WO2012081048A2

WO2012081048A2 - Modular element for building constructions, and relevant construction system

Info

Publication number: WO2012081048A2
Application number: PCT/IT2011/000409
Authority: WO
Inventors: Ettore Lazzarotto
Original assignee: Ettore Lazzarotto
Priority date: 2010-12-17
Filing date: 2011-12-19
Publication date: 2012-06-21
Also published as: IT1406056B1; WO2012081048A3; ITRM20100666A1

Abstract

The invention concerns a modular device for the buildings of masonry walls, comprising two parallel end walls (110, 130) between which it is formed at the least a space (160, 170), said two parallel end walls (110, 130) being connected by a plurality of bridges (150, 140) which do not cover the whole area transversal to said two parallel end walls (110, 130), characterised in that it further comprises at least a central wall (120) between said to parallel end walls which form with these corresponding at least a first space (160) and a second space (170) suitable to be filled respectively by insulating polyurethane foams and concrete, and in that; said at least a central wall (120) is connected to said to parallel end walls (110, 130) by means of said variety of bridges (150, 140); a first wall (110) of said to parallel end walls (110, 130) comprises at least an internal space for the ventilation; a second wall (130) of said two parallel end walls (110, 130) comprises at least an internal space for the wiring; said modular device being formed by rigid, fireproof and self-extinguishing plastic and presenting means suitable to the coupling with equal modular devices. The invention further concerns a building system for the construction of buildings, comprising a plurality of modules for the construction of various parts of a building according to the invention.

Description

MODULAR ELEMENT FOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS, AND RELEVANT CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM

The invention concerns a modular element for building constructions, and relevant construction system.

In particular, the construction system according to the invention is based on innovative series of artifacts made by recycled die-cast plastic which has been made fireproof and self-extinguishing, realized on the basis of basic standard formwork block and allowing the realization of self- supporting buildings and claddings for residential buildings, having a very high system technology and antiseismic capability. Such a system has been conceived in the typology of a typical disposable formwork, for building self-supporting reinforced concrete walls and/or simple cladding, directly during installation, for buildings destined to housing use such as: residences, offices, hospitals, logistics, worship, military, etc. The whole system is provided with a rigid structure containing a series of multi- chambers which allows its fast use in any weather condition, thanks to the dry mounting and a completion during installation with concrete castings and injections of expanded polyurethane using the normal equipments present in the modern building sites. The system allows the elimination of the thermal bridges and the achieving of the aims of quality and maximum functionality for residential houses according to legislative decree 311/2006 (climatic zone "F"), concerning the thermal isolation and the energy saving and to European directive no. 31 2010/CE. Moreover, the system features: a) an amazing easiness of dry mounting without the help of subsidiary structures, b) a simplified laying of the shell reinforcement bars; c) the evacuation of the radon gas coming from the subsoil; d) impermeability and transpiration of the whole building envelope; e) the optimal passage of all the electric, electronic and hydraulic systems

(water, heating, etc) needed to the completion of the building structure both during construction and in the possible subsequent integrations of the building restoration; f) improved adhesion on the external surfaces, which allows the completion of the internal and external finishing workings; g) carrying out all the dictates of the bio-architecture for the new constructions; h) the bottle recycling of the plastic materials coming from solid urban wastes of the waste dumps (nearly unlimited resource); i) and finally it represents a building integrable, flexible, computerisable system that can be provided with real simplified building kits for the building construction.

The limit of the building construction, mainly in the residential field, are mostly due to the limits of the same building materials, that owing to their mass and the physical and mechanical features, do not allow to achieve the optimum requisites needed to fulfill the new laws concerning the thermal (see legislative decree number 311 of 29.12.2006) and acoustic isolation, which today impose the "energetic certification" of the houses according to the "heat consumption category", and also of "energetic saving optimization" that indicates the relevant "membership class" (A+,A,B,C,D,E,F).

By provisions of the European Community, directive no. 31 of 2010/CE enacted as law national directive, the new buildings must therefore fulfill the requirements of the new laws, to the end of having the necessary "building compliance", which certifies its real compliance to what has been fixed by the parameters of the legislative decree 311/2006 and subsequent modifications. Whenever the new buildings did not respect the standards fixed by the new laws, they would be considered as unsuitable and therefore "with high energetic consumption" and therefore exceedingly depreciated (up to 30% of their market value) because of their high maintenance costs, both in the summer season and in the winter season, wherein the need for fossil fuel for the heating our refrigeration and the relevant costs, due to the increasing cost of oil, is remarkably increasing.

Officially, from 1 January 2010, the directive number 31 of 2010/CE and the parameters of the above mentioned legislative decree 311/2006, define, for the whole national territory, the climatic zones (A,B,C,D,E,F) and the relevant values of the "thermal transmittance U" of the opaque vertical (perimeter walls of the houses) and horizontal structures (covering roofs and floors) which must be contained within well-defined values (U= 0.62 for the hot climatic zone "A"; and U= 0.33 for the cold climatic zone "F") expressed in W/mq°K. The same is valid for the boundary areas of flats, for which the same technical remarks apply.

By way of example, for the town of Rome (climatic zone "D") the value of the thermal transmittance corresponds to U=0.36 W/mq°K, according to what has been reported in the "table of annex C" of the same legislative decree 311/2006, whilst in the cold zones of Alps and Apennines, extremely cold, the membership class is "F" with U=0.33 W/mq°K.

