charging is completed, but as shown in FIG. 2, it is different from the previous peak voltage VP before the charging is completed.
- a peak voltage (pseudo peak voltage) may occur.
- the pseudo peak voltage When charging a long-term storage battery in which a pseudo peak voltage may be generated, if the full charge is determined by the - ⁇ V control method, the pseudo peak voltage may be erroneously detected as the peak voltage VP after completion of charging. In such a case, there is a possibility that charging is terminated by determining full charge based on a voltage drop immediately after detecting the pseudo peak voltage. As a result, the secondary battery is insufficiently charged, resulting in insufficient battery capacity.
- Patent Document 1 a technique described in Patent Document 1 is known as a technique for preventing insufficient charging due to erroneous detection as described above.
- Patent Document 1 describes a technique in which the peak voltage and subsequent - ⁇ V are not detected for a predetermined time after the start of charging in - ⁇ V control. For example, in the case of 1 It charge (rapid charge that is fully charged in 1 hour), as shown in FIG. 3, the peak voltage and ⁇ V are not detected for about 2 to 3 minutes from the start of charge. The invalid time of ⁇ V control was set.
- the voltage drop may continue for more than 3 minutes, and the voltage drop may continue for about 30 minutes. In such a case, there is a risk of causing a problem that erroneous detection cannot be avoided by setting the invalid time in the - ⁇ V control as described above.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above, and it is possible to optimize the invalid time in - ⁇ V control, and to charge a secondary battery capable of satisfying both avoidance of overcharge and ensuring of a necessary minimum battery capacity. It is an object to provide a method and a charging device.
- the secondary battery charging method is such that the battery voltage of the secondary battery decreases by ⁇ V from the peak voltage when charging the secondary battery.
- the secondary battery charging apparatus detects when the secondary battery is charged by detecting - ⁇ V where the battery voltage of the secondary battery drops by ⁇ V from the peak voltage.
- a memory device for storing an invalid time calculated by dividing the current accumulated amount of the rapid charging current flowing through the secondary battery by the average charging current amount at the time of rapid charging;
- a measuring instrument that measures the elapsed charging time after the start of charging the secondary battery, and the battery voltage of the secondary battery decreases by ⁇ V from the peak voltage after the invalid time is measured by the measuring instrument after the charging of the secondary battery is started.
- a control unit that detects - ⁇ V and determines that the battery is fully charged.
- the current charging amount of the rapid charging current flowing through the secondary battery is rapidly charged.
- the invalid time can be optimized.
- by making the - ⁇ V control valid after the invalid time has elapsed since the start of charging it is possible to ensure the necessary minimum battery capacity and avoid overcharging.
- FIG. 1 shows the relationship between charging time and battery voltage when charging a secondary battery.
- FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the charging time and the battery voltage when charging the inactive secondary battery.
- FIG. 3 shows the setting of the invalid time in the ⁇ V control in the relationship between the charging time and the battery voltage when charging the secondary battery.
- FIG. 4 shows the relationship between the charging time and the battery voltage of a normal secondary battery and a secondary battery whose capacity has deteriorated.
- FIG. 5 shows a configuration of the charging apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 shows the relationship between the charging time and the battery voltage according to the first embodiment.
- the charging device according to Embodiment 1 shown in FIG. 5 includes a charger side block 1 and a main body side block 2.
- the charger side block 1 includes a charging power source 11 and is configured to be detachable from the main body side block 2.
- the charging power supply unit 11 is configured as a constant voltage / constant current power supply for supplying a constant voltage / constant current to the main body side block 2 by inputting an AC commercial power supply of about 100V to 240V.
- the charging power supply unit 11 is configured to supply a current less than that when the predetermined maximum current cannot be supplied to the main body side block 2.
- the main body side block 2 constitutes a charging device, provides an invalid time in the above-described - ⁇ V control, and determines whether the secondary battery is fully charged.
- the charging device of the main body side block 2 includes a secondary battery 21, a charging current control element 22, a first temperature sensor 23, a second temperature sensor 24, a display unit 25, a charging control unit 26 and a load 27.
- the secondary battery 21 is composed of a secondary battery such as a nickel metal hydride battery or a nickel cadmium battery, and is charged based on a current supplied from the charging power supply unit 11.
- the secondary battery 21 is a power source for a load 27 such as a DC motor.
- the secondary battery 21 is illustrated as two batteries connected in series. However, the number of the batteries is not limited.
