WO2012043679A1 - 中空糸膜モジュール、並びに、これを用いたろ過方法及び超純水製造システム - Google Patents
中空糸膜モジュール、並びに、これを用いたろ過方法及び超純水製造システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012043679A1 WO2012043679A1 PCT/JP2011/072286 JP2011072286W WO2012043679A1 WO 2012043679 A1 WO2012043679 A1 WO 2012043679A1 JP 2011072286 W JP2011072286 W JP 2011072286W WO 2012043679 A1 WO2012043679 A1 WO 2012043679A1
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- Prior art keywords
- hollow fiber
- fiber membrane
- water
- module
- cylindrical case
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 242
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 218
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 title claims description 85
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 31
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 title claims description 31
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 29
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 240
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
- B01D63/04—Hollow fibre modules comprising multiple hollow fibre assemblies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D65/003—Membrane bonding or sealing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
- B01D2313/04—Specific sealing means
- B01D2313/041—Gaskets or O-rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/02—Non-contaminated water, e.g. for industrial water supply
- C02F2103/026—Treating water for medical or cosmetic purposes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/02—Non-contaminated water, e.g. for industrial water supply
- C02F2103/04—Non-contaminated water, e.g. for industrial water supply for obtaining ultra-pure water
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a filtration module for performing turbidity and sterilization on relatively clear raw water or ultrapure water such as river water and groundwater, and a filtration method and ultrapure water production system using the same.
- the present invention particularly relates to a hollow fiber membrane module suitable as a security filter in an ultrapure water production line and a filtration method using the same.
- raw water is introduced from the nozzle 52b on one end side of the hollow fiber module 50, and the nozzle on the other end side of the hollow fiber module 50 is along the outer surface of the hollow fiber membrane.
- Concentrated water is allowed to flow out from the pipe L7 while being circulated through the pipe 52a, and the filtration device 200 is configured to take out filtered water permeated through the hollow fiber membrane and permeated into the hollow fiber membrane from the pipe connection caps 56a and 56b, respectively.
- the pipe L6a connected to the cap 56a is connected to the pipe L6b connected to the cap 6b.
- the filtered water taken out from the cap 56a passes through the pipe L6a and the filtered water taken out from the cap 56b
- the pipes flow through the pipes L6b, join at the connected points, and are supplied to the use point.
- the flow path of the supply water in the module is narrow, so between the supply side (the nozzle 52b side) and the concentration side (the nozzle 52a side).
- the pressure difference is large. Therefore, the amount of permeated water on the supply side (cap 56b side) is larger than the amount of permeated water on the concentration side (cap 56a side). For this reason, there was a problem that viable bacteria easily propagated in the flow path on the concentration side with a small amount of permeated water.
- sterilization cleaning to disinfect pipes and modules there are problems such as prolonged sterilization operation in the flow path on the side where the flow rate is low, and it takes a long time to start up after sterilization operation. There was a problem.
- the present invention provides a hollow fiber membrane module in which the flow rates flowing through the two filtrate flow paths can be made substantially equal without providing any special flow rate control means, and a filtration method and ultrapure water production system using the same.
- the primary purpose is to provide it.
- the present invention provides a hollow fiber membrane module that can stably obtain filtered water of good water quality for a long period of time while the scale of the apparatus is compact, and a filtration method and ultrapure water production system using the same.
- the second purpose is to do.
- the present inventor is extremely useful for solving the above problems by performing internal pressure filtration using a hollow fiber membrane module having a specific structure.
- the present invention has been found and the present invention has been made.
- the present invention provides a yarn bundle composed of a plurality of hollow fiber membranes, a cylindrical case containing a yarn bundle and having a plurality of nozzles on the side surface, and hollow fiber membranes at both ends of the yarn bundle in the cylindrical case.
- a yarn bundle composed of a plurality of hollow fiber membranes, a cylindrical case containing a yarn bundle and having a plurality of nozzles on the side surface, and hollow fiber membranes at both ends of the yarn bundle in the cylindrical case.
- a pair of fixing portions sealing the gap between the outer surface and between the inner surface of the outer surface and the cylindrical case, a flow path cross-sectional area of the nozzle to the hollow fiber membrane outside of the flow path cross-sectional area S 1 in the cylindrical case
- the ratio of S 2 (S 2 / S 1 ) provides a hollow fiber membrane module is 0.15 to 0.60.
- the ratio of flow path cross-sectional area S 2 of the nozzle to the hollow fiber membrane outside of the flow path cross-sectional area S 1 in the case (S 2 / S 1 ) is set to 0.15 or more and 0.60 or less so that the flow rate of filtrate water flowing out from the nozzles at both ends can be made substantially equal without using a flow rate adjusting means such as a valve or an orifice.
- a flow rate adjusting means such as a valve or an orifice.
- the cross-sectional areas of the plurality of nozzles are substantially the same. Thereby, it becomes easy to make the flow rate of the filtered water flowing out from each nozzle substantially equal.
- a plurality of small bundles formed by bundling a plurality of hollow fiber membranes in a bundle are filled in a cylindrical case in parallel, and at least at the interface position of the fixed part, compared with other parts And it is preferable to have a part with a low packing density of a hollow fiber membrane. It is particularly preferable that the low packing density portion is provided continuously from the fixing portion at one end to the fixing portion at the other end.
- the hollow fiber membrane is divided into small bundles and the hollow fiber membranes in each small bundle, compared to the case where all the hollow fiber membranes are combined into one bundle.
- the resistance (total resistance) of the water flowing in the cylindrical case can be reduced. This provides the advantage that less supply pressure is required to obtain the same filtered water flow rate.
- the hollow fiber membrane module of the present invention further includes a pair of rectifying cylinders whose one ends are sealed by a fixing portion and extend so as to surround both ends of the yarn bundle, and the pair of rectifying cylinders are isolated from the fixing portion. It is preferable that each position has an opening through which water inside the flow straightening tube can flow to the nozzle. Thereby, since the shear force which a hollow fiber membrane receives from a water flow in the vicinity of a fixed part can fully be reduced, damage to the hollow fiber membrane by a water flow can fully be suppressed.