The new regulation imposes therefore new building arrangements, which, as a whole, will causes the design of new buildings utilizing new components provided with "energetic certification", with which the above mentioned structures have to be realized.

On the whole, if new technical solutions are not provided, the problem can only be solved by building "sandwich" perimeter walls, i.e. composed by a sum of vertical walls built by subsequent steps with different materials, which would contribute to realize, with an as much complex series of specifications items - and therefore inevitable additional costs -, walls with remarkable width within which the isolation materials will be placed. The relevant correctness of the installation in a posteriori evaluation of the realization is very difficult to assess without expensive thermography tools, technical expert evaluations, additional times and costs. For a whole series of cases analyzed by specific building components test institutions, by using common materials, the widths of the walls for fulfilling the current regulations are comprised within variable widths between 380 and 550 mm. Such widths needed to fulfill the specifications of legislative decree 311/2006, besides appreciably affecting the final cost of the residences, are to the whole detriment of the walkable floor area of the building envelope and in particular of the specific dwelling room which is in fact the residential module. With the use of such constructive systems, it has been observed that in any case the problem of the so-called "thermal bridges" can be solved only theoretically, and this remains a great practical problem.

On the whole, therefore, one can summarize that, by using the traditional construction systems, all the perimeter walls (opaque surfaces) of the houses, to the end of fulfilling the legislative decree 311/2006, will have to be built by a sequence of operations of building site which include:

- the building of an external surface constituted by bricks (raw concrete or plastered),

- a plaster internal to the wall, a cavity wherein an isolation material has to be placed (generally isolation panels or spray insulators),

- an air cavity,

- a subsequent internal wall constituted by bricks (generally fired air bricks),

- a further layer of isolation material,

- a plaster for interiors and finally base leveling and painting.

Besides the above-mentioned regulation, the important decree on building energetic efficiency, i.e. the legislative decree number 28/2011 , has to be mentioned.

The cost by square meter of all these operation steps implies not only a final augmentation of the construction cost, which is already high, but also of the working and handing-in time spans, exceedingly scattered along time, which increase proportionally to the great many working steps. It is to be considered, moreover, that in case of bad weather conditions (rain, snow, lower temperatures etc.) the whole building process undergoes strong slowing down if not even a technical stop.

The same applies for the realization of concrete floors whose application, be the same horizontal (walking floors) or tilted (pitched roof), is determined by favorable weather conditions.

The US patent application 3552076 describes only a process of concrete compacting within an only room coated by polystyrene. The device of the application is destined only and exclusively to substituting the traditional system of normal formworking suitable to realize vertical structures of limited dimensions made by reinforced concrete. Such a system has been in fact utilized well before the date of the patent application, even in the prefabrication of the large concrete prefabricated structures, with the only difference that in this case one uses steel forms destined to the molding of the components such as beams, walls, panels.

The same author of US 3552076 does not provide indications on the final use is of such a system of "disposable formworking", exactly because the reinforced concrete walls are not well suited to realize the residential buildings, but most of all because with such a construction process the residences would have on their internal side and external side simple polystyrene which has always been considered a precarious support for the coating of the plaster and/or other materials such as painting, adhesive for majolicas, curtain. The situation is even worse for possible supports to be inserted in the wall such as plugs or nails, or in the management of vibrations and solicitations by urban traffic. And this without considering possible settlements and/or seisms even of slight degree.

The system of US3552076 does not therefore represent a valuable device for the achieving of those procedures that in the reality of the building system are the procedures of realizations of a building envelope according to current laws. It limits its function to a mere support of the only concrete, wherein by the way not even the continuity of the casting section, both in the vertical and horizontal sections, is guaranteed because of the continuous narrowings of the polystyrene support, justified as significant in the claims to avoid the discharge of the liquid concrete inserted in the injection step.

It remains therefore the necessity to define, according to the limits of the new regulations, a new series of building components which is totally innovative and suitable to obviate to the above-mentioned sandwich construction system and at the same time allows the realization of new building typologies, studied expressly for the bio-building and bio- architecture, suitable also to totally fulfill the new law regulations concerning antiseismic capability, as well as thermal and acoustic isolation of the buildings. All of these in an only application solution of the building components.

It is subject-matter of the present invention a modular device for the buildings of masonry walls, comprising two parallel end walls between which it is formed at least a space, said two parallel end walls being connected by a plurality of bridges which do not cover the whole area transversal to said two parallel end walls, characterised in that it further comprises at least a central wall between said two parallel end walls which form with these corresponding at least a first space and a second space suitable to be filled respectively by insulating polyurethane foams and concrete, and in that:

- said at least a central wall is connected to said two parallel end walls by means of said plurality of bridges;

- a first wall of said two parallel end walls comprises at least an internal space for the ventilation;

- a second wall of said two parallel end walls comprises at least an internal space for the wiring;

said modular device being formed by rigid, fireproof and self-extinguishing plastic and presenting means suitable to the coupling with equal modular devices.

Preferably according to the invention, one or more bridges in said plurality of bridges are bored in order to provide suitable communication apertures between the spaces defined between said bridges along the direction parallel to said central wall.

Preferably according to the invention, said one or more bridges comprises the end bridges in the direction parallel to said two parallel end walls in such a way to guarantee, in use, communication apertures between more than one modular device.

Preferably according to the invention, the external surfaces of the two parallel end walls are constituted by rough surfaces.

