WO2012090691A1 - アクリロニトリルの精製方法 - Google Patents
アクリロニトリルの精製方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012090691A1 WO2012090691A1 PCT/JP2011/078708 JP2011078708W WO2012090691A1 WO 2012090691 A1 WO2012090691 A1 WO 2012090691A1 JP 2011078708 W JP2011078708 W JP 2011078708W WO 2012090691 A1 WO2012090691 A1 WO 2012090691A1
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- temperature
- condenser
- acrylonitrile
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- hydrogen cyanide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B63/00—Purification; Separation; Stabilisation; Use of additives
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
- B01D3/42—Regulation; Control
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
- B01D3/42—Regulation; Control
- B01D3/4211—Regulation; Control of columns
- B01D3/4216—Head stream
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B61/00—Other general methods
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C253/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles
- C07C253/32—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
- C07C253/34—Separation; Purification
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C255/00—Carboxylic acid nitriles
- C07C255/01—Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C255/06—Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic and unsaturated carbon skeleton
- C07C255/07—Mononitriles
- C07C255/08—Acrylonitrile; Methacrylonitrile
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for purifying acrylonitrile including a step of distilling a solution containing acrylonitrile, hydrogen cyanide and water.
- reaction product gas containing acrylonitrile, acetonitrile and hydrogen cyanide is cooled in a quenching tower and unreacted.
- the ammonia is neutralized and removed with sulfuric acid.
- the reaction product gas is sent to an absorption tower to absorb acrylonitrile, acetonitrile and hydrogen cyanide in water.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method of suppressing the polymerization of acrylonitrile and hydrogen cyanide by adding an acid and hydroquinone to a dehydride dehydration tower in the purification of acrylonitrile.
- a solution containing acrylonitrile, hydrogen cyanide and water is distilled, a vapor containing hydrogen cyanide is distilled from the top of the tower, and a solution containing acrylonitrile is withdrawn from the bottom of the tower.
- the gas containing hydrogen cyanide distilled from the top of the column is cooled and fractionated by a condenser, and the hydrogen cyanide with less impurities that has not been condensed is used as a raw material for the hydrogen cyanide derivative. It is preferred to keep the acrylonitrile concentration low.
- the acrylonitrile concentration in the hydrogen cyanide gas distilled from the top of the column is not stable, and the acrylonitrile concentration in the hydrogen cyanide gas is regulated.
- the phenomenon of rising above the value is often seen.
- this phenomenon occurs, not only does the quality of the hydrogen cyanide derivative raw material become stable, but also the quality of the acrylonitrile product becomes unstable, and further, it becomes a factor in the polymerization of acrylonitrile and hydrogen cyanide in the dehydride dehydration tower.
- increasing the yield of the product acrylonitrile has, of course, received much interest and consideration.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for stabilizing product quality in an acrylonitrile manufacturing process.
- the present inventor controls the temperature of the outlet fluid of the condenser connected to the distillation column to be constant in the step of distilling the solution containing acrylonitrile, hydrogen cyanide and water in the process of producing acrylonitrile, The inventors have found that the product quality can be stabilized and the process load can be reduced, and the present invention has been completed.
- the present invention is as follows.
- a method for purifying acrylonitrile comprising a step of distilling a solution containing acrylonitrile, hydrogen cyanide and water using a distillation column having a condenser connected to the top of the column, Maintaining the temperature of the outlet fluid of the condenser constant.
- Separating acrylonitrile and hydrogen cyanide in the condenser The method for purifying acrylonitrile according to the above [1], wherein the temperature of the reflux liquid and / or hydrogen cyanide gas distilled from the condenser is maintained constant.
- a regulating valve is provided in a pipe for supplying the refrigerant to the condenser and / or a pipe for discharging the refrigerant, and the condenser is provided with a thermometer for measuring the temperature of the outlet fluid,
- the target temperature of the outlet fluid of the condenser is set, and when the temperature of the outlet fluid of the condenser is higher than the target temperature, the supply amount of the refrigerant is increased by adjusting the opening of the adjustment valve, and the condensation
- the purification method according to the above [1] or [2], wherein when the temperature of the outlet fluid of the vessel is lower than the target temperature, the supply amount of the refrigerant is decreased by adjusting the opening of the regulating valve.
- a distillation tower A condenser connected to the distillation column and provided with a refrigerant supply pipe and a discharge pipe;
- a distillation apparatus comprising: An adjustment valve for adjusting the supply amount of the refrigerant is attached to the supply pipe and / or the discharge pipe, A thermometer is provided at the outlet of the condenser, The thermometer is connected to the regulating valve via a temperature controller, The temperature measured by the thermometer is transmitted to the temperature controller, When the temperature is higher than the target temperature, the amount of refrigerant supplied is increased by adjusting the opening of the adjusting valve, and when the temperature is lower than the target temperature, the opening of the adjusting valve is adjusted. An instruction is sent from the temperature controller to the control valve so that the supply amount of the refrigerant is reduced.
- a high-quality product can be stably obtained over a long period of time in the acrylonitrile manufacturing process.
- the purification method of acrylonitrile of this embodiment is: A method for purifying acrylonitrile comprising a step of distilling a solution containing acrylonitrile, hydrogen cyanide and water using a distillation column having a condenser connected to the top of the column, The method includes the step of maintaining a constant temperature of the outlet fluid of the condenser.
- a distillation tower A condenser connected to the distillation column and provided with a refrigerant supply pipe and a discharge pipe;
- a distillation apparatus comprising: An adjustment valve for adjusting the supply amount of the refrigerant is attached to the supply pipe and / or the discharge pipe, A thermometer is provided at the outlet of the condenser, The thermometer is connected to the regulating valve via a temperature controller, The temperature measured by the thermometer is transmitted to the temperature controller, When the temperature is higher than the target temperature, the amount of refrigerant supplied is increased by adjusting the opening of the adjusting valve, and when the temperature is lower than the target temperature, the opening of the adjusting valve is adjusted. An instruction is sent from the temperature controller to the control valve so that the supply amount of the refrigerant is reduced.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram conceptually showing an example of an acrylonitrile production process.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram conceptually showing an example of a dehydrating acid dehydration tower and equipment connected thereto in the acrylonitrile production process.
- the “distillation tower” in the present embodiment will be described as a “debleaching acid dehydration tower”.
- the “distillation tower” is not limited to the “debleaching acid dehydration tower”, and may be any tower capable of performing distillation. Are all included in the range of the “distillation tower” of the present embodiment.
- High-boiling substances, catalysts, and ammonium sulfate are extracted from the process system through line 7 at the bottom of quenching tower 6.
- a gas taken out from the upper part of the quenching tower 6 is introduced into the absorption tower 9 through a line 8.
- the water extracted from the recovery tower 12 is supplied to the top of the absorption tower 9 from the line 14 as absorption water, and acrylonitrile, acetonitrile and hydrogen cyanide in the reaction product gas are absorbed by water.
- unabsorbed propylene, propane, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, etc., and a small amount of organic matter, etc. are obtained from the line 11 at the top of the absorption tower. Extract.
- the liquid at the bottom of the absorption tower 9 is supplied from the line 10 to the recovery tower 12. Extracted water is introduced from the line 15 to the top of the recovery tower 12, and acetonitrile is extracted and separated by extractive distillation. Acetonitrile is extracted from the line 16 to the outside of the process system. Most of the water is extracted from the line 13 to the outside of the process system. From the top of the recovery tower, acrylonitrile, hydrogen cyanide and water are distilled off by a line 17 and condensed by a condenser not shown, and then separated into two layers of an organic layer and an aqueous layer by a decanter not shown.
- An organic layer containing acrylonitrile, hydrogen cyanide and a small amount of water is supplied to the dehydride dehydration tower 18.
- the aqueous layer is preferably recycled to the previous step. Specifically, the aqueous layer is joined to the line 10 and used as a recovery tower supply liquid, or joined to the line 15 and used as extraction water or the like.
- Vapor (gas) containing hydrogen cyanide is distilled from line 19 from the top of dehydrating acid dehydration tower 18 and sent to condenser 20 for cooling and partial condensation.