- At least one of the pair of flow straightening tubes is provided with a plurality of through holes penetrating from the inside to the outside at a position isolated from the fixed portion, thereby reducing the flow rate from the flow straightening tube to the outside at the opening end of the flow straightening tube. It is possible to effectively prevent damage to the hollow fiber membrane due to rubbing between the open end of the flow straightening cylinder and the hollow fiber membrane. This makes it possible to continuously produce excellent quality filtered water over a long period of time.
- the rectifying cylinder penetrates into the second region.
- the aperture ratio due to the holes is higher than the aperture ratio due to the through holes in the first region. That is, it is preferable that the amount of water flowing out from the inside of the flow straightening cylinder is small on the side close to the fixed part and relatively large on the side far from the fixed part.
- the hollow fiber membrane module of the present invention preferably has a module water permeability of the filtration unit volume basis at 25 ° C., is 1000 ⁇ 3000m 3 /hr/0.1MPa/m 3. In this case, a stable filtered water quality can be maintained for a long time with a large amount of filtered water.
- the hollow fiber membrane module of the present invention preferably has a water permeability per module at 25 ° C. of 20 to 40 m 3 /hr/0.1 MPa. In this case, since the hollow fiber membrane module can be held by one person and the handling property is remarkably improved, the hollow fiber membrane module can be attached to a filtration device having a narrow mounting pitch. Therefore, if both the water permeation performance and the water permeation amount are satisfied, the filtration device can be made more compact.
- the present invention provides a filtration method using the hollow fiber membrane module. That is, the filtration method according to the present invention includes a yarn bundle composed of a large number of hollow fiber membranes, a cylindrical case containing the yarn bundle and having a plurality of nozzles on the side surfaces, and both ends of the yarn bundle in the cylindrical case.
- a pair of fixing portions sealing the outer surfaces of the hollow fiber membranes and the gap between the outer surface and the inner surface of the cylindrical case, and the flow path cross-sectional area S 1 outside the hollow fiber membrane in the cylindrical case When filtration is performed using a hollow fiber membrane module in which the ratio (S 2 / S 1 ) of the channel cross-sectional area S 2 of the nozzle is 0.15 or more and 0.60 or less, the water to be treated is removed from the hollow fiber membrane module.
- the filtered water that is supplied from one end to the hollow portion of the hollow fiber membrane and flows out to the outside of the hollow fiber membrane is collected from the nozzles at both ends of the cylindrical case through the pipes connected to the nozzles.
- the filtration method of the present invention by performing internal pressure filtration using the hollow fiber membrane module, it is possible to collect almost the same amount of filtered water from the nozzles at both ends, so microorganisms in the module and in the filtered water piping Can be sufficiently suppressed.
- the pipe has an inner diameter of 0.80 to 1.20 times the inner diameter of the connected nozzle.
- the yarn bundle is a plurality of small bundles formed by bundling a plurality of hollow fiber membranes in a cylindrical case in parallel, at least at the interface position of the fixed part, It is preferable to have a portion where the packing density of the hollow fiber membrane is lower than other portions.
- one end of the module is sealed by a fixing part, and further includes a pair of rectifying cylinders extending so as to surround both ends of the yarn bundle, and the pair of rectifying cylinders are isolated from the fixing part. It is preferable that each position has an opening through which water inside the flow straightening tube can flow to the nozzle. Thereby, even if it operates by a high filtrate flow rate, since the damage of the hollow fiber membrane by a water flow can fully be reduced, the excellent quality water filtrate can be stably manufactured over a long period of time with a compact apparatus.
- the pair of rectifying cylinders has a plurality of through holes penetrating from the outer surface to the inner surface of the rectifying cylinder at positions separated from the fixed portion.
- the rectifying cylinder bisects the entire region where the through hole exists into a first region closer to the fixed portion and a second region farther from the fixed portion.
- the aperture ratio due to the through hole in the second region is higher than the aperture ratio due to the through hole in the first region.
- the filtration method of the present invention preferably has modules water permeability of the filtration unit volume basis at 25 ° C., is 1000 ⁇ 3000m 3 /hr/0.1MPa/m 3, water permeability per module at 25 ° C. Is preferably 20 to 40 m 3 /hr/0.1 MPa.
- the present invention also provides an ultrapure water production system using the hollow fiber membrane module. That is, in an ultrapure water production system including at least an ultraviolet irradiation means, an ion exchange treatment means, and an ultrafiltration membrane treatment means, an ultrapure water production system in which the ultrafiltration membrane treatment means is the hollow fiber membrane module. provide. As a result, the entire system becomes more compact than before, and the advantage of a smaller installation area can be obtained.
- a hollow fiber membrane module in which the flow rate of filtered water flowing out from the nozzles at both ends can be made substantially equal without using a flow rate adjusting means such as a valve or an orifice. Moreover, according to the filtration method and the ultrapure water production system using such a hollow fiber membrane module, it is possible to stably produce a filtered water having an excellent water quality with a high filtrate water flow rate while being compact. .
- FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the hollow fiber membrane module shown in FIG. 1 taken along the line II-II.
- A It is the III-III sectional view taken on the line of the rectifying cylinder shown in FIG.
- B It is sectional drawing which shows typically other embodiment of a rectification
- C It is sectional drawing which shows typically other embodiment of a rectification
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the hollow fiber membrane module shown in FIG. 7 taken along line VIII-VIII.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the protective cylinder shown in FIG. 8 taken along the line IX-IX.
- a hollow fiber membrane module 10 includes a yarn bundle 1 made up of a number of hollow fiber membranes 1a, a cylindrical case 2 that accommodates the yarn bundle 1, and a casting provided at both ends of the yarn bundle 1.
- a pair of fixing portions 3a and 3b made of an agent and a pair of rectifying cylinders 4 and 5 disposed so as to surround both ends of the yarn bundle 1 are provided.