Preferably according to the invention, said rough surfaces are obtained by means of embosses selected in the group consisting of: Greek key corrugation, corrugation, pricking, shaping, indentation on flat surfaces.

Preferably according to the invention, it can take an open configuration and a collapsed configuration, and to this end said central wall is divided into an even number of central wall independent parts connected by a reversible connection on an only plane in open configuration, each of said central wall independent parts being connected to at least one of said two parallel end walls by one or more bridges of said plurality of bridges, and wherein:

- each of said one or more bridges comprises:

o a first and portion connected with a rigid connection to said at least one of said two parallel end walls, and

o a main portion connected with a rotatable connection to said first end portion and to the relevant parallel end wall,

in such a way that each of said central wall independent parts can be brought towards said at least one of said two parallel end walls parallel to it;

said central wall independent parts are subdivided into a first half and a second half of central parts, the parts of said first half:

o being connected with an only bridge to only one of said two parallel end walls,

o presenting the relevant first end portions shorter than those relevant to the second half,

in such a way that the parts of said second half be suitable to be brought onto the parts of said first half, crushed towards said only one of said two parallel end walls, when said two parallel end walls are crushed against each other,

in such a way that all the central walls independent parts be suitable to be brought in a position substantially parallel to said two parallel end walls and remain inside said modular device in the collapsed configuration.

Preferably according to the invention, each one of said one or more bridges comprises a second end portion connected to at least a main portion, and connected by a rotatable connection to the relevant central wall independent part.

Preferably according to the invention, second end portion connected to the parts of said first half is connected by a rotatable connection, whilst the second end portion connected to the parts of said second half is connected by a rigid connection .

Preferably according to the invention, the rotatable connection considered each time is a disposable connection integrally formed in said rigid, fireproof and self-extinguishing plastic.

Preferably according to the invention, said reversible connection is a male-female connection operated by a suitable lateral profile of said central walls independent parts on the facing sides in said only a plane in the open configuration.

Preferably according to the invention, said even number of wall parts is equal to 4, said first half being constituted by the two most internal parts, in the direction parallel to said two parallel end walls.

It is further subject matter of the present invention a modular device for the construction of reinforced concrete beams, characterised in that it comprises three parallel walls, united on a side by means of a transversal wall, thus forming a space for the casting of the concrete that will form the beam, and a space for the laying of a thermal-acoustic insulator.

It is further subject matter of the present invention a modular device for the construction of reinforced concrete columns, characterised in that it comprises two walls disposed in such a way to form a right angle, the walls being hollow and suitable to receive a thermal-acoustic insulating material.

It is further subject matter of the present invention a modular device for the building of floors, characterised in that it comprises one or more internal spaces, and in that it has a rectangular cross-section with male- female interlockings on the sides with a pre-shaping on one of the two main surfaces, called "extrados", said pre-shaping being suitable, in use, once the modules are disposed to form the floor, to receive a electro- welded pillar with triangular cross-section and a subsequent structural concrete casting concurrently with the floor concrete slab. It is further subject matter of the present invention a building systems for the construction of buildings, comprising a plurality of modules for the construction of various parts of a building, i.e. a plurality of modular devices according to the subject matters of the invention.

The proposed device solves therefore all the practical and legislative problems of building, thus realizing with an only application all the above mentioned problems, and in addition it offers already an energetic certification which certifies that this is the only product suitable to be utilized in any climatic zone with the value of thermal transmittance U=0.24 W/mq°K which turns out to be better than the more restrictive indications of the domestic or European laws.

The measure will be now described by way of illustration but not by way of limitation, with particular reference to the figures of enclosed drawings, wherein:

- figure 1 shows a perspective view of a first embodiment of the device according to the invention;

- figure 2 shows the device of the figure 1 during use;

- figure 3 shows a second perspective view of the device of figure 1 ;

- figure 4 shows a lateral view of the device of figure 1 stacked up with another identical device;

- figure 5 (a) and (b) show an example of modularity of the device according to the invention, in the case of walls with curves;

- figure 6 shows a detail of the device of figure 1 , during use;

- figures 7 shows an embodiment of the device for the realization of a framework destined to the centerpieces wherein the reinforced concrete has to be cast, with application to the wall corners, with vertical inserts wherein the thermal-acoustic insulation material is housed, to avoid the creation of thermal bridges within the building envelope;

- figure 8 shows a further detail of the device of figure , during use;

- figure 9 shows a thermography of the device of figure 2;

- figure 10 shows a second embodiment of the device according to the invention, with application to floors;

- figure 11 shows a section of the device of figure 9;

- figure 12 shows a third embodiment of the device according to the invention, in cross-section, with application to columns;

- figure 13 shows the device of figure 11 , in a perspective view;

- figure 14 shows a different embodiment of the module device according to the invention, with an additional feature with respect to that of figure 1.

Making reference to figure 1-3, an embodiment of the module device according to the invention provides a structure 100 in plastic, preferably transparent (in the buildings according to the invention, it is not needed to have all the blocks transparent, only few ones are needed to verify the casting).

The structure 100 comprises a plurality of parallel walls 1 0, 120,

130.

In fact, it is indicated with 110 a space including two parallel walls connected by suitable bridges always made by the same material. This space is to be used for the ventilation and the evacuation of the possible radon gas. Indeed, one of the remedies for the reclaiming of houses from gas radon consists in the continuous change of air in the rooms: a correct and continuous ventilation can counter the accumulation of gases which tend to make the radon concentration increase in the rooms.

