WO2012067188A1 - ヒト型抗体を産生するb細胞の作製方法 - Google Patents
ヒト型抗体を産生するb細胞の作製方法 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a B cell producing a human antibody.
- Antibodies produced by the immune system in the living body have been applied not only to reagents but also to medicines and diagnostic agents recently by utilizing their specific target recognition ability.
- affinity maturation but in antigen-specific B cells that are activated and actively divide, high-frequency somatic mutations occur in the antibody variable region genes. It progresses by strictly selecting a B cell clone that has acquired sex. Utilizing this principle, it is widely used to produce monoclonal antibodies by repetitive immunization of animals and hybridoma production.
- the chicken B cell line DT40 that retains the ability to introduce a mutation into an antibody gene is suitable for achieving this purpose in the following points.
- the antibody is expressed on the cell surface and in the culture supernatant, and a specific clone can be selected based on the binding to the antigen.
- the present inventors have focused on the characteristics of DT40 and established a cell line DT40-SW capable of arbitrarily turning ON / OFF the mutation function of DT40 and developed a method for producing an introvitro antibody using DT40-SW (Patent Literature) 1 and Non-Patent Document 1) (FIG. 1).
- Patent Literature Patent Literature 1 and Non-Patent Document 1
- FIG. 1 antibodies against various antigens including those difficult to obtain by conventional methods have been successfully obtained from antibody libraries obtained by culturing with the mutation function turned ON
- Non-patent Documents 2 and 3 See.
- the antibody-producing cells can be diversified by introducing mutations again, and the affinity maturation of antibodies can be achieved by repeating selection. It has also succeeded in improving the efficiency of sexual maturity (see Patent Document 3 and Non-Patent Documents 4 and 5).
- Conventionally used methods for obtaining human antibodies or humanized antibodies include: (a) a method in which an antibody variable region of a heterologous antibody obtained by a hybridoma method or the like is expressed in a host cell as a chimera with a human antibody constant region (patent Reference 3), (b) CDR transplantation in which the antigen-binding portion of the variable region is transplanted to a human antibody (see Patent Documents 4 and 5), (c) Human antibodies prepared from antibody genes isolated from humans There are a method for obtaining an antibody from a phage display library displaying fragments (see Patent Documents 6 and 7), and a method for obtaining an antibody by a hybridoma method from a mouse into which a human antibody gene has been introduced (Patent Document 8). ⁇ 10).
- Japanese Patent No.4487068 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2009-60850 U.S. Patent No. 6331415 U.S. Pat.No. 5,225,539 US Pat. No. 5585089 U.S. Pat. No. 5,875793 US Pat. No. 5,837,500 US Patent No. 6150584 U.S. Pat.No. 5,545,806 Japanese Patent No. 3030092
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a B cell capable of producing a human-type antibody and capable of spontaneous mutagenesis.
- the antibody obtained from the above DT40-SW is a chicken IgM antibody, if it becomes possible to obtain a human IgG1-type antibody by an antibody production system using DT40-SW, in pharmaceutical development I thought it would be a very useful technology.
- human antibodies or humanized antibodies must be prepared for antibody searches for pharmaceutical applications.
- the human antibody and humanized antibody acquisition techniques (a) to (d) described above are widely used, but have the following problems.
- (a), (b), and (d) show that there is a problem of immune tolerance because the production of candidate antibodies is based on a hybridoma method that depends on immunity to mice.
- (A), (b), and (c) require many gene recombination operations and become complicated when handling a large number of candidate antibodies (FIG. 2).
- a cell line having a mutation ability such as DT40 has been used as a library by introducing mutation into an antibody gene originally retained (Cumbers, S. J., et al. Nat. Biotechnol. 20, 1129-1134 ( 2002); Seo, H., et al. Nat. Biotechnol. 23, 731-735 (2005); Todo, K., et al. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 102, 478-481 (2006)).
- the present inventors considered that it is important that the antibody production system has the following features (1) to (4) in order to solve the above problems.
- the antibody gene is secreted and expressed in the culture supernatant.
- the antibody produced is a chicken-human chimeric antibody, but since the constant region is derived from humans, it can be used directly in various tests for drug candidate search, thus speeding up the candidate search.
- the human-type antibody produced is preferably IgG1, which can be expected to have various effector functions via the heavy chain constant region in vivo, human IgG1-producing DT40-SW was established this time.
- the light chain constant region the ⁇ chain having the largest abundance in the human body was used.
- the antibody gene is composed of an exon encoding a leader peptide containing a signal necessary for targeting to the endoplasmic reticulum downstream of the promoter, an exon encoding a variable region, and an exon encoding a constant region (FIG. 4A).
- the constant region is composed of a plurality of exons, and whether an antibody is expressed as a secreted or membrane-bound type is determined by the difference in the exons used. Therefore, in order to construct a cell having the characteristics as described in (2) to (4) above, the region from CH1 to the secretory exon of the exons encoding the constant region of the heavy chain is defined as the heavy IgG1 antibody heavy chain.
- DT40-SW In order to produce DT40-SW, it is necessary to (i) isolate and structurally analyze the chicken antibody gene, and (ii) construct a targeting vector that replaces the constant exon of the chicken antibody gene. With the progress of genome analysis, the nucleotide sequence of the light chain antibody gene region has been clarified. However, there is only partial information on the heavy chain, and the unknown region was isolated and a part of the sequence was clarified. Based on the revealed information, we created targeting vectors for the replacement of the heavy chain and light chain antibody constant region genes, and succeeded in establishing cells that produce chimeric antibodies using these vectors. The cells expressed the chimeric antibody on the cell surface and in the culture supernatant. Attempts were made to introduce mutations into the antibody variable region, and the inventors succeeded in introducing mutations with the same efficiency as when wild-type DT40-SW introduces mutations into endogenous antibody genes, thereby completing the present invention.
- the present invention is as follows.
- the Cre recombinase gene of non-human vertebrate B cells exists in such a form that Cre recombinase expresses a fusion protein with an estrogen receptor, and the extracellular stimulation is stimulation by estrogen or a derivative thereof.
- the method for producing a B cell producing a human-type antibody according to [1], wherein activation of Cre recombinase is induced in the cell by stimulation with estrogen or a derivative thereof from outside the cell.
- [3] A method for producing a B cell producing a human-type antibody according to [1] or [2], wherein only the constant part of the antibody gene of the non-human vertebrate B cell is replaced with the constant part of the human antibody gene.
- B-cell producing human-type antibody contains splicing receptor sequence and splicing branch point sequence contained in intron existing upstream of constant region gene, and those downstream from constant region gene Any one of [1] to [4], including a non-human vertebrate B cell as a poly A addition sequence, and further comprising a drug resistance gene sandwiched between loxP sequences upstream of a human constant region gene including a splicing sequence A method for producing a B cell producing a human-type antibody.
- [6] The human of any one of [1] to [5], wherein the replacement of the antibody gene of the non-human vertebrate B cell with a human antibody gene is performed using a targeting vector that targets the B cell antibody gene.