- the module 10 is configured so that pipe connection caps 6a and 6b can be attached to both ends of the cylindrical case 2 by nuts 7a and 7b, respectively. By tightening the nuts 7a and 7b, the portions are sealed by the O-rings 8a and 8b arranged in the grooves of the caps 6a and 6b.
- the yarn bundle 1 is formed by a large number of hollow fiber membranes 1a.
- a number of hollow fiber membranes 1a can be bundled together to form a yarn bundle.
- the yarn bundle 1 is preferably divided into a plurality of small bundles 1b.
- a small bundle 1b composed of a large number of hollow fiber membranes 1a is wrapped with a net 1c.
- the type of the hollow fiber membrane 1a can be appropriately selected according to the use of the module 10.
- Specific examples of the hollow fiber membrane 1a include an ultrafiltration membrane and a microfiltration membrane.
- the hollow fiber membrane 1a is preferably an ultrafiltration membrane having an average pore diameter of 0.05 ⁇ m or less (more preferably 0.02 ⁇ m or less).
- the material of the hollow fiber membrane 1a may be appropriately selected depending on the application, and can be selected from, for example, polyethylene, polypropylene, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose acetate, and polyacrylonitrile.
- the hollow fiber membrane 1a has an inner area-converted short thread water permeability (25 ° C.) of 2000 L / m 2 /hr/0.1 MPa (hereinafter, the unit of short thread water permeability is referred to as “LMH”) or more. Is preferably 4000 LMH or more.
- the inner diameter of the hollow fiber membrane 1a is preferably 0.7 to 1.0 mm, particularly preferably 0.70 mm to 0.85 mm.
- the module 10 of the present embodiment can sufficiently suppress the influence due to vibration during water flow, and therefore, by using the hollow fiber membrane having the short thread water permeability and the inner diameter, it is about twice as much as the conventional one. Module water permeability can be realized.
- the cylindrical case 2 is made of a cylindrical member having openings at both ends, and has nozzles 2a and 2b provided in the vicinity of the interfaces Fa and Fb of the fixing portions 3a and 3b.
- the interface of the fixed part here means a surface on one side of the fixed part where the base end of the rectifying tube is embedded.
- the material of the cylindrical case 2 can be appropriately selected from metals and plastics according to the application. From the viewpoint of ease of processing and weight reduction, the cylindrical case 2 is preferably made of plastics. Specific examples of plastics include polyethylene, polypropylene, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyvinylidene fluoride, ABS resin, and A vinyl chloride resin etc. are mentioned. Note that the number of nozzles provided in the vicinity of the interfaces Fa and Fb is not necessarily one, and a plurality of nozzles can also be provided in the part.
- a plurality of nozzles provided on the side surface of the cylindrical case 2 are provided in the vicinity of the interface between the fixing portions 3a and 3b, except for the case where one nozzle is provided only in the vicinity of the interfaces Fa and Fb between the fixing portions 3a and 3b as described above. May be. Further, one each may be provided in the vicinity of the interface between the fixing portions 3 a and 3 b and may be additionally provided in the central portion of the cylindrical case 2. It is preferable to provide one each only near the interface between the fixing portions 3a and 3b.
- the purpose of collecting filtered water can be achieved by providing one each in the vicinity of the interface of the fixed part. In this case, the number of members can be reduced, and at the same time, the member can be easily molded.
- the cylindrical case 2 has an outer diameter of 140 to 200 mm, a length of preferably 700 to 1400 mm, an outer diameter of 160 to 180 mm, and a length of 800 to 1100 mm. It is particularly preferred. When the cylindrical case 2 having a size in this range is used, a high module water permeability and the highest module water permeability can be realized. In addition to this, since it is possible to have the module 10 by one person with this size, there is an advantage that handling property is remarkably good.
- the “outer diameter” of the cylindrical case 2 herein means the outer diameter of the cylinder in the filtration region at the center of the module.
- the “length” of the cylindrical case 2 means the distance between both end faces of the hollow fiber membrane 1a.
- passage sectional area S 1 preferably satisfies the condition represented by the following inequality (1).
- this part can be reduced pressure loss when water flows, can achieve high module water permeability.
- module water permeability here refers to the filtration rate per hour (m 3 /hr/0.1 MPa @ 25 ° C.) at 25 ° C. when a transmembrane pressure difference of 0.1 MPa is applied.
- the “module water permeability” refers to a value ((m 3 /hr/0.1 MPa) / m 3 @ 25 ° C.) obtained by dividing the module water permeability by the apparent volume of the module or the volume of the filtration part.
- the former is referred to as “apparent volume-based module water permeability” and the latter is referred to as “filter part volume-based module water permeability”.
- the “apparent volume” is a value obtained by multiplying the cross-sectional area calculated from the outer diameter of the cylindrical case 2 by the distance between the end faces of the pipe connection caps 6a and 6b.
- the flow path cross-sectional area S 1 is the value calculated by the following equation (2).
- D 1 represents the inner diameter (m) at the center of the cylindrical case
- d O represents the outer diameter (m) of the hollow fiber membrane
- N represents the number of hollow fiber membranes forming the yarn bundle.
- Nozzles 2a, 2b are, when the flow path cross-sectional area and S 2 (m 2), the ratio between the flow path cross-sectional area S 1 (m 2) (S 2 / S 1) is 0.15 or more It must be 0.60 or less. In this range, the flow rate of filtered water flowing out from the nozzles at both ends can be made substantially equal without using a flow rate adjusting means such as a valve or an orifice, and a high filtration capacity can be shown. This value is preferably 0.20 or more and 0.50 or less, and more preferably 0.25 or more and 0.45 or less.
- the nozzle of the present embodiment has a flow path having a shape corresponding to the inner diameter of the pipe. That is, it is preferable that the flow path of the nozzle is circular and has substantially the same inner diameter as the pipe to be connected.
- the ratio of the inner diameter D L of the pipe and the internal diameter D M of the nozzle is, it preferably 0.80 to 1.20, 0.90 to 1.15 Particularly preferred.