- the charging current control element 22 is connected between the charging power supply unit 11 and the secondary battery 21 and controls the charging current supplied to the secondary battery 21.
- the charging current control element 22 is configured by a switching element or the like, and the charging current supplied to the secondary battery 21 is controlled by pulse width modulation (PWM) control that controls on / off of the switching element based on a charge on / off signal. Adjust the control.
- PWM pulse width modulation
- the first temperature sensor 23 detects the temperature of the secondary battery 21 and outputs a battery temperature signal to the charge control unit 26.
- the second temperature sensor 24 detects the room temperature and outputs a room temperature signal to the charge control unit 26.
- the display unit 25 is composed of, for example, a light emitting diode (LED), and displays the state of charge of the secondary battery 21 by, for example, the number of lit LEDs.
- LED light emitting diode
- the charging control unit 26 functions as a control center for controlling the operation of the charging device, and is a microcomputer equipped with hardware resources such as a CPU and a storage device necessary for controlling various operation processes based on a program. Realized. Various functions for charging the secondary battery 21 including - ⁇ V control are realized by the processing program being executed by the CPU (arithmetic processing unit 269) of the microcomputer constituting the charging control unit 26.
- the charge control unit 26 includes a charge connection input unit 261, a charge control output unit 262, a voltage state input unit 263, a storage element unit 264, a timer control unit 265, a first temperature state input unit 266, and a second temperature state input unit. 267, a display output unit 268, and an arithmetic processing unit 269.
- the charging control unit 26 determines whether or not the charging power source unit 11 is connected to the main body side block 2 based on a connection signal input to the charging connection input unit 261. When it is confirmed that the charging power supply unit 11 is connected, the charging control unit 26 can control the charging operation of the secondary battery 21.
- the charge control unit 26 supplies a charge on / off signal to the charge current control element 22 via the charge control output unit 262, and performs on / off control of the charge current control element 22 based on the charge on / off signal.
- PWM control is performed with an arbitrary duty ratio.
- the charging control unit 26 generates a constant current (rapid charging current, trickle charging current, etc.) having a desired average current value, and supplies it to the secondary battery 21.
- the charging control unit 26 detects the battery voltage of the secondary battery 21 at the measurement point a as needed after elapse of an invalid time in the preset - ⁇ V control after the charging of the secondary battery 21 is started, and the detected battery The voltage is input via the voltage state input unit 263.
- the invalid time of - ⁇ V control is calculated in advance and stored in the storage element unit 264 (memory) as will be described later.
- the ineffective time of - ⁇ V control is calculated by inputting various amounts corresponding to the specifications of the secondary battery 21 necessary for calculation from the outside using a calculation formula described later in the charge control unit 26. May be.
- the ineffective time of - ⁇ V control is measured by the timer control unit 265 (measurement device) after charging of the secondary battery 21 is started.
- the charge control unit 26 detects the peak voltage VP of the battery voltage and a voltage drop of ⁇ V from the peak voltage VP ( ⁇ V detection).
- ⁇ V detection When the charging control unit 26 detects ⁇ V after detecting the peak voltage VP, the charging control unit 26 determines that the secondary battery 21 is fully charged, and stops the charging operation or performs auxiliary charging.
- the charging control unit 26 determines whether the room temperature or the battery temperature is based on the battery temperature signal input via the first temperature state input unit 266 or the room temperature signal input via the second temperature state input unit 267. When the value deviates from the range set in advance by specifications, the charging operation is stopped from the viewpoint of safety protection.
- the charging control unit 26 outputs a control signal for controlling lighting of the LED of the display unit 25 to the display unit 25 via the display output unit 268.
- the charging control unit 26 performs various types of arithmetic processing in an arithmetic processing unit 269 configured by a CPU based on a program stored and prepared in advance in the storage element unit 264 to control the charging operation.
- the battery capacity has deteriorated and the end of life state, for example, about 50% to 70% of the battery capacity at the time of full charge, or left inactive for more than one year for a long time
- Tdis the operation time of the device by one rated charge set in advance according to the specification or the like
- Idis the average current consumption when the device operates
- Idis the average current consumption Idis varies depending on the type of the load 27 used in the device.
- Capacity for deep discharge area (capacity from equipment operation stop voltage to 0V)
- the equipment that uses the secondary battery as a power source stops the operation when the battery voltage drops below a predetermined voltage, and this operation stops. It is controlled so as not to fall into a low voltage state (deep discharge state) below the undercut voltage.
