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WO2012097643A1 - Iptv系统中直播媒体流的方法和装置 - Google Patents

Iptv系统中直播媒体流的方法和装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012097643A1
WO2012097643A1 PCT/CN2011/082988 CN2011082988W WO2012097643A1 WO 2012097643 A1 WO2012097643 A1 WO 2012097643A1 CN 2011082988 W CN2011082988 W CN 2011082988W WO 2012097643 A1 WO2012097643 A1 WO 2012097643A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
iptv system
live media
file
live
media file
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2011/082988
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孟凡忠
朱兴昌
Original Assignee
中兴通讯股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 中兴通讯股份有限公司 filed Critical 中兴通讯股份有限公司
Publication of WO2012097643A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012097643A1/zh

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/60Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/63Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
    • H04N21/643Communication protocols
    • H04N21/64322IP
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/60Network streaming of media packets
    • H04L65/61Network streaming of media packets for supporting one-way streaming services, e.g. Internet radio
    • H04L65/611Network streaming of media packets for supporting one-way streaming services, e.g. Internet radio for multicast or broadcast
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/60Network streaming of media packets
    • H04L65/75Media network packet handling
    • H04L65/752Media network packet handling adapting media to network capabilities
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/60Network streaming of media packets
    • H04L65/75Media network packet handling
    • H04L65/765Media network packet handling intermediate

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of IPTV (Internet Protocol Television) systems, and in particular, to a method and apparatus for streaming a media stream in an IPTV system.
  • IPTV Internet Protocol Television
  • the core issue that restricts the development of streaming media broadband applications is the quality of service. Because the transmission network is not reliable, its bandwidth and load change drastically, it is difficult to meet the real-time quality of service requirements of streaming media broadband services, and often suffers from bad conditions such as playback jam, delay, and severe video quality jitter, which causes the user to feel very much. Great impact.
  • the adaptive code stream media transmission technology is a technology that can greatly improve the quality of key services in streaming media broadband transmission.
  • the Apple Operation System 3.0 which is used by Apple terminals such as iphone, ipad, ipod touch, etc., introduces the http streaming transmission technology of adaptive stream as a component, which uses the Internet standard HTTP (The Hypertext Transfer Protocol) to provide smooth Audio and video streaming.
  • the technology supports automatic stream conditioning based on available network types and automatically switches to the optimal stream for a smooth, smooth, high-quality playback experience.
  • Apple terminals based on Apple Operation System 3.0 can be linked and played as long as there are video folders, streaming files, and index files defined on the server side.
  • the CDN of the IPTV system has been widely used in media playback of Apple terminals such as iphone, ipad, and ipod touch.
  • the CDN of the IPTV system includes three layers of server nodes: a central node, a regional central node, and an edge node.
  • RTSP Real Time Streaming Protocol
  • the media stream passes through the central node and the regional center node in turn.
  • the point and edge nodes are pushed in real time in turn.
  • the drawbacks of this method are: Only one rate of media stream can be transmitted, and the media stream file selectable by the user is single.
  • the headend encoder cuts the source video stream into small fragments and places them on the FTP (File Transfer Protocol) server. Obtained from the server.
  • FTP File Transfer Protocol
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for playing a live media stream in an IPTV system, which can overcome the drawback of a single code rate when the existing IPTV system integrates the RTSP to transmit a media file.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a method for broadcasting an apple media stream in the IPTV system, including:
  • the headend encoder cuts the source video stream into live media file fragments of different code rates, and synchronizes the index file in the content distribution network of the IPTV system;
  • the index file is obtained from the content distribution network of the IPTV system, and the live media file fragment is obtained from the content distribution network of the IPTV system according to the index file.
  • the index file includes: a code rate of the live media file fragment, a start and end time of the live media file fragmentation, and a total number of live media file fragments currently stored by the headend encoder.
  • the synchronizing the index file in the content distribution network of the IPTV system is specifically implemented by periodically updating the index file based on the http protocol by the content distribution network of the IPTV system. Further, the content distribution network of the IPTV system periodically updates the index file for a period of time less than or equal to the sliced live media file fragment length.
  • the specific process of the content distribution network of the IPTV system periodically updating the index file based on the http protocol includes:
  • the edge node periodically obtains an index file from the central node through the regional center node based on the http protocol;
  • the regional center node periodically obtains an index file from the central node based on the http protocol, and sends the index file to the edge node connected thereto;
  • the central node periodically sends an index file to the regional central node connected to it based on the http protocol, and the regional central node sends a file to the edge node connected thereto based on the http protocol.
  • the terminal obtains a live media file fragment from the content distribution network of the IPTV system according to the index file, and specifically includes:
  • the terminal obtains an index file from the edge node according to the http protocol, and sends a request for obtaining a live media file fragmentation to the edge node according to the index file;
  • the edge node checks whether there is a live media file fragment corresponding to the index file in its own memory. If yes, the live media file fragment is sent to the terminal according to the http protocol, otherwise the live media file is sent to the regional center node. Slice request, get live media file fragmentation After saving it in its own memory and sending it to the terminal based on the http protocol;
  • the regional center node checks whether there is a live media file fragment corresponding to the index file in its own memory. If yes, the live media file is fragmented to the edge node based on the http protocol, otherwise the live node media file is sent to the central node. Fragment request, obtain the live media file fragment and save it in its own memory and send it to the edge node based on the http protocol;
  • the central node sends the saved live media file fragment to the regional central node based on the http protocol.
  • the method further includes:
  • the terminal adaptively adjusts a code rate of the live media file fragment to be acquired according to the network throughput
  • the request for obtaining the live media file fragment sent by the terminal to the edge node further includes a request for a code rate of the live media file fragment.
