WO2012077750A1 - 高強度焼結成形体の製造方法およびその製造装置 - Google Patents
高強度焼結成形体の製造方法およびその製造装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012077750A1 WO2012077750A1 PCT/JP2011/078414 JP2011078414W WO2012077750A1 WO 2012077750 A1 WO2012077750 A1 WO 2012077750A1 JP 2011078414 W JP2011078414 W JP 2011078414W WO 2012077750 A1 WO2012077750 A1 WO 2012077750A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/02—Compacting only
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/1017—Multiple heating or additional steps
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
- B22F1/105—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material containing inorganic lubricating or binding agents, e.g. metal salts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
- B22F2003/145—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously by warm compacting, below debindering temperature
Definitions
- a high-strength sintered compact that produces a compacted compact with high density by pressing the mixed powder twice to form a compact compact with high density and subjecting this compacted compact to sintering treatment
- the present invention relates to a manufacturing method and a manufacturing apparatus thereof.
- a metal powder is pressed (compressed) to form a green compact having a predetermined shape, and then the green compact is heated to a temperature close to the melting point of the metal powder.
- a sintered compact (such as a machine part) having a complicated shape and high dimensional accuracy can be manufactured at low cost.
- the former belongs to a proposal that a lubricant is a carbon molecule composite in which ball-like carbon molecules and plate-like carbon molecules are combined (Patent Document 2: JP-A-2009-280908), and the penetration at 25 ° C.
- Patent Document 3 JP 2010-37632 A
- Both are ideas for reducing the frictional resistance between the metal powder and the mold.
- Patent Document 4 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-156002
- Patent Document 5 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Hei 4-
- No. 231404 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 231404
- Patent Document 6 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-181701
- the first warm forming / sintering powder metallurgy method is to preheat a metal powder mixed with a solid lubricant and a liquid lubricant to melt part (or all) of the lubricant and to apply the lubricant between the particles. Disperse.
- the moldability is improved by reducing the frictional resistance between the particles and between the particles and the mold.
- an iron powder mixture containing an alloying component is pressed in a die (die) to produce a green compact, and this compact is then heated to 870 ° C.
- Pre-sintered for 5 minutes to produce a pre-sintered body pressurizing this pre-sintered body to produce a pre-sintered body that has been pressed twice, and then pre-sintered twice.
- This is a method for producing a sintered part by sintering a body at 1000 ° C. for 5 minutes.
- the mold is pre-heated and the lubricant is charged and adhered to the inner surface, and then the iron-based powder mixture (iron-based powder + lubricated) heated in the mold.
- Agent powder press-molded at a predetermined temperature to form an iron-based powder molded body, then subject the iron-based powder molded body to sintering treatment, further bright quenching, and then tempering treatment. This is a method for producing an iron-based sintered body.
- any conventional improvement measures relating to the lubricant and the pressure molding / sintering process are likely to be complicated and expensive. Handling is also cumbersome. Moreover, even if such a great disadvantage is perceived, the density of the green compact is at most about 7.4 g / cm 3 (94% of the true density). In addition, if there is a residue generated due to the combustion of the lubricant, the quality of the compacted body that has been press-molded is degraded. Therefore, the actual manufacturing density is 7.3 g / cm 3 or less. That is, the mechanical strength is insufficient.
- Patent Document 7 JP-A-2002-343657
- a magnetic powder whose surface is coated with a coating containing a silicone resin and a pigment is preformed to form a preform, and the preform is subjected to heat treatment at a temperature of 500 ° C. or more.
- the heat-treated body is then subjected to compression molding. If the temperature for the heat treatment is 500 ° C. or lower, fracture is likely to occur during the subsequent compression molding, and if it is 1000 ° C.
- the insulating coating is decomposed and the insulating properties are burned out.
- This high temperature treatment is performed in vacuum, in an inert gas atmosphere or in a reducing gas atmosphere from the viewpoint of preventing oxidation of the preform. Therefore, it is more complicated and individualized than other proposed methods, and it is difficult to implement and implement, resulting in a significant increase in manufacturing cost. Not suitable for mass production.
- Patent Documents 1 to 7 can meet the industry's request to reliably manufacture a sintered compact with high mechanical strength at low cost.
- the mechanical strength depends on the final sintering process, but there are many ideas.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a high-strength sintered molded body and a production apparatus therefor, which can reliably and stably produce a sintered molded body having high mechanical strength at low cost.
- the pressure molding process establishes a mixed powder as a specific form, and is considered as a pre-stage (preliminary) mechanical process of the high-temperature sintering process and has been treated as such. In other words, it is considered that the increase in strength was left to the final sintering process.
- the density of the green compact can be greatly increased by devising the pressure molding process, which was considered to be the previous (preliminary) mechanical process, the subsequent sintering process should be kept as before. However, as a result, the mechanical strength of the sintered compact should be greatly increased.
- the present invention relates to the effectiveness of the lubricant during pressurization, the compression limit including the lubricant powder, the spatial occupancy in the mixed powder of the lubricant powder, the spatial arrangement state of the base metal powder and the lubricant powder, Research on their behavior, residual state of residue (solidified particles of lubricant), partial diffusion of metal particles with vaporization of lubricant and final disposal of lubricant, and general pressure molding machine It was created based on the analysis of the properties, the compression limit and the influence on the density (strength) of the green compact.
- the primary compacted body is molded by the first pressurization while maintaining the powder state of the lubricant, and then the lubricant is heated and liquefied, whereby the lubrication aspect in the primary compacted body is changed.
- the secondary compacted body is made by modifying the primary compacted body by applying a second pressurization to increase the density, and then the secondary compacted body is sintered to obtain high strength.
- the sintered compact is molded.
- the present invention provides an epoch-making method and apparatus capable of reliably and stably producing a high-strength sintered compact at a low cost.
- a method for producing a high-strength sintered compact is a pressure molding process in which a powder compact is formed by pressurizing a mixed powder that is a mixture of a base metal powder and a lubricant powder. And a sintering forming step of forming a sintered compact having high mechanical strength by sintering the green compact, and a first pressure forming step in which the pressure forming step sandwiches the heating temperature raising step, The first pressure forming step applies a first pressure to the mixed powder at a room temperature below the melting point of the lubricant powder in the first mold, and the first pressure forming step applies the primary pressure.
- the powder compact is to be molded, and the heating temperature raising step is to heat the primary powder compact to raise the temperature of the primary powder compact to the melting point equivalent temperature of the lubricant powder,
- the primary It is intended to mold the secondary green compact densified by a second pressing force added to the powder molded body, characterized in that.