With 120 is indicated a single wall in the centre of the modular device according to the invention.

With 130 is indicated a structure with three parallel walls forming two spaces 132, 133. In fact, one can realize the device also with an only space. The three parallel walls are maintained together by suitable bridges 135, always by plastic (for mere convenience, because the device according to the invention can be realized with an only mold and an only die-casting). These two spaces are used for the passage of the wires within a wall, in such a way that any work for constructing chases in the walls of the building is avoided. The plastic is mostly rigid, fireproof and self-extinguishing, for example PP-PPE-PET.

The parallel walls 110, 120, 130 are maintained together by suitable transversal (tilted, current or perpendicular) bridges 140, 150. These parallel walls 110, 120, 134 form two main spaces 160, 170 wherein the building material (for example concrete and polyurethane) is to be inserted. In at least one of the two spaces, at the least a subset of transversal bridges 140, 150 are bored, and this is to the end that the concrete casting does not form as many columns as there are spaces, but the material of the spaces turns out to be connected. The holes 141 are provided in the internal bridges or even in the external bridges, so that the concrete connection takes place also in the direction transversal to the walls, because the two main spaces 160 and 170 receive two different materials, respectively polyurethane and concrete.

The wall 1340 can be provided outside with the roughness (for example rustications, streaks, perforations 133) suitable to make it coatable with plaster, to the end of constructing a suitable reinforcement support to the plaster 160, destined to the traditional finishing of the walls, so that it does not slide down but it attaches to the plastic wall.

Making reference to figure 4, the spaces 110 and 130 are laterally closed, whilst the main spaces 160, 170 are not completely closed, instead they can be widely open even through the holes. One will remark that the holes 141 , being not the only lateral apertures, are not the only responsible for the interconnection of the concrete in the main spaces and between main spaces and adjacent modular devices. Indeed, the bridges 150, 140 do not cover the whole surface at disposal between the main parallel walls.

As one can note from the figures, the bridges 140, 150 are not flat in this embodiment. Certainly, they can be realized as flat, however for a better gluing of the concrete a sinusoidal form is preferable.

In figure 9 a thermography of the modular device during its use as in figure 2 is shown. One sees that the fact of having eliminated the existence of the thermal bridges between parallel walls, with respect to the devices of the prior art, has permitted an optimal isolation between the wall exposed to cold and the wall exposed to a heat source (for example heating of an apartment).

The optional indentation 148 in the bridges 140 have been conceived to be used to the ordered and modular laying of iron elements for the horizontal reinforcement of an antiseismic building, parallel to the walls 110, 120, 130. The reinforcement can be realized particularly by inserting further building steel elements 180 from the riddle of the wall foundation, to the end of realizing a mesh orthogonally directly within the blocks, as shown in figure 8.

Making reference to figure to 5 and 6, the lateral modularity in the dry laying step of the device according to the invention is guaranteed for example by means of suitable male/female shapings of the sides of the walls 130 and 110.

In the same way, the vertical modularity (stackability), is guaranteed by means of suitable further shapings, as in the prior art.

Clearly, in order to build every type of wall, modules of different form are needed. An example of curved module 100_2 similar to module 100 is already visible in figure 5, and another module 100_3 is shown in section in figure 7, for a wall corner built as structural centerpiece.

Continuing with the applications, it is clear that for the floor (roofings, intermediate floor, and sloping roof) the modules will be of different form. Making reference to figure is 10 and 11 , the module 200 according to the invention comprises an only space 210, when needed possibly reinforced with specific reinforcement internal fins as in figure 11 and has rectangular section with a predefined shaping 220 on one of the two larger surfaces. This space 220 allows the realization, during application, of the traditional concrete structural joist. The repetition of the male/female assembly laying operations of the light plastic box modules, integrated with the iron pylon for the joists 220 and with the needed reinforcements of casting, constitutes, together with the structural concrete casting, the realization of lightened and self-supporting floor for the use in civil residences. In this way, a floor with all the needed resistant features is realized, in a very simple way, allowing by a single operation in such a way the realization of the concrete bearing joist and floor. One eliminates therefore all the transportations relevant to the concrete bearings and their relevant laying, obtaining in an easy, clean and secure way the same structural section normally realized by current building systems, but with a floor weight reduced of 75% with equal useful load as defined in the table of the static and accidental loads of the current regulation. Moreover in the intrados of such floor (roof if one watches upwards) it is possible to affect the normal plastering, because the plastic surface is rusticated, corrugated, streaked, pre-perforated to the end of building an optimal support base for the classic finishings, or more simply the support for plasterboard panels that can be directly screwed to the device by means of self-threading screws currently on the market. The inside (210) of the floor relevant to the device, constitutes actually a hollow canalization (in place of the traditional brick hollow block) which can be used for the laying of the electric, aeration and air recirculation system, and various wiring.

The easiness of laying and management of the building site has important consequences on the security of the workers. Indeed, the workers deal with only the laying of light elements because they are made by plastic, which have only to be leant, without the obligation to effect difficult movements by breakdown lorry, but most of all they can walk in total security on such floors, duly shored in the step preceding the integration concrete casting, without risking falls or accidental breakings as often occurs in the concrete and masonry floors because of the fissured elements that are hardly identifiable (bricks hollow blocks and hollow flat blocks). It is further to be stressed that the device according to the invention, unlike the lightening systems destined to the realization of floors (polystyrene and the like) in case of fire does not produce toxic smokes (which is the main death cause for the sitting tenants by asphyxia) and it does not produce those gases that, with the increasing volume, provoke real explosions of the floors, giving in such a way structural instability of the buildings and their difficult recuperation during restoration step. On the contrary, the floors realized with the invention device are self-extinguishing and hollow and allow the maximum protection of the structures in case of fire.