  • the method further includes:
  • the terminal acquires a key file from a content distribution network of the IPTV system according to the index file.
  • the present invention also provides an apparatus for a live apple media stream in an IPTV system, including a headend encoder, a content distribution network and a terminal of an IPTV system, where
  • the headend encoder is configured to cut the source video stream into live media file fragments of different code rates, and send the live media file fragment and its corresponding index file to the content distribution network of the IPTV system;
  • the content distribution network of the IPTV system is configured to create an http protocol adaptive code stream live channel in the apple format, synchronize the index file and transmit the live media file fragment according to the terminal requirement; and set the terminal to: when the user clicks on the adaptive code
  • the index file is obtained from the content distribution network of the IPTV system
  • the live media file fragment is obtained from the content distribution network of the IPTV system according to the index file.
  • the head end encoder adopts the model of the American Harley company as the prostream 4000.
  • the present invention has at least the following advantages:
  • the method and device for playing a live media stream in the IPTV system of the present invention adopts a technical solution of integrating an http protocol stream in an applet format in an IPTV system, and provides a rate-adaptive live broadcast service for an Apple terminal such as an iPhone, an iPad, or an ipod touch. It avoids the defect that the existing IPTV system integrates RTSP to transfer media files with a single code rate. Moreover, based on the technical solution of the present invention, in practical applications, the scale of the content distribution network of the IPTV system can be expanded, and the problem of large-scale user access can be solved while ensuring network playback performance based on the adaptive code stream adjustment technology.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a content distribution network of an existing IPTV system
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method for broadcasting a live apple media stream in the IPTV system according to the first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a content distribution network of an IPTV system according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a first method for synchronizing index files of nodes in a content distribution network of the IPTV system according to the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a second method for synchronizing index files of nodes in a content distribution network of the IPTV system according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a third method for synchronizing index files of nodes in a content distribution network of the IPTV system according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart of obtaining, by a node in the content distribution network of the IPTV system according to the present invention, a helper terminal to obtain a live media file fragment according to an index file;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a device composition of a live apple media stream in an IPTV system according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.
  • a first embodiment of the present invention a method for broadcasting a live apple media stream in an IPTV system, as shown in FIG. 2, includes the following specific steps:
  • Step S101 Create an http protocol adaptive code stream live channel in the apple format in the content distribution network of the IPTV system. Specifically, the terminal is provided with a link of an adaptive stream live channel that can be seen when logging in to the IPTV system.
  • Step S102 the head end encoder cuts the source video stream into live media file fragments of different code rates, and writes the live media file fragment and its corresponding index file to the media folder of the corresponding live channel in the central node.
  • the length of the live media file shard is usually 10 seconds.
  • the index file includes: the bit rate of the live media file fragment, the start and end time of the live media file fragmentation, and the total number of live media file fragments in the current central node.
  • the bit rate of the live media file fragment is related to the clarity during playback.
  • the start and end time of the live media file fragment is used to guide the terminal playback.
  • the media folder of each live channel may also include a key file for the terminal to decrypt the encrypted live media file when it is advertised.
  • Step S103 The content distribution network of the IPTV system periodically updates the index file according to the http protocol, and synchronizes the index file to the regional center node and the edge node.
  • the content distribution network of the IPTV system regularly updates the index file for less than or equal to the write period of the index file in the media folder of the live channel, and the write period of the index file in the media folder of the live channel is the cut live media file. The length of the piece.
  • the content distribution network of the IPTV system periodically updates the index file based on the http protocol, and may be one of the following three situations:
  • the edge node periodically obtains from the central node through the regional central node based on the http protocol. Quote file. This is the best way.
  • the regional center node periodically obtains the index file from the central node based on the http protocol and sends it to the edge node connected to it. This is preferred.
  • the central node periodically sends an index file to the regional central node connected to it based on the http protocol, and the regional central node sends an index file to the edge node connected thereto based on the http protocol. In this way, because the central node and the regional central node need to query all the lower nodes connected to them, it is more expensive to process resources.
  • Step S104 The terminal acquires an index file from the edge node according to the http protocol, and sends a request for obtaining a live media file fragmentation to the edge node according to the index file, where the terminal includes a request for a code rate of the live media file fragment.
  • the terminal acquires a new index file from the edge node, because the content distribution network of the IPTV system periodically updates the index file for less than or equal to the media folder of the live channel.
  • the write period of the index file so that the index file obtained by the terminal to the edge node can be ensured to be the latest index file.
  • step S105 the edge node checks whether there is a live media file fragment corresponding to the index file in its own memory, and if yes, the process goes to step S106, otherwise the process goes to step S107.
  • Step S106 The edge node sends the live media file fragment to the terminal according to the http protocol, and the process proceeds to step S113.
  • Step S107 The edge node sends a request for obtaining a live media file fragment to the regional center node.
  • Step S109 The regional center node sends the live media file fragment to the edge node according to the http protocol, and the process proceeds to step S112.
  • Step S110 The regional center node sends a request for obtaining a live media file fragmentation to the central node, and the central node sends the saved live media file fragment to the regional center according to the http protocol. Node.
  • Step Sl11 The regional center node obtains the live media file fragment and saves it in its own memory and sends it to the edge node based on the http protocol.
  • Step S112 The edge node obtains the live media file fragment and saves it in its own memory and sends it to the terminal based on the http protocol.
  • Step S113 The terminal sequentially plays the obtained live media file fragment, that is, the apple media stream, and adaptively adjusts the code rate of the live media file fragment to be obtained according to the network throughput, and obtains all the live media file fragments of the current index file.