- a liquid containing condensed hydrogen cyanide is refluxed to the top of the tower as a reflux liquid through line 22, and crude hydrogen cyanide gas with little impurities that has not been condensed is extracted out of the system from line 21.
- the crude hydrogen cyanide gas is purified by a distillation column (not shown) as necessary and used as a raw material for the hydrogen cyanide derivative.
- the condenser 20 is preferably a vertical type, and acetic acid is sprayed on the upper tube sheet to suppress hydrogen cyanide polymerization.
- water or an aqueous methanol solution having a supply temperature of 0 to 35 ° C., preferably 3 to 30 ° C. is used.
- the liquid in the tower is extracted from the chimney tray B in the middle stage of the dehydrating acid dehydration tower 18 by the line 23, cooled by cooling water by the side cut cooler 23b, supplied to the decanter 23d by the line 23c, and the organic layer and the water layer by the decanter 23d. Separate into two layers.
- the “middle stage” indicates a portion below the tower top and above the tower bottom, and in the case of a multistage distillation tower, indicates one stage between the tower bottom and the tower top.
- the line 23 is preferable to set the line 23 to 20 to 30 stages, usually counted from the bottom of the tower, from the viewpoint of efficiently separating water from the crude acrylonitrile.
- the refrigerant 23a the same refrigerant as the refrigerant 20a can be used.
- the amount of heat removed by the side cut cooler 23b is adjusted with reference to a thermometer (not shown) for measuring the temperature of the liquid installed in the decanter 23d.
- the liquid temperature in the decanter is preferably controlled to be constant in the range of 20 to 40 ° C.
- the aqueous layer in the decanter is recycled to a pre-process such as the recovery tower 12 through the line 23f.
- the organic layer in the decanter is returned to the lower stage by the line 23e from the stage from which the liquid in the tower is extracted. This organic layer may be preheated back.
- the heat necessary for distillation is supplied from the reboiler 24a through the line 24c.
- As the heat medium 24b steam or high-temperature process water taken out from the tower bottom (lines 14 and 15) and / or the tower bottom (line 13) of the recovery tower 12 is used.
- the amount of heat given to the distillation column by the reboiler 24a is preferably 180 ⁇ 10 3 to 260 ⁇ 10 3 kcal / h / t-acrylonitrile, and preferably 190 ⁇ 10 3 from the viewpoint of efficiently separating and recovering acrylonitrile in the deblue acid dehydration column 18. ⁇ 230 ⁇ 10 3 kcal / h / t-acrylonitrile is more preferred.
- the mass of acrylonitrile is the mass (t) of acrylonitrile obtained as a product from the product tower, and the above-mentioned numerical value represents the calorie per unit mass of acrylonitrile. Can do.
- Crude acrylonitrile is extracted from the bottom of the dehydration acid dehydration tower 18 through the line 24 and sent to the product tower 25. A part of the column bottom liquid extracted by the line 24 is supplied to the reboiler 24a.
- the product column 25 is a plate distillation column operated under a pressure lower than atmospheric pressure.
- the distillate vapor from the product column 25 is withdrawn through a line 26 and sent to a condenser 30 for condensation.
- the condensed liquid is refluxed to the product column 25 through the line 31, and a part of the liquid is extracted through the line 29.
- the column bottom liquid containing the high boiling point substance is extracted from the line 28.
- acrylonitrile is obtained as a product from line 27.
- the amount of acrylonitrile produced may be increased or decreased due to production plans, even during normal operation.
- the amount of the solution fed to the dehydrating acid dehydration tower 18 is increased or decreased, and it becomes necessary to adjust the operating conditions of the distillation apparatus.
- the “distillation apparatus” is a concept including ancillary equipment of a distillation column such as a reboiler and a condenser. A part of the solution is extracted from the middle stage of the distillation column, and the middle stage extracted liquid is cooled.
- a cooler and / or oil-water separator is also included in the distillation apparatus.
- the dehydrating acid dehydration tower 18 is preferably a tray distillation tower operated under normal pressure, and the number of shelves is preferably 50 to 65. Examples of shelves to be used include, but are not limited to, a sheave tray and a dual flow tray.
- the feed liquid to the dehydrating acid dehydration tower is supplied to the feed stage A from the line 17.
- the position of the feed stage A is the upper part of the chimney tray B, preferably the upper part of the 10th to 25th stages of the chimney tray B.
- the feed liquid is supplied, the vapor rises in the column, and the vapor containing hydrogen cyanide is distilled from the line 19 from the top of the column.
- the distillate vapor is sent to the condenser 20 and cooled to be condensed.
- the condenser 20 is a partial condenser that does not fully condense the distillate vapor but condense only a part thereof.
- the liquid containing condensed hydrogen cyanide is refluxed as a reflux liquid to the uppermost stage of the tower through line 22, and hydrogen cyanide gas with little impurities that has not been condensed is extracted from line 21 to the outside of the system.
- the mass of the hydrogen cyanide gas that does not condense is approximately equal to the mass of hydrogen cyanide supplied from the line 17 to the dehydrating acid dehydration tower 18. That is, the hydrogen cyanide supplied to the dehydrocyanation dehydration tower 18 is separated from the crude acrylonitrile, and almost the entire amount is extracted from the condenser 20. Next, the reflux liquid flowing down in the column comes into contact with the vapor rising in the column, and distillation purification is performed.
- the temperature of the outlet fluid of the condenser 20 is kept constant.
- the “exit fluid” means reflux liquid and / or hydrogen cyanide gas
- the reflux liquid means liquid returned from the condenser 20 to the inside of the tower
- the hydrogen cyanide gas is extracted from the condenser 20 to the outside of the system. Indicates the gas to be released.
- “maintaining the temperature constant” means that the temperature of the outlet fluid is the target temperature or the target temperature range in addition to maintaining the temperature within the target temperature or the target temperature range (within the temperature range ⁇ 2 ° C.).
- a mode in which the temperature is maintained in a temperature range that is not inferior to distillation maintained at the target temperature or the target temperature range for distillation separation is included.
- “Temperature range that is comparable to distillation maintained at the target temperature or target temperature range for distillation separation” can be determined by searching for a temperature that can achieve the following separation specifications.
- the target temperature is preferably set at a specific temperature, but in practice, even if the temperature of the outlet fluid deviates from the target temperature, an acceptable temperature that is comparable to distillation at the target temperature in distillation separation.
- the values are called the upper limit value and the lower limit value, respectively, and when setting the upper limit value and the lower limit value of the outlet fluid temperature of the condenser, the temperature of the outlet fluid is not less than the lower limit value and not more than the upper limit value.
- the supply amount of the refrigerant can be adjusted by the adjustment valve so as to change by For example, when the upper limit value is the target temperature + 2 ° C.
- the “target temperature” is an optimum temperature derived from an acrylonitrile distillation experiment in a laboratory and / or an experiment on temperature dependence of distillation separation performance using a commercial scale distillation apparatus.
- the key substance is a substance that serves as a guideline for carrying out distillation separation, and generally refers to a trace amount of impurities. If a large amount of the substance is mixed, it is not preferable for purification. It is preferable that a specification of the key substance concentration is determined, and this is used as a separation specification and used for operation management of the distillation column.
- thermometer 22b The temperature of the outlet fluid of the condenser is measured with a thermometer 22b.
- the temperature of the hydrogen cyanide gas is measured, but the temperature of the reflux liquid may be measured instead of the hydrogen cyanide gas or together with the hydrogen cyanide gas because the temperature of the gas and the liquid after the partial reduction is the same. Absent.
- the thermometer 22b is connected to the flow rate control valve 20b of the refrigerant 20a provided in the pipe for discharging the refrigerant via the temperature controller 22a, and the temperature of the outlet fluid is changed to the temperature controller 22a by the thermometer 22b.
- the regulating valve 20b When the temperature of the outlet fluid is higher than the target temperature by the temperature controller 22a, the regulating valve 20b is opened, and when the temperature of the outlet fluid is lower than the target temperature, the regulating valve 20b is closed.
- the temperature of the outlet fluid of the condenser 20 is kept constant by changing the supply amount of the refrigerant 20a by the control valve 20b.