- the melting point of the lubricant powder can be set to a low melting point within the temperature range of 90 to 190 ° C.
- the first pressing force is selected to be capable of compressing the density of the primary green compact to 7.0 to 7.5 g / cm 3
- the second pressing force is selected to be the secondary pressing force. It can be selected that the density of the green compact can be compressed to 7.75 g / cm 3 .
- the second pressure can be made equal to the first pressure.
- An apparatus for producing a high-strength sintered compact includes a mixed powder feeder capable of supplying and filling a mixed powder, which is a mixture of a base metal powder and a low melting point lubricant powder, to the outside.
- a first pressure molding machine for forming a primary powder compact by applying a first pressing force to the mixed powder filled in the first mold using the mixed powder feeder;
- a heating temperature-raising machine for raising the temperature of the primary green compact taken out from the mold to a temperature corresponding to the melting point of the lubricant powder, and a second mold that can be warmed up to the temperature corresponding to the melting point in advance.
- the heating temperature raising machine and the second pressure molding machine are formed from a heating and pressure molding machine in which these functions are integrated, and heating is applied. It is possible to form the pressure forming machine from a plurality of heat-pressure forming child machines and to form each heat-pressure forming child machine so that it can be selected and operated for each cycle.
- a high-strength sintered compact can be reliably and stably manufactured, and the manufacturing cost can be greatly reduced.
- the equipment economy of the pressure molding machine can be reduced, and the pressure molding process can be easily performed and handled. Indirectly, the production cost of the green compact can be further reduced.
- the manufacturing method of the high-strength sintered molded body according to the above (1) to (5) can be surely carried out, and it is easy to implement and easy to handle.
- the apparatus can be simplified as compared with the above embodiment (6). Simplification of the production line can be promoted and handling becomes easier. In addition, it is possible to match the tact times of the first process forming step, the heating temperature raising step, and the second pressure forming step.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a method for producing a high-strength sintered compact according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a front view for explaining an apparatus for manufacturing a high-density sintered compact and its operation according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3A is a view for explaining a molding operation of the mixed powder in the manufacturing apparatus of the high-density sintered compact according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and is a primary compacted compact with a first mold. The state which is shape
- FIG. 3B is a view for explaining the molding operation of the mixed powder in the high density sintered compact manufacturing apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and the next mixed powder is put in the first mold.
- FIG. 4 is a graph for explaining the relationship between the applied pressure and the density obtained by the applied pressure in the high-density sintered compact manufacturing apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the solid line B shows the molding state of the second mold, and the solid line B shows the molding state of the second mold.
- FIG. 5 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view for explaining the internal state of the cross section of the secondary green compact in the high density sintered compact manufacturing apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6A is a view for explaining a ring-shaped sintered compact (and a secondary compacted compact, a primary compacted compact) in the high-density sintered compact manufacturing apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention. It is an external perspective view.
- FIG. 6B illustrates the elongated round shaft-shaped sintered compact (and the secondary compacted compact, the primary compacted compact) in the high-density sintered compact manufacturing apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. FIG. 7: is a front view for demonstrating the manufacturing apparatus and operation
- FIG. 8A is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view for explaining the internal state of the cross section of the pre-compacted compact after the heat treatment according to the conventional method and the problems thereof, and shows the case where the heat treatment is performed at 500 to 700 ° C.
- FIG. 8B is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view for explaining the internal state of the cross section of the pre-compacted compact after the heat treatment according to the conventional method and the problems thereof, and shows a case where the heat treatment is performed at 700 to 1000 ° C.
- the high-strength sintered compact manufacturing apparatus 1 includes a mixed powder feeder 10, a first pressure molding machine 20, a heating temperature riser 30, and a second pressure molding machine 40. And a sintering machine 80, and a pressure forming step for pressing the mixed powder 100, which is a mixture of the base metal powder and the lubricant powder, to form the green compacts 110 and 115, and the green compact 115.
- the method for producing a high-strength sintered compact including a sintering process for forming a sintered compact 120 having a high mechanical strength by sintering can be stably and reliably performed.
- the technical characteristics of the manufacturing method of the present high-strength sintered compact include the first pressure molding step (PR2) and the second pressure molding step in which the pressure molding step sandwiches the heating temperature raising step (PR3 in FIG. 1). (PR5) and the first pressure molding step (PR2) is performed in the first mold (lower die 21) in the first mixed powder 100 at room temperature below the melting point of the lubricant powder.
- the primary compacting body 110 can be molded by applying the pressure P1, and the heating temperature raising step (PR3) heats the primary compacting body 110 and raises the temperature to the melting point equivalent temperature of the lubricant powder.
- the mixed powder 100 in the present specification means a mixture of a base metal powder and a low melting point lubricant powder.
- the base metal powder there are a case where it consists of only one kind of main metal powder and a case where it consists of one kind of main metal powder and one or a plurality of alloying component powders.
- the case can be adapted.
- the low melting point means that the temperature (melting point) is significantly lower than the melting point (temperature) of the base metal powder and is a temperature (temperature) at which oxidation of the base metal powder can be significantly suppressed. . Specific details will be described later.
- the mixed powder supply machine 10 arranged on the leftmost side (upstream side) of the high-strength molding line converts the mixed powder 100 into the first pressure molding machine 20.
- the mixed powder 100 Since it is important to uniformly and sufficiently fill the mixed powder 100 anywhere in the first mold (lower mold 21), the mixed powder 100 must be in a smooth state. That is, since the form of the internal space (cavity) of the first mold (lower mold 21) is a form according to the product form, even if the product form is complicated or has a narrow portion, the primary pressure In order to guarantee the dimensional accuracy of the powder molded body 110, non-uniform filling and insufficient filling are not allowed.
- the primary green compact 110 (secondary green compact 115) in this embodiment has the ring shape shown in FIG. 6A, and the form of the internal space (cavity) 22 of the first mold corresponds to this. It is finished in the form to do.
- the lubricant for reducing the frictional resistance between the particles of the base metal powder and the frictional resistance between the base metal powder and the inner surface of the mold is a solid (very small granular) in a smooth state at room temperature. Choose one.
- the mixed powder 100 has a high viscosity and low fluidity, so uniform filling and sufficient filling cannot be performed.
- the lubricant is solid and has a predetermined lubricating action. It must be stable. Even if there is a case where a slight temperature increase may occur due to the pressurization of the first pressurizing force P1, it should be kept stable as well.