  • the process proceeds to step S104.
  • the adaptive bit rate adjustment technique of the terminal according to the throughput of the network during playback is a prior art in the art, and therefore will not be described in detail herein.
  • the method for realizing the live media packet stream in the IPTV system is described in the second embodiment.
  • the method is substantially the same as the first embodiment, except that the terminal is further
  • the key file is obtained by the edge node, the regional center node, and the central node, and the key file is obtained according to the index file according to the http protocol, and is used for decrypting the live media file fragment when the terminal plays.
  • an HTTP service module and a storage module are deployed at a central node of the content distribution network of the IPTV system, and an HTTP service module and a channel relay module are deployed in the regional central node and the edge node, and a storage module shared by the two modules is deployed.
  • the storage module of the central node can be a hard disk.
  • the storage modules in the central node and the edge node can be the memory of each node, provide live broadcast services for large-scale users, and avoid long-term continuous generation and deletion of live media file fragments for each node. The huge impact of storage.
  • the headend encoder can be selected from the US Harley model as prostream 4000 (PS4K).
  • the real-time multi-screen encoder is configured to cut the source video stream into live media file fragments of different code rates, and write the live media file fragment and its corresponding index file into the storage module of the central node.
  • the edge node periodically obtains the index file from the central node through the regional center node. As shown in FIG. 4, the following specific steps are included:
  • A1 The channel relay module of the edge node periodically acquires an index file from the HTTP service module of the regional center node;
  • A2 The HTTP service module of the regional center node notifies the channel relay module to acquire an index file from the HTTP service module of the central node;
  • the regional center node channel relay module obtains an index file from the HTTP service module of the central node;
  • A4 The central node sends the index file in the storage module to the channel relay module of the regional central node through the HTTP service module;
  • A5 After the channel relay module of the regional center node saves the index file to the storage module, the channel service module sent by the HTTP service module to the edge node is notified;
  • A6 Regional Center Node
  • the HTTP service module sends the index file to the channel relay module of the edge node.
  • the channel relay module of the edge node obtains the index file and saves it to the storage module. This is the best way.
  • the regional central node periodically obtains the index file from the central node and sends it to the edge node connected to it. As shown in Figure 5, the following specific steps are included:
  • the channel relay module of the regional center node periodically acquires an index file from the HTTP service module of the central node;
  • B2 The central node sends the index file in the storage module to the channel relay module of the regional central node through the HTTP service module;
  • B3 The channel relay module of the regional center node saves the index file to the storage module, searches for all edge nodes connected thereto, and notifies the HTTP service module to send the channel relay module to all edge nodes connected thereto;
  • the HTTP service module sends the index file to the channel relay module of all edge nodes connected to it.
  • the channel relay module of the edge node obtains the index file and saves it to the storage module. This is preferred.
  • the central node searches for all regional central nodes connected thereto, and sends the index file in the storage module to the channel relay module of all regional central nodes connected thereto through the HTTP service module;
  • the channel relay module of the regional center node After saving the index file to the storage module, the channel relay module of the regional center node searches for all edge nodes connected thereto, and notifies the HTTP service module to send the channel relay module to all edge nodes connected thereto;
  • the HTTP service module of the regional central node sends the index file to the channel relay module of all edge nodes connected to it, and the channel relay module of the edge node obtains the index file and saves it to the storage module. In this way, since the central node and the regional central node need to query all the lower nodes connected to them, it is relatively expensive to process resources.
  • D1 The terminal obtains an index file from the edge node through the HTTP service module, and the terminal sends a request for obtaining a live media file fragmentation to the HTTP service module of the edge node according to the index file, which includes the requirement for the bit rate of the live media file fragment.
  • D2 The HTTP service module of the edge node checks whether there is a live media file fragment corresponding to the index file in the storage module of the edge node. If yes, directly execute D10, and send the live media file fragment to the terminal, otherwise notify the edge node.
  • the channel relay module sends a request for obtaining a live media file fragmentation to the HTTP service module of the regional center node;
  • the channel relay module of the edge node sends a request for obtaining a live media file fragmentation to the HTTP service module of the regional center node;
  • the HTTP service module of the regional center node checks whether there is a live media file fragment corresponding to the index file in the storage module of the regional center node, and if so, directly executes D8, and sends the live media file fragment to the edge node.
  • a channel relay module otherwise the channel relay module of the notification center central node sends a request for obtaining a live media file fragmentation to the HTTP service module of the central node;
  • the channel relay module of the regional center node sends a request for obtaining a live media file fragmentation to the HTTP service module of the central node;
  • the HTTP service module of the central node sends the live media file slice saved in the storage module to the channel relay module of the regional central node;
  • the channel relay module of the regional center node obtains the live media file fragment and saves it in the storage module of the regional central node, and notifies the HTTP service module of the regional central node to send it to the channel relay module of the edge node.
  • the HTTP service module of the regional center node sends the live media file fragment to the channel relay module of the edge node.
  • the channel relay module of the edge node obtains the live media file fragment and saves it in the storage module of the edge node, and notifies the edge node's HTTP service module to send it to the terminal.
  • the HTTP service module of the edge node sends the live media file fragment to the terminal.
  • the terminal sequentially plays the obtained live media file fragment, that is, the apple media stream, and adaptively adjusts the code rate of the live media file fragment to be acquired according to the network throughput.
  • a third embodiment of the present invention a device for broadcasting a live apple media stream in an IPTV system, as shown in FIG. 8, includes a head end encoder, a content distribution network and a terminal of an IPTV system, where
  • the headend encoder is configured to cut the source video stream into live media file fragments of different code rates, and send the live media file fragment and its corresponding index file to the content distribution network of the IPTV system.