- the flow-path cross-sectional area of nozzle 2a, 2b is mutually substantially the same from a viewpoint which makes the flow volume of the filtrate water which flows out out from each nozzle substantially the same.
- the fixing portions 3 a and 3 b are made of a casting agent that seals the outer surfaces of the hollow fiber membrane 1 a and the gap between the outer surface and the inner surface of the cylindrical case 2 at both ends of the yarn bundle 1 in the cylindrical case 2.
- a thermosetting resin such as an epoxy resin or a urethane resin is suitable as the casting agent that forms the fixing portions 3a and 3b.
- the rectifying cylinders 4 and 5 extend from the positions of the interfaces Fa and Fb of the fixing portions 3a and 3b toward the center of the module 10, respectively, and surround the yarn bundle 1 near the fixing portions 3a and 3b. Yes.
- the material of the rectifying cylinders 4 and 5 may be appropriately selected according to the application, and examples thereof include polyethylene, polypropylene, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyvinylidene fluoride, ABS resin, and vinyl chloride resin.
- the opening of the base end portions 4a and 5a of the pair of rectifying cylinders 4 and 5 is sealed by the fixing portions 3a and 3b, respectively. That is, the base end part 4a of the rectifying cylinder 4 is embedded in the fixed part 3a, and the base end part 5a of the rectifying cylinder 5 is embedded in the fixed part 3b.
- the arrangement method of the rectifying cylinders 4 and 5 is generally a method in which the base end portions 4a and 5a are embedded and fixed in the fixing portions 3a and 3b, respectively.
- the module 10 is manufactured through a process in which the rectifying cylinders 4 and 5 are fixed in advance to the cylindrical case 2 and then the base ends 4a and 5a of the rectifying cylinders 4 and 5 are embedded in the fixing parts 3a and 3b. Also good.
- the rectifying cylinders 4 and 5 are opened without sealing the openings of the tip portions 4b and 5b. These openings are located at positions separated from the interfaces Fa and Fb of the fixing portions 3a and 3b, respectively, and play a role of circulating water inside the rectifying cylinders 4 and 5 to the nozzles 2a and 2b. That is, the water in the rectifying cylinder 4 flows out from the opening of the tip 4b into the space between the yarn bundle 1 and the cylindrical case 2 and passes through the gap between the inner surface of the cylindrical case 2 and the outer surface of the rectifying cylinder 4. It is discharged from the nozzle 2a.
- the water in the rectifying cylinder 5 flows out from the opening of the tip 5 b into the space between the yarn bundle 1 and the cylindrical case 2, and the gap between the inner surface of the cylindrical case 2 and the outer surface of the rectifying cylinder 5. Through the nozzle 2b.
- the openings of the tip portions 4b and 5b of the rectifying cylinders 4 and 5 are preferably at least 30 mm apart from the interfaces Fa and Fb of the fixed portion, more preferably 40 mm or more. That is, it is preferable to install the rectifying cylinders 4 and 5 so as to protrude from the respective interfaces Fa and Fb of the fixing portions 3a and 3b with the above length. Furthermore, it is preferable that the opening of the tip portions 4b and 5b is located closer to the center of the module than the opening of the nozzle.
- At least one of the rectifying cylinders 4 and 5 has a plurality of through holes 4c penetrating from the inner surface to the outer surface.
- the through hole 4c functions as an opening through which the water inside the rectifying cylinders 4 and 5 flows to the nozzles 2a and 2b.
- a water flow is generated across the hollow fiber membrane bundle at the tip portions 4b and 5b of the rectifying cylinders 4 and 5, but when operating with a large amount of filtered water, the hollow fiber membrane tends to be pressed against the tip portion and damaged by the water flow. Comes out. And in a severe case, a hollow fiber membrane may be damaged and the quality of filtered water may be reduced.
- the plurality of through holes 4c the amount of water flowing out from the opening at the tip can be reduced, and damage to the hollow fiber membrane due to the water flow can be effectively prevented.
- the through holes are preferably at least 30 mm apart from the interfaces Fa and Fb of the fixing part, more preferably 40 mm or more.
- the yarn bundle 1 is formed by the four small bundles 1b, thereby forming a region where the hollow fiber membrane 1a is not filled in the module 10 as described above. That is, as shown in FIG. 2, the hollow fiber membrane 1a is not filled in the concave portion 1e on the outermost surface of the yarn bundle 1 formed by the central portion 1d of the yarn bundle 1 and the two adjacent small bundles 1b. Since the unfilled portions (for example, 1d and 1e) function as a flow path for the filtrate water that has flowed out of the small bundle, the pressure loss can be reduced, and as a result, the effect of improving the module performance can be realized.
- the unfilled portions for example, 1d and 1e
- the shape of the through hole 4c may be any shape such as a circle, an ellipse, a polygon, or a star, but may be a circle as shown in FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b) or as shown in (c).
- a rectangular slit mold is suitable for molding.
- the maximum dimension in the longitudinal direction of the hollow fiber membrane is preferably in the range of 1 to 10 mm, and particularly preferably in the range of 2 to 8 mm. By doing so, it is possible to prevent the hollow fiber membrane from being pulled into the through hole 4c and being damaged.
- the dimension of a through-hole is changing between the inner surface and outer surface of a rectification
- the total opening area S 3 of the opening area of each through hole 4c is flow-guide cylinder of the tip 4b, 0.4 times or more relative to the flow path cross-sectional area S 4 in the rectifier tube at 5b It is preferably 1.0 times or less. More preferably, it is 0.5 times or more and 0.8 times or less.
- the flow path cross-sectional area S 4 is a value calculated by the following equation (3).
- D 3 represents the inner diameter (m) at the tip of the rectifying cylinder
- d O represents the outer diameter (m) of the hollow fiber membrane
- N represents the number of hollow fiber membranes forming the yarn bundle.