- the melting point of the lubricant powder is set to the melting point of the base metal powder from the viewpoint of the relationship with the heating temperature raising step (PR3) executed after the molding of the primary compact 110 and the oxidation suppression of the base metal powder. In comparison, it is necessary to have a very low melting point (low melting point).
- the melting point of the lubricant powder is selected as a low melting point belonging to a temperature range of 90 to 190 ° C.
- the lower temperature (90 ° C.) is an upper limit temperature (80 ° C.) of a value (70 to 80 ° C.) that will not reach this temperature even if a certain temperature rise occurs during the molding of the primary green compact.
- the melting point (eg, 110 ° C.) of another metal soap is selected. That is, the concern that the lubricating oil powder is dissolved (liquefied) and flows out during the pressure molding of the primary compacted body is eliminated.
- the upper temperature (190 ° C.) is a minimum value from the viewpoint of expanding selectivity with respect to the type of lubricant powder, and in particular, a maximum value from the viewpoint of suppressing oxidation of the base metal powder during the heating temperature raising step (PR3). Selected. That is, the lower temperature and the upper temperature in this temperature range (90 to 190 ° C.) should be understood as boundary values rather than limit values.
- the lubricant powder many substances belonging to the metal soap (such as zinc stearate and magnesium stearate) can be selectively employed as the lubricant powder. Since the lubricant must be in a powder state, a viscous liquid such as zinc octylate cannot be used.
- zinc stearate powder having a melting point of 120 ° C. was used as the lubricant powder.
- a pressure molding is performed while using a lubricant having a temperature (melting point) lower than the mold temperature at the time of pressure molding and dissolving (liquefying) the lubricant from the beginning. The idea of performing is denied. If the dissolved lubricant flows out before the molding of the primary green compact 110, the insufficiently lubricated part is likely to occur on the way, so that sufficient pressure molding cannot be performed reliably and stably. It is.
- the amount of lubricant powder shall be a value selected from empirical rules through test studies (0.02 to 0.12% by weight of the total amount of mixed powder). Preferably, it is 0.03 to 0.10% by weight. 0.03% by weight is a value that can ensure the best lubricating action until the molding of the primary compact 110, and 0.10% by weight is expected when the mixed powder 100 is changed to the primary compact 110. This is the best value to obtain the compression ratio.
- 0.03% by weight is a value that can ensure the best lubricating action until the molding of the primary compact 110, and 0.10% by weight is expected when the mixed powder 100 is changed to the primary compact 110. This is the best value to obtain the compression ratio.
- the first pressure molding machine 20 uses the mixed powder feeder 10 to apply the first pressure P1 to the mixed powder 100 filled in the first mold 21 to form the primary compact 110.
- it is a press machine structure.
- the mold is composed of a lower mold 21 on the bolster side and an upper mold 25 on the slide 5 side.
- the cavity 22 of the lower mold 21 has a shape (annular cylindrical shape) corresponding to the form (ring shape) of the primary compact 110.
- the upper mold 25 can be pushed into the lower mold 21 (22) and is moved up and down by the slide 5.
- a movable member 23 is fitted below the cavity 22 so as to be displaced in the vertical direction.
- the movable member 23 is displaced upward by a knockout pin (not shown) protruding through a through hole 24 provided below the ground level GL. That is, the primary compacting body 110 in the mold [21 (22)] can be pushed up to the transfer level HL.
- the first compacting body 110 in the mold [21 (22)] serves as a first take-out means for taking out to the outside (HL).
- the movable member 23 After the primary green compact 110 is transferred to the heating warmer 30 side, the movable member 23 returns to the initial position together with the knockout pin. But you may form the 1st extraction means from other special means.
- the horizontal axis indicates the applied pressure P as an index.
- the maximum capacity (pressing force P) in this embodiment is 10 Ton / cm 2, and this is taken as 100 on the horizontal axis.
- Pb is a mold breakage pressure and has a horizontal axis index of 140 (14 Ton / cm 2 ).
- the vertical axis indicates the density ⁇ as an index.
- the vertical axis index (100) is the density ⁇ (7.6 g / cm 3 ).
- the vertical axis index 102 corresponds to the density ⁇ (7.75 g / cm 3 ).
- the density ⁇ (7.0 g / cm 3 , 7.5 g / cm 3 ) corresponds to the vertical axis index (92, 98).
- the density ⁇ obtained by the first pressure molding machine 20 increases according to the curve indicated by the broken line A.
- the density ⁇ is 7.6 g / cm 3 at the first pressure P1 (the horizontal axis index is 100). Even if the first pressure P1 is increased to a value higher than this, the increase in the density ⁇ is minimal. Strong risk of mold damage.
- the primary compacting body 110 molded by the first press molding machine 20 is heated to promote dissolution (liquefaction) of the lubricant, and then the second press molding machine.
- the second pressure forming process is performed.
- a high density (7.75 g / cm 3 ) corresponding to the vertical axis index 102 is achieved as shown by a solid line B in FIG. it can. Details will be added in the description of the second pressure molding machine 40.
- the heating temperature increasing device 30 heats the primary compacting body 110 taken out from the first mold 21 to positively adjust the temperature of the primary compacting body 110 to the temperature corresponding to the melting point of the lubricant powder. It is a means to raise the temperature.
- the heating warmer 30 includes a hot air generating source (not shown), a blowing hood 31, an exhaust circulation hood 33, and the like, and the primary compacting body 110 positioned on the wire mesh holding member 32 is heated. Air is blown and heated, and the temperature is raised to the melting point equivalent temperature (120 ° C.) of the lubricant powder.
- the melting point of zinc stearate is 120 ° C.
- the dense portion has low friction, so the compressibility is superior and the compression is likely to proceed. Since the sparse part has high friction, the compressibility is inferior and the compression is delayed. In any case, a compression progression difficulty phenomenon occurs in accordance with a preset value of the first pressure P1. That is, a compression limit occurs. Under this condition, when the fracture surface of the primary green compact 110 taken out from the mold 21 is enlarged and observed, the base metal powder is pressed in an integral manner in the dense portion. However, lubricant powder is also mixed in. In the sparse part, a slight gap (hole) remains between the pressed base metal powders. Almost no lubricant powder is found.
- the primary powder compact 110 after the completion of the first pressure molding is heated to a temperature corresponding to the melting point of the lubricant powder (120 ° C.) to dissolve (liquefy) the lubricant powder. Increase fluidity.