- the target temperature of the outlet fluid of the condenser is 26 to 40 from the viewpoint of lowering the acrylonitrile concentration in the distillate vapor and increasing the hydrogen cyanide purity, lowering the hydrogen cyanide concentration in the bottom liquid and increasing the acrylonitrile purity, and from the viewpoint of energy load. ° C is preferred, and 27 to 35 ° C is more preferred.
- the temperature of the outlet fluid is higher than the target temperature, as a result of countercurrent contact between the reflux liquid flowing down the column and the vapor rising in the column, the concentration of acrylonitrile in the distillate vapor increases, leading to loss of acrylonitrile. Since the purity of the hydrogen cyanide to be discharged is lowered, the quality of the hydrogen cyanide derivative is adversely affected.
- the concentration of hydrogen cyanide in the column bottom liquid rises and cannot be sufficiently removed by the downstream product column, and the acrylonitrile product may become an off-spec product.
- the efficiency of distillation purification performed by countercurrent contact between the reflux liquid flowing down the tower and the vapor rising in the tower is increased.
- the separability of hydrogen cyanide from the condenser 20 can be improved.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing another example of the dehydration acid dehydration tower 18 and equipment connected thereto. Since the flow rate adjusting valve 20b 'for connecting the supply pipe and the discharge pipe for the refrigerant 20a of the condenser is substantially the same as the example shown in FIG. 2, only the differences will be described. When the control valve 20b 'is opened, a part of the refrigerant 20a flows from the supply pipe to the discharge pipe without passing through the condenser, so that the supply amount of the refrigerant 20a is reduced by opening the control valve 20b'.
- the thermometer 22b is connected to the flow rate control valves 20b and 20b ′ via the temperature controller 22a, the temperature of the outlet fluid of the condenser is transmitted to the temperature controller 22a, and the temperature of the outlet fluid is higher than the target temperature. Is higher, the regulating valve 20b is opened and / or the regulating valve 20b ′ is closed to increase the supply amount of the refrigerant 20a. When the temperature of the outlet fluid is lower than the target temperature, the regulating valve 20b is closed and / or the regulating valve 20b 'is opened to reduce the supply amount of the refrigerant 20a, and keep the temperature of the outlet fluid constant.
- both the flow rate control valves 20b and 20b ′ are operated by a command from the temperature controller 22a, but the function of “maintaining the temperature of the condenser outlet fluid is constant” is provided.
- both do not need to be opened and closed by the temperature controller 22a only the flow control valve 20b may be opened and closed by the temperature controller 22a, and the flow control valve 20b ′ may be manually operated.
- the opening of the control valve 20b ′ is kept constant, and the temperature of the outlet fluid of the condenser is kept constant by operating the control valve 20b in the same manner as in the example shown in FIG. To do.
- acrylonitrile is used as the key material at the top of the column and hydrogen cyanide and water as the key material at the bottom.
- Hydrogen cyanide is also one of commercially available products and is used in various hydrogen cyanide derivatives.
- methacrylic acid obtained by the acetone cyanohydrin (ACH) method is used.
- Undesirable coloring such as methyl acid (MMA) can be prevented.
- acrylonitrile is distilled from the top of the column, it is possible to increase the purity of hydrogen cyanide by further separation by distillation or the like.
- separation equipment such as distillation equipment
- acrylonitrile-containing wastewater discharged from this equipment Processing equipment is also an essential requirement. Therefore, considering the use of hydrogen cyanide, it is preferable to keep the concentration of acrylonitrile in the hydrogen cyanide distilled from the top of the column low.
- the acrylonitrile concentration in the hydrogen cyanide distilled from the top of the column is preferably 1000 ppm or less, more preferably 700 ppm or less, and even more preferably 500 ppm or less.
- the hydrogen cyanide concentration in acrylonitrile extracted from the column bottom is preferably 100 ppm or less, more preferably 70 ppm or less, and further preferably 50 ppm or less.
- the desired separation specifications are achieved by controlling the temperatures measured at various points in the distillation column, for example, at the top and bottom of the column, to be the target temperatures.
- the purification of acrylonitrile when a solution containing acrylonitrile, hydrogen cyanide, and water is distilled (distillation using a so-called debranching acid dehydration tower), it is distilled from the top of the tower even if the top temperature is maintained at the target temperature.
- concentration of acrylonitrile in the hydrogen cyanide gas is not stable and the concentration of acrylonitrile in the hydrogen cyanide gas rises above the separation specification.
- the present inventor has found that the above phenomenon is caused by a significant change in the hydrogen cyanide concentration and the acrylonitrile concentration in the upper part of the dehydride dehydration tower, particularly in the upper part of the feed stage.
- the fraction from the top of the column is a mixture of hydrogen cyanide and acrylonitrile having different latent heats of condensation and specific heat
- the amount of heat removal required for the condenser to condense this fraction depends on the mixing ratio.
- the heat removal amount required in the condenser is dominated by the heat amount accompanying the phase change from steam to liquid, that is, the heat of condensation.
- the column top temperature does not necessarily reflect the amount of heat removal necessary for condensation.
- the amount of heat removal is appropriately adjusted.
- the tower top temperature rises without being set, and as a result, the concentration of acrylonitrile at the top of the tower rises and the proportion of distillation from the tower top rises.
- the temperature of the outlet fluid of the condenser is the gas temperature after the condensed liquid of acrylonitrile condensed from the distillate vapor or the condensed acrylonitrile is separated from the hydrogen cyanide gas, and is influenced by the composition change. I hardly receive it.
- the condensation latent heat of the fraction that is a mixture increases.
- the temperature will rise.
- the amount of heat removal should be determined so as to maintain this constant. Can be said to be an appropriate control that can be fed back to the amount of heat removal by reflecting not only the temperature of the fraction but also the effect of the composition.
- the temperature of the outlet fluid is faster in response than the temperature in the tower where gas-liquid contact is performed, and is suitable for management. Therefore, by setting an appropriate target temperature and controlling it according to the temperature of the outlet fluid, it is easy to operate the condenser with good responsiveness so that the acrylonitrile concentration in the hydrogen cyanide gas extracted from the condenser becomes the separation specification at the top of the column. Can be maintained. Furthermore, because of the mass balance, substantially all of the hydrogen cyanide supplied to the dehydride dehydration tower is withdrawn from the condenser, so that sufficient separation of hydrogen cyanide from the crude acrylonitrile is achieved, and the concentration of hydrogen cyanide at the bottom of the tower is reduced. Can be kept within the separation spec. That is, by maintaining the temperature of the outlet fluid of the condenser, not the temperature at the top of the column, it is possible to satisfy the separation specifications of the top and the bottom of the column.
- the reboiler heating amount and the condenser heat removal amount are repeated in parallel, but in the final adjustment stage, the reboiler heating amount and the condenser heat removal amount are referred to as If the two heat quantity variables are increased or decreased at a time, it becomes difficult to operate the distillation column stably. Therefore, from the viewpoint of stably operating the distillation column, the reboiler is given a constant heating amount in the range of 180 ⁇ 10 3 to 260 ⁇ 10 3 kcal / h / t-acrylonitrile, and the heat removal amount of the condenser is increased or decreased.
- the amount of acrylonitrile produced may be increased or decreased due to production plans, even during normal operation.
- the amount of the solution fed to the dehydrating acid dehydration tower 18 is increased or decreased.
- the amount of product produced according to the change in the mass of the feed liquid and the amount of heat applied to the reboiler from the above-described reboiler calorific value (hereinafter referred to as “reboiler heating amount”) are adjusted and changed.
- the reboiler heating amount is increased or decreased, the amount of steam inside the distillation column changes.
- acrylonitrile may be cooked in the upper part of the tower and the proportion of distilling in the crude hydrogen cyanide may be increased.
- hydrogen cyanide may fall to the lower part of the tower, and the ratio existing in the bottom extract may rise. All of these adversely affect the purity of the product (acrylonitrile, hydrogen cyanide derivative). In order to prevent these, it is required to appropriately adjust the distillation column according to the amount of increase / decrease in the reboiler heating amount, and this is performed by the method in the present embodiment described above.
- the present embodiment will be described in more detail with reference to examples.
- the acrylonitrile manufacturing process in an Example is the same as that of what was shown in FIG.