- the aperture ratio due to the through hole 4c in the second region is preferably higher than the aperture ratio due to the through hole 4c in the first region. That is, it is preferable that the amount of water flowing out from the inside of the flow straightening cylinder is small on the side close to the fixed part and relatively large on the side far from the fixed part. As a result, the force received by the hollow fiber membrane by the water flow in the vicinity of the fixed portion can be reduced, and the force received by the hollow fiber membrane by the water flow at the opening end of the rectifying cylinder can be effectively reduced.
- a group of through holes arranged so as to surround the periphery of the cylinder are arranged at equal intervals in the length direction of the hollow fiber membrane (same as above). (See the double-headed arrow in the figure) and the diameter of the through-hole group in the position near the fixing portions 3a, 3b of the through-hole group is relatively small, There is a mode in which the opening diameter is relatively large. Further, as shown in FIG. 3 (a), a group of through holes arranged so as to surround the periphery of the cylinder are arranged at equal intervals in the length direction of the hollow fiber membrane (same as above). (See the double-headed arrow in the figure) and the diameter of the through-hole group in the position near the fixing portions 3a, 3b of the through-hole group is relatively small, There is a mode in which the opening diameter is relatively large. Further, as shown in FIG.
- each through hole is made the same, and the pitch of the through hole group in the length direction of the hollow fiber membrane is gradually increased from a position close to the fixing portions 3a and 3b to a position far from the fixed portion 3a, 3b. It is good also as an aspect which makes small (refer the double arrow in the figure).
- FIG.3 (c) when providing a slit type
- the case where the openings of the tip portions 4b and 5b of the rectifying cylinders 4 and 5 function as openings for circulating the water inside the rectifying cylinders 4 and 5 to the nozzles 2a and 2b is exemplified. Is not limited to this.
- a mode in which an opening is provided on the side surface of the rectifying cylinder without providing a gap between the outer diameter of the tip portion 14 b of the rectifying cylinder and the inner diameter of the cylindrical case 2 can be employed.
- the inner diameter of the tip end portion 14b of the rectifying cylinder and the inner diameter of the cylindrical case 2 are made substantially equal. By doing in this way, it can prevent that a hollow fiber membrane contacts and damages the internal-surface corner
- the rectifying cylinder 14 is formed of a cylindrical member whose diameter increases from the base end portion 14a toward the tip end portion 14b, and the tip end portion 14b is joined to the inner surface of the cylindrical case 2. ing.
- a through hole 14c is formed in the side surface of the flow straightening tube, and water in the flow straightening tube flows out from the through hole 14c to the outside of the flow straightening tube, and passes through a gap between the outer surface of the flow straightening tube and the inner surface of the cylindrical case 2. The nozzle can flow out.
- the position of the through hole 4c is preferably at least 30 mm away from the interface Fa of the fixing portion, and more preferably 50 mm or more away.
- the shape and dimensions of the through hole are as described above.
- FIG. 5 the illustration of the yarn bundle 1 and the like is omitted.
- the nozzle and the pair of rectifying cylinders may have the same shape and dimensions on one end side and the other end side, or may have different shapes and dimensions. It is preferable to design the shape and dimensions so that the flow resistance when water flows from the inside of the flow straightening cylinder to the nozzle is substantially the same. When these are made into the same shape and dimension, since it has the advantage which can make flow resistance substantially the same and can reduce the member kind at the time of producing a case, it is more preferable.
- a hollow fiber membrane module having a module water permeability performance based on the filtration part volume of 1000 to 3000 m 3 /hr/0.1 MPa) / m 3 @ 25 ° C. can be obtained.
- Module water permeability of the filtration unit volume basis is 1100 ⁇ 2300m 3 /hr/0.1MPa)/m 3 @ 25 °C, 1200 ⁇ 2000m 3 / hr /0.1 MPa) / m 3 @ 25 ° C. is particularly preferable.
- the hollow fiber membrane module in this range can maintain a stable filtered water quality for a long period of time with a large amount of filtered water.
- the module water permeability performance based on the filtration section volume is within the above range, and the water permeability per module is 20 to 40 m 3 /h/0.1 MPa @ 25 ° C.
- a hollow fiber membrane module in this range can be held by one person and has excellent handling properties, and can be attached to a filtration device having a narrow mounting pitch. Therefore, coupled with the large amount of filtered water per module, the filtering device can be made more compact.
- a protection cylinder 40 having a large number of holes 40a is known as a means for protecting the end of the yarn bundle 1.
- the protective cylinder 40 is intended to restrain the outer periphery of the yarn bundle 1, thereby preventing excessive vibration of the hollow fiber membrane 1a and suppressing breakage of the hollow fiber membrane 1a.
- the hollow fiber membrane 1a continuously receives a unidirectional force from the water flow, thereby creeping the hollow fiber membrane 1a. Destruction is considered to occur. That is, it is difficult to prevent creep-like breakage by a method of simply restraining the outer periphery of the yarn bundle 1, and it is considered that damage due to water flow cannot be sufficiently reduced.
- the filtration apparatus 100 shown in FIG. 4 is for performing the internal pressure type filtration which supplies to-be-processed water to the hollow part of the hollow fiber membrane 1a, and filters outside.
- the filtration device 100 includes a module 10, a pipe L ⁇ b> 1 that supplies water to be treated to the module 10, pipes (filtrated water discharge pipes) L ⁇ b> 2 and L ⁇ b> 3 that discharge filtered water and concentrated water from the module 10, and midway between these pipes It consists of a pressure gauge (Pi, Pf, Po) and valves (V1 to V3) arranged.
- the module 10 is arranged vertically.
- the treated water supply pipe L1 is connected to the pipe connection cap 6b, and the pipe L3 for discharging concentrated water is connected to the pipe connection cap 6a.
- the filtrate discharge pipes L2a and L2b are connected to the upper nozzle 2a and the lower nozzle 2b of the cylindrical case 2, respectively. If the module is arranged vertically, the air in the module can be easily replaced with water without generating an air reservoir when water to be treated is introduced and the module is filled with water.