Making reference to figures 12 and 13, it is shown a further embodiment of modular device 300 according to the invention, for the building of bearing beams. The module 300 comprises three parallel walls 310, 320, 330, united on a side by means of a transversal wall 340. In such a way, one creates a larger space for the reinforcement concrete casting that will form the joist, and a space sufficiently dimensioned for the laying of the thermal-acoustic insulator, to the end of obtaining a building totally isolated and without thermal bridges.

Making reference to figure 14, one illustrates a further embodiment of the modular device according to the invention. The module 100_4 comprises the same elements of figure 1 , wherein however the wall 120 is divided into four parts 121, 122, 123, 124, each connected in a rotatable way to one of the two walls 110, 130 through the bridges 140, 150.

These bridges are all advantageously equal and comprise first portions 144, 145, 154, 155 rigidly connected perpendicularly to walls 110, 132, to which the main portion 146, 156 is hinged by means of hinges 142, 152, 143, 153, the main portion then rotating till it reaches a position parallel to walls 110, 130. The rotation occurs towards the inside of the device and this makes the whole structure collapse.

In order that the collapse can occur, the two parts 122, 123 in the centre must fold at first, till they collapse completely. Ono these ones, the other two ones with collapse thereafter. This is possible because the main portions are connected with rotatable connection (hinges) 152, 142 on the first two portions 144, 145, 154, 155 that are shorter than the other two ones, and because each one is coupled to an only bridge, whilst the other portions 121 , 125 can also be coupled to two bridges.

The bridges can comprise, besides the first end portions 144, 145, 154, 155 and the main portions 146, 156, second end portions 121 , 122, 123, 124. In the case of the two parts 122, 123, the two second portions are connected to these in a rotatable way, whilst in the case of the remaining two parts 121 , 124 they are advantageously connected in a rigid way.

In the open connection of the modular device according to the invention, the parts 121 , 122, 123, 124 are connected by reversible connection, which is advantageously a male-female connection realized by suitable lateral profile of the independent parts of centre wall 121 , 122, 123, 124 on facing sides on the plane of the wall 120 in the open configuration.

The rotatable connection 142, 152; 143, 153; 147, 157 considered each time is a disposable connection integrally formed by said rigid, fireproof and self-extinguishing plastic.

It is clear that one can have an even number of wall portions 120 even larger than four, even if the operations of collapse become longer.

In such a way, it is possible to reduce the volume of the modular device by 80% with clear advantages for the transportation and handling of the modules, besides naturally the environment care. Indeed, the incidence of the transportation affects very highly the products not particularly fine (marbles, majolicas of first quality, furnitures etc) to the extent that the operative range of the same production sites is justified only if the final user (the building site, the reselling of the building materials, the building enterprise, etc) is placed in a maximum range of 150-200 km.

With the modular device according to the first embodiment, one guarantees the following functions:

1. Expulsion of gas radon and natural aeration of the masonry;

2. Containment of isolating polyurethane foams casted during the application;

3. Containment of the bearing reinforced concrete casting (bearing walls masonries) or alternatively testing by means of low-pressure pumping of lightened/pre-mixed concrete for claddings of structured buildings with pillars and bearing beams; such chamber has in its inside specific plugs for housing the steel reinforcement rods;

4. Housing for electric, water, thermal, domotic, telephonic etc.

Systems; 5. Aeration of the walls for better housing comfort.

One or more external walls of the modular device presents its surface with enhanced adherence, for the support of the plasters for any finishing, and it is also possible to refine it with plaster boards of large size fixed by self-threading screws directly to the blocks according to the invention.

In particular, the block according to the invention can be prepared in various dimensions and forms to respond to all the needs:

a) standard formwork block (400x 330xh 200 mm);

b) intermediate formwork block (200x 330x 200 mm);

c) corner formwork block for 30° and 45° corners;

d) bearing column module (370x 370xL6000 mm);

e) bearing beam module (width 600 x h 180/200/240/300/380 x length 9.500 mm and larger).

Moreover, the following accessories can be also provided:

g) conical plug (right and left);

h) line of alignment accessories.

The modular device according to the invention can be produced by molding and/or wire drawing of plastic fireproof and self-extinguishing material, even recycled.

The technical and operational features preferred for the device according to the invention, used for the buildings, the claddings and the floors, are:

- thermal isolation capability: it is assessed by the construction of standard framework blocks made by recycled, self-extinguishing plastic with polystyrene core of the type neopor 80/100, and/or expanded polyurethane of the width of 130 mm and complementary casting of antiseismic concrete: U=0.23 W/mq°K;

- acoustic isolation capability: higher than 54 dB;

- resistance to fire: self-extinguishing;

- fireproofing class foreseen after application: class "O".

Optionally, it is possible to color the blocks directly during molding according to pre-defined tonality and colors. In particular, by using the transparent plastic material, the direction of works can control that the constructor uses suitable materials.