- the dehydrating acid dehydration tower in the examples is the same as that shown in FIG.
- Analysis of acrylonitrile was performed by gas chromatography using the following apparatus and conditions. In the gas chromatography, Shimadzu GC-17A was used as an apparatus, and TC-FFAP 60 m ⁇ 0.32 film thickness 0.25 ⁇ m was used as a column. The detector used was FID and the carrier gas used helium.
- the column temperature conditions were as follows.
- Hydrogen cyanide and water were analyzed by silver nitrate titration method and Karl Fischer method, respectively.
- Flow meter Differential pressure type flow meter (orifice type) Manufacturer: Yokogawa, Product Name: Differential Pressure Transmitter DP harp EJX Thermometer: Resistance thermometer Manufacturer: OKAZAKI, Product name: Resistance Thermometer + Temperature Transmitter
- Example 1 Propylene, ammonia and air were supplied to a vertical cylindrical fluidized bed reactor 1 having an inner diameter of 8 m and a length of 20 m, and propylene ammoxidation reaction was carried out as follows.
- the fluidized bed reactor 1 had a raw material gas dispersion pipe, a dispersion plate, a heat removal pipe, and a cyclone inside.
- the dehydrating acid dehydration tower 18 comprises 55 sheave trays, has a supply stage at the 37th stage counted from the bottom of the tower, has a line 23 for extracting a side cut flow at the 24th stage, a side cut cooler 23b, and a decanter 23d.
- the line 23e for returning the organic layer in the decanter was provided on the 23rd stage.
- a molybdenum-bismuth-iron-based supported catalyst having a particle size of 10 to 100 ⁇ m and an average particle size of 55 ⁇ m was used and packed so as to have a stationary bed height of 2.7 m.
- Air was 56000Nm 3 / h supplied from the air distribution plate, propylene 6200Nm 3 / h and ammonia from a raw material gas dispersion tube was 6600Nm 3 / h feed.
- the reaction temperature was controlled with a heat removal tube so as to be 440 ° C.
- the pressure was 0.70 kg / cm 2 G.
- the reaction product gas was introduced into the quenching tower 6 and brought into countercurrent contact with water, and unreacted ammonia was neutralized and removed with sulfuric acid.
- the gas flowing out of the quenching tower 6 was introduced into the absorption tower 9 from the line 8. Absorbed water was introduced from the line 14 at the top of the absorption tower 9 and brought into countercurrent contact with the gas, so that acrylonitrile, acetonitrile and hydrogen cyanide in the gas were absorbed into water.
- the amount of absorbed water was adjusted so that the acrylonitrile concentration in the gas discharged from the top of the absorption tower was 100 volppm.
- the gas that was not absorbed was taken out from the absorption tower top line 11 and incinerated.
- the absorption tower bottom liquid was preheated to 80 ° C. and supplied to the recovery tower 12. Acetonitrile and most of the water were separated in the recovery tower 12, and acrylonitrile, hydrogen cyanide and water were distilled from the tower top line 17.
- the distillate vapor is condensed, an organic layer and an aqueous layer are formed by a recovery tower decanter (not shown), the aqueous layer is recycled to the supply line 10 of the recovery tower 12, and the organic layer is supplied to the dehydride dehydration tower 18. .
- the mass and temperature of the feed liquid to the dehydrating acid dehydration tower 18 were measured by a flow meter and a thermometer (not shown) installed in the line 17.
- the measured values were 13595 kg / h and 35.0 ° C., respectively.
- Crude hydrogen cyanide gas was extracted from the top line 19 of the dehydrating acid dehydration tower 18 and sent to the condenser 20, where it was cooled and fractionated.
- the refrigerant 20a used in the condenser 20 was 6 ° C. water.
- a liquid containing condensed hydrogen cyanide was refluxed as a reflux liquid to the top of the column, and hydrogen cyanide gas with little impurities that was not condensed was extracted from the line 21 to the outside of the system.
- the temperature of the outlet fluid (hydrogen cyanide gas) of the condenser is measured by a thermometer 22b attached to the lower part of the condenser, and the flow rate of the refrigerant 20a is passed through the temperature controller 22a so that the target temperature is 29 ° C.
- the control valve 20b was controlled.
- the liquid in the tower was extracted from the 24th stage of the dehydration acid dehydration tower 18 and cooled by the side cut cooler 23b.
- the refrigerant 23a used for the side cut cooler 23b was 25 ° C. water.
- the heat removal amount Q3 of the side cut cooler was adjusted by the flow rate of the refrigerant 23a so that the liquid temperature of the decanter 23d was 30 ° C.
- the side stream extracted from the tower was separated into two layers of an organic layer and an aqueous layer by a decanter 23d, and the aqueous layer was extracted through a line 23f and recycled to the supply liquid of the recovery tower 12.
- the organic layer was returned to the 23rd stage of the tower by line 23e. 110 ° C. process water extracted from the lower part of the recovery tower 12 was used as a heat source for the reboiler 24a.
- the amount of heat Q1 applied was 200 ⁇ 10 3 kcal / h / t-acrylonitrile, and the mass of acrylonitrile obtained as a product in the product tower 25 was 11.5 t per hour, so 2300 ⁇ 10 3 kcal / h
- the flow rate of the process water 24b leading to the reboiler 24a was adjusted.
- Crude acrylonitrile was extracted from the tower bottom line 24 and sent to the product tower 25.
- the bottom extract liquid was measured for mass by a flow meter (not shown) installed in the line 24, and the measured value was 11585 kg / h.
- the temperature of the liquid extracted from the bottom of the tower was 86 ° C., which was the same as the liquid temperature at the bottom of the dehydration acid dehydration tower 18.
- the above operation was continued for about 6 months when the acrylonitrile production amount was 11.5 ⁇ 0.2 t / h.
- the temperature of the outlet fluid of the condenser was 29 ⁇ 0.3 ° C.
- the dehydrating acid dehydration tower can be operated stably.
- the concentration of acrylonitrile in hydrogen cyanide distilled from the top of the dehydrating acid dehydration tower is 300 ⁇ 20 ppm
- the concentration of hydrogen cyanide in acrylonitrile extracted from the bottom of the tower is 40 ⁇ 10 ppm. Met.
- the concentration of hydrogen cyanide in the acrylonitrile product was 5 ppm or less, and a high-quality acrylonitrile product was stably obtained. Moreover, the purity of the crude hydrogen cyanide was stable, and there was no problem with the quality of the hydrogen cyanide derivative.
- Example 2 Acrylonitrile was produced using the same equipment and method as in Example 1 except that the production amount of acrylonitrile was increased to 12.7 t / h by changing the production plan.
- the reboiler heat was increased to 2540 ⁇ 10 3 kcal / h.
- the flow rate adjustment valve 20b of the refrigerant 20a was controlled via the temperature controller 22a so that the temperature of the outlet fluid of the condenser 20 was 29 ° C.
- Each temperature in the dehydrating acid dehydration tower 18 and the temperature of the decanter 23d were substantially the same as those in Example 1. The above operation was continued for about 3 months when the acrylonitrile production amount was 12.7 ⁇ 0.2 t / h.
- the temperature in the temperature control stage was 29 ⁇ 0.3 ° C.
- the dehydrating acid dehydration tower 18 can be operated stably.
- the concentration of acrylonitrile in hydrogen cyanide distilled from the top of the dehydrating acid dehydration tower is 300 ⁇ 20 ppm, and the concentration of hydrogen cyanide in acrylonitrile extracted from the bottom of the tower is 40 ⁇ . It was 10 ppm.
- the concentration of hydrogen cyanide in the acrylonitrile product was 5 ppm or less, and a high-quality acrylonitrile product was stably obtained.
- the purity of the crude hydrogen cyanide was stable, and there was no problem with the quality of the hydrogen cyanide derivative.
- Example 3 Propane, ammonia and air were supplied to the same fluidized bed reactor 1 as in Example 1, and propane ammoxidation reaction was performed as follows.
- the fluidized bed catalyst was a molybdenum-vanadium-based supported catalyst having a particle size of 10 to 100 ⁇ m and an average particle size of 55 ⁇ m, and packed so that the stationary bed height was 2.2 m.