- the treated water is supplied to the hollow portion of the hollow fiber membrane 1a by introducing the treated water into the module 10 through the treated water supply pipe L1.
- the filtered water flowing out from the outer surface side of the hollow fiber membrane 1a is collected from both the upper nozzle 2a and the lower nozzle 2b.
- the filtrate discharge pipe L2b connected to the lower nozzle 2b rises at an elbow and merges with the other filtrate discharge pipe L2a.
- the upper and lower filtered water discharge pipes L2a and L2b are merged near the nozzle located farther than the nozzle located near the side where the treated water is supplied, and led to the side opposite to the side where the treated water is supplied. It is preferable to do.
- the flow resistance in the filtered water module 10 and the flow resistance in the filtrate discharge pipe L2 are balanced, and as a result, the amount of filtrate from the upper nozzle and the amount of filtrate from the lower nozzle are almost the same. Become.
- the filtered water discharge pipes L2a and L2b preferably have an inner diameter of 0.80 to 1.20 times the inner diameter of the connected nozzle. Within this range, the pressure loss at the connecting portion can be reduced to a negligible level, and problems due to the occurrence of water retention (problems of prolonged sterilization operation and long time for startup after sterilization operation) Problem) does not occur.
- the apparatus which attached one hollow fiber membrane module in FIG. 4 was shown, in an actual ultrapure water manufacturing apparatus, several hollow fiber membrane modules are attached and filtered water from each module is attached. It is customary to collect the filtered water from each module in a lump by connecting the pipe to a collecting pipe having a large inner diameter.
- the filtrate drain pipes L2a and L2b from the upper and lower nozzles of each module may be connected, and the connection pipe may be connected to the above-mentioned collective pipe.
- the filtered water discharge pipes L2a and L2b can be individually connected to the collecting pipe.
- the hollow fiber membrane module can be applied to an ultrapure water production system.
- ultrapure water production system when producing ultrapure water, primary pure water production equipment combining raw water with coagulating sedimentation equipment, sand filtration equipment, activated carbon filtration equipment, reverse osmosis membrane filtration equipment, ion exchange resin tower, degassing tower, ultraviolet irradiation equipment, etc. In this way, pure water is obtained.
- the pure water is further processed by an ultrapure water production apparatus including an ultraviolet irradiation device, an ion exchange resin tower, and an ultrafiltration membrane device to obtain ultrapure water.
- the ultrapure water production apparatus may further include a reverse osmosis membrane filtration apparatus.
- At least ultraviolet irradiation means such as the ultraviolet irradiation apparatus, ion exchange treatment means such as an ion exchange resin tower, and an ultra membrane filtration apparatus.
- ion exchange treatment means such as an ion exchange resin tower
- ultra membrane filtration apparatus it is preferable to use the hollow fiber membrane module of the present embodiment as the ultrafiltration water filtration means in the ultrapure water production system including the ultrafiltration membrane filtration means.
- the ultra membrane filtration treatment means is finally carried out by the ultra membrane filtration treatment means immediately before the use point (use location).
- the deterioration material of the ion exchange resin used in the ion exchange treatment means is mixed, it can be removed by the ultrafiltration process at the later stage, and the ultrapure water with good water quality can be stably used at the point of use. Can be supplied.
- the filtration operation in the range where the transmembrane pressure difference (see the section of “Measurement of module water permeability” described later) is 0.5 to 3.0 MPa. 0.7 to 2.0 MPa is more preferable, and 0.9 to 1.5 MPa is particularly preferable. If it is this range, the filtration water of favorable water quality can be stably obtained over a long period of time with a large amount of filtrate water.
- a polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane was used as the hollow fiber membrane.
- the characteristics are shown below.
- Inner diameter / outer diameter 0.75 mm / 1.35 mm
- Internal surface area converted short thread water permeability 4500 LMH (measured value at membrane effective length of 5 cm)
- Tensile strength 5.0 MPa
- Tensile elongation at break 120%.
- the water permeability of the hollow fiber membrane is 25 ° C. ultrafiltration filtered water (water filtered through an ultrafiltration membrane with a molecular weight cut off of 4000) permeated from the inner surface to the outer surface of a 50 mm long hollow fiber membrane.
- the breaking strength and breaking elongation of the hollow fiber membrane were measured using an autograph AGS-5D manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation at a sample length of 30 mm and a pulling speed of 50 mm / min.
- the breaking strength (MPa) is a value calculated by dividing the breaking load per hollow fiber membrane by the cross-sectional area of the membrane before pulling.
- the elongation at break (%) is the ratio of the length stretched to break to the original length.
- Example 1 ⁇ Production of hollow fiber membrane module>
- a transparent polysulfone having the same configuration as the cylindrical case 2 shown in FIG. 1 was used.
- the dimensions of this cylindrical case are as follows. Cylindrical inner diameter / outer diameter in the filtration region: 154 mm / 170 mm, Inner diameter / outer diameter of cylindrical part in nozzle part: 162 mm / 183 mm, Nozzle inner diameter: 58 mm, Length of cylindrical case / distance between nozzle centers: 1050 mm / 872 mm.
- Two cylinders made of transparent polysulfone (sizes are as follows) used as a rectifying cylinder were prepared. Inner diameter / outer diameter of the base end: 142 mm / 147 mm, Inner diameter / outer diameter of the tip: 142 mm / 146 mm, Length: 135mm, Four rectifications were provided on the side surface of the rectifying cylinder, and these ridges were joined to the inner surface of the cylindrical case to fix the rectifying cylinder to both ends of the cylindrical case in advance.
- a hollow fiber membrane module was produced by heating to 50 ° C. and curing, cutting both ends of the hollow fiber membrane, and opening the hollow portion of the hollow fiber membrane.
- This hollow fiber membrane module had a length between cut end faces (distance between both end faces of the hollow fiber membrane) of 1045 mm and an effective membrane length of 930 mm.
- a pipe connection cap made of polysulfone was joined to both end faces of the hollow fiber membrane module via O-rings. The distance between the end faces of both pipe connection caps was 1180 mm.