The calculation of the thermal transmittance U on a prototype of the device according to the invention (cf. Figure 9) has been carried out by means of specific computerized programs, and certified by the primary research institution on the building materials, ISTEDIL Spa of Guidonia (Roma), and in particular it has been tested on the standard formwork block "Magnum" and on different typologies of floor sections. The color photo (figure 9) identifies the stratification of the thermal conduction lines and the capability of the material and the geometry of the single components to guarantee the correct behavior of restriction of temperature, in presence of thermal differences between intrados and extrados thereof. The obtained results guarantees the non-existence of the thermal bridges, which are the cause, in the masonries, of the traditional and unbelievable losses of efficiency of the whole building envelope.

The features of the best and prototype had been:

- dry mounting and completion during installation by concrete casting and reinforcement metal rods according to antiseismic design;

- dimensions: 400x 330xh 200 mm

- number of needed pieces per mq; 12.5 ;

- maximal piece weight: 1.2 kg

- concrete width: 140 mm

- isolating width: 130 mm of polystyrene or polyurethane foams;

- acoustic isolation: larger than 54 dB;

- weight of the wall completed with Cls completion casting: larger than 230 Kg/mq (required by law regulation on building constructions).

The result obtained by the applicant represents indeed the optimal solution to all the building problems, applicable to any geographic context exactly thanks to its flexibility, modularity, easiness of availability of the basic material of the structure and composition.

From the use of the building system according to the invention in the field of building constructions, it stems that, thanks to the technical tests and environmental monitorings after application of blocks, floors and material system of the same series of complementary products (columns, beams and accessories of various types), it has been noted that the artifacts studied exactly for the realization of the perimeter walls of the building destined to civil housing, fulfilled the strict "energetic certification" provided by legislative decree 311/2006 and European directive number 31/2010 thanks to the only and simple application of the block according to the invention, having thermal-acoustic features (U=0.24 W/ q°K - Acoustic>54 dB) and specifically it deals with walls built with the block having width of only 330 mm, inside which a polystyrene insert is housed (lambda = 0,031 W/mq°K).

The same structural plastic material of the block according to the invention has been further able to compensate for and limit the thermal bridges generated by the different temperatures on the two opposite sides of its surfaces (external and internal sites of the building envelope), thus guaranteeing an optimal solution.

It is to be stressed, moreover, that unlike several proposals of new materials by firms that proposed the use of new products based on wood (such as chipboards, multi-layer plywood, layered structures etc.) by lightened concrete, or even in polystyrene, the new building system according to the invention does not use neither glues nor resins, nor even toxic workings for the production, instead it recycles 100% of the plastic material, preferably recycled, thus contributing in such a way to the protection of the environment.

Summarizing, the device according to the invention is absolutely not polluting, it cannot be attacked by insects, woodworms, mice, etc, is not perishable, is insoluble in water, it maintains along time the perspirability of the realized surfaces, is stable as a traditional artifact, it can be covered with any typical product used in the building field thanks to its surfaces with enhanced adherence which offer a real reinforcement support for: adhesives, plasters, backed clay brick, coating stone, majolicas, etc, and it is also totally fireproof and self-extinguishing.

The system according to the invention guarantees moreover optimal mechanical features with respect to compression, wear by perishing, accidental hits, minimum bending, which favor its use in the building trade even in a seismic zone (with a suitable indications of mounting with steel bars integrated in the final casting), with a behavior definitely higher than the masonries realized with the conventional products, exactly because it deals with a product that realizes monolithic structures that do not crumble by slices during earthquakes (which is the main cause of wounds, even fatal, during a seismic event).

A great advantage of the system according to the invention is without doubt constituted by the great power of thermal isolation, the optimal acoustic isolation and sound absorption of the masonries, which render the new material suitable to application on a large scale for the construction of residential houses, civil flats, high aggregation sites, sports plants, schools and universities, worship places, offices, hospitals, etc, in line with the more restrictive law provisions concerning energetic efficiency of the buildings, such as the legislative decree 311/2006 for the domestic Italian laws: directive number 31 of 2010 regarding the European regulation, as well as acoustic isolation (law 447/1995).

The building system according to the invention is suited to the realization of vertical structures (external and internal walls, separating walls) and horizontal structures (floors, intermediate floors, flat coverings and/or pitched roof). The application sectors are the new buildings in any geographic and/or climatic zone in Italy and in the world:

public and private residential building trade;

hospitals, nursing homes, refuges;

airports and ports;

- schools, universities, didactic centers, sporting centers;

structures by craftsmen and industrial structures;

complementary and subsidiary masonries.

Moreover, the total transparency of the single blocks of the building system according to the invention, placed in a suitable form (for example: 1 piece every 10 opaque blocks, i.e. one block every one square meter of structure), allows the operators and the works direction to follow all the filling processes with the support materials to be inserted during application inside the masonries, as well as the correct application defined by the same with the complementary materials positioned inside. This is impossible with the system of above-mentioned document US 3552076 (see in particular the search report of the European patent office) which uses polystyrene, therefore non-transparent material.