- a targeting vector that targets the B cell antibody gene.
- [7] A method for producing a B cell that produces the human antibody according to any one of [1] to [6], wherein the non-human vertebrate B cell is derived from a chicken B cell line DT40 cell.
- a non-human vertebrate-derived B cell producing a human-type antibody obtained by the production method of any one of [1] to [8].
- Human-type antibody mutation live comprising activating Cre recombinase gene and introducing mutation into antibody variable region gene in non-human vertebrate-derived B cells producing human-type antibody of [9] How to create a rally.
- Cre recombinase exists in a form that expresses a fusion protein with an estrogen receptor, and stimulates the cell with estrogen or a derivative thereof from the outside of the cell.
- DT40-SW cells have been improved so that human IgG1-type antibodies can be presented on the cell surface and secreted into the culture supernatant.
- the ability of this cell line DT40-SW-hg to mutate to the antibody variable region gene is superior to that of DT40-SW, which has already been used for the production of antibodies against various antigens. enable.
- DT40-SW-hg has useful features of DT40-SW: (i) Mutant and expression can be integrated in one cell, so it is easy to produce mutant antibody. (Ii) Antibody on the cell surface It is easy to select the target antibody based on the binding to the antigen, and it is easy to enhance the function of the target antibody by mutation and selection.
- the mutation function can be stopped and restarted arbitrarily. It produces a human IgG1-type antibody that retains all that can be modified by immobilizing mutations and remutating, and is easy to handle as an antibody. Since the antibody Fc part is human IgG1, when searching for antibodies useful for medicinal use such as various immune reactions via the Fc part, such as antibody-dependent cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity, The function of an antibody that must be evaluated can be rapidly evaluated by directly using a human IgG1-type complete antibody produced from a clone isolated from the DT40-SW-hg antibody library. Since the antibody production system using the cell line produced in the present invention can avoid various problems that have been a problem with conventional human antibody production methods, the development of antibodies useful for the treatment of intractable diseases such as cancer has been developed. It will be an important basic technology to speed up.
- the target antibody-producing cells can be isolated from the DT40-SW library (1) and stabilized by turning off the mutation function (3). It is also possible to improve the affinity of the antibody by repeating the cycle of mutagenesis and selection again (2). It is a figure which shows the comparison of the conventional method and the antibody production technique of this invention. It is a figure which shows the functional modification of the antibody as human IgG1 type
- a chicken antibody constant region gene is replaced with a human antibody constant region gene by gene targeting to modify the antibody gene on the genome of DT40 cells (A), and a chimeric antibody of chicken antibody variable region and human antibody constant region is expressed (B ).
- A shows the outline of preparation of human IgG1 (kappa) constant region production type DT40.
- B shows the outline of the replacement method of a chicken antibody constant region gene.
- 6A shows the structure of the targeting vector
- FIG. 6B shows the structure of the antibody locus of the cell after targeting
- FIG. 6C shows that the cell after targeting is treated with 4-hydroxy tamoxifen to activate the Cre recombinase, thereby FIG.
- FIG. 6D shows an example of a production scheme of a human antibody constant region-producing DT40-SW cell, showing the structure of the antibody locus after removal. It is a figure which shows the method of the introduction
- A shows Chicken C ⁇ locus
- B shows Human C ⁇ targeting construct
- C shows Human C ⁇ targeted locus
- the left figure of FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of sIg expression. It is a figure which shows construction of a human kappa chain constant region gene targeting vector. It is a figure which shows the result of confirmation of introduction
- FIG. 9A shows the selection of sIg-clone by FACS
- FIG. 9B shows the result of confirmation of targeted locus by genomic PCR. It is a figure which shows selection of a human (kappa) chain high expression clone.
- FIG. 10A shows the result of sorting (clone 2) of hC ⁇ -expressing cells, and is the result of performing single cell sorting for cells in which sIg was recovered by 4-OHT treatment.
- FIG. 10B shows selection of clones expressing high hC ⁇ by cell sorting.
- DT40-SW-hk shows that a chicken-human chimeric light chain antibody gene is transcribed.
- FIG. 11A shows that a chimeric transcription product of chicken light chain variable region and human ⁇ chain constant region is expressed
- FIG. 11B shows the result of sequence analysis of the amplified product. It is a figure which shows the strategy of human C ⁇ 1 ⁇ targeting construct and hIgG1-SW establishment.
- 12A shows Chicken ⁇ C ⁇ locus
- FIG. 12B shows Human C ⁇ 1 targeting construct
- FIG. 12C shows Human C ⁇ 1 targeted locus
- FIG. 16A shows selection of sIg-clone by FACS
- FIG. 16B shows confirmation of targeted locus by genomic PCR. It is a figure which shows the result of selection of a hIgG1 high expression clone.
- FIG. 17A shows sorting of hIgG1-expressing cells, and a single cell sorting was performed on cells in which sIg was recovered by 4-OHT treatment.
- FIG. 17B shows selection of clones with high expression of hIgG1 / hC ⁇ by FACS
- FIG. 17C shows selection of clones with high antibody secretion by ELISA.
- Standard Human IgG was serially diluted at 5 to 320 ng / ml, Sample: 1 to 64 times. It is a figure which shows that the growth capability of DT40-SW-hg is equivalent to DT40-SW. It is a figure which shows that DT40-SW-hg transcribe
- FIG. 19A shows the L chain
- FIG. 19B shows the H chain.
- FIG. 20A shows ⁇ -hIgG ( ⁇ 1: protein amount 50 ⁇ g)
- FIG. 20B shows ⁇ -hC ⁇ ( ⁇ 1: protein amount 150 ⁇ g)
- FIG. 20C shows ⁇ -cIgM ( ⁇ 1: protein amount 150 ⁇ g).
- FIG. 21A shows hIgG1 antibody secretion
- FIG. 21B shows association of L and H chains
- FIG. 21C shows cIgM antibody secretion.
- FIG. 23 shows that DT40-SW-hg introduces mutations frequently into the antibody variable region (heavy chain variable region) (continuation of FIG. 23-1A). It is a figure which shows that DT40-SW-hg introduce
- FIG. 23 shows that DT40-SW-hg introduces mutations frequently into the antibody variable region (heavy chain variable region) (continuation of FIG. 23-1A). It is a figure which shows that DT40-SW-hg introduce
- FIG. 23 shows that DT40-SW-hg introduces mutations frequently into the antibody variable region (heavy chain variable region) (continuation of FIG. 23-2A). It is a figure which shows that DT40-SW-hg introduce
- the B cells producing the human antibody of the present invention are prepared as follows using non-human-derived B cells.
- a non-human-derived B cell for producing a B cell that produces a human-type antibody is constitutive of AID (activation-induced cytidine deaminase), an enzyme having an essential role in somatic hypermutation, or Any cell can be used as long as it has the property of being inducibly expressed and introducing a spontaneous mutation into the antibody gene.