- Air was 64500Nm 3 / h supplied from the air distribution plate, propane 4300Nm 3 / h and ammonia from a raw material gas dispersion tube was 4300Nm 3 / h feed.
- the reaction temperature was controlled with a heat removal tube so as to be 440 ° C.
- the pressure was 0.75 kg / cm 2 G.
- the reaction product gas was introduced into the quenching tower 6 and brought into countercurrent contact with water. Further, unreacted ammonia was neutralized and removed with sulfuric acid.
- the gas taken out from the quenching tower 6 was introduced into the absorption tower 9 from the line 8. Absorbed water was introduced from the top line 14 and brought into countercurrent contact with the gas to absorb acrylonitrile, acetonitrile and hydrogen cyanide in the gas into the water. Unabsorbed gas was taken out from the absorption tower top line 11 and incinerated. The amount of absorbed water was adjusted so that the acrylonitrile concentration in the gas taken out from the top of the absorption tower was 100 volppm. The absorption tower bottom liquid was preheated and supplied to the recovery tower 12.
- Acetonitrile and most of the water were separated in the recovery tower, and acrylonitrile, hydrogen cyanide and water were distilled from the top line 17.
- the distillate vapor was condensed to form an organic layer and an aqueous layer, the aqueous layer was recycled to the supply line 10 of the recovery tower, and the organic layer was supplied to the dehydrating acid dehydration tower 18.
- the mass and temperature of the feed liquid to the dehydrating acid dehydration tower 18 were measured by a flow meter and a thermometer (not shown) installed in the line 17. The measured values were 6219 kg / h and 35.0 ° C., respectively.
- Crude hydrogen cyanide gas was extracted from the top line 19 of the dehydrating acid dehydration tower 18 and sent to the condenser 20, where it was cooled and fractionated.
- the refrigerant 20a used in the condenser 20 was 6 ° C. water.
- a liquid containing condensed hydrogen cyanide was refluxed as a reflux liquid to the top of the column, and hydrogen cyanide gas with little impurities that was not condensed was extracted from the line 21 to the outside of the system.
- the temperature of the outlet fluid (hydrogen cyanide gas) of the condenser is measured by a thermometer 22b attached to the lower part of the condenser, and the flow rate of the refrigerant 20a is passed through the temperature controller 22a so that the target temperature is 29 ° C.
- the control valve 20b was controlled.
- the liquid in the tower was extracted from the 24th stage of the dehydration acid dehydration tower 18 and cooled by the side cut cooler 23b.
- the refrigerant 23a used for the side cut cooler 23b was 25 ° C. water.
- the heat removal amount Q3 of the side cut cooler was adjusted by the flow rate of the refrigerant 23a so that the liquid temperature of the decanter 23d was 30 ° C.
- the side stream extracted from the tower was separated into two layers of an organic layer and an aqueous layer by a decanter 23d.
- the organic layer was returned to the 23rd stage of the tower by line 23e.
- Process water at 110 ° C. extracted from the lower part of the recovery tower 12 was used as a heat source for the reboiler 24a.
- the amount of heat Q1 applied was 250 ⁇ 10 3 kcal / h / t-acrylonitrile, and the mass of acrylonitrile obtained as a product in the product tower 25 was 5.22 t per hour, so 1305 ⁇ 10 3 kcal / h
- the flow rate of the process water 24b leading to the reboiler 24a was adjusted.
- Crude acrylonitrile was extracted from the tower bottom line 24 and supplied to the product tower 25.
- the tower bottom extract was measured for mass by a flow meter (not shown) installed in the line 24, and the measured value was 5312 kg / h.
- the temperature of the liquid extracted from the bottom of the tower was 86 ° C., which was the same as the liquid temperature at the bottom of the dehydrating acid dehydrating tower 18.
- the above operation was continued for about 4 months when the acrylonitrile production amount was 5.22 ⁇ 0.17 t / h. During this time, the temperature in the temperature control stage was 29 ⁇ 0.4 ° C.
- the dehydrating acid dehydration tower can be operated stably, During this time, the acrylonitrile concentration in the hydrogen cyanide distilled from the top of the dehydride dehydration tower was 300 ⁇ 20 ppm, and the hydrogen cyanide concentration in the acrylonitrile extracted from the tower bottom was 40 ⁇ 10 ppm. During this time, the hydrogen cyanide concentration in the acrylonitrile product was 5 ppm, and high-quality acrylonitrile product could be obtained stably. Moreover, the purity of the crude hydrogen cyanide was stable, and there was no problem with the quality of the hydrogen cyanide derivative.
- Example 1 is the same as Example 1 except that the temperature control of the outlet fluid of the condenser of the dehydrating acid dehydration tower is not performed, the uppermost stage of the dehydrating acid dehydration tower is a temperature control stage, and the temperature of the stage is 30 ° C.
- An ammoxidation reaction of propylene was carried out with the same equipment and method to produce acrylonitrile for 3 months. During this time, the temperature in the temperature control stage was not changed at 30 ° C., but one month after the start of production, the concentration of acrylonitrile in hydrogen cyanide distilled from the top of the dehydrating acid dehydration tower increased to 1000 ppm.
- Example 3 is the same as Example 3 except that the temperature control of the outlet fluid of the condenser of the dehydrating acid dehydration tower is not performed and the uppermost stage of the dehydrating acid dehydration tower is a temperature control stage and the temperature of the stage is 30 ° C. Propane ammoxidation reaction was carried out with the same equipment and method to produce acrylonitrile for 2 months. During this time, the temperature in the temperature control stage was not changed at 30 ° C., but two weeks after the start of production, the acrylonitrile concentration in the hydrogen cyanide distilled from the top of the dehydrating acid dehydration tower increased to 1000 ppm or more.
- the method of the present invention has industrial applicability in a process for producing acrylonitrile in which propylene and / or propane, ammonia and oxygen are reacted in the presence of a catalyst.