Further, the building system according to the invention represents a real revolution in the field of new buildings, since it is conceived in accordance with the new building regulations, which provides clearly specific technical features and performances. Such features allow therefore to respond to:

- maximum thermal efficiency in the every type of climate and latitude,

- optimal soundproofing of the structures,

- antiseismic capability of the masonries, which are dry reinforced with simple and routinary mounting operations, even by non- specialized labor;

- systems studied explicitly for the realization of buildings in class A according to the European regulation - directive 2010/31/CE and the Italian legislative decree 311/2006 and subsequent modifications;

- energetic saving, with buildings according to regulation "E=0";

- eco-sustainability

- maximum living comfort, which allows moreover to access the fiscal policy on energetic saving which provides deductions of 55%;

- dry mounting with maximum saving of water;

- possibility of use and mounting in every climate condition throughout the building process;

- natural ventilation and expulsion of gas radon; - isolation from electromagnetic radiation thanks to particular screening devices applicable directly on the finishing plaster (Creamoda - TRSE1);

- activation of the photo-catalytic process against the problem of the urban smog thanks to finishings with plasters of the Italcementi TX

Active;

- constant sections of the required multi-layer masonries;

- integrability with all the devices currently utilized in the building trade (air conditioning plants, natural and/or mechanical air recirculation systems, domotics, etc);

- lowering of the transportation and logistics costs of the building materials;

- easy integration of the thermal-hydraulic plant systems;

- easy integration of electric systems both during building steps and restoring steps of the buildings;

- elimination of the reascending humidity;

- totality impermeability of the masonries;

- maximum-security during work because of the hand loads that have been eliminated and the ergonomics of the products that allow to treat the building elements as real "toys";

- maximum efficiency of the dephasing or "decrement delay factor") larger than 10 hours;

- possibility of the use of non-qualified labor;

- resistance of the components against insects and a rodents;

- elimination of the thermal bridges.

The system of the document US 3552076, besides it does not guarantee any of the above listed points (with a partial exception for the only reduction of the thermal bridges), demonstrates as a matter of fact that it is not a system studied for solving the modern and complex procedures for building the building envelope, instead it is a trick limited to the only containment of the concrete.

The materials chosen exactly to be integrated in the building system according to the invention guarantee not only the full respect of the current regulations, among which that on the thermal efficiency (tested by ISTEDIL Spa). The last represents a fundamental guarantee for the operators in the building trade (such as for example constructors, enterprises, stores) that can thus profit from a product "tested and certified" from the design to the arrival of the material in the building site, and most of all realize, with an only application without waste of materials, structures that guarantee the energetic conformity of the relevant building envelopes. This conformity can be easily determined by thermographic tests needed for the energetic certification provided by European regulation 2010/31 /CE.

As a matter of fact, the system of the document US 3552076, which is not remarkable except for the simple containment of the concrete (as for the normal break samples for the concrete), has not been applied in the building trade, exactly because it does not meet the most basic building needs, neither as regards easiness of application nor regarding provided performances. Such a system indeed exploits the normal procedures of a most common hollow concrete block which depending on the sought aims is integrated with reinforcement rods and casted with concrete in its interior to the end of providing resilience and solidity to the structure. Moreover, the system of the prior art, not being suitable for the residential buildings, because of the new regulations, it could even find application for the buildings constructed with the limiting bearing walls structure, i.e. constituted by reinforced concrete structural walls for small flats up to the maximum of two levels, exactly because the process of "casting from above" of the concrete does not allow the use as material of "infill" for the reinforced concrete framework structures, because in this case the anticipated realization of a reinforced concrete framework realized traditionally with open plan and columns-beams and floors for the multilevel buildings does not allow the filling step from above by gravity with the concrete, exactly because the passage below the beams and the floors would be obstructed by the same structural elements realized beforehand. In the building constructions indeed exist two main building technologies from which the multiple use applications of the building materials follow.

First of all the bearing walls buildings, since ancient times by stone and/or tuff and then from the last century with reinforced concrete walls or with concrete prefabricated blocks. For completion of the walls, the normal coverings are subsequently applied for floors and coverings realized with iron or concrete beams systems with relevant brick hollow blocks or brick hollow flat blocks.

There exist a reinforced concrete framework buildings. From the foundation comes out pillars and connection beams whereon the floors lean, which are also realized in different ways.

The building system according to the invention provides, unlike the system of the document US 3552076, besides its use depending on the building energetically optimized with all the above mentioned requirements, its full application both for:

- a reinforced concrete bearing masonry structure which is called "with bearing walls" for antiseismic buildings up to 4/5 floors; and

- the simple plastering of the building envelope realized with reinforced concrete framework made by columns and beams.

Indeed, the building system according to the invention provides also the possibility of lateral filling by means of real injections in the modular devices, by making lateral bores during application and by pumping inside the walls built with the modular devices according to the invention, by means of machines which are of current use in the building sites, i.e. by means of low/very low pressure pumping, enlightened and/or pre-mixed concretes. The saturation of the spaces of the module device can be verified exactly because this is realized by transparent material. One will be therefore able to realize plasterings of the external walls for multi-floor buildings (from 0 to 100 and besides), with bearing structure realized with the reinforced concrete framework technique constituted therefore by beams and the pillars, which represents today 90% of the worldwide market of the new buildings. Finally, it is to be stressed that the building system according to the invention, unlike the document US 3552076, provides also the closure of the vertical masonries with the relevant floors to be used for all the floors of the new buildings, as well as for the coverings both flat or tilted of the last floor. The whole is made of (virgin or recycled) plastic material totally innovative and enlightened, but conforming to the current law provisions for the static and accidental loads for every type of building trade.

The present invention has been described for illustrative but not limitative purposes, according to its preferred embodiments, but it is to be understood that modifications and/or changes can be introduced by those skilled in the art without departing from the relevant scope as defined in the enclosed claims.