- Origin animal species and cell line species are not limited. B cells of vertebrates such as mice, sheep, rats, rabbits and chickens, or cell lines thereof or mutants thereof can be used.
- a DT40 cell line derived from chicken B cells is used.
- the DT40 cell line is a cell derived from B lymphoma, and the second chromosome is characterized by trisomy (Baba, T.W., Giroir, B.P. and Humphries, E.H.:Virology 144: 139-151,1985).
- the DT40 strain is a wild-type DT40 strain or the DT40-SW strain originally established by the present inventors (by reversibly switching the expression of the gene AID that controls the mutation function, the antibody mutation function is ON / OFF controlled. Mutants (for details, see Kanayama, N., Todo, K., Reth, M., Ohmori, H. Biochem. Biophys. Res.mnCommn. 327: 70-75 (2005) and JP-A-2006-109711) Described)).
- the B cell induces expression of an exogenous Cre recombinase gene by extracellular stimulation, and induces AID expression by reversing the direction of the exogenous AID (activation induced cytidine deaminase) gene by the expressed Cre recombinase.
- AID activation induced cytidine deaminase
- vertebrate B cells that can be arrested, having the following characteristics: 1) The endogenous AID gene is functionally disrupted, and no AID protein is produced by endogenous AID gene expression.
- the Cre recombinase gene has been introduced in a form capable of activating Cre recombinase by extracellular stimulation, and the above-mentioned exogenous AID gene is contained by activation of Cre recombinase.
- B cells having a reversed orientation of the region sandwiched between the two loxP sequences.
- an AID protein obtained by functionally destroying the endogenous AID gene and expressing the endogenous AID gene in any vertebrate cell that can express the endogenous AID gene. It is recommended to modify the cells so that the production of is not caused.
- One of the alleles of the endogenous AID gene is disrupted (knocked out) by creating an AID gene targeting vector according to the usual method, and Cre recombinase reverses the direction of the other allele.
- an AID gene targeting vector containing a DNA construct containing a gene encoding an exogenous AID constructed so as to obtain homologous recombination, the endogenous AID gene is destroyed and the exogenous AID gene A cell capable of controlling the expression of can be produced.
- An exogenous AID gene constructed so that its direction can be reversed by Cre recombinase is sandwiched between two loxP sequences in opposite directions.
- a targeting vector is designed so that a promoter that functions in the target animal cell exists upstream of the region sandwiched between the two loxP sequences, and the promoter is also inserted into the genome by homologous recombination. Good.
- the exogenous AID gene constructed so that its direction can be reversed by Cre recombinase into the genome of the cell, the exogenous AID gene is arranged in the forward direction with respect to the promoter. If present, expression of the AID gene is induced by the promoter. Needless to say, expression of the AID gene does not occur when the AID gene is arranged in the opposite direction to the promoter.
- a person skilled in the art can conceive various suitable promoters to be used here, and can select an appropriate promoter. For example, ⁇ -actin promoter, immunoglobulin promoter, cytomegalovirus promoter, CAG promoter can be mentioned.
- Cre recombinase gene exists in such a form that Cre recombinase expresses a fusion protein with an estrogen receptor, and the extracellular stimulation is stimulation by estrogen or a derivative thereof. Stimulation with a derivative induces the activation of Cre recombinase in the cell.
- estrogen derivative stimulation is applied to cells, activation of Cre recombinase is induced. Therefore, Cre recombinase is activated only when an estrogen derivative is allowed to act from outside the cell (where the fusion protein moves into the nucleus, indicating that Cre recombinase can act on the loxP sequence) and AID The region between the loxP sequences containing the gene is inverted.
- the region between the two loxP sequences may further include a marker gene in the same direction as the AID gene, where the AID gene is arranged in the forward direction with respect to the promoter. Since the marker gene is also arranged in the forward direction, the marker gene is expressed, and cells in which the AID gene is arranged in the forward direction with respect to the promoter and the AID gene can be expressed can be selected by the marker It becomes.
- the region sandwiched between the two loxP sequences may further include a marker gene opposite to the AID gene, wherein the AID gene is arranged in the opposite direction with respect to the promoter.
- the marker gene since the marker gene is arranged in the forward direction, the marker gene is expressed, and a cell in which the AID gene is arranged in the reverse direction with respect to the promoter and cannot express the AID gene can be selected by the marker. Become.
- Such B cells can be obtained in accordance with the description in Japanese Patent No. 4448708.
- the antibody gene of the non-human-derived B cell is replaced with a human antibody gene.
- the gene of the constant region of the antibody possessed by the non-human B cell may be replaced with the gene of the human antibody constant region.
- the antibody gene can be replaced by homologous recombination.
- an antibody gene of an animal species of a non-human B cell used for the production of the human antibody-producing cell of the present invention is isolated, the structure is analyzed, and a targeting vector for replacing the constant exon of the antibody gene is constructed. To do. Next, using the thus constructed targeting vector, the antibody gene of the non-human B cell is replaced with a human antibody gene.
- FIG. 6 The outline of a specific method for introducing a human antibody constant region gene is as follows (FIG. 6). In the following method, a method using a chicken DT40-SW is shown.
- Targeting vector Approximately 2 kbp upstream and 2 to 5 kbp downstream of the constant region gene are used as regions necessary for homologous recombination.
- the splicing receptor sequence and splicing branch point sequence contained in the intron upstream of the constant region gene are those of a human antibody gene.
- the poly A addition sequence downstream of the constant region gene is derived from chicken.
- the drug resistance gene sandwiched between loxP sequences is placed upstream of the human constant region gene containing the splicing sequence.
- DT40-SW cells used in this method express Cre recombinase (Mer-Cre-Mer) as a fusion protein with mutant estrogen receptor.
- Mer-Cre-Mer is usually inactive, but can be activated by adding 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT), one of the derivatives of estrogen, to the medium (Zhang, Y . Et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 24 543-548 (1996)). Therefore, when 4-OHT is allowed to act on cells that have lost antibody production once the targeting vector has been introduced (FIG. 6B), Cre recombinase is activated and the drug resistance gene sandwiched between loxP sequences is removed. It changes to such an antibody gene structure.
- the expression of the antibody gene becomes possible again, so that the expression of the chimeric antibody of the introduced chicken antibody variable region and the human antibody constant region can be expected.
- Cells that have expressed the chimeric antibody on the cell surface can be isolated by flow cytometry or the like.
- gene recombination is advanced step by step in the order of light chain ⁇ heavy chain or heavy chain ⁇ light chain as shown in FIG. 6D to produce a chimeric antibody-producing cell.
- DT40-SW expressing a chimeric antibody with a human IgG1 ⁇ constant region can be produced by this method without impairing the antibody mutation function of DT40.
- the cell is called DT40-SE-hg.
- This cell can be used for antibody production just like the conventional DT40-SW, and the resulting human IgG1-type antibody can be used directly for various evaluations of effector functions via the human antibody constant region, This is extremely useful as a technique for rapidly acquiring candidate antibodies for drug development.