- the lubricant that has melted out from the dense part soaks into the periphery and is replenished to the part that has been sparse. Therefore, the frictional resistance between the particles of the base metal powder can be reduced, and the pores occupied by the lubricant powder can also be compressed. The frictional resistance between the base metal powder particles and the inner surface of the mold can also be reduced.
- a preform (corresponding to the primary compact 110) is heat-treated (strained) in a high-temperature atmosphere (500 to 1000 ° C). To be removed). Indeed, this conventional heat treatment is presumed to be the source of the deterioration of quality and the prevention of strength improvement of the green compact.
- the lubricant melts when the green compact is heat-treated in the low temperature range (500-700 ° C) related to the above-mentioned 500-1000 ° C. Thereafter, when the temperature is returned to room temperature, the lubricant is solidified to bond the metal particles. As a result, as shown in FIG. 8A, a large amount of solidified particles of the lubricant (unnecessary material 108) remain in the voids and in the gaps between the metal particles (101) in the green compact.
- the second compacting process is performed on the compacted article 110 in which the compacted compact is heated to the melting point of the lubricant and the temperature is maintained. Inside the green compact 110 maintained at this temperature, carbonization does not occur, and the lubricant is in a meltable and flowable state. In this state, when a pressure molding process such as a press machine is performed, the melted lubricant present inside is squeezed out and flows out from the green compact 110 to the outside. As a result, as shown in FIG. 5, almost no unnecessary matter (residue or the like) 108 remains inside the green compact (secondary green compact 115) after completion of the press molding process. That is, it is possible to mold the green compact 115 having extremely high density and high mechanical strength.
- the second pressure molding machine 40 for executing this second compacting process has a second mold 41 that can be warmed up to the temperature corresponding to the melting point in advance, and the second mold that has been warmed up. This is a means for forming a secondary compacted green body 115 having a high density by applying a second pressure P2 to the heated primary compacted compact 110 set in the mold 41.
- the maximum capacity (pressing force P) of the second pressure molding machine 40 in this embodiment is 10 Ton / cm 2 as in the case of the first pressure molding machine 20.
- the first pressure molding machine 20 and the second pressure molding machine 40 are configured as one press machine, and the upper molds 25 and 45 can be moved up and down synchronously by the common slide 5 shown in FIG. Also from this point, the apparatus economy is advantageous, and the molding cost of the secondary green compact 115 can be reduced.
- the value of the 2nd applied pressure P2 should just be more than the value of the 1st applied pressure.
- the first pressure molding machine 20 and the second pressure molding machine 40 are constituted by two press machines, and the maximum capacity (pressure P) of the second pressure molding machine 40 and the first The maximum capacity (pressure P) of the pressure molding machine 20 may be different.
- the mold is composed of a lower die 41 on the bolster side and an upper die 45 on the slide 5 side.
- the cavity 42 of the lower mold 41 has a shape (annular cylindrical shape) corresponding to the shape (ring shape) of the pressure molded body 115 at the lower part, and the upper part is slightly so as to receive the primary compacted body 110. It has a large form.
- the upper mold 45 can be pushed into the lower mold 41 (42) and is moved up and down by the slide 5.
- a movable member 43 is fitted below the cavity 42 so as to be displaceable in the vertical direction.
- the metal mold (41) and the metal mold (21) have been adjusted in height (position) corresponding to the vertical dimension difference between the objects to be compressed (110 and 115).
- the movable member 43 is displaced upward by a knockout pin (not shown) that protrudes through a through hole 44 provided below the ground level GL. That is, the secondary compacting body 115 in the second mold [41 (42)] can be pushed up to the transfer level HL.
- the second compacting body 115 in the mold [41 (42)] serves as a second take-out means for taking out to the outside (HL).
- the second take-out means may be formed from other special means.
- the second mold [41 (42)] is provided with a warm-up means 47 capable of changing the set temperature.
- the warming-up means 47 allows the second mold [41 (42) to reach the melting point equivalent temperature (120 ° C.) of the lubricant powder (zinc stearate) until the primary compact 110 is received (set). )] Warms up (warms up).
- the heated primary compact 110 can be received without being cooled. As a result, the lubricating action can be ensured while preventing re-solidification of the previously dissolved (liquefied) lubricant.
- the warm-up means 47 can be heated until the secondary compacted body 115 is completely pressed. In this way, the fluidity of the dissolved lubricant in all directions during pressure molding can be further improved, so that the frictional resistance between the particles and the mold 41 (42) as well as between the particles is greatly increased. Can be reduced and maintained.
- the warm-up means 47 is an electric heating system, it can also be implemented by a hot oil or hot water circulation system.
- the density ⁇ obtained by the second pressure molding machine 40 follows a straight line indicated by a solid line B. That is, unlike the case of the first pressure molding machine 20 (broken line A), the density ⁇ does not gradually increase as the second pressure P2 is increased. That is, the density ⁇ does not increase until the final first pressure P1 (for example, the horizontal axis index 50, 75, or 85) in the first pressure molding step is exceeded. When the second pressure P2 exceeds the final first pressure P1, the density ⁇ increases at a stretch. It is understood that the second pressure molding is performed as if the first pressure molding was continuously taken over.
- the first pressure molding step it is not necessary to perform an operation in which the first pressure P1 is increased to a value (horizontal axis index 100) corresponding to the maximum capacity at any time. That is, it is possible to eliminate energy consumption for a useless time when the first pressure molding is continued after the compression limit. This leads to reduced manufacturing costs. Moreover, since it becomes easy to avoid the overload operation exceeding the horizontal axis index 100, there is no fear of die damage. Overall, handling is easy and safe and stable operation is possible.
- the first pressure P1 is set to an equivalent pressure (any value of the ordinate index 92 to 98) that can increase the density ⁇ to 7.0 to 7.5 g / cm 3.
- the molding process is selected and set.
- 7.5 g / cm 3 (vertical index 98) is the upper value that does not enter the dangerous area exceeding the vertical index 100
- 7.0 g / cm 3 (vertical index 92) is wider than the upper value. Selected as the lower value. This is for handling (pressurization setting etc.) and facilitating operation.
- the second pressing force P2 corresponds to the vertical axis index 92 ( ⁇ 98) to 100, and the secondary compacted body 115 having a density ⁇ (7.75 g / cm 3 ) corresponding to the vertical axis index 102.