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Abstract
Description
特許文献1には、アクリロニトリルの精製において、脱青酸脱水塔に酸及びハイドロキノンを添加して、アクリロニトリル及びシアン化水素の重合を抑制する方法が開示されている。
従来、製品であるアクリロニトリルの収量を増加させることについては、当然ながら多くの関心が寄せられ、検討されてきた。一方、収量の増加という直接的な効果を目的とした改良の他にも、製品品質の安定化という間接的な改善によっても技術上及び経済上大きなメリットがあるが、これまで詳細な検討がなされていないのが現状である。
上記事情に鑑み、本発明が解決しようとする課題は、アクリロニトリルの製造プロセスにおいて、製品品質を安定化させる方法を提供することである。
[1]
塔頂に凝縮器が接続された蒸留塔を用いて、アクリロニトリル、シアン化水素及び水を含む溶液を蒸留する工程を含むアクリロニトリルの精製方法であって、
前記凝縮器の出口流体の温度を一定に維持する工程を含む方法。
[2]
前記凝縮器でアクリロニトリルとシアン化水素を分離し、
前記凝縮器から留出する還流液及び/又はシアン化水素ガスの温度を一定に維持する、上記[1]記載のアクリロニトリルの精製方法。
[3]
前記凝縮器へ冷媒を供給する管及び/又は冷媒を排出する管に調整弁が設けられ、前記凝縮器には出口流体の温度を測定するための温度計が設けられており、
前記凝縮器の出口流体の目標温度を設定し、前記凝縮器の出口流体の温度が前記目標温度より高い場合は前記調整弁の開度を調整することにより冷媒の供給量を増加させ、前記凝縮器の出口流体の温度が前記目標温度より低い場合は前記調整弁の開度を調整することにより冷媒の供給量を減少させる、上記[1]又は[2]記載の精製方法。
[4]
前記凝縮器の出口流体の温度の上限値及び下限値を設定し、前記凝縮器の出口流体の温度が前記下限値以上、前記上限値以下で推移するように、前記冷媒の供給量を前記調整弁によって調整する、上記[3]記載の精製方法。
[5]
蒸留塔と、
前記蒸留塔に接続され、冷媒の供給管及び排出管が設けられた凝縮器と、
を有する蒸留装置であって、
前記供給管及び/又は排出管に冷媒の供給量を調整するための調整弁が取り付けられており、
前記凝縮器の出口には温度計が設けられており、
前記温度計は温度調節計を介して前記調整弁に接続されており、
前記温度計によって測定された温度が前記温度調節計に送信され、
前記温度が目標温度より高い場合には前記調整弁の開度が調整されることにより冷媒の供給量が増やされ、前記温度が前記目標温度より低い場合には前記調整弁の開度が調整されることにより冷媒の供給量が減らされるように、前記温度調節計から前記調整弁に指示が送られる、蒸留装置。
以下、必要に応じて図面を参照しつつ、本実施の形態について詳細に説明する。なお、図面中、同一要素には同一符号を付すこととし、重複する説明は省略する。また、上下左右等の位置関係は、特に断らない限り、図面に示す位置関係に基づくものとする。装置や部材の寸法比率は図示の比率に限られるものではない。
塔頂に凝縮器が接続された蒸留塔を用いて、アクリロニトリル、シアン化水素及び水を含む溶液を蒸留する工程を含むアクリロニトリルの精製方法であって、
前記凝縮器の出口流体の温度を一定に維持する工程を含む方法である。
蒸留塔と、
前記蒸留塔に接続され、冷媒の供給管及び排出管が設けられた凝縮器と、
を有する蒸留装置であって、
前記供給管及び/又は排出管に冷媒の供給量を調整するための調整弁が取り付けられており、
前記凝縮器の出口には温度計が設けられており、
前記温度計は温度調節計を介して前記調整弁に接続されており、
前記温度計によって測定された温度が前記温度調節計に送信され、
前記温度が目標温度より高い場合には前記調整弁の開度が調整されることにより冷媒の供給量が増やされ、前記温度が前記目標温度より低い場合には前記調整弁の開度が調整されることにより冷媒の供給量が減らされるように、前記温度調節計から前記調整弁に指示が送られる、蒸留装置。
急冷塔6上部から取り出されるガスをライン8により吸収塔9に導入する。吸収塔9の塔頂に回収塔12から抜き出した水を吸収水としてライン14から供給し、反応生成ガス中のアクリロニトリル、アセトニトリル及びシアン化水素を水に吸収させる。吸収塔9に供給されたガスに含まれる成分のうち、吸収されなかったプロピレン、プロパン、酸素、窒素、二酸化炭素、一酸化炭素等及び微量の有機物等は、吸収塔の塔頂のライン11より抜き出す。吸収塔9の塔底液はライン10より回収塔12に供給する。
回収塔12の塔頂に抽出水をライン15から導入し、抽出蒸留によりアセトニトリルを抽出分離する。アセトニトリルはライン16よりプロセス系外に抜き出す。また、大部分の水はライン13よりプロセス系外に抜き出す。回収塔の塔頂からライン17によりアクリロニトリル、シアン化水素及び水を留出し、図示していない凝縮器で凝縮した後、図示していないデカンターで有機層と水層の二層に分離する。アクリロニトリル、シアン化水素及び少量の水を含む有機層を脱青酸脱水塔18に供給する。水層は前工程にリサイクルするのが好ましく、具体的にはライン10に合流させて回収塔供給液として利用するか、ライン15に合流させて抽出水等として利用する。
まず、リボイラーの加熱量と凝縮器の除熱量を一定にして、塔頂及び塔底のキー物質の濃度(質量%)を調べる。次いで、リボイラーの加熱量は変更しないで、凝縮器の除熱量のみを変更し、凝縮器の出口流体の温度を変化させる。凝縮器の出口流体の温度が異なる場合の塔頂及び塔底それぞれのキー物質の濃度を比較した時、塔頂及び塔底の分離スペックを安定的に保持できる特定の温度範囲が存在することを本発明者は発見した。
一般的な蒸留の場合、蒸留塔の各所、例えば、塔頂及び塔底で測定される温度がそれぞれ目標温度となるように制御することで、所期の分離スペックを達成する。しかしながら、アクリロニトリルの精製において、アクリロニトリル、シアン化水素及び水を含む溶液を蒸留(いわゆる脱青酸脱水塔を用いて蒸留)する場合、塔頂温度を目標温度に維持していても、塔頂から留出するシアン化水素ガス中のアクリロニトリルの濃度が安定せず、シアン化水素ガス中のアクリロニトリルの濃度が分離スペックを超えて上昇する現象が度々見られる。本発明者は、上記現象は、脱青酸脱水塔の塔上部、特にフィード段より上部においては、シアン化水素濃度とアクリロニトリル濃度の変化が著しいことに起因していることを見出した。つまり、塔頂からの留分はシアン化水素とアクリロニトリルという異なる凝縮潜熱及び比熱を有するものの混合物であるので、この留分を凝縮するために凝縮器で必要とされる除熱量は、それらの混合比によって大きく異なることになる(なお、凝縮器で必要とされる除熱量は、蒸気から液への相変化に伴う熱量、即ち凝縮熱が支配的である。)。つまり、塔頂温度は凝縮に必要な除熱量を必ずしも反映していないことが分った。従って、例え塔頂温度を一定に維持して、塔頂の分離スペックを安定的に維持しようと試みても、塔頂温度が目標温度内で変動している場合でさえ、除熱量を適切に設定できずに塔頂温度を上がってしまい、その結果、塔上部でのアクリロニトリルの濃度が上昇し、塔頂から留出する割合が上がってしまう。
これに対し、凝縮器の出口流体の温度は、凝縮器において、留出蒸気から凝縮分離したアクリロニトリルの凝縮液又は凝縮したアクリロニトリルをシアン化水素ガスから分離した後のガス温度であり、組成変化による影響をほとんど受けることがない。仮に、塔頂温度、凝縮器の除熱量が一定の状態で、塔頂留分の組成が変化し、アクリロニトリルの濃度が上がったとすると、混合物である留分の凝縮潜熱が上がるので、出口流体の温度は上昇することになる。つまり、出口流体の温度には塔頂から留出する留分の温度のみならず、間接的に留分の組成も反映されているので、これを一定に維持するように除熱量を決定することは、留分の温度のみならず組成の影響も反映させて除熱量にフィードバックできる適切な制御であると言える。
また、凝縮器の除熱量を決定する上で、出口流体の温度は気液接触を行っている塔内温度に比べて応答性も速く、管理に適している。よって適正な目標温度を定めて、出口流体の温度に応じて制御することで応答性よく凝縮器を運転し、凝縮器から抜き出すシアン化水素ガス中のアクリロニトリル濃度が塔頂の分離スペックになるよう容易に維持できる。さらに、質量バランス上、脱青酸脱水塔に供給したシアン化水素は、実質的にほぼ全てが凝縮器から抜き出されることになるので、粗アクリロニトリルからのシアン化水素の分離が充分になされ、塔底のシアン化水素濃度を分離スペック以内に維持することができる。即ち、塔頂の温度ではなく凝縮器の出口流体の温度を一定に維持することで、塔頂及び塔底の分離スペックを満たすことができる。