- FIG. 1 A method of substituting the constant part of ⁇ chain is shown in FIG.
- the targeting arm was designed so as not to modify or delete the matrix attachment region (MAR) or 3 'enhancer (3'E), which are factors involved in gene expression and mutagenesis.
- the fragment containing the normal (C ⁇ ) gene includes a splicing acceptor sequence and a branch point sequence in the intron of the human C ⁇ upstream part.
- the human C ⁇ gene fragment incorporated into the vector has a poly A addition sequence. Not included, the poly A sequence on the chicken antibody light chain gene was used.
- the chicken light chain gene has already been cloned (Reynaud, C.-A., et al., Cell 40, 283-291 (1985)), and genomic analysis has revealed the surrounding nucleotide sequence (International Chicken Genome Sequencing Consortium, Nature 432, 695-716 (2004)).
- a primer was designed based on the revealed sequence, and the gene fragment was obtained by PCR.
- the gene fragment used for the 5 ′ targeting arm (IgCL5 ′) upstream of the constant region from the genomic DNA of DT40-SW is expressed by using primers IgLD511 (5′-GAGTCGCTGAACTAGTCTCGGTCTTTCTTCCCCCATCG-3 ′ (SEQ ID NO: 5), ACTAGT is a SpeI site) and cCL5- Amplified by PCR using Bam2 (5'-ACGGATCCATATCTATTTTCATGGATGTTATACGTGTGCG-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 6), GGATCC is the BamHI site) and KOD-Plus DNA polymerase (Toyobo), treated with SpeI and BamHI, then into pBluescriptIISK (-) Built.
- IgLD511 5′-GAGTCGCTGAACTAGTCTCGGTCTTTCTTCCCCCATCG-3 ′ (SEQ ID NO: 5), ACTAGT is a SpeI site
- the gene fragment used for the 3′-targeting arm (IgCL3 ′) downstream of the constant region is expressed using primers cCL3-HindIII (5′-CTAAGCTTCCCACTGGGGATGCAATGTGAGGACAGT-3 ′ (SEQ ID NO: 7), AAGCTT is the HindIII site) and cCL3-Kpn2 ( Amplification was performed using 5′-TGCGATCCAGGTACCACGATAGCACTGCCTGCCTCCATC-3 ′ (SEQ ID NO: 8), GGTACC was a KpnI site), and after treatment with HindIII and KpnI, it was incorporated downstream of IgCL5 ′ in pBluescriptIISK ( ⁇ ).
- hCk5-Bam 5'-CTAAACTCTGAGGGGATCCGATGACGTGGCCATTCTTTGC-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 9), GGATCC is BamHI site
- hCk-HindIII 5′-GTAAGCTTCTAACACTCTCCCCTGTTGAAGCTCTTTGTGA-3 ′ (SEQ ID NO: 10), AAGCTT was the HindIII site), and after treatment with BamHI and HindIII, it was inserted between IgCL5 ′ and IgCL3 ′.
- Blasticidin S resistance gene (Arakawa, H., et al. BMC Biotechnol. 1, 7 (2001)) having loxP sequences at both ends was incorporated into the BamHI site immediately above hCk.
- the cells were suspended in 10 ml of growth medium (PRMI1640, Invitrogen; 10% fetal calf serum, Invitrogen; 1% chicken serum, Sigma), cultured for 24 hours, and then 10 ml of 2 ⁇ selective medium (growth).
- Growth medium PRMI1640, Invitrogen; 10% fetal calf serum, Invitrogen; 1% chicken serum, Sigma
- 10 ml of 2 ⁇ selective medium growth.
- Medium + Blasticidin S (Kaken Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) was added, and blastcidin S having a final concentration of 20 ⁇ g / ml was dispensed into two 96-well plates and cultured for 10 to 14 days.
- 139 clones were selected which were selected by blastcidin S.
- R-PE R-phycoerythrin
- genomic DNA was extracted from these cells, and targeting vector integration was performed using primers for the outer region of the targeting vector and primers specific to the vector, i.e., primer LLF1 (5 '-CCATCGGCGTGGGGACACACAGCTGCTGGGATTCC-3' (SEQ ID NO: 11)) and BSR2 (5'- GTGATGATGAGGCTACTGCTGACTCTCAACATTCTACTCCTCC -3 '(SEQ ID NO: 12)), and Hck-F2 (5'- GAGAGGCCAAAGTACAGCCGAGATCGTATAACTGCCGAGATCGCATAGC' It was confirmed by PCR using cCL3-dn6 (5′- GGAGCTGTACCATGCGGCCTGCTCTGCTGATGCCATGTCG -3 ′ (SEQ ID NO: 14)) (FIG. 9B). Specific amplification of PCR products was observed, indicating that clones 2 and 3 were targeted as intended. Among these, clone 2 was used for subsequent operations.
- primer LLF1 5
- RNA of DT40-SW-hk was extracted with TRIzol® (Invitrogen), and cDNA was synthesized using Superscript II reverse transcriptase (Invitrogen) and oligo dT primer.
- a sense primer (CLL5-Bam: 5'-CCCGGCGTGGGGATCCACAGCTGCTGGGATTC-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 15)) and an antisense primer (cCMUCLAR: 5'- GGAGCCATCGATCACCCAATCCAC -3' (sequence number) 16)) or (hck-RT2: 5'- CTCATCAGATGGCGGGAAGATGAAGACAGATGGTGCAGCC -3 '(SEQ ID NO: 17)), and the transcription product of ⁇ -actin as an internal standard was used as primer actin3 (5'-CTGACTGACCGCGTTACTCCCACAGCCAGC-3' (SEQ ID NO: 18 )) And actin4 (5′-TTCATGAGGTAGTCCGTCAGGTCACGGCCA-3 ′ (SEQ ID NO: 19)).
- DT40-SW-hk did not express a chicken antibody light chain and expressed a chimeric transcription product of a chicken light chain variable region and a human ⁇ chain constant region (FIG. 11A). Further, the sequence analysis of the amplified product revealed that the exon binding was normal and the transcript encoded the antibody light chain protein as intended (FIG. 11B).
- FIG. 12 shows a method for replacing with a gene.
- the targeting arm was designed so as not to modify or delete the ⁇ enhancer (E ⁇ ), which is a factor involved in gene expression or mutagenesis.
- the 5′-side targeting arm was repeated immediately upstream of the constant region.
- the obtained gene fragment was incorporated into pCR-Blunt (Invitroten), and the nucleotide sequence was confirmed (FIG. 13A). Since the gene information downstream from the secreted C-terminal exon of the chicken C ⁇ gene used for the 3 ′ targeting arm (cIgH3′arm) has not been released, the sequence of the chicken secretory IgM mRNA (Dahan, A. et al Nuclec Acids Res. 11, 5381 (1983); accession no.
- X01613 designed the sense primer cCmu4-F1 (5'- GGCTCAGCGTCACCTGCATGGCTCAGG-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 22)) for the CH4 domain, transmembrane membrane type IgM Primer mCmyu3 ′ (5′-CCTTGATTTCGAAGTGGAGAAGACGTCGGGAGGTGGAGA-3 ′ (SEQ ID NO: 23); Sayegh, CE, et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA.