- the sintering machine 80 is formed from a continuous sintering furnace, and the secondary compacted body 115 introduced through the shooter 59 is continuously conveyed at a low speed by a conveyor (not shown). While being moved, the sintering process can be performed for a predetermined time at a predetermined temperature. A plurality of secondary green compacts 115 can be sintered efficiently and uniformly. That is, it is possible to manufacture a sintered molded body 120 with higher strength.
- the sintering machine 80 is not shown. In addition, you may form the sintering processing machine 80 from a batch type sintering furnace.
- the sintering temperature is usually about 1120 ° C for iron-based materials and about 1250 ° C for high-temperature sintering. Since the sintering proceeds even in the process of increasing the temperature, the maximum temperature holding time of about 30 minutes is sufficient.
- the values of the sintering temperature and the sintering time (conveyor speed) are configured to be changeable.
- the second green compact 115 is in a state where there is almost no unnecessary matter (residue or the like) 108 (high density), so that the contact area between the metal particles (101) and the metal particles (101) is large.
- diffusion bonding can be promoted in a wider area, so that a significant improvement in mechanical properties (strength) can be expected.
- the workpiece transfer means 50 is the predetermined compact in the heating warmer 30 for the primary compacted body 110 taken out from the first mold 21 by the first take-out means (23, 24) in FIG. 3A.
- the first compacted green body 110 after the temperature rise can be transported from a predetermined position in the heating temperature riser 30 to the second mold 41, and can be transported to the position by the second take-out means (43, 44).
- the secondary green compact 115 taken out from the second mold 41 is formed so as to be transportable to the discharge shooter 59.
- the workpiece transfer means 50 of this embodiment is composed of three feed bars 51, 52, 53 that are operated synchronously as shown in FIG. 3B.
- the feed bars 51, 52, and 53 are advanced from the depth side of the sheet of FIG. 3A to the front (FIG. 3B) transfer line at the time of a transfer request, and then move back from the left to the right and then retreat to their original positions.
- the setting means (52, 43, 44) sets the heated primary compact 110 to the second mold 42 warmed to the melting point equivalent temperature.
- the workpiece transfer means may include a finger or the like driven in a two-dimensional or three-dimensional direction, and may be formed from a transfer device that sequentially transfers the workpiece to each mold. Further, the secondary green compact 115 can be formed so as to be transportable to the sintering machine 80.
- the high-strength sintered molding method is performed as follows.
- the mixed powder 100 in a smooth state is procured by mixing the base metal powder and 0.03 ( ⁇ 0.10) wt% lubricant powder (zinc stearate powder). A predetermined amount is supplied to the mixed powder feeder 10 (step PR0 in FIG. 1).
- the mixed powder supplier 10 is moved from a predetermined position (solid line) to a replenishment position (broken line) as shown in FIG. 3B.
- the supply port of the mixed powder supplier 10 is opened, and a fixed amount of the mixed powder 100 is filled into the empty lower mold 21 (22) of the first pressure molding machine 20 (step PR1 in FIG. 1). For example, it can be filled in 2 seconds.
- the supply port is closed, and the mixed powder supply machine 10 returns to a predetermined position (solid line).
- the primary powder compact 110 is molded in the mold (21) (step PR2 in FIG. 1). Thereafter, the upper die 25 is raised by the slide 5.
- the second pressure molding machine 40 the second pressure molding process related to the primary compacted green body 110 is performed in synchronization.
- the first take-out means (23) works, and the primary compacted body 110 is pushed up to the transfer level HL. That is, it is taken out from the lower mold 21. Then, as shown in FIG. 3B, the workpiece transfer means 50 works, and the primary compacting body 110 is transferred toward the heating temperature riser 30 by the transfer bar 51. At this stage, the movable member 23 is returned to the initial position below. The primary compact 110 after the transfer is positioned on the wire mesh holding member (32) as shown in FIG. 3A.
- Heating temperature In FIG. 3A, the heating warmer 30 is activated. Hot air is blown from the blowing hood 31 and the temperature of the primary green compact 110 is raised to the melting point equivalent temperature (120 ° C.) of the lubricant powder (step PR3 in FIG. 1). That is, the lubricant is dissolved, and the lubricant distribution in the primary compact 110 is uniformly modified by the flow.
- the heating temperature raising time is, for example, 8 to 10 seconds.
- the hot air is recirculated through the wire mesh holding member 32 and the exhaust circulation hood 33.
- the heated primary compact 110 is transferred to the second pressure molding machine 40 by the workpiece transfer means 50 (transfer bar 52) and positioned above the lower die 41. Is set on the movable member 43 in the lower mold 41 (42) (step PR4 in FIG. 1).
- the warm-up means 47 works, and before the primary compacting body 110 is received (set), the mold [41 (42)] is moved to the temperature corresponding to the melting point of the lubricant powder. Warm to 120 ° C. Thereafter, re-solidification of the lubricant in the temperature-primed primary compact 110 that has been received can be prevented.
- the upper die 45 moves down together with the slide 5 of FIG. 2 as shown in FIG. 3A and starts to pressurize the primary powder compact 110 in the lower die 41 (42) with the second pressure P2.
- Liquid lubricant provides sufficient lubrication.
- the lubricant flows in all directions as the pressure molding proceeds, the frictional resistance between the particles and the mold can be efficiently reduced as well as between the particles.
- the density ⁇ of the compressed primary compact 110 is increased according to the solid line B in FIG. That is, when the second pressing force P2 exceeds the horizontal axis index (for example, 95...
- the density ⁇ suddenly increases from 7.25 g / cm 3 to the density ⁇ corresponding to the vertical axis index 102. It increases to (7.75 g / cm 3 ).
- the second applied pressure P2 is increased to an abscissa index of 100 (10 Ton / cm 2 )
- the density ⁇ (7.75 g / cm 3 ) becomes uniform as a whole.
- the secondary green compact 115 is molded in the mold (41) (step PR5 in FIG. 1). Thereafter, the upper mold 45 is raised by the slide 5. Note that, in the first pressure molding machine 20, the first pressure molding process for the subsequent primary powder compact 110 is performed synchronously.
- the 2nd taking-out means (43) works and the secondary compacting body 115 is pushed up to the transfer level HL. That is, it is taken out from the lower mold 41. Then, as shown in FIG. 3B, the workpiece transfer means 50 operates, and the secondary compacting body 115 is transferred toward the discharge chute 59 by the transfer bar 53. At this stage, the movable member 43 is returned to the initial position below.