- the values of the hollow fiber membrane outer channel cross-sectional area S 1 and the nozzle channel cross-sectional area S 2 in the cylindrical case portion of the hollow fiber membrane module are 8.6 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 m 2 , and 2. It was 6 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 m 2 and S 2 / S 1 was 0.31.
- the module weighed 34 kg when the internal water was completely dripped, and could be carried alone.
- pure water at 25 ° C is filtered and the flow rate of filtered water is adjusted to 10 m 3 / hr, and the amount of concentrated water is adjusted to 0.3 m 3 / hr to adjust the opening of the valves V1 and V3 to start water flow.
- the air was replaced with water.
- the valve V2 was fully opened at the time of water flow.
- the transmembrane pressure difference ⁇ P (MPa) is calculated by the following equation (4), where Pi is the pressure of the water to be treated, Po is the pressure of the concentrated water, Pf is the pressure of the filtered water, and H is the height correction value. Value.
- the height correction value H (MPa) is a value calculated by the following formula (5) when the height from the floor surface at each measurement position of Pi, Po, Pf is Hi, Ho, Hf [m]. is there.
- the module permeation performance based on the filtration section volume calculated from the module water permeability, the cylindrical case inner diameter (154 mm), and the membrane effective length (930 mm) is 1620 m 3 /hr/0.1 MPa / m 3 @ 25 ° C. is there.
- the flow rate from the lower nozzle was measured while passing through each filtered water flow rate, the flow rate from the lower nozzle showed almost 1/2 of the filtered water flow rate, and almost the same amount from the upper and lower nozzles. It was confirmed that the filtered water was flowing out.
- Table 1 The results are shown in Table 1.
- Examples 2 to 5, Comparative Example 1 Hollow fiber membrane modules according to Examples 2 to 5 and Comparative Example 1 were produced in the same manner as Example 1 except that a cylindrical case with a different nozzle inner diameter was used. The nozzle position was set so that the apparent volume and the filtration part volume of these hollow fiber membrane modules were the same as in Example 1. And the filtration apparatus was comprised like Example 1 except having changed the internal diameter of piping L2a and L2b, and it tested and evaluated similarly to Example 1. FIG. The results are shown in Table 1. In Examples 2 to 5, it was confirmed that almost the same amount of filtered water flowed out from the upper and lower nozzles, indicating a large module water permeability.
- Comparative Example 1 the filtration resistance was large and the module water permeability performance was lowered. Moreover, since the transmembrane pressure difference exceeded 0.3 MPa, water could not be passed at a filtrate water flow rate of 36 m 3 / h.
- Example 6 A hollow fiber membrane module according to Example 6 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the hollow fiber membrane bundle was not divided into four bundles but made into one bundle. That is, one bundle formed by wrapping 7000 hollow fiber membranes with a polyethylene net was prepared to produce a hollow fiber membrane module. In addition, the apparent volume and filtration part volume of this hollow fiber membrane module are the same as Example 1. Next, a filtration apparatus was constructed in the same manner as in Example 1, and tests and evaluations were performed in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1. In Example 6, it was confirmed that almost the same amount of filtered water had flowed out from the upper and lower nozzles, indicating a large module water permeability.
- Comparative Example 2 A hollow fiber membrane module according to Comparative Example 2 in the same manner as in Example 1 except that four small bundles formed by wrapping 1550 hollow fiber membranes with a polyethylene net and using a cylindrical case with a nozzle diameter of 42 mm was made. The nozzle position was set so that the apparent volume and the filtration part volume of this hollow fiber membrane module were the same as in Example 1. Subsequently, except that the filtrate discharge pipe was changed to a pipe having an inner diameter of 42 mm, a filtration apparatus was configured in the same manner as in Example 1, and tests and evaluations were performed in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1. In this comparative example 2, the balance of the flow rate of filtrate from the upper and lower nozzles was greatly lost, and a large amount of filtrate flowed out from the upper nozzle.
- Comparative Example 3 A hollow fiber membrane module according to Comparative Example 3 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 7700 hollow fiber membrane bundles were used as one bundle and a cylindrical case having a nozzle diameter of 77 mm was used. That is, a hollow fiber membrane module was prepared by preparing one bundle formed by wrapping 7700 hollow fiber membranes with a polyethylene net. The channel cross-sectional area ratio S 2 / S 1 of the module was 0.61. The nozzle position was set so that the apparent volume and the filtration part volume of this hollow fiber membrane module were the same as in Example 1. Next, a filtration apparatus was constructed in the same manner as in Example 1, and tests and evaluations were performed in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1. In Comparative Example 3, the balance of the filtrate water flow rate from the upper and lower nozzles was greatly lost, and a large amount of filtrate water flowed out from the lower nozzle.
- Example 7 A hollow fiber membrane module according to Example 7 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a rectifying cylinder (see FIG. 3A) in which the following through hole was formed on the side surface of the rectifying cylinder was used. .
- the flow straightening cylinder used in this example has the following shape.
- Inner diameter / outer diameter of the base end 142 mm / 147 mm
- Inner diameter / outer diameter of the tip 142 mm / 146 mm
- Length 135mm
- Through hole 1st line: diameter 4 mm, hole center position 53.5 mm from the base end, 18 at 15 degree intervals 2nd line: diameter 4 mm, hole center position 63.0 mm from the base end, 17 at 15 degree intervals
- Third line diameter 5 mm, hole center position 72.5 mm from the base end, 18 at 15 degree intervals
- Fourth line diameter 5 mm, hole center position 82.0 mm from the base end, 14 at 15 degree intervals 5th line: diameter 6 mm, hole center position 91.5 mm from the base end, 18 at 15 degree intervals 6th line: diameter 6 mm, hole center position 101.0 mm from the base end, 17 at 15 degree intervals
- Line 7 Diameter 7 mm
- Line 8 Diameter 7
- no holes are provided in the range of 45 ° to the left and right with respect to the central axis of the rectifying cylinder, and through holes are provided in the range of 45 ° to the left and right with respect to the central axis of the nozzle
- the rectifying cylinder was placed in the cylindrical case so that it did not exist.