- Human C ⁇ 1 gene fragment was prepared by using primers hIgG1F1 (5'-ACGGATCCTGCAAGCTTTCTGGGGCAGGCCAGGCCTGACC-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 26), GGATCC is BamHI site) and hIgG1R1 (5'-CGGCGGCCGCACTCATTTACCGGGACGAGAGG' SEQ ID NO: 27), GCGGCCGC was amplified using NotI site), cloned into pCR-Blunt, and the sequence was confirmed (FIG. 13C). A NotI fragment containing the hC ⁇ 1 gene was inserted into the NotI site upstream of cIgH3′arm (FIG.
- FIG. 13D a BamHI-EcoRI fragment linking cIgH3′arm and the hC ⁇ 1 gene was inserted into pBluescriptIISK ( ⁇ ) (FIG. 13E). Furthermore, cIgH5′arm was inserted into the SacI-BamHI region upstream of hC ⁇ 1 (FIG. 13F), and finally a blasticidin resistance gene sandwiched by loxP was inserted into BamHI between cIgH5′arm and hC ⁇ 1 (FIG. 13G). ).
- the cells are suspended in 10 ml of growth medium, cultured for 24 hours, suspended in 20 ml of growth medium containing blasticidin S at a final concentration of 20 ⁇ g / ml, and dispensed into two 96-well plates. Cultured for 10-14 days. In 17 trials, 207 clones selected by blastcidin S were obtained.
- genomic DNA was extracted from these cells and targeting vector integration was performed using primers for the outer region of the targeting vector and a primer specific for the vector, i.e. primer JCF5 (5 '-TAATCGGTACTTTTTAATCCTCCATTTTGCCCGAAATCGC-3' (SEQ ID NO: 28)) and BSR3 (5'-CTGTGGTGTGACATAATTGGACAAACTACCTACAGAG-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 29)), and hIgGF5 (5'-TGGACTCCGACGGCTCCTTCTTCCTCTACAGC-3' (SEQ ID NO: 30) It confirmed by PCR using 5'-CCTTGATGAGGGTGACGGTGGCGCTGTAGAAGAGGCTG-3 '(sequence number 31)) (FIG.
- primer JCF5 5 '-TAATCGGTACTTTTTAATCCTCCATTTTGCCCGAAATCGC-3' (SEQ ID NO: 28)
- BSR3 5'-CTGTGGTGTGACATAATTGGACAAACTACCTACA
- the clone D2 which is sIg-, showed a specific amplification of the PCR product indicating that it was targeted as intended. In this trial, the efficiency of obtaining the target cells is extremely poor, but an efficient cell line establishment method has been established by optimizing the conditions of subsequent transfection methods.
- RNA of DT40-SW-hg was extracted with TRIzol, and cDNA was synthesized using Superscript II reverse transcriptase and oligo dT primer.
- the light chain was amplified using sense primer CLL5-Bam and antisense primer cCMUCLAR or hck-RT2, and the heavy chain was sense primer Chicken LH5-Eco (5′-GCCGGAATTCCGACGGAGGAGCACCAGTCG-3 ′ (SEQ ID NO: 32 )) And antisense primer cCmu2-R (5'-TTGTACCACGTGACCTCGGTGGGACGGCG-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 33)) or hCg1-1R (5'-CTCTTGGAGGAGGGTGCCAGGGGGAAGACC-3' (SEQ ID NO: 34)).
- DT40-SW-hg did not express chicken antibody and expressed chimeric transcripts of chicken antibody variable region and human antibody constant region (FIG. 19).
- the protein concentration of the cell-free extract was determined using BCA Protein Assay Kit (PIERCE), and 50 ⁇ g or 150 ⁇ g of cell-free extract was separated by 12.5% SDS-PAGE. The separated protein was transferred to a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane (Immobilon-P, Millipore), reacted with each antibody, and then detected using an ECL Advance Western Blotting Detection Kit. Chemiluminescence was acquired using the ChemiDoc XRS system (Bio-Rad Laboratory).
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- the antibodies are peroxidase labeled goat anti-human IgG Fc diluted 5000 times for detection of human IgG Fc, and biotinylated mouse anti-human Ig k light chain (BD pharmigen) diluted 200 times for detection of human kappa chain. Streptavidin-HRP Conjugate (ZYMED) diluted 100000 times and peroxidase conjugated goat anti-chicken IgM (mu chain) (ROCKLAND) diluted 10,000 times were used for detection of chicken IgM.
- DT40-SW-hg expressed a heavy chain containing about 55 kDa human IgG1 Fc and a light chain containing about 25 kDa human C ⁇ , and it was shown that chicken IgM was not expressed (Fig. 20).
- the chicken-human chimeric antibody deduced from the amino acid sequence had a heavy chain molecular weight of 56 kDa and a light chain of 28 kDa, confirming the expression of a protein with a molecular weight almost as expected.
- DT40-SW-hg is a useful cell line that can express a chimeric antibody in which a chimeric heavy chain and a chimeric light chain of a chicken antibody variable region and a human antibody constant region are stably associated on the cell surface and culture supernatant. It was shown that there is.
- Genomic DNA was isolated from the cultured cells, and the heavy chain variable region was determined using primers CVH1F2 (5′-GGCGGCTCCGTCAGCGCTCTCT-3 ′ (SEQ ID NO: 35)) and CJH1R2 (5′-GCCGCAAATGATGGACCGAC-3 ′ (SEQ ID NO: 36)).
- the light chain variable region was amplified by PCR using primers CVLF61 (5'-GGCACGGAGCTCTGTCCCATTGCTG-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 37)) and CVLR31 (5'-CCCCAGCCTGCCGCCAAGTCCAAG-3' (SEQ ID NO: 38)), and the pCR-Blunt vector Cloned into.
- Plasmid DNA is extracted using High Pure Plasmid Isolation Kit (Roche), sequenced using ABI PRISM Big Dye Terminator Cycle Sequencing Ready Reaction Kit (Applied Biosystems), and ABI PRISM 310 Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems). To analyze the nucleotide sequence. When the base sequence of the sample after 41 days of culture was compared with the original base sequence before the mutation was turned on, the antibody variable region gene of DT40-SW-hg was the original strain in both heavy and light chains. Many mutations were introduced compared to a certain DT40-SW (FIG. 22).
- DT40-SW-hg has a higher frequency of mutagenesis per base than the DT40-SW in terms of mutagenesis efficiency per base and the proportion of clones with mutations in the analyzed clones. It was suggested that it has sufficient mutation ability. In addition, looking at the distribution of mutations introduced into the variable region genes, mutations were introduced at various sites (FIGS. 23-1 to 23-4).