- the first pressure forming process, the heating temperature raising process and the second pressure forming process for the metal powder 100 supplied and filled in order can be executed synchronously. Therefore, the secondary compacted body 115 can be formed in a cycle time of 12 to 14 seconds obtained by adding a workpiece transfer time (for example, 2 to 4 seconds) to the longest heating temperature raising time (10 seconds).
- the secondary green compact 115 introduced from the discharge chute 59 is sintered in the sintering machine 80.
- the green compact 115 shown in FIG. 5 becomes a sintered compact 120 that is further enhanced in strength by sintering.
- the supply of the sintered compact 120 (for example, parts for automobiles and equipment for small and light complex shapes and high mechanical strength) can be stabilized, and can greatly contribute to the reduction of production costs thereof.
- Example 1 A mixed powder 100 was prepared by mixing 0.03 ( ⁇ 0.10) wt% of lubricant powder (zinc stearate powder) with base metal powder (pure iron powder for machine parts).
- the primary compacted body 110 having a density of 7.0 ( ⁇ 7.5) g / cm 3 was molded by pressure molding with the first pressure P1. When the mixing amount was 0.03% by weight, the first pressure molding process could be performed most smoothly.
- the primary green compact 110 heated to 120 ° C. is press-molded by the second pressure P2 to form a secondary green compact 115 having a density ⁇ 7.75 g / cm 3 corresponding to the longitudinal index 102. did.
- the sintered compact 120 with increased mechanical strength was obtained by subjecting the secondary green compact 115 to a sintering treatment at 1150 ° C. for 30 minutes.
- Mechanical strength eg, tensile force
- the density is increased in the second pressure forming step before the sintering process as compared with the conventional method, mechanical parts with further increased mechanical strength can be efficiently manufactured by sintering. I was able to.
- a high-strength finish can be achieved even with the elongated round shaft shape shown in FIG.
- Example 2 Mixed powder 100 was prepared by mixing 0.03 ( ⁇ 0.10) wt% of lubricant powder (zinc stearate powder) with base metal powder (Fe—Si alloy powder).
- the first green compact 110 having a true density ratio of 70 to 85% was molded by pressure molding with the first pressure P1. When the mixing amount was 0.03% by weight, the first pressure molding process could be performed most smoothly.
- the primary green compact 110 heated to 120 ° C. is press-molded with the second pressure P2 to form a secondary green compact 115 having a true density ratio of 85 to 95% corresponding to the longitudinal index 102. did. Thereafter, the secondary compacted body 115 was subjected to a sintering process at 1150 ° C. for 30 minutes to obtain a sintered compact 120 with further increased mechanical strength. That is, a sintered compact having high mechanical strength as compared with a sintered compact by a conventional molding method could be efficiently produced.
- the first pressure P1 is applied to the mixed powder 100 in the first pressure molding step (in the first mold) and at a room temperature below the melting point of the lubricant powder.
- the primary compacted body 110 is molded, the primary compacted body 110 is heated to a temperature corresponding to the melting point of the lubricant powder in the heating temperature raising step, and then warmed up in the second pressure molding step. 2 to form a secondary green compact 115 having a higher density by applying a second pressing force P2 to the primary green compact 110 at a temperature corresponding to the melting point.
- the high-strength sintered molded body 120 can be reliably and stably manufactured, and the manufacturing cost is greatly reduced. be able to.
- the melting point of the lubricant powder is a low melting point within the temperature range of 90 to 190 ° C., the selectivity of the lubricant can be expanded while promoting the suppression of oxidation.
- the sintered compact 120 having excellent mechanical strength corresponding to the type of the base metal powder. Can be manufactured efficiently and stably at a low cost.
- the second pressing force P2 can be set to a value equal to the first pressing force P1, it is easy to perform and handle the pressure forming step, and indirectly increase the production cost of the green compact. In addition, it can be easily constructed based on, for example, a single press machine.
- the capacity of a conventional apparatus (for example, a press machine) (the horizontal axis index 100 in FIG. 4) could not be increased beyond the density corresponding to the vertical axis index 100, according to the present invention.
- a conventional apparatus for example, a press machine
- the manufacturing apparatus 1 is composed of the mixed powder supply machine 10, the first pressure molding machine 20, the heating temperature raising machine 30, the second pressure molding machine 40, and the sintering machine 80, The manufacturing method of the high-strength sintered compact 120 can be reliably and stably carried out.
- the manufacturing apparatus 1 forms the heating temperature riser 30 and the second pressure molding machine 40 in the case of the first embodiment from a heating and pressure molding machine 70 in which these functions are integrated. It is.
- the heat-pressure molding machine 70 is formed of a plurality of (two in this embodiment) heat-pressure molding child machines 70A, 70B, and each of the heat-pressure molding child machines 70A, 70B is manufactured by control means (not shown). It is possible to select and operate sequentially for each cycle.
- each heating and pressing molding machine 70A (70B) corresponds to the second pressing machine 40 in the first embodiment.
- each heating and pressure molding child machine 70A (70B) has a composite function type heating means having a composite function corresponding to each function of the heating temperature riser 30 and the warming-up means 47 in the case of the first embodiment. 48 is provided.
- the multi-function heating means 48 is an electric heating system having a set temperature switching function.
- the lower mold 41 can be warmed up to the temperature corresponding to the melting point of the lubricant (120 ° C.) in advance (before receiving the primary green compact 110).
- the calorific value is largely switched so that the entire primary green compact 110 can be heated to a temperature corresponding to the melting point of the lubricant (120 ° C.). It is also possible to selectively switch the heating part. After the heating temperature rise, the same second heat forming process as that of the second pressure molding machine 40 in the first embodiment is performed.
- the multi-function heating unit 48 functions so as to be able to maintain the temperature of the primary green compact 110 at the lubricant melting point equivalent temperature (120 ° C.) or higher during the second thermoforming process.
- each heating and pressing molding child machine 20, 70 ⁇ / b> A, 70 ⁇ / b> B has an independent press machine structure, and each slide 5, 5 ⁇ / b> A, 5 ⁇ / b> B is driven up and down by rotation control of each machine motor. . That is, when one (the other) of each of the heating and pressing child machines 70A and 70B performs a pressure molding operation, the other (one) is preheated and does not perform the pressure molding operation. The same applies to the case where the hot press molding machine 70 is formed from three or more hot press molding slaves in relation to the manufacturing cycle time.
- the first primary compacting body 110 is being pressure-molded by the first thermoforming machine 20, while the second thermocompressing machine 70A (or 70B) is the second.