- the battery capacity Ccd (required for satisfying Tdis (h) in the deep discharge state of the secondary battery. mAh) is calculated by the following equation (3).
- the charging operation of the secondary battery is performed by a quick charging operation and a trickle charging operation that is supplementarily performed after the quick charging operation. It is common to split.
- Irap the average charging current at the time of rapid charging
- Itrc the trickle charging current at the time of trickle charging
- Secondary batteries such as nickel metal hydride batteries and nickel-cadmium batteries, should be trickle charged for a predetermined time after normal rapid charging in order to re-activate them when inactive due to prolonged standing. It is common.
- the accumulated current amount Srap (mAh) of the charging current supplied to the secondary battery in the inactive state at the time of rapid charge is the above-mentioned various quantities. Is calculated by the following equation (4).
- the minimum charge time Ttrmin (h) at the time of quick charge is set to the current integrated amount Srap calculated by the above equation (4) and the rapid charge. From the average charging current Irap at the time of charging, it is calculated by the following equation (5).
- the invalid time in the - ⁇ V control is set so as to invalidate the detection of the peak voltage and the detection of - ⁇ V.
- the necessary minimum battery capacity is secured even when the peak voltage of the battery voltage is detected and the charging operation is terminated by erroneously detecting - ⁇ V. It becomes possible to do.
- the - ⁇ V control becomes effective after the invalid time, overcharge can be avoided.
- the battery capacity that will ultimately be assumed when the secondary battery deteriorates is estimated from complex factors such as battery characteristics, variations, and usage environment. Whether to do this is determined by the manufacturer and type of secondary battery.
- the Ccap can optimize the invalid time of - ⁇ V control by the above calculation formula (5) when Ccap ⁇ Clag is satisfied. it can.
- the invalid time for invalidating the - ⁇ V control can be set appropriately.
- the device configuration is such that a false detection of - ⁇ V may occur due to noise, etc., even when charging a normal secondary battery other than the deterioration of capacity or leaving it for a long period of time, the device is kept for a predetermined time. The minimum battery capacity required for operation can be ensured.
- the charging device according to the embodiment can be applied to small electric devices such as an electric razor, an electric clipper, a hair remover, and an electric toothbrush.
- the charging device according to the embodiment charges a secondary battery provided in a small electric device such as the electric razor.
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Abstract
Description
図5に示す実施形態1に係る充電装置は、充電器側ブロック1と本体側ブロック2とで構成される。
先ず、電池容量の劣化が進行して寿命末期の状態、例えば満充電時の電池容量が正常な場合に比べて50%~70%程度の状態、または1年以上長期間にわたって放置して不活性状態の二次電池において、予め仕様などで設定された1回の定格充電による機器の動作時間をTdis(h)とする。また、機器が動作する際の平均消費電流をIdis(mA)とする。平均消費電流Idisは、機器に用いる負荷27などの種類によってそれぞれ異なる。
Ccap=Tdis×Idis/y …(1)
二次電池では、放電時と同様に充電時にも充電効率x(=充電容量/充電電流積算量、0~1.00の範囲の定数)が存在する。したがって、上記Ccapの容量分を充電する際に必要となる電流積算量Is(mAh)は、次式(2)によって算出される。
Is=Ccap/x …(2)
二次電池の過放電による劣化を防止するために、二次電池を電源とした機器では、一般的に、電池電圧が所定の電圧以下に低下した際には動作が停止し、この動作が停止するアンダーカット電圧以下の低電圧状態(深放電状態)に陥らないように制御されている。
Ccd=(Ccap/x)+Cdep …(3)
二次電池が、例えば、ニッケル水素電池またはニッケル・カドミウム電池で構成されている場合、二次電池の充電動作は、急速充電動作と、急速充電動作の後に補足的に行われるトリクル充電動作とに分かれるのが一般的である。ここで、上記急速充電時の平均充電電流をIrap(mA)とし、トリクル充電時のトリクル充電電流をItrc(mA)とする。これらの数値は、電池性能上の制約を除けば、設計者によって任意に設定することのできる値である。