Claims

1. Modular device for the buildings of masonry walls, comprising two parallel end walls (110, 130) between which it is formed at least a space (160, 170), said two parallel end walls (110, 130) being connected by a plurality of bridges (150, 140) which do not cover the whole area transversal to said two parallel end walls (110, 130), characterised in that it further comprises at least a central wall (120) between said two parallel end walls which form with these corresponding at least a first space (160) and a second space (170) suitable to be filled respectively by insulating polyurethane foams and concrete, and in that:

- said at least a central wall (120) is connected to said two parallel end walls (110, 130) by means of said plurality of bridges (150, 140);

- a first wall (110) of said two parallel end walls (110, 130) comprises at least an internal space for the ventilation;

- a second wall (130) of said two parallel end walls (110, 130) comprises at least an internal space for the wiring;

2. Modular device according to claim 1 , characterised in that one or more bridges in said plurality of bridges (150, 140) are bored in order to provide suitable communication apertures between the spaces defined between said bridges along the direction parallel to said central wall (120).

3. Modular device according to claim 2, characterised in that said one or more bridges comprises the end bridges in the direction parallel to said two parallel end walls (110, 130) in such a way to guarantee, in use, communication apertures between more than one modular device.

4. Modular device according to any claim 1 to 3, characterised in that the external surfaces of the two parallel end walls (110, 130) are constituted by rough surfaces.

5. Modular device according to claim 4, characterised in that said rough surfaces are obtained by means of embosses selected in the group consisting of: Greek key corrugation, corrugation, pricking, shaping, indentation on flat surfaces.

6. Modular device according to any claim 1 to 5, characterised in 5 that it can take an open configuration and a collapsed configuration, and to this end said central wall (120) is divided into an even number of central wall independent parts (121 , 122, 123, 124) connected by a reversible connection on an only plane in open configuration, each of said central wall independent parts (121 , 122, 123, 124) being connected to at least0 one of said two parallel end walls (110, 130) by one or more bridges of said plurality of bridges (150, 140), and wherein:

each of said one or more bridges comprises:

o a first and portion (144, 154) connected with a rigid connection to said at least one of said two parallel end walls (110, 130), and5 o a main portion (146, 156) connected with a rotatable connection

(142, 152) to said first end portion (144, 154) and to the relevant parallel end wall (110, 130),

in such a way that each of said central wall independent parts (121 , 122, 123, 124) can be brought towards said at least one of said two o parallel end walls (110, 130) parallel to it;

said central wall independent parts (121 , 122, 123, 124) are subdivided into a first half (122, 123) and a second half (121 , 124) of central parts (122, 123), the parts of said first half (122,123):

o being connected with an only bridge (140, 150) to only one of5 said two parallel end walls (110,130),

o presenting the relevant first end portions (144, 154) shorter than those relevant to the second half (121 , 124),

in such a way that the parts of said second half (121 , 124) be suitable to be brought onto the parts of said first half (122, 123), 0 crushed towards said only one of said two parallel end walls ( 10,

130), when said two parallel end walls (110, 130) are crushed against each other,

in such a way that all the central walls independent parts (121 , 122, 123, 124) be suitable to be brought in a position substantially parallel to said two parallel end walls (110, 130) and remain inside said modular device in the collapsed configuration.

7. Modular device according to claim 6, characterised in that each one of said one or more bridges comprises a second end portion (145,

155) connected to at least a main portion (146, 156), and connected by a rotatable connection (143, 153) to the relevant central wall independent part (121 , 122, 123, 124).

8. Modular device according to claim 7, characterised in that the second end portion (145, 155) connected to the parts of said first half

(122, 123) is connected by a rotatable connection (147,157), whilst the second end portion (145,155) connected to the parts of said second half (121 , 124) is connected by a rigid connection (147,157).

9. Modular device according to any claim 6 to 8, characterised in that the rotatable connection considered each time (142,152; 143,153;

147,157) is a disposable connection integrally formed in said rigid, fireproof and self-extinguishing plastic.

10. Modular device according to any claim 6 to 8, characterised in that said reversible connection is a male-female connection operated by a suitable lateral profile of said central walls independent parts (121 , 122, 123, 124) on the facing sides in said only a plane in the open configuration.

11. Modular device according to any claim 6 to 10, characterised in that said even number of wall parts is equal to 4, said first half being constituted by the two most internal parts, in the direction parallel to said two parallel end walls (110, 130).

12. Modular device (300) for the construction of reinforced concrete beams, characterised in that it comprises three parallel walls (310, 320, 330), united on a side by means of a transversal wall (340), thus forming a space for the casting of the concrete that will form the beam, and a space for the laying of a thermal-acoustic insulator.

13. Modular device (I OO₃) for the construction of reinforced concrete columns, characterised in that it comprises two walls disposed in such a way to form a right angle, the walls being hollow and suitable to receive a thermal-acoustic insulating material.

14. Modular device (200) for the building of floors, characterised in that it comprises one or more internal spaces (210), and in that it has a rectangular cross-section with male-female interlockings on the sides with a pre-shaping (220) on one of the two main surfaces, called "extrados", said pre-shaping (220) being suitable, in use, once the modules are disposed to form the floor, to receive a electro-welded pillar with triangular cross-section and a subsequent structural concrete casting concurrently with the floor concrete slab.

15. Building systems for the construction of buildings, comprising a plurality of modules for the construction of various parts of a building, i.e. a plurality of modular devices according to any claim 1 to 11 , a plurality of modular devices according to claim 12, a plurality of modular devices according to claim 13, and a plurality of modular devices according to claim 14.