  • the headend encoder can be selected from the Harley company's real-time multi-screen encoder model prostream 4000 (PS4K).
  • the content distribution network of the IPTV system is set to create an http protocol adaptive code stream live channel in the apple format, synchronize the index file and transmit the live media file fragment according to the terminal requirement; the specific structure of the content distribution network of the IPTV system is shown in FIG. Shown.
  • the terminal is configured to obtain an index file from the content distribution network of the IPTV system when the user clicks on the adaptive stream live channel, and obtain a live media file fragment from the content distribution network of the IPTV system according to the index file.
  • the end user's request is completed at the edge node.
  • the regional center and the central node will accept the request of the lower node only when the first terminal user's request comes.
  • subsequent terminal users can obtain the live broadcast service at the edge node at any time, without waiting for the current live media file segment to be received. In this way, as long as the regional central node and the edge node are added, the number of supported users can be multiplied.
  • the regional center node and the edge node add a channel relay module, and the channel relay module uses the memory to save the index file of the live channel and the live media file fragment and the key file, thereby reducing the long-term continuity.
  • the generation and deletion of live media file shards has a huge impact on the storage of each node, reducing storage aging and failure.
  • the index is updated regularly, instead of being sharded to the live media file, and is sent when the user requests it, to prevent the Apple iphone terminal from obtaining the old index file.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Two-Way Televisions, Distribution Of Moving Picture Or The Like (AREA)
  • Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)
  • Information Transfer Between Computers (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种IPTV系统中直播媒体流的方法和装置,采用在IPTV系统中集成apple格式的http协议流的技术方案,为iphone、ipad、ipodtouch等苹果公司的终端提供码率自适应的直播服务,避免了现有IPTV系统集成RTSP传输媒体文件时码率单一的缺陷。而且,基于本发明的技术方案,在实际应用中可以通过对IPTV系统的内容分发网络规模的扩展,在基于自适应码流调整技术保证网络播放性能的同时,解决大规模用户访问的问题。

Description

IPTV系统中直播媒体流的方法和装置 技术领域
本发明涉及 IPTV ( Internet Protocol Television, 交互式网络电视) 系统 技术领域, 尤其涉及一种 IPTV系统中直播媒体流的方法和装置。 背景技术
目前, 制约流媒体宽带应用发展的核心问题是服务质量。 由于传输网 络不太可靠, 其带宽、 负荷等变化剧烈, 难以满足流媒体宽带业务的实时 服务质量要求, 并常常发生播放卡壳、 延迟、 视频质量抖动剧烈等不良情 况, 给使用者感官上造成很大的影响。