アクリロニトリルの分析は、以下の装置及び条件でガスクロマトグラフィーにより行った。
ガスクロマトグラフィーは、装置として島津GC-17Aを用い、カラムはTC-FFAP 60m×0.32膜厚0.25μmを用いた。検出器はFID、キャリヤーガスにはヘリウムを用いた。
カラム温度条件は、以下の通りであった。
初期温度:50℃
昇温速度:5℃/分
最終温度1:180℃ 15分HOLD
昇温速度:10℃/分
最終温度2:230℃ 10分HOLD
最終温度3:50℃ 5分HOLD
流量計:差圧式流量計(オリフィス型)
メーカー:YOKOGAWA、商品名:Differential Pressure Transmitter DP harp EJX
温度計:抵抗温度計
メーカー:OKAZAKI、商品名:Resistance Thermometer + Temperature Trans
プロピレン、アンモニア及び空気を内径8m、長さ20mの縦型円筒型の流動層反応器1に供給し、プロピレンのアンモ酸化反応を下記の通り行った。流動層反応器1は、その内部に原料ガス分散管や分散板、除熱管及びサイクロンを有していた。脱青酸脱水塔18は、シーブトレイ55段からなり、塔底から数えて37段目に供給段を有し、24段目にサイドカット流を抜き出すライン23を有し、サイドカットクーラー23b、デカンター23dを経て、23段目にデカンター内の有機層を戻すライン23eを有していた。
流動層触媒は、粒径10~100μm、平均粒径55μmであるモリブデン-ビスマス-鉄系担持触媒を用い、静止層高2.7mとなるよう充填した。空気分散板から空気を56000Nm3/h供給し、原料ガス分散管からプロピレン6200Nm3/h及びアンモニアを6600Nm3/h供給した。反応温度は440℃となるよう除熱管で制御した。圧力は0.70kg/cm2Gであった。
反応生成ガスを急冷塔6に導入し、水と向流接触させ、未反応のアンモニアを硫酸で中和除去した。急冷塔6から流出したガスをライン8より吸収塔9に導入した。吸収塔9塔頂のライン14より吸収水を導入し、ガスと向流接触させ、ガス中のアクリロニトリル、アセトニトリル及びシアン化水素を水中に吸収させた。吸収水量は、吸収塔塔頂から排出されるガス中のアクリロニトリル濃度が100volppmとなるように調整した。吸収されなかったガスは、吸収塔塔頂ライン11より取り出し、焼却した。
吸収塔塔底液を80℃に予熱し、回収塔12に供給した。回収塔12でアセトニトリル及び大部分の水を分離し、塔頂ライン17からアクリロニトリル、シアン化水素及び水を留出させた。該留出蒸気を凝縮し、図示していない回収塔デカンターで有機層と水層を形成させ、水層は回収塔12の供給ライン10にリサイクルし、有機層は脱青酸脱水塔18に供給した。
脱青酸脱水塔18へのフィード液は、ライン17に設置された図示していない流量計及び温度計により、質量及び温度を測定した。測定値は、それぞれ13595kg/h及び35.0℃であった。
脱青酸脱水塔18の塔頂ライン19から粗シアン化水素ガスを抜き出して凝縮器20に送り、冷却して分縮した。凝縮器20に用いた冷媒20aは、6℃の水であった。凝縮したシアン化水素を含む液を還流液として塔頂に還流し、凝縮しなかった不純物の少ないシアン化水素ガスをライン21から系外に抜き出した。凝縮器の出口流体(シアン化水素ガス)の温度は、凝縮器下部に取り付けられた温度計22bにて測定し、目標温度である29℃となるよう、温度調節計22aを介して、冷媒20aの流量調節弁20bを制御した。
脱青酸脱水塔18の24段から塔内液を抜き出し、サイドカットクーラー23bで冷却した。サイドカットクーラー23bに用いた冷媒23aは、25℃の水であった。サイドカットクーラーの除熱量Q3は、デカンター23dの液温が30℃となるように、冷媒23aの流量で調整した。塔から抜き出したサイド流は、デカンター23dにて有機層と水層の二層に分離し、水層は、ライン23fにより抜き出し、回収塔12の供給液にリサイクルした。有機層はライン23eにより、塔の23段に戻した。
リボイラー24aの熱源には、回収塔12下部から抜き出した110℃のプロセス水を用いた。与えた熱量Q1は200×103kcal/h/t-アクリロニトリルとし、製品塔25にて製品として取得したアクリロニトリルの質量が、時間当たり11.5tであったので、2300×103kcal/hとなるよう、リボイラー24aに通じるプロセス水24bの流量を調整した。
塔底ライン24から粗アクリロニトリルを抜き出し、製品塔25に送った。塔底抜出液は、ライン24に設置された図示していない流量計により、質量を測定し、その測定値は、11585kg/hであった。塔底抜出液の温度は、脱青酸脱水塔18の塔底の液温と同一であり86℃であった。
アクリロニトリル生産量を11.5±0.2t/hとした時期約6ヶ月間、上記のような運転を継続した。この間、凝縮器の出口流体の温度は、29±0.3℃であった。
脱青酸脱水塔は安定的に運転でき、この間、脱青酸脱水塔塔頂から留出するシアン化水素中のアクリロニトリル濃度は300±20ppmであり、塔底から抜き出されるアクリロニトリル中のシアン化水素濃度は40±10ppmであった。またこの間、アクリロニトリル製品中のシアン化水素濃度は5ppm以下であり、高品質のアクリロニトリル製品を安定的に取得できた。また、粗シアン化水素の純度も安定しており、シアン化水素誘導体の品質にも問題はなかった。
生産計画の変更によりアクリロニトリル生産量を12.7t/hに増量したこと以外は、実施例1と同一の設備及び方法でアクリロニトリルを製造した。
リボイラー熱量は2540×103kcal/hまで増加させた。凝縮器20の出口流体の温度が29℃となるよう温度調節計22aを介して、冷媒20aの流量調節弁20bを制御した。脱青酸脱水塔18の塔内の各温度及びデカンター23dの温度は、実施例1とほぼ同一であった。
アクリロニトリル生産量を12.7±0.2t/hとした時期約3ヶ月間、上記運転を継続した。この間、温度制御段の温度は、29±0.3℃であった。脱青酸脱水塔18は安定的に運転でき、この間、脱青酸脱水塔塔頂から留出するシアン化水素中のアクリロニトリル濃度は300±20ppmであり、塔底から抜き出されるアクリロニトリル中のシアン化水素濃度は40±10ppmであった。またこの間、アクリロニトリル製品中のシアン化水素濃度は5ppm以下であり、高品質のアクリロニトリル製品を安定的に取得できた。また、粗シアン化水素の純度も安定しており、シアン化水素誘導体の品質にも問題はなかった。
プロパン、アンモニア及び空気を実施例1と同じ流動層反応器1に供給し、プロパンのアンモ酸化反応を下記の通り行った。
流動層触媒は、粒径10~100μm、平均粒径55μmであるモリブデン-バナジウム系担持触媒を用い、静止層高2.2mとなるよう充填した。空気分散板から空気を64500Nm3/h供給し、原料ガス分散管からプロパン4300Nm3/h及びアンモニアを4300Nm3/h供給した。反応温度は440℃となるよう除熱管で制御した。圧力は0.75kg/cm2Gであった。
反応生成ガスを急冷塔6に導入し、水と向流接触させた。また、未反応のアンモニアを硫酸で中和除去した。
急冷塔6から取り出したガスをライン8より吸収塔9に導入した。塔頂ライン14より吸収水を導入し、ガスと向流接触させ、ガス中のアクリロニトリル、アセトニトリル及びシアン化水素を水中に吸収させた。未吸収のガスは、吸収塔塔頂ライン11より取り出し、焼却した。吸収塔塔頂から取り出したガス中のアクリロニトリル濃度が100volppmとなるよう、吸収水量を調整した。
吸収塔塔底液を予熱し、回収塔12に供給した。回収塔でアセトニトリル及び大部分の水を分離し、塔頂ライン17からアクリロニトリル、シアン化水素及び水を留出させた。該留出蒸気を凝縮し、有機層と水層を形成させ、水層は回収塔の供給ライン10にリサイクルし、有機層は脱青酸脱水塔18に供給した。
脱青酸脱水塔18へのフィード液は、ライン17に設置された図示していない流量計及び温度計により、質量及び温度を測定した。測定値は、それぞれ6219kg/h及び35.0℃であった。
脱青酸脱水塔18の塔頂ライン19から粗シアン化水素ガスを抜き出して凝縮器20に送り、冷却して分縮した。凝縮器20に用いた冷媒20aは、6℃の水であった。凝縮したシアン化水素を含む液を還流液として塔頂に還流し、凝縮しなかった不純物の少ないシアン化水素ガスをライン21から系外に抜き出した。凝縮器の出口流体(シアン化水素ガス)の温度は、凝縮器下部に取り付けられた温度計22bにて測定し、目標温度である29℃となるよう、温度調節計22aを介して、冷媒20aの流量調節弁20bを制御した。