- the first primary green compact 110 is heated and heated, and the first primary green compact 110 is set as the secondary green compact 115 by the other heating and pressing compactor 70B (or 70A). Pressure molding is performed as much as possible.
- the sintering machine 80 is in the process of forming a sintered compact 120 by subjecting a plurality of secondary compacts 115 introduced before to the sintering process.
- the heating and pressing molding machine 70 may be constructed from a plurality of pressing molding machines 70A and 70B having the same structure, so that it is compared with the case of the first embodiment.
- the device can be simplified. Simplification of the production line can be promoted and handling becomes easier.
- the tact times of the first pressurizing step, the heating temperature raising step, and the second pressurizing step can be matched.
- the first pressure molding machine 20 and the heating and pressure molding machine 70A (or 70B) or the first pressure molding machine 20 and each of the heating and pressure molding machines 70A and 70B are combined into one press machine. It can also be constructed as a structure.
- Manufacturing apparatus for high-strength sintered compacts 10. Mixed powder feeder, 20. First press forming machine, 30. Heating temperature riser, 40. Second press forming machine, 47. Warming-up means, 48. Multifunction heating. Means, 50 workpiece transfer means, 70 heating and pressing molding machine, 70A, 70B heating and pressing molding machine, 80 sintering processing machine, 100 mixed powder, 101 iron powder, 108 unnecessary (residue), 109 void, 110 Primary compacted compact, 115 Secondary compacted compact, 120 Sintered compact, 128 Partially sintered
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Abstract
Description
本高強度焼結成形体の製造装置1は、図1~図6Bに示す如く、混合粉末供給機10と第1の加圧成形機20と加熱昇温機30と第2の加圧成形機40と焼結処理機80とを具備し、基金属粉末と潤滑剤粉末との混合物である混合粉末100を加圧して圧粉成形体110、115を成形する加圧成形工程と圧粉成形体115を焼結処理して機械的強度の高い焼結成形体120を成形する焼結成形工程とを含む高強度焼結成形体の製造方法を安定・確実に実施することができる。
基金属粉末と0.03(~0.10)重量%の潤滑剤粉末(ステアリン酸亜鉛粉末)を混合してサラサラ状態の混合粉末100を調達する。所定量だけ混合粉末供給機10に補給する(図1の工程PR0)。
所定タイミングにおいて、混合粉末供給機10が図3Bに示すように所定位置(実線)から補給位置(破線)に移動される。次いで、混合粉末供給機10の供給口が開放され、第1の加圧成形機20の空の下型21(22)内に定量の混合粉末100が充填される(図1の工程PR1)。例えば2秒間で充填できる。充填後に供給口が閉鎖され、混合粉末供給機10は所定位置(実線)に戻る。
図2のスライド5とともに第1の加圧成形機20の上型25が下降して下型21(22)内の混合粉末100を第1の加圧力P1で加圧する第1の加圧成形処理がはじまる。固形状の潤滑剤は十分な潤滑作用を営む。圧縮された1次圧粉成形体110の密度ρは、図4の破線Aにしたがって高くなる。第1の加圧力P1が横軸指数(例えば、95)相当の圧力(9.5Ton/cm2)になると、密度ρが7.25g/cm3(縦軸指数95相当)に高まる。例えば8秒間の加圧成形が終了すると、図3Aに示すように金型(21)内に1次圧粉成形体110が成形されている(図1の工程PR2)。その後、スライド5により上型25が上昇する。なお、第2の加圧成形機40では、先の1次圧粉成形体110に関する第2の加圧成形処理が同期して行われている。
第1の取出手段(23)が働き、1次圧粉成形体110が移送レベルHLに突き上げられる。つまり、下型21から取出される。すると、図3Bに示すように、ワーク移送手段50が働き、その移送バー51により1次圧粉成形体110は加熱昇温機30へ向けて移送される。この段階で、可動部材23が下方の初期位置に戻される。移送後の1次圧粉成形体110は、図3Aに示す如く金網状保持部材(32)上に位置決めされている。
図3Aにおいて、加熱昇温機30が起動する。吹付けフード31から温風が吹付けられ1次圧粉成形体110は、潤滑剤粉末の融点相当温度(120℃)に昇温される(図1の工程PR3)。つまり、潤滑剤が溶解され、その流動により1次圧粉成形体110内の潤滑剤分布を均一的に改変する。加熱昇温時間は例えば8~10秒である。なお、温風は金網状保持部材32、排気循環フード33を通して再循環利用される。
昇温された1次圧粉成形体110は、図3Bに示すように、ワーク移送手段50(移送バー52)により第2の加圧成形機40へ移送され、下型41の上方に位置決めさられ、下型41(42)内の可動部材43上にセットされる(図1の工程PR4)。
第2の加圧成形機40において、暖機手段47が働き、1次圧粉成形体110を受入れる(セットされる)以前に、金型[41(42)]を潤滑剤粉末の融点相当温度(120℃)に暖める。その後に受入れた昇温済み1次圧粉成形体110内の潤滑剤の再固形化を防止することができる。