自适应码流的媒体传输技术, 正是一项可大幅提高流媒体宽带传送过 程中关键服务质量的技术。 iphone、 ipad、 ipod touch等苹果公司终端采用 的 Apple Operation System 3.0将自适应码流的 http streaming传输技术作为 一个组件推出, 它使用互联网标准 HTTP ( The Hypertext Transfer Protocol, 超文本传输协议)提供流畅的音频和视频流。 该技术支持根据可用的网络 类型进行自动码流调整, 而且可以自动切换到最佳码流, 以实现平稳流畅 的高质量播放体验。 只要服务器端存在按照 apple格式定义的视频文件夹、 流媒体文件和索引文件,基于 Apple Operation System 3.0的苹果终端就可以 链接播放。
目前 IPTV系统的 CDN ( Content Delivery Network, 内容分发网络) 已 经广泛应用在如 iphone、 ipad、 ipod touch等苹果终端的媒体播放中。 如图 1所示, IPTV系统的 CDN包括三层服务器节点: 中心节点、 区域中心节点 和边缘节点。 采用 IPTV系统中集成 RTSP ( Real Time Streaming Protocol, 实时流协议)传输媒体文件时, 媒体流是依次通过中心节点、 区域中心节 点和边缘节点依次实时推送下来, 这种方式的缺陷是: 只能传输一种码率 的媒体流, 可供用户选择的媒体流文件单一。 另外, 目前使用 apple格式的 http协议流提供直播频道时, 头端编码器会将源视频流切割成小分片并将 其放到 FTP ( File Transfer Protocol, 文件传输协议)服务器上, 客户端再从 服务器上获取。 但是, 目前还没有在 IPTV系统中集成 apple格式的 http协 议流的方法。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是,提供一种 IPTV系统中直播媒体流的方法 和装置, 能够克服现有 IPTV系统集成 RTSP传输媒体文件时码率单一的缺 陷。
本发明采用的技术方案是,所述 IPTV系统中直播 apple媒体流的方法, 包括:
在 IPTV系统的内容分发网络中创建 apple格式的 http协议自适应码流 直播频道;
头端编码器将源视频流切割成不同码率的直播媒体文件分片, 将所述 在 IPTV系统的内容分发网络内部同步索引文件;
当终端点播所述自适应码流直播频道时,从 IPTV系统的内容分发网络 中获得索引文件,根据索引文件从 IPTV系统的内容分发网络中获取直播媒 体文件分片。
进一步的, 所述索引文件包括: 直播媒体文件分片的码率, 直播媒体 文件分片的开始和结束时间, 以及当前由头端编码器存入的直播媒体文件 分片总数。
进一步的, 所述在 IPTV系统的内容分发网络内部同步索引文件, 具体 是通过 IPTV系统的内容分发网络基于 http协议定期更新索引文件来实现。 进一步的,所述 IPTV系统的内容分发网络定期更新索引文件的周期小 于等于切割成的所述直播媒体文件分片长度。
进一步的, 所述将头端编码器将源视频流切割成的不同码率的直播媒 体文件分片及其对应的索引文件存入 IPTV 系统的内容分发网络的中心节 点;
所述 IPTV系统的内容分发网络基于 http协议定期更新索引文件的具体 过程包括:
边缘节点基于 http协议定期通过区域中心节点从中心节点处获取索引 文件;
或者,
区域中心节点基于 http协议定期从中心节点处获取索引文件, 并发送 到与其连接的边缘节点;
或者,
中心节点基于 http协议定期向与其连接的区域中心节点发送索引文件, 区域中心节点基于 http协议再向与其连接的边缘节点发送索 ^ I文件。
进一步的, 所述将头端编码器将源视频流切割成的不同码率的直播媒 体文件分片及其对应的索引文件存入 IPTV 系统的内容分发网络的中心节 点;
所述终端根据索引文件从 IPTV 系统的内容分发网络中获取直播媒体 文件分片, 具体包括:
终端基于 http协议向边缘节点获取索引文件, 并根据所述索引文件向 边缘节点发出获取直播媒体文件分片请求;
边缘节点查看自身内存中是否有所述索引文件对应的直播媒体文件分 片, 若有, 则基于 http协议将所述直播媒体文件分片发送给终端, 否则向 区域中心节点发出获取直播媒体文件分片请求, 获取到直播媒体文件分片 后保存在自身内存中并基于 http协议将其发送给终端;
区域中心节点查看自身内存中是否有所述索引文件对应的直播媒体文 件分片, 若有, 则基于 http协议将所述直播媒体文件分片发给边缘节点, 否则向中心节点发出获取直播媒体文件分片请求, 获取到直播媒体文件分 片后保存在自身内存中并基于 http协议将其发送给边缘节点;
中心节点基于 http协议将其保存的所述直播媒体文件分片发送给区域 中心节点。
进一步的, 该方法还包括:
所述终端根据网络吞吐量自适应调整需要获取的直播媒体文件分片的 码率;
终端向边缘节点发出的所述获取直播媒体文件分片请求中进一步包括 对直播媒体文件分片的码率的要求。
进一步的, 该方法还包括:
所述终端根据索引文件从 IPTV系统的内容分发网络中获取密钥文件。 本发明还提供一种 IPTV系统中直播 apple媒体流的装置, 包括头端编 码器、 IPTV系统的内容分发网络和终端, 其中,
头端编码器, 设置为将源视频流切割成不同码率的直播媒体文件分片, 将所述直播媒体文件分片及其对应的索引文件发送到 IPTV 系统的内容分 发网络;
IPTV系统的内容分发网络, 设置为创建 apple格式的 http协议自适应 码流直播频道, 同步索引文件并根据终端需要传输所述直播媒体文件分片; 终端,设置为当用户点播所述自适应码流直播频道时,从 IPTV系统的 内容分发网络中获得索引文件,根据索引文件从 IPTV系统的内容分发网络 中获取直播媒体文件分片。
进一步的, 所述头端编码器采用美国哈雷公司的型号为 prostream 4000 的实时多屏编码器
采用上述技术方案, 本发明至少具有下列优点:
本发明所述 IPTV系统中直播媒体流的方法和装置, 采用在 IPTV系统 中集成 apple格式的 http协议流的技术方案, 为 iphone、 ipad、 ipod touch 等苹果终端提供码率自适应的直播服务, 避免了现有 IPTV系统集成 RTSP 传输媒体文件时码率单一的缺陷。 而且, 基于本发明的技术方案, 在实际 应用中可以通过对 IPTV系统的内容分发网络规模的扩展,在基于自适应码 流调整技术保证网络播放性能的同时, 解决了大规模用户访问的问题。 附图说明
图 1 为现有的 IPTV系统的内容分发网络结构示意图;
图 2 为本发明第一实施例中所述 IPTV系统中直播 apple媒体流的方法 流程图;
图 3 为本发明所述 IPTV系统的内容分发网络结构示意图;
图 4 为本发明所述 IPTV系统的内容分发网络中各节点同步索引文件 的第一种方法流程图;
图 5 为本发明所述 IPTV系统的内容分发网络中各节点同步索引文件 的第二种方法流程图;
图 6 为本发明所述 IPTV系统的内容分发网络中各节点同步索引文件 的第三种方法流程图;
图 7 为本发明所述 IPTV系统的内容分发网络中各节点互相配合, 协 助终端逐级向上按照索引文件获取直播媒体文件分片的流程图;
图 8 为本发明第三实施例中所述 IPTV系统中直播 apple媒体流的装置 组成示意图。 具体实施方式 结合附图及较佳实施例, 对本发明进行详细说明如后。
本发明第一实施例, 一种 IPTV系统中直播 apple媒体流的方法, 如图 2所示, 包括以下具体步骤:
步骤 S101,在 IPTV系统的内容分发网络中创建 apple格式的 http协议 自适应码流直播频道。 具体是指, 为终端提供在登录 IPTV系统时能够看到 的自适应码流直播频道的链接。
步骤 S102, 头端编码器将源视频流切割成不同码率的直播媒体文件分 片, 将该直播媒体文件分片及其对应的索引文件写入到中心节点中对应的 直播频道的媒体文件夹中。 直播媒体文件分片的长度通常为 10秒。 索引文 件包括: 直播媒体文件分片的码率, 直播媒体文件分片的开始和结束时间, 以及当前中心节点中的直播媒体文件分片总数。 直播媒体文件分片的码率 与播放时的清晰度有关, 直播媒体文件分片的开始和结束时间用于指导终 端播放。
每个直播频道的媒体文件夹中还可能包括密钥文件, 用于终端对加密 的直播媒体文件分片播发时进行解密。
步骤 S103, 通过 IPTV系统的内容分发网络基于 http协议定期更新索 引文件的方式, 将索引文件同步到区域中心节点和边缘节点中。 IPTV系统 的内容分发网络定期更新索引文件的周期小于等于直播频道的媒体文件夹 中索引文件的写入周期, 直播频道的媒体文件夹中索引文件的写入周期即 为切割成的直播媒体文件分片长度。
本步中, IPTV系统的内容分发网络基于 http协议定期更新索引文件的 具体方式, 可以为以下三种情况之一:
1 )边缘节点基于 http协议定期通过区域中心节点从中心节点处获取索 引文件。 此种方式最佳。
2 ) 区域中心节点基于 http协议定期从中心节点处获取索引文件, 并发 送到与其连接的边缘节点。 此种方式较佳。
3 )中心节点基于 http协议定期向与其连接的区域中心节点发送索引文 件, 区域中心节点基于 http协议再向与其连接的边缘节点发送索引文件。 此种方式由于中心节点和区域中心节点需要查询与其连接的所有下层节 点, 比较耗费处理资源。
步骤 S104, 终端基于 http协议向边缘节点获取索引文件, 并根据所述 索引文件向边缘节点发出获取直播媒体文件分片请求, 其中包括对直播媒 体文件分片的码率的要求。
当所述索引文件中的所有直播媒体文件分片获取完毕后, 终端会向边 缘节点获取新的索引文件,因为 IPTV系统的内容分发网络定期更新索引文 件的周期小于等于直播频道的媒体文件夹中索引文件的写入周期, 所以能 够保证终端向边缘节点获取的索引文件为最新的索引文件。
步骤 S105, 边缘节点查看自身内存中是否有所述索引文件对应的直播 媒体文件分片, 若有, 则跳转步骤 S106, 否则跳转步骤 S107。
步骤 S106, 边缘节点基于 http协议将所述直播媒体文件分片发送给终 端, 跳转步骤 S113。
步骤 S107,边缘节点向区域中心节点发出获取直播媒体文件分片请求。 步骤 S108, 区域中心节点查看自身内存中是否有所述索引文件对应的 直播媒体文件分片, 若有, 则跳转步骤 S109, 否则跳转步骤 S110。
步骤 S109, 区域中心节点基于 http协议将所述直播媒体文件分片发给 边缘节点, 跳转步骤 S112。
步骤 S 110,区域中心节点向中心节点发出获取直播媒体文件分片请求, 中心节点基于 http协议将其保存的所述直播媒体文件分片发送给区域中心 节点。
步骤 Slll, 区域中心节点获取到直播媒体文件分片后保存在自身内存 中并基于 http协议将其发送给边缘节点。
步骤 S112, 边缘节点获取到直播媒体文件分片后保存在自身内存中并 基于 http协议将其发送给终端。
步骤 S113, 终端依次播放获得的所述直播媒体文件分片即 apple媒体 流, 根据网络吞吐量自适应调整需要获取的直播媒体文件分片的码率, 当 前索引文件的所有直播媒体文件分片获取完毕时, 跳转步骤 S104。
播放时终端根据网络的吞吐量自适应码率调整技术是本领域的现有技 术, 故此处不详述。
本发明第二实施例, 针对直播媒体文件分片加密的情况, 本实施介绍 一种 IPTV系统中直播 apple媒体流的方法,该方法与第一实施例大致相同, 区别仅在于, 所述终端还须通过边缘节点、 区域中心节点和中心节点逐级 向上基于 http协议按照索引文件获取密钥文件, 用于终端播放时对直播媒 体文件分片进行解密。 当然, 也可以在获取直播媒体文件分片的同时一并 获取密钥文件。
下面介绍第一实施例和第二实施例中所述 IPTV系统中直播 apple媒体 流的方法的具体实现方式。
如图 3所示,在 IPTV系统的内容分发网络的中心节点部署 HTTP服务 模块和存储模块, 在区域中心节点和边缘节点中部署 HTTP服务模块和频 道中继模块以及这两个模块共享的存储模块。 中心节点的存储模块可以为 硬盘, 区域中心节点和边缘节点中的存储模块可以为各节点的内存, 为大 规模用户提供直播服务, 并避免长期持续的生成和删除直播媒体文件分片 对各节点存储的巨大影响。