脱青酸脱水塔18の24段から塔内液を抜き出し、サイドカットクーラー23bで冷却した。サイドカットクーラー23bに用いた冷媒23aは、25℃の水であった。サイドカットクーラーの除熱量Q3は、デカンター23dの液温が30℃となるように、冷媒23aの流量で調整した。塔から抜き出したサイド流は、デカンター23dにて有機層と水層の二層に分離し、水層は、ライン23fにより抜き出し、回収塔12の供給液にリサイクルした。有機層はライン23eにより、塔の23段に戻した。
リボイラー24aの熱源には、回収塔12下部から抜き出した110℃のプロセス水を用いた。与えた熱量Q1は、250×103kcal/h/t-アクリロニトリルとし、製品塔25にて製品として取得したアクリロニトリルの質量が、時間当たり5.22tであったので、1305×103kcal/hとなるよう、リボイラー24aに通じるプロセス水24bの流量を調整した。
塔底ライン24から粗アクリロニトリルを抜き出し、製品塔25に供給した。塔底抜出液は、ライン24に設置された図示していない流量計により、質量を測定し、その測定値は5312kg/hであった。塔底抜出液の温度は、脱青酸脱水塔18の塔底の液温と同一であり86℃であった。
アクリロニトリル生産量を5.22±0.17t/hとした時期約4ヶ月間、上記運転を継続した。この間、温度制御段の温度は、29±0.4℃であった。脱青酸脱水塔は安定的に運転でき、
この間、脱青酸脱水塔塔頂から留出するシアン化水素中のアクリロニトリル濃度は300±20ppmであり、塔底から抜き出されるアクリロニトリル中のシアン化水素濃度は40±10ppmであった。またこの間、アクリロニトリル製品中のシアン化水素濃度は5ppmであり、高品質のアクリロニトリル製品を安定的に取得できた。また、粗シアン化水素の純度も安定しており、シアン化水素誘導体の品質にも問題はなかった。
脱青酸脱水塔の凝縮器の出口流体の温度管理を行わず、脱青酸脱水塔の最上段を温度制御段とし、当該段の温度が30℃となるよう運転したこと以外は、実施例1と同一の設備及び方法でプロピレンのアンモ酸化反応を実施し、3ヶ月間アクリロニトリルを製造した。この間、温度制御段の温度は30℃で変化がなかったが、製造開始から1ヵ月後に、脱青酸脱水塔塔頂から留出するシアン化水素中のアクリロニトリル濃度が1000ppmに上昇した。凝縮器の除熱量Q2が不足していると判断し、凝縮器に通じる冷媒の流量を上げてQ2を増加させところ、脱青酸脱水塔の最上段の温度は30℃で変化がなかったが、塔頂から留出するシアン化水素中のアクリロニトリル濃度は300ppmまで減少した。
製造開始から2ヵ月後に製品として取得したアクリロニトリル中のシアン化水素の濃度が20ppmまで上昇しオフスペック品となった。この時、脱青酸脱水塔の塔底液中のシアン化水素濃度は、120wtppmであった。凝縮器の除熱量Q2が過多と判断し、凝縮器に通じる冷媒の流量を下げてQ2を減少させたところ、製品として取得したアクリロニトリル中のシアン化水素濃度が5ppmまで減少しオンスペック品となった。また、塔頂から留出するシアン化水素中に留出するアクリロニトリルの割合は600ppmまで上昇し、シアン化水素誘導体の品質が落ちていた。この間、脱青酸脱水塔の最上段の温度は30℃で変化がなかった。
脱青酸脱水塔の凝縮器の出口流体の温度管理を行わず、脱青酸脱水塔の最上段を温度制御段とし、当該段の温度が30℃となるよう運転したこと以外は、実施例3と同一の設備及び方法でプロパンのアンモ酸化反応を実施し、2ヶ月間アクリロニトリルを製造した。この間、温度制御段の温度は30℃で変化がなかったが、製造開始から2週間後に、脱青酸脱水塔塔頂から留出するシアン化水素中のアクリロニトリル濃度が1000ppm以上に上昇した。凝縮器の除熱量Q2が不足していると判断し、凝縮器に通じる冷媒の流量を上げてQ2を増加させところ、脱青酸脱水塔の最上段の温度は30℃で変化がなかったが、塔頂から留出するシアン化水素中のアクリロニトリル濃度は300ppmまで減少した。
製造開始から4週間後に製品として取得したアクリロニトリル中のシアン化水素の濃度20ppmまで上昇しオフスペック品となった。この時、脱青酸脱水塔の塔底液中のシアン化水素濃度は、120wtppmであった。凝縮器の除熱量Q2が過多と判断し、凝縮器に通じる冷媒の流量を下げてQ2を減少させたところ、製品として取得したアクリロニトリル中のシアン化水素濃度が5ppmまで減少しオンスペック品となった。また、塔頂から留出するシアン化水素中に留出するアクリロニトリルの割合は600ppmまで上昇し、シアン化水素誘導体の品質が落ちていた。この間、脱青酸脱水塔の最上段の温度は30℃で変化がなかった。
2 プロピレン及び/又はプロパンの供給管
3 アンモニアの供給管
4 空気(酸素)の供給管
6 急冷塔
5、7、8 ライン
9 吸収塔
10、11 ライン
12 回収塔
13、14、15、16、17 ライン
18 脱青酸脱水塔
19 ライン
20 脱青酸脱水塔凝縮器
20a 脱青酸脱水塔凝縮器に供給する冷媒
20b 調製弁
20b’ 凝縮器の冷媒の供給管と排出管とを接続する流量調節弁
21、22、23、23c、23e、23f ライン
22b 温度計
22a 温度調節計
23a 脱青酸脱水塔サイドカットクーラーに供給する冷媒
23b 脱青酸脱水塔サイドカットクーラー
23d 脱青酸脱水塔デカンター
24、24c ライン
24a 脱青酸脱水塔リボイラー
24b 脱青酸脱水塔リボイラーに供給する熱媒
25 製品塔
26、27、28、29 ライン
30 製品塔凝縮器
31 ライン
A フィード段
B チムニートレイ
Claims (5)
- 塔頂に凝縮器が接続された蒸留塔を用いて、アクリロニトリル、シアン化水素及び水を含む溶液を蒸留する工程を含むアクリロニトリルの精製方法であって、
前記凝縮器の出口流体の温度を一定に維持する工程を含む方法。 - 前記凝縮器でアクリロニトリルとシアン化水素を分離し、
前記凝縮器から留出する還流液及び/又はシアン化水素ガスの温度を一定に維持する、請求項1記載のアクリロニトリルの精製方法。 - 前記凝縮器へ冷媒を供給する管及び/又は冷媒を排出する管に調整弁が設けられ、前記凝縮器には出口流体の温度を測定するための温度計が設けられており、
前記凝縮器の出口流体の目標温度を設定し、前記凝縮器の出口流体の温度が前記目標温度より高い場合は前記調整弁の開度を調整することにより冷媒の供給量を増加させ、前記凝縮器の出口流体の温度が前記目標温度より低い場合は前記調整弁の開度を調整することにより冷媒の供給量を減少させる、請求項1又は2記載の精製方法。 - 前記凝縮器の出口流体の温度の上限値及び下限値を設定し、前記凝縮器の出口流体の温度が前記下限値以上、前記上限値以下で推移するように、前記冷媒の供給量を前記調整弁によって調整する、請求項3記載の精製方法。
- 蒸留塔と、
前記蒸留塔に接続され、冷媒の供給管及び排出管が設けられた凝縮器と、
を有する蒸留装置であって、
前記供給管及び/又は排出管に冷媒の供給量を調整するための調整弁が取り付けられており、
前記凝縮器の出口には温度計が設けられており、
前記温度計は温度調節計を介して前記調整弁に接続されており、
前記温度計によって測定された温度が前記温度調節計に送信され、
前記温度が目標温度より高い場合には前記調整弁の開度が調整されることにより冷媒の供給量が増やされ、前記温度が前記目標温度より低い場合には前記調整弁の開度が調整されることにより冷媒の供給量が減らされるように、前記温度調節計から前記調整弁に指示が送られる、蒸留装置。
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KR101528987B1 (ko) | 2015-06-15 |
CN103261151A (zh) | 2013-08-21 |
JPWO2012090691A1 (ja) | 2014-06-05 |
KR20130086644A (ko) | 2013-08-02 |
CN103261151B (zh) | 2015-04-22 |
TWI438181B (zh) | 2014-05-21 |
TW201229012A (en) | 2012-07-16 |
JP5605922B2 (ja) | 2014-10-15 |
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