Srap=(Ccap/x)+Cdep-(Itrc×Ttrc) …(4)
Ttrmin=Srap/Irap …(5)
Claims (4)
- 二次電池を充電する際に、前記二次電池の電池電圧がピーク電圧からΔV低下する-ΔVを検出して満充電と判定する二次電池の充電方法であって、
前記二次電池に流す急速充電電流の電流積算量を急速充電時の平均充電電流量で除した値として無効時間を算出する工程と、
ピーク電圧ならびに-ΔVの検出を無効とする前記無効時間を設定する工程と、
前記二次電池の充電が開始されてから前記無効時間が経過した後に、前記二次電池の電池電圧がピーク電圧からΔV低下する-ΔVを検出して満充電と判定する工程と
を備えた二次電池の充電方法。 - 請求項1に記載の二次電池の充電方法であって、
前記二次電池に流す急速充電電流の前記電流積算量を、容量劣化状態または長期放置状態の二次電池で要求される電池容量、充電時の充電効率、深放電領域分の電池容量、トリクル充電時のトリクル充電電流量ならびにトリクル充電時間に基づいて算出する工程を更に備える
ことを特徴とする二次電池の充電方法。 - 二次電池を充電する際に、前記二次電池の電池電圧がピーク電圧からΔV低下する-ΔVを検出して満充電と判定する二次電池の充電装置であって、
前記二次電池に流す急速充電電流の電流積算量を急速充電時の平均充電電流量で除して算出された無効時間を記憶するメモリと、
前記二次電池の充電開始後充電経過時間を計測する計測器と、
前記二次電池の充電が開始されてから前記無効時間が前記計測器によって計測された後に、前記二次電池の電池電圧がピーク電圧からΔV低下する-ΔVを検出して満充電と判定する制御部と
を備えた二次電池の充電装置。 - 請求項3に記載の二次電池の充電装置であって、
前記二次電池に流す急速充電電流の電流積算量は、容量劣化状態または長期放置状態の二次電池で要求される電池容量、充電時の充電効率、深放電領域分の電池容量、トリクル充電時のトリクル充電電流量ならびにトリクル充電時間に基づいて算出される
ことを特徴とする二次電池の充電装置。
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RU2012158110/07A RU2012158110A (ru) | 2010-07-14 | 2011-06-09 | Аккумуляторная батарея, способ зарядки и зарядное устройство |
EP11806578.8A EP2595276A4 (en) | 2010-07-14 | 2011-06-09 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CHARGING A SECONDARY BATTERY |
US13/808,057 US20130110431A1 (en) | 2010-07-14 | 2011-06-09 | Secondary battery charging method and charging apparatus |
CN2011800325597A CN102959829A (zh) | 2010-07-14 | 2011-06-09 | 二次电池的充电方法以及充电装置 |
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JP2010159442A JP2012023849A (ja) | 2010-07-14 | 2010-07-14 | 二次電池の充電方法および充電装置 |
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US11152602B2 (en) * | 2017-01-12 | 2021-10-19 | StoreDot Ltd. | Using formation parameters to extend the cycling lifetime of lithium ion batteries |
IT201900006839A1 (it) * | 2019-05-15 | 2020-11-15 | Phase Motion Control S P A | Procedimento elettrochimico per il ripristino della capacità di batterie al litio |
CN111332154B (zh) * | 2020-03-06 | 2021-11-26 | 江西江铃集团新能源汽车有限公司 | 电动汽车自动补电控制方法及系统 |
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2010
- 2010-07-14 JP JP2010159442A patent/JP2012023849A/ja not_active Withdrawn
-
2011
- 2011-06-09 RU RU2012158110/07A patent/RU2012158110A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-06-09 EP EP11806578.8A patent/EP2595276A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-06-09 US US13/808,057 patent/US20130110431A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-06-09 CN CN2011800325597A patent/CN102959829A/zh active Pending
- 2011-06-09 WO PCT/JP2011/063270 patent/WO2012008247A1/ja active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPH02219424A (ja) * | 1989-02-20 | 1990-09-03 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 蓄電池の充電方法 |
JPH06327167A (ja) * | 1993-05-10 | 1994-11-25 | Makita Corp | 充電装置 |
JP2008086106A (ja) * | 2006-09-27 | 2008-04-10 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 充電器 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See also references of EP2595276A4 * |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10530168B2 (en) | 2017-01-13 | 2020-01-07 | Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp., Ltd. | Charging method, charging device and terminal |
US10666063B2 (en) | 2017-01-13 | 2020-05-26 | Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp., Ltd. | Charging method, charging device and terminal |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN102959829A (zh) | 2013-03-06 |
US20130110431A1 (en) | 2013-05-02 |
EP2595276A4 (en) | 2014-04-09 |
JP2012023849A (ja) | 2012-02-02 |
EP2595276A1 (en) | 2013-05-22 |
RU2012158110A (ru) | 2014-08-20 |
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