头端编码器可以选用美国哈雷公司的型号为 prostream 4000 ( PS4K )的 实时多屏编码器, 用于将源视频流切割成不同码率的直播媒体文件分片, 将直播媒体文件分片及其对应的索引文件写入到中心节点的存储模块中。
下面先介绍一下,所述 IPTV系统的内容分发网络中各节点同步索引文 件的过程, 包括以下三种情况:
1 )边缘节点定期通过区域中心节点从中心节点处获取索引文件, 如图 4所示, 包括如下具体步骤:
A1: 边缘节点的频道中继模块定期向区域中心节点的 HTTP服务模块 获取索引文件;
A2: 区域中心节点的 HTTP服务模块通知频道中继模块向中心节点的 HTTP服务模块获取索引文件;
A3: 区域中心节点频道中继模块向中心节点的 HTTP服务模块获取索 引文件;
A4: 中心节点通过 HTTP服务模块将存储模块中的索引文件发送给区 域中心节点的频道中继模块;
A5: 区域中心节点的频道中继模块将索引文件保存到存储模块后, 通 知 HTTP服务模块发送给边缘节点的频道中继模块;
A6: 区域中心节点 HTTP服务模块将索引文件发送给边缘节点的频道 中继模块, 边缘节点的频道中继模块得到索引文件后保存到存储模块。 此 种方式最佳。
2 ) 区域中心节点定期从中心节点处获取索引文件, 并发送到与其连接 的边缘节点, 如图 5所示, 包括如下具体步骤:
B1: 区域中心节点的频道中继模块定期向中心节点的 HTTP服务模块 获取索引文件;
B2: 中心节点通过 HTTP服务模块将存储模块中的索引文件发送给区 域中心节点的频道中继模块; B3: 区域中心节点的频道中继模块将索引文件保存到存储模块后, 查 找与其相连的所有边缘节点, 并通知 HTTP服务模块发送给与其相连的所 有边缘节点的频道中继模块;
B4: 区域中心节点 HTTP服务模块将索引文件发送给与其相连的所有 边缘节点的频道中继模块, 边缘节点的频道中继模块得到索引文件后保存 到存储模块。 此种方式较佳。
3 ) 中心节点定期向与其连接的区域中心节点发送索引文件, 区域中心 节点再向与其连接的边缘节点发送索引文件。 如图 6所示, 包括如下具体 步骤:
C1: 中心节点查找与其相连的所有区域中心节点, 通过 HTTP服务模 块将存储模块中的索引文件发送给与其相连的所有区域中心节点的频道中 继模块;
C2: 区域中心节点的频道中继模块将索引文件保存到存储模块后, 查 找与其相连的所有边缘节点, 并通知 HTTP服务模块发送给与其相连的所 有边缘节点的频道中继模块;
C3: 区域中心节点的 HTTP服务模块将索引文件发送给与其相连的所 有边缘节点的频道中继模块, 边缘节点的频道中继模块得到索引文件后保 存到存储模块。 此种方式由于中心节点和区域中心节点需要查询与其连接 的所有下层节点, 比较耗费处理资源。
下面介绍当终端点播自适应码流直播频道时,所述 IPTV系统的内容分 发网络中各节点互相配合, 协助终端逐级向上按照索 ^ I文件获取直播媒体 文件分片的过程, 如图 7所示, 包括如下具体步骤:
D1: 终端通过 HTTP服务模块向边缘节点获取索引文件, 终端根据索 引文件向边缘节点的 HTTP服务模块发出获取直播媒体文件分片请求, 其 中包括对直播媒体文件分片的码率的要求。 D2: 边缘节点的 HTTP服务模块查看边缘节点的存储模块中是否有索 引文件对应的直播媒体文件分片, 若有, 则直接执行 D10, 将直播媒体文 件分片发送给终端, 否则通知边缘节点的频道中继模块向区域中心节点的 HTTP服务模块发出获取直播媒体文件分片请求;
D3: 边缘节点的频道中继模块向区域中心节点的 HTTP服务模块发出 获取直播媒体文件分片请求;
D4, 区域中心节点的 HTTP服务模块查看区域中心节点的存储模块中 是否有索引文件对应的直播媒体文件分片, 若有, 则直接执行 D8, 将所述 直播媒体文件分片发给边缘节点的频道中继模块, 否则通知区域中心节点 的频道中继模块向中心节点的 HTTP服务模块发出获取直播媒体文件分片 请求;
D5: 区域中心节点的频道中继模块向中心节点的 HTTP服务模块发出 获取直播媒体文件分片请求;
D6: 中心节点的 HTTP服务模块将其存储模块中保存的直播媒体文件 分片发送给区域中心节点的频道中继模块;
D7: 区域中心节点的频道中继模块获取到直播媒体文件分片后保存在 区域中心节点的存储模块中, 并通知区域中心节点的 HTTP服务模块将其 发送给边缘节点的频道中继模块。
D8: 区域中心节点的 HTTP服务模块将直播媒体文件分片发送给边缘 节点的频道中继模块。
D9: 边缘节点的频道中继模块获取到直播媒体文件分片后保存在边缘 节点的存储模块中, 并通知边缘节点的 HTTP服务模块将其发送给终端。
D10: 边缘节点的 HTTP服务模块将直播媒体文件分片发送给终端。 终端依次播放获得的所述直播媒体文件分片即 apple媒体流,根据网络 吞吐量自适应调整需要获取的直播媒体文件分片的码率。 需要说明的是, 上述三种同步索引文件的过程以及终端逐级向上按照 索引文件获取直播媒体文件分片的过程中, 为了清楚的描述各节点之间的 传输交互过程, 图 4~图 7中未画出存储模块, 但在实际处理时如文字记载 所述, 包括各节点对其存储模块的操作。
本发明第三实施例, 一种 IPTV系统中直播 apple媒体流的装置, 如图 8所示, 包括头端编码器、 IPTV系统的内容分发网络和终端, 其中,
头端编码器, 设置为将源视频流切割成不同码率的直播媒体文件分片, 将所述直播媒体文件分片及其对应的索引文件发送到 IPTV 系统的内容分 发网络。头端编码器可以选用美国哈雷公司的型号为 prostream 4000( PS4K ) 的实时多屏编码器。
IPTV系统的内容分发网络, 设置为创建 apple格式的 http协议自适应 码流直播频道, 同步索引文件并根据终端需要传输所述直播媒体文件分片; IPTV系统的内容分发网络的具体结构如图 3所示。