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Abstract
Description
1)内因性のAID遺伝子が機能的に破壊されており、内因性AID遺伝子発現によるAIDタンパク質は産生されないこと、
2)互いに逆方向の2つのloxP配列で挟まれた外因性のAID遺伝子、および該2つのloxP配列で挟まれた領域の上流側に存在する該動物細胞で機能し得るプロモーターを有し、上記AID遺伝子が該プロモーターに対して順方向に配置されている場合には、該プロモーターによるAID遺伝子の発現が可能であり、上記AID遺伝子が該プロモーターに対して逆方向に配置されている場合には、AID遺伝子の発現は停止すること、および
3)Creリコンビナーゼ遺伝子が、細胞外刺激によりCreリコンビナーゼ活性化が可能な形で導入されており、Creリコンビナーゼ活性化により、上記外因性AID遺伝子を含む2つのloxP配列に挟まれた領域の方向が反転すること、
を有する上記B細胞の抗体遺伝子をヒト抗体遺伝子に置換することを含む、ヒト型抗体を産生するB細胞の作製方法。
1)内因性のAID遺伝子が機能的に破壊されており、内因性AID遺伝子発現によるAIDタンパク質は産生されないこと、
2)互いに逆方向の2つのloxP配列で挟まれた外因性のAID遺伝子、および該2つのloxP配列で挟まれた領域の上流側に存在する該動物細胞で機能し得るプロモーターを有し、上記AID遺伝子が該プロモーターに対して順方向に配置されている場合には、該プロモーターによるAID遺伝子の発現が可能であり、上記AID遺伝子が該プロモーターに対して逆方向に配置されている場合には、AID遺伝子の発現は停止すること、および3)Creリコンビナーゼ遺伝子が、細胞外刺激によりCreリコンビナーゼ活性化が可能な形で導入されており、Creリコンビナーゼ活性化により、上記外因性AID遺伝子を含む2つのloxP配列に挟まれた領域の方向が反転すること、を有するB細胞である。
定常部遺伝子の上流約2kbpと下流2~5kbpを相同組換えに必要な領域として使用する。
このターゲティングベクターが抗体定常部遺伝子に正しく導入されると、野生型(図6A)の抗体遺伝子の構造は図6Bのように変化する。薬剤耐性遺伝子により抗体遺伝子を分断しているので抗体遺伝子は不活性化して抗体を産生することはできない。したがって、薬剤耐性に加えて細胞表面上の抗体産生の消失をフローサイトメトリーによって解析することによって、ターゲティングが目的どおりに起こった細胞の候補を絞り込むことが可能である。想定通りの組み込みが起こっているかどうかについては、PCRあるいはサザンブロットによるゲノム遺伝子の解析により確認することができる。
ヒトIgG1κ定常部産生型DT40-SWは、これまでに確立しているDT40-SWを用いたin vitro抗体作製方法と同様の操作により抗体可変部遺伝子への変異導入が可能である。この細胞は初期状態では変異導入機構はOFFであるが、4-OHTによる処理により変異をONにスイッチした細胞を作製できる。変異がONの細胞は緑色蛍光タンパク質を発現するのでフローサイトメトリーによるソーティングにより分離することができる。その後、培養を継続するだけで外来抗体可変部に変異が導入された細胞集団が生成する。この変異体ライブラリーから目的の特異性、親和性を有した抗体を産生する細胞を単離する。変異と選択を繰り返すことにより、取得抗体の親和性成熟も可能である。この方法では、細胞自身の保持する変異能力を使うことから、変異と選択の操作の連続化が容易である。取得された抗体の特性は、細胞の変異機能を4-OHTによる処理によりOFFにすることにより可能である。
1)ヒトκ鎖定常部遺伝子ターゲティングベクターの構築
図6に示した概略に沿って、ニワトリ軽鎖定常部をヒトκ鎖定常部に置換する方法を図7に示す。ターゲティングベクターの構築にあたって、上述の項目に加えて次の点に特に工夫した。(i) 遺伝子発現や変異導入に関わる因子であるmatrix attachment region (MAR)や3’エンハンサー (3’E)を改変・削除しない様にターゲティングアームを設計した、(ii) ベクターに組み込むヒトκ鎖定常部(Cκ)遺伝子を含む断片にはヒトCκ上流部分のイントロンにスプライシングアクセプター配列およびブランチポイント配列もふくまれるようにした、(iii) ベクターに組み込むヒトCκ遺伝子断片にはポリA付加配列は含ませず、ニワトリ抗体軽鎖遺伝子上のポリA配列が使用されるようにした。
(A)-1)で作製したヒトCκ遺伝子ターゲティングベクター15μgをNotIで切断して直鎖化し、1×107細胞のDT40-SWと混合して500μlの懸濁液とし、4mmギャップのエレクトロポレーションキュベットに添加して、550V、25μFの条件で電気穿孔を行った。エレクトロポレーション法にはGene Pulser Xcell (バイオラッド社)を用いた。電気穿孔後、細胞を10mlの増殖培地(PRMI1640、Invitrogen社;10%ウシ胎児血清、Invitrogen社;1%ニワトリ血清、Sigma社)に懸濁して24時間培養後、10mlの2×選択培地(増殖培地+ブラストサイジンS(科研製薬))を添加し、終濃度20μg/mlの濃度のブラストサイジンSとして96穴プレート2枚に分注して10~14日間培養した。4回の試行でブラストサイジンSにより選択されたコロニーが139クローン得られた。
クローン2について、以前に報告したように50 nMの4-OHTで処理(Kanayama, N., et al. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 327, 70-75 (2005))することによって薬剤耐性遺伝子を除去した。薬剤耐性遺伝子が除去された細胞では、抗体の発現が回復していることが期待される。細胞表面の抗体の発現をmouse anti-chicken IgM mAb クローンM1あるいはクローンM4(Riken Cell Bank)およびmouse anti-human Ig k light chain(BD Bioscience社)によって染色し、フローサイトメトリーで解析したところ、細胞表面のIgMとヒトκ鎖の両方を発現する細胞が出現していることが確認された(図10A)。FACS Ariaを用いてヒトCκを高発現する細胞をsingle cell sortingしたところ、これらはニワトリIgMとヒトCκを細胞表面に高発現していた。また、培養液中にもニワトリμ鎖とヒトκ鎖が会合した抗体が分泌されていることがELISAによって確認され、確認したくクローンはすべて薬剤耐性を失っていた。これらのうち、代表的なクローンをDT40-SW-hkと命名し以降の検討をおこなった。
1)ヒトγ1鎖遺伝子ターゲティングベクターの構築