図2のスライド5とともに上型45が、図3Aに示すように下降して下型41(42)内の1次圧粉成形体110を第2の加圧力P2で加圧し始める。液状の潤滑剤が十分な潤滑作用を営む。特に、加圧成形の進行に伴い潤滑剤が全方向に流出するので、粒子間のみならず粒子と金型との摩擦抵抗力を効率よく軽減できる。圧縮された1次圧粉成形体110の密度ρは、図4の実線Bにしたがって高くなる。つまり、第2の加圧力P2が横軸指数(例えば、95…加圧力9.5Ton/cm2)を超えると、密度ρが7.25g/cm3から急激に縦軸指数102相当の密度ρ(7.75g/cm3)に高まる。第2の加圧力P2を横軸指数100(10Ton/cm2)まで上げると、密度ρ(7.75g/cm3)は全体的に均一となる。ここで、例えば8秒間の第2の加圧成形処理が終了すると、金型(41)内に2次圧粉成形体115が成形されている(図1の工程PR5)。その後、スライド5により上型45が上昇する。なお、第1の加圧成形機20では、後の1次圧粉成形体110に関する第1の加圧成形処理が同期して行われている。
第2の取出手段(43)が働き、2次圧粉成形体115が移送レベルHLに突き上げられる。つまり、下型41から取出される。すると、図3B示すように、ワーク移送手段50が働き、その移送バー53により2次圧粉成形体115は排出シュート59に向けて移送される。この段階で、可動部材43が下方の初期位置に戻される。
以上の2つの成形工程による圧粉成形方法によれば、順番に供給充填される金属粉末100についての第1の加圧成形処理、加熱昇温処理および第2の加圧成形処理を同期実行できるので、最長の加熱昇温処理時間(10秒)にワーク移送時間(例えば、2~4秒)を加えた12~14秒のサイクル時間で2次圧粉成形体115を成形することができる。
排出シュート59から導入された2次圧粉成形体115は、焼結処理機80において、焼結処理される。図5に示す圧粉成形体115は、焼結により一段と高強度化された焼結成形体120となる。焼結成形体120(例えば、小型軽量複雑形状で機械的強度の高い自動車用部品や機器用部品)の供給を安定化でき、それらの生産コストの低減にも大きく貢献できる。
混合粉末100を、基金属粉末(機械部品用の純鉄粉末)に潤滑剤粉末(ステアリン酸亜鉛粉末)を0.03(~0.10)重量%だけ混合して調製した。第1の加圧力P1により加圧成形して密度7.0(~7.5)g/cm3の1次圧粉成形体110を成形した。混合量が0.03重量%とした場合に、第1の加圧成形工程を最も円滑に行うことができた。120℃に加熱昇温された1次圧粉成形体110を第2の加圧力P2により加圧成形して縦軸指数102に当たる密度ρ7.75g/cm3の2次圧粉成形体115を成形した。しかる後に、2次圧粉成形体115に1150℃で30分の焼結処理を施して機械的強度を高めた焼結成形体120を得た。機械的強度(例えば、引張力)は密度の高さに応じて増大する。すなわち、焼結処理の前段階の第2の加圧成形工程で密度を従来方法の場合に比較して高められているので、焼結により機械的強度を一段と高めた機械部品を能率よく製造することができた。なお、基金属粉末に合金形成用金属粉末を添加した場合も同様に成形できることを確認した。かくして、図6Bに示す細長丸軸形状でも高強度仕上げできる。
混合粉末100を、基金属粉末(Fe-Si合金粉末)に潤滑剤粉末(ステアリン酸亜鉛粉末)を0.03(~0.10)重量%だけ混合して調製した。第1の加圧力P1により加圧成形して真密度比70~85%の1次圧粉成形体110を成形した。混合量が0.03重量%とした場合に、第1の加圧成形工程を最も円滑に行うことができた。120℃に加熱昇温された1次圧粉成形体110を第2の加圧力P2により加圧成形して縦軸指数102に当たる真密度比85~95%の2次圧粉成形体115を成形した。しかる後に、2次圧粉成形体115に1150℃で30分の焼結処理を施して機械的強度を一段と高めた焼結成形体120を得た。すなわち、従来成形方法による焼結成形体と比較して機械的強度の高い焼結成形体を能率よく製造できた。
この実施の形態は、図7に示されている。第1の実施の形態の場合に比較して、混合粉末供給機10、第1の加圧成形機20および焼結処理機80はそのままとし、加熱昇温機30と第2の加圧成形機40とを一体的に形成したことを特徴とする。
Claims (7)
- 基金属粉末と潤滑剤粉末との混合物である混合粉末を加圧して圧粉成形体を成形する加圧成形工程と、圧粉成形体を焼結して機械的強度の高い焼結成形体を成形する焼結成形工程と、を含み、
前記加圧成形工程が加熱昇温工程を挟む第1の加圧成形工程と第2の加圧成形工程とから形成され、
第1の加圧成形工程が第1の金型内で前記潤滑剤粉末の融点未満の常温において前記混合粉末に第1の加圧力を加えて1次圧粉成形体を成形するものとされ、
加熱昇温工程が1次圧粉成形体を加熱して当該1次圧粉成形体の温度を前記潤滑剤粉末の融点相当温度に昇温するものとされ、
第2の加圧成形工程が前記潤滑剤粉末の融点相当温度に暖機された第2の金型内でかつ当該融点相当温度において1次圧粉成形体に第2の加圧力を加えて密度を高めた2次圧粉成形体を成形するものとされている、高強度焼結成形体の製造方法。 - 前記潤滑剤粉末の融点が90~190℃の温度範囲内に属する低融点とされている、請求項1記載の高強度焼結成形体の製造方法。
- 前記混合粉末が前記基金属粉末である純鉄粉末に前記潤滑剤粉末であるステアリン酸亜鉛粉末を0.03~0.10重量%だけ混合したものとされ、前記第1の加圧力が前記1次圧粉成形体の密度を7.0~7.5g/cm3に圧縮できるものと選択され、前記第2の加圧力が前記2次圧粉成形体の密度を7.75g/cm3に圧縮できるものと選択されている、請求項1または2記載の高強度焼結成形体の製造方法。
- 前記混合粉末が前記基金属粉末であるFe-Si合金粉末に前記潤滑剤粉末であるステアリン酸亜鉛粉末を0.03~0.10重量%だけ混合したものとされ、前記第1の加圧力が前記1次圧粉成形体の密度を真密度比70~85%に圧縮できるものと選択され、前記第2の加圧力が前記2次圧粉成形体の密度を真密度比85~95%に圧縮できるものと選択されている、請求項1または2記載の高強度焼結成形体の製造方法。
- 前記第2の加圧力が前記第1の加圧力と等しい値に選択されている、請求項1または2に記載された高強度焼結成形体の製造方法。
- 基金属粉末と低融点の潤滑剤粉末との混合物である混合粉末を外部に供給充填可能な混合粉末供給機と、
この混合粉末供給機を用いて第1の金型に充填された混合粉末に第1の加圧力を加えて1次圧粉成形体を成形する第1の加圧成形機と、
第1の金型から取出された1次圧粉成形体の温度を当該潤滑剤粉末の融点相当温度に昇温させるための加熱昇温機と、
予め該融点相当温度に暖機可能な第2の金型を有し、暖機済の第2の金型にセットされかつ昇温済の1次圧粉成形体に第2の加圧力を加えて密度を高めた2次圧粉成形体を成形する第2の加圧成形機と、
2次圧粉成形体に焼結処理を施して機械的強度を高めた焼結成形体を製造する焼結処理機と、を具備する高強度焼結成形体の製造装置。 - 前記加熱昇温機と前記第2の加圧成形機とをこれら機能を一体的に組み込んだ加熱加圧成形機から形成するとともに、加熱加圧成形機を複数台の加熱加圧成形子機から形成しかつ各加熱加圧成形子機をサイクル毎に選択順次動作可能に形成されている請求項6記載の高強度焼結成形体の製造装置。
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