终端,设置为当用户点播所述自适应码流直播频道时,从 IPTV系统的 内容分发网络中获得索引文件,根据索引文件从 IPTV系统的内容分发网络 中获取直播媒体文件分片。
采用本发明技术方案的优点如下:
终端用户的请求都在边缘节点完成, 当有新分片时, 只有第一个终端 用户的请求到来时, 区域中心和中心节点才会接受到下层节点的请求。 而 且只要开始依次接收直播媒体文件分片即直播媒体流, 后续其他终端用户 都可以随时在本边缘节点获得直播服务, 而不用等到当前直播媒体文件分 片接收完毕。 这样只要增加区域中心节点和边缘节点, 支持的用户量就可 以成倍增长。
区域中心节点和边缘节点增加频道中继模块, 频道中继模块使用内存 保存直播频道的索引文件和直播媒体文件分片、 密钥文件, 降低长期持续 的生成和删除直播媒体文件分片对各节点存储的巨大影响, 减少存储老化 和故障。
索引定期更新, 而不是向直播媒体文件分片一样, 用户请求时才下发, 避免苹果公司的 iphone终端获取到旧的索引文件。
通过具体实施方式的说明, 应当可对本发明为达成预定目的所采取的 技术手段及功效得以更加深入且具体的了解, 然而所附图示仅是提供参考 与说明之用, 并非用来对本发明加以限制。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种 IPTV系统中直播媒体流的方法, 其中, 该方法包括: 在交互式网络电视 IPTV系统的内容分发网络中创建 apple格式的超文 本传输协议 htt 协议自适应码流直播频道;
头端编码器将源视频流切割成不同码率的直播媒体文件分片, 将所述 在 IPTV系统的内容分发网络内部同步索引文件;
当终端点播所述自适应码流直播频道时 ,从 IPTV系统的内容分发网络 中获得索引文件,根据索弓 I文件从 IPTV系统的内容分发网络中获取直播媒 体文件分片。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述 IPTV系统中直播媒体流的方法, 其中, 所述 索引文件包括: 直播媒体文件分片的码率、 直播媒体文件分片的开始和结 束时间、 以及当前由头端编码器存入的直播媒体文件分片总数。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述 IPTV系统中直播媒体流的方法, 其中, 所述 在 IPTV系统的内容分发网络内部同步索引文件, 具体是通过 IPTV系统的 内容分发网络基于 http协议定期更新索引文件来实现。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述 IPTV系统中直播媒体流的方法, 其中, 所述 IPTV系统的内容分发网络定期更新索引文件的周期小于等于切割成的所述 直播媒体文件分片长度。
5、 根据权利要求 3或 4所述 IPTV系统中直播媒体流的方法, 其中, 所述头端编码器将所述直播媒体文件分片及其对应的索引文件进一步存入 IPTV系统的内容分发网络的中心节点;
所述 IPTV系统的内容分发网络基于 http协议定期更新索弓 I文件的具体 过程包括:
边缘节点基于 http协议定期通过区域中心节点从中心节点处获取索引 文件;
或者,
区域中心节点基于 http协议定期从中心节点处获取索引文件, 并发送 到与其连接的边缘节点;
或者,
中心节点基于 http协议定期向与其连接的区域中心节点发送索引文件, 区域中心节点基于 http协议再向与其连接的边缘节点发送索引文件。
6、 根据权利要求 1所述 IPTV系统中直播媒体流的方法, 其中, 所述头端编码器将所述直播媒体文件分片及其对应的索引文件进一步 存入 IPTV系统的内容分发网络的中心节点;
所述终端根据索引文件从 IPTV 系统的内容分发网络中获取直播媒体 文件分片, 具体包括:
终端基于 http协议向边缘节点获取索引文件, 并根据所述索引文件向 边缘节点发出获取直播媒体文件分片请求;
边缘节点查看自身内存中是否有所述索弓 I文件对应的直播媒体文件分 片, 若有, 则基于 http协议将所述直播媒体文件分片发送给终端, 否则向 区域中心节点发出获取直播媒体文件分片请求, 获取到直播媒体文件分片 后保存在自身内存中并基于 http协议将其发送给终端;
区域中心节点查看自身内存中是否有所述索引文件对应的直播媒体文 件分片, 若有, 则基于 http协议将所述直播媒体文件分片发给边缘节点, 否则向中心节点发出获取直播媒体文件分片请求, 获取到直播媒体文件分 片后保存在自身内存中并基于 http协议将其发送给边缘节点;
中心节点基于 http协议将其保存的所述直播媒体文件分片发送给区域 中心节点。
7、 根据权利要求 6所述 IPTV系统中直播媒体流的方法, 其中, 该方 法进一步包括:
所述终端根据网络吞吐量自适应调整需要获取的直播媒体文件分片的 码率;
终端向边缘节点发出的所述获取直播媒体文件分片请求中进一步包括 对直播媒体文件分片的码率的要求。
8、 根据权利要求 1或 2或 3或 4或 6或 7所述 IPTV系统中直播媒体 流的方法, 其中, 该方法进一步包括:
所述终端根据索弓 I文件从 IPTV系统的内容分发网络中获取密钥文件。
9、 一种 IPTV系统中直播媒体流的装置, 其中, 该装置包括头端编码 器、 IPTV系统的内容分发网络和终端, 其中,
头端编码器, 设置为将源视频流切割成不同码率的直播媒体文件分片, 将所述直播媒体文件分片及其对应的索引文件发送到 IPTV 系统的内容分 发网络;
IPTV系统的内容分发网络, 设置为创建 apple格式的 http协议自适应 码流直播频道, 同步索引文件并根据终端的需要传输所述直播媒体文件分 片;
终端, 设置为当用户点播所述自适应码流直播频道时,从 IPTV系统的 内容分发网络中获得索引文件,根据索引文件从 IPTV系统的内容分发网络 中获取直播媒体文件分片。
10、 根据权利要求 9所述 IPTV系统中直播媒体流的装置, 其中, 所述 头端编码器采用美国哈雷公司的型号为 prostream 4000的实时多屏编码器。
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