図4に示した概略に沿って、ニワトリμ鎖(Cμ)遺伝子をヒトγ1鎖 (Cγ1) 遺伝子に置換する方法を図12に示す。ターゲティングベクターの構築にあたって、次の点を工夫した。(i) 遺伝子発現や変異導入に関わる因子であるμエンハンサー(Eμ)を改変・削除しないようにターゲティングアームを設計した、(ii) 5’側のターゲティングアームは、定常部のすぐ上流には繰り返し配列の多いスイッチ領域(Sμ)があるためSμの上流領域に設定する、 (ii)ニワトリCμ遺伝子のCH1、CH2、CH3、CH4、分泌型C末端エキソンを、ヒトCγ1遺伝子のうちCH1、ヒンジ、CH2、CH3、分泌型C末端エキソンと置換し、膜貫通ドメインエキソンはニワトリμ鎖遺伝子のものを残す、(iii) ヒトCγ1遺伝子断片にはCγ1上流部分のイントロンにスプライシングアクセプター配列およびブランチポイント配列もふくまれるようにする、(iv) ヒトCγ1遺伝子断片には分泌型C末端下流のポリA付加配列は含ませず、ニワトリCμの分泌型C末端下流のポリA配列が使用されるようにする。以下に、ターゲティングベクターの構築手順を示す(図13)。Sμの上流領域の5’側ターゲティングアーム(cIgH5’arm)に用いる遺伝子断片をえるために、Sμ付近の塩基配列 (Kitao, H. et al. Int. Immunol. 12, 959 (2000); accession no. AB029075)からプライマーJCF_Sac4 (5’- AAATGGCCGAATTGAGCTCGGCCGTTTTACGGTTGGGTTC -3’(配列番号20)、GAGCTCはSacIサイト)とJCR_Bam2 (5’- CTCATCATTCAGTATCGATGGATCCTTAATTACTCCCACG -3’(配列番号21)、GGATCCはBamHIサイト)をデザインし、DT40-SWのゲノムDNAからPCRによって増幅した。得られた遺伝子断片は、pCR-Blunt (Invitroten社)に組込み、塩基配列を確認した(図13A)。3’側ターゲティングアーム(cIgH3’arm)に用いるニワトリCμ遺伝子の分泌型C末端エキソンより下流の遺伝子情報は公開されていないため、ニワトリ分泌型IgMのmRNAの配列 (Dahan, A. et al
. Nuclec Acids Res. 11, 5381 (1983); accession no. X01613)からCH4ドメインに対するセンスプライマーcCmu4-F1 (5’- GGCTCAGCGTCACCTGCATGGCTCAGG-3’(配列番号22))をデザインし、膜型IgMの膜貫通領域遺伝子の下流の3’UTRに対するプライマーmCmyu3’ (5’-CCTTGATTTCGAAGTGGAGAAGACGTCGGGAGGTGGAGA-3’(配列番号23); Sayegh, C. E., et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 96, 10806 (1999))とともに用いてPCRによって遺伝子断片を増幅し、pCR-BluntにクローニングしてTM1エキソンおよびTM2エキソンにコードされる膜貫通領域遺伝子および3’UTRの一部の配列を明らかにした(図14)。ニワトリ分泌型IgMの塩基配列と図14に示したTM1の配列を基にプライマーCH4F4 (5’- TGGATAGGGCTTCGGGTAAAGCAAGTGCTGTCAATGTCTC -3’(配列番号24))とTM1R2 (5’-ATGAAGGTGGAGGTGGTGGCCCAAAGGCGTTGGATGTCG-3’(配列番号25))をデザインし、これらを用いたPCRによってニワトリCμ遺伝子のCH4とTM1の間のゲノムDNAを用いて増幅した。この断片の増幅にはKOD-FX(東洋紡)を用いた。得られた遺伝子断片をpCR-Bluntにクローニングし、5’側および3’側より部分配列を決定した(図13B、図15)。ヒトCγ1遺伝子断片は、human Burkitt's lymphoma 細胞株 DaudiのゲノムDNAを鋳型としてプライマーhIgG1F1 (5’-ACGGATCCTGCAAGCTTTCTGGGGCAGGCCAGGCCTGACC-3’(配列番号26)、GGATCCはBamHIサイト)とhIgG1R1 (5’-CGGCGGCCGCACTCATTTACCCGGAGACAGGGAGAGGCTC-3’(配列番号27)、GCGGCCGCはNotIサイト)を用いて増幅し、pCR-Bluntにクローニングし、配列を確認した(図13C)。cIgH3’armの上流のNotIサイトにhCγ1遺伝子を含むNotI断片を挿入し(図13D)、cIgH3’armとhCγ1遺伝子を連結したBamHI-EcoRI断片をpBluescriptIISK(-)に挿入した(図13E)。さらに、hCγ1の上流のSacI-BamHI領域にcIgH5’armを挿入し(図13F)、最後にcIgH5’armとhCγ1の間のBamHIにloxPで挟まれたブラストサイジン耐性遺伝子を挿入した(図13G)。
(B)-1)で作製したヒトCγ1遺伝子ターゲティングベクター15~40μgをNotIで切断して直鎖化し、1×107細胞のDT40-SWと混合して500μlの懸濁液とし、4mmギャップのエレクトロポレーションキュベットに添加して、550Vまたは700V、25μFの条件で電気穿孔を行った。エレクトロポレーション法にはGene Pulser Xcellを用いた。電気穿孔後、細胞を10mlの増殖培地に懸濁して24時間培養後、終濃度20μg/mlの濃度のブラストサイジンSを含む増殖培地20mlに懸濁し、96穴プレート2枚に分注して10~14日間培養した。17回の試行でブラストサイジンSにより選択されたコロニーが207クローン得られた。
クローンD2を50nMの4-OHTで処理することによって薬剤耐性遺伝子を除去した。剤耐性遺伝子が除去された細胞では、抗体の発現が回復していることが期待される。細胞表面の抗体の発現をbiotin化mouse anti-human IgG1 mAb (ZYMED社)およびPE-CyTM5 Streptavidin (BD Pharmingen社)によって染色し、フローサイトメトリーで解析したところ、細胞表面のヒトIgG1を発現する細胞が出現していることが確認された(図17A)。FACS Ariaを用いてヒトIgG1を高発現する細胞をsingle cell sortingし、得られたコロニーのフローサイトメトリー解析でヒトIgG1とヒトκ鎖を高発現する3クローンを選択した(クローン25,49,53)(図17B)。これらのクローンが薬剤耐性遺伝子を失っていることをPCRで確認し、これらのクローンの培養上清中の抗体分泌をELISAによって検討した。500倍希釈したgoat anti-human IgG Fc (Betyl社)を96ウェルプレート(Greiner社)上に結合させ、系列希釈してプレート上に結合させたサンプル上清中のヒトIgG1型抗体を500倍希釈したperoxidase-conjugated goat anti-human IgG Fc (KPL社)を用いて検出したところ、3クローンとも同等の分泌量が認められ、この方法により作成されたヒトIgG1型抗体産生型DT40が、膜型および分泌型抗体の両方の発現が可能であることが示された(図17C)。これらのうち、代表的なクローン25をDT40-SW-hgと命名し詳細な検討をおこなった。
DT40-SW-hgの変異機構を以前に報告済みの方法によりONにして抗体可変部への変異導入を解析した(Kanayama, N., et al. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 327, 70-75 (2005))。4-OHTによって細胞を処理後、GFP+の細胞、すなわち、変異導入に必須のAIDの発現がONになった細胞を、FACSAriaを用いたフローサイトメトリーによって単一細胞として単離し、独立した2クローンを5mlスケールで5×105cells以上かつover growthしない状態で維持して41日間培養した。培養した細胞からゲノムDNAを単離し、重鎖可変部はプライマーCVH1F2 (5’- GGCGGCTCCGTCAGCGCTCTCT-3’(配列番号35))およびCJH1R2 (5’-GCCGCAAATGATGGACCGAC-3’(配列番号36))を用いて、軽鎖可変部はプライマーCVLF61 (5’- GGCACGGAGCTCTGTCCCATTGCTG -3’(配列番号37))およびCVLR31 (5’- CCCCAGCCTGCCGCCAAGTCCAAG -3’(配列番号38))を用いてPCRによって増幅し、pCR-Bluntベクターにクローニングした。プラスミドDNAは、High Pure Plasmid Isolation Kit (Roche)を用いて抽出し、ABI PRISM Big Dye Terminator Cycle Sequencing Ready Reaction Kit (Applied Biosystems)を用いてSequence反応をおこない、ABI PRISM 310 Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems)を用いて塩基配列を解析した。41日間培養後のサンプルの塩基配列を、変異をONにする前の元の塩基配列と比較したところ、DT40-SW-hgの抗体可変部遺伝子には重鎖および軽鎖の両方においてオリジナル株であるDT40-SWと比べて多数の変異が導入されていた(図22)。DT40-SW-hgは、塩基あたりの変異導入効率においても解析クローンに占める変異を有するクローンの割合においてもDT40-SWと比べて高い頻度での変異導入が認められ、抗体ライブラリーを作製するのに十分な変異能力を備えていることが示唆された。また、可変部遺伝子に導入された変異の分布をみると、様々な部位に変異が導入されていた(図23-1~図23-4)。
Claims (11)
- 細胞外刺激により外因性Creリコンビナーゼ遺伝子の発現が誘導され、発現されたCreリコンビナーゼにより外因性AID(activation induced cytidine deaminase)遺伝子の向きを反転させることにより、AID発現を誘導することおよび停止させることが可能な非ヒト脊椎動物B細胞であって、以下の特徴:
1)内因性のAID遺伝子が機能的に破壊されており、内因性AID遺伝子発現によるAIDタンパク質は産生されないこと、
2)互いに逆方向の2つのloxP配列で挟まれた外因性のAID遺伝子、および該2つのloxP配列で挟まれた領域の上流側に存在する該動物細胞で機能し得るプロモーターを有し、上記AID遺伝子が該プロモーターに対して順方向に配置されている場合には、該プロモーターによるAID遺伝子の発現が可能であり、上記AID遺伝子が該プロモーターに対して逆方向に配置されている場合には、AID遺伝子の発現は停止すること、および
3)Creリコンビナーゼ遺伝子が、細胞外刺激によりCreリコンビナーゼ活性化が可能な形で導入されており、Creリコンビナーゼ活性化により、上記外因性AID遺伝子を含む2つのloxP配列に挟まれた領域の方向が反転すること、
を有する上記B細胞の抗体遺伝子をヒト抗体遺伝子に置換することを含む、ヒト型抗体を産生するB細胞の作製方法。 - 非ヒト脊椎動物B細胞のCreリコンビナーゼ遺伝子は、Creリコンビナーゼがエストロゲンレセプターとの融合タンパク質を発現するような形で存在し、上記細胞外刺激がエストロゲンまたはその誘導体による刺激であり、細胞を細胞外からエストロゲンまたはその誘導体で刺激することにより、細胞内でCreリコンビナーゼの活性化が誘導される、請求項1記載のヒト型抗体を産生するB細胞の作製方法。
- 非ヒト脊椎動物B細胞の抗体遺伝子の定常部のみをヒト抗体遺伝子の定常部に置換する、請求項1又は2に記載のヒト型抗体を産生するB細胞の作製方法。
- 重鎖については定常部をコードするエキソンのうちCH1領域から分泌エキソンまでの領域をヒト由来IgG抗体重鎖定常領域と置換し、軽鎖については定常部エキソンのみをヒト由来κ軽鎖定常領域遺伝子と置換する、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のヒト型抗体を産生するB細胞の作製方法。
- ヒト型抗体を産生するB細胞が定常部遺伝子の上流に存在するイントロンに含まれるスプライシング受容体配列及びスプライシングブランチポイント配列としてヒト抗体遺伝子由来のものを含み、定常部遺伝子の下流にあるポリA付加配列として非ヒト脊椎動物B細胞のものを含み、さらにスプライシング配列を含むヒト定常部遺伝子の上流にloxP配列で挟まれた薬剤耐性遺伝子を含む、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載のヒト型抗体を産生するB細胞の作製方法。
- 非ヒト脊椎動物B細胞の抗体遺伝子のヒト抗体遺伝子への置換が前記B細胞の抗体遺伝子をターゲットとするターゲティングベクターを用いて行われる、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載のヒト型抗体を産生するB細胞の作製方法。
- 非ヒト脊椎動物B細胞がニワトリB細胞株DT40細胞に由来する細胞である、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載のヒト型抗体を産生するB細胞の作製方法。
- 非ヒト脊椎動物B細胞がニワトリB細胞株DT40-SW細胞である、請求項7記載のヒト型抗体を産生するB細胞の作製方法。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の作製方法により得られた、ヒト型抗体を産生する非ヒト脊椎動物由来B細胞。
- 請求項9記載のヒト型抗体を産生する非ヒト脊椎動物由来B細胞において、Creリコンビナーゼ遺伝子を活性化させ培養を行い抗体可変部遺伝子に変異を導入することを含む、ヒト型抗体変異ライブラリーを作成する方法。
- ヒト型抗体を産生する非ヒト脊椎動物由来B細胞において、Creリコンビナーゼがエストロゲンレセプターとの融合タンパク質を発現するような形で存在し、細胞を細胞外からエストロゲンまたはその誘導体で刺激することにより、細胞内でCreリコンビナーゼの活性化が誘導され、抗体可変部遺伝子に変異を導入する、請求項10記載のヒト型抗体変異ライブラリーを作成する方法。
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WO2015167011A1 (ja) * | 2014-05-02 | 2015-11-05 | 株式会社カイオム・バイオサイエンス | ヒト抗体を産生する細胞 |
CN106414717A (zh) * | 2014-05-02 | 2017-02-15 | 凯奥目生物科学株式会社 | 产生人抗体的细胞 |
JPWO2015167011A1 (ja) * | 2014-05-02 | 2017-04-20 | 株式会社カイオム・バイオサイエンス | ヒト抗体を産生する細胞 |
JP2020099341A (ja) * | 2014-05-02 | 2020-07-02 | 株式会社カイオム・バイオサイエンス | ヒト抗体を産生する細胞 |
JP7236741B2 (ja) | 2014-05-02 | 2023-03-10 | 株式会社カイオム・バイオサイエンス | ヒト抗体を産生する細胞 |
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