- the number of projections for fixing to the cylindrical case and the position of the holes overlaps at three locations, so the number of 14 rows is 14.
- the total opening area of the through holes is 226, 214, 353, 275, 509, 481, 924 from the side closest to the base end of the flow straightening tube (first row) to the far side (eighth row). 924 mm 2 .
- the through hole is larger on the side farthest than the side closest to the base end.
- the hollow fiber membrane module of the present example has a flow path cross-sectional area ratio S 2 / S 1 of 0.31, and the weight is 34 kg in a state where the internal water has dripped completely, and it can be carried alone. It was.
- a filtration device was configured using the hollow fiber membrane module of this example, and the module water permeability was measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the hollow fiber membrane module of this example had a module water permeability of 29 m 3 /hr/0.1 MPa @ 25 ° C. From this value and the module size, apparent volume reference of the module water permeability 1090m 3 /hr/0.1MPa/m 3 @ 25 °C, module water permeability of the filtration unit volume basis is 1690m 3 /hr/0.1MPa/m 3 Calculated as @ 25 ° C.
- the ratio Q a / Q b between the flow rate Q a from the upper nozzle and the flow rate Q b from the lower nozzle is approximately 1.0 in the same manner as in the first embodiment. Almost the same amount of filtered water was flowing out from the nozzle.
- Example 8 A cylindrical member whose diameter increases downward instead of a cylinder having a constant diameter, except that a rectifying cylinder (see FIG. 5) in which the following through hole is formed on the side surface is used.
- a hollow fiber membrane module according to Example 8 was produced.
- the flow straightening cylinder used in this example has the following shape.
- Inner diameter / outer diameter of the base end 142 mm / 147 mm
- Inner diameter / outer diameter of tip portion 154 mm / 158 mm
- Length 85mm
- Through hole First line: width 50 mm, height 4 mm, center position is 55 mm from the base end, 5 pieces
- Second line width 50 mm, height 6 mm, center position is 65 mm from the base end, and width 25 mm, height 6 mm, center position is 65 mm from the base end, 2 pieces
- Third line width 50 mm, height 8 mm, the center position is 77 mm from the base end, and five through-holes are arranged in a staggered manner from the first line to the eighth line.
- first to third lines do not provide holes in the range of 45 ° to the left and right with respect to the central axis of the rectifying cylinder, and have through holes in the range of 45 ° to the left and right with respect to the central axis of the nozzle.
- the rectifying cylinder was placed in the cylindrical case so that it did not exist.
- the total opening area of the through holes is 1000, 1500, and 2000 mm 2 from the side closest to the base end of the flow straightening tube (first row) to the far side (third row), respectively.
- the through hole is larger on the side farthest than the side closest to the base end.
- the hollow fiber membrane module of the present example has a flow path cross-sectional area ratio S 2 / S 1 of 0.31, and the weight is 34 kg in a state where the internal water has dripped completely, and it can be carried alone. It was.
- a filtration device was configured using the hollow fiber membrane module of this example, and the module water permeability was measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the hollow fiber membrane module of this example had a module water permeability of 28 m 3 /hr/0.1 MPa @ 25 ° C. From this value and the module size, apparent volume reference of the module water permeability 1050m 3 /hr/0.1MPa/m 3 @ 25 °C, module water permeability of the filtration unit volume basis is 1620m 3 /hr/0.1MPa/m 3 Calculated as @ 25 ° C. Also in this example, the value of Q a / Q b was approximately 1.0 as in Example 1, and almost the same amount of filtered water was flowing out from the upper and lower nozzles.
- Example 9 In the same manner as in Example 1, two hollow fiber membrane modules according to Example 9 were produced. Using this hollow fiber membrane module, a leak test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 7 except that the filtrate flow rate was changed.
- the hollow fiber membrane on the outermost periphery of the membrane bundle was broken at the site where it contacted the tip of the rectifying cylinder.
- the other hollow fiber membranes on the outermost periphery were slightly damaged and not broken.
- the hollow fiber membrane module subjected to the water flow test at 24 m 3 / h was disassembled and observed after the water flow test, the hollow fiber membrane was not damaged as observed in the leaked module.
- Reference Example 1 A hollow fiber membrane module according to Reference Example 1 was produced in the same manner as Example 1. Using this hollow fiber membrane module, an apparatus having the same configuration as the external pressure filtration apparatus shown in FIG. 6 was constructed. A rotor type flow meter was provided on the downstream side of the valve V7 of the pipe L7 for discharging the concentrated water and on the downstream side of the valve V6 of the filtered water discharge pipe L6. In addition, an ultrasonic flow meter was provided at a position before the filtered water discharge pipe L6b joined to the upper pipe L6a so that the flow rate of water discharged from the lower side through the pipe L6b could be measured. The inner diameters of the pipes L6a and L6b are 51 mm.
- Water flow is started by adjusting the opening of the valves V5 and V7 so that the flow rate of pure water at 25 ° C is 10 m 3 / hr and the amount of concentrated water is 0.3 m 3 / hr in the hollow fiber membrane module.
- the inside of the module was replaced with pure water.
- water was continuously passed for 3 months under the conditions of a filtrate water flow rate of 24 m 3 / hr and a concentrated water amount of 0.3 m 3 / hr.
- the valve V6 was fully opened at the time of water flow.
- the module was removed from the device every month, and a leak test was performed in the same manner as in Example 7. When there was no leak until 2 months later, 3 hollow fiber membranes leaked after 3 months. It was.
- vibration of the hollow fiber membrane was not observed even when water was passed at a filtrate water flow rate of 36 m 3 / h. Vibrating vigorously was observed.
- Table 2 shows the results of Examples 7 to 9 and Reference Example 1.
- the flow rate of filtrate water flowing out from the nozzles at both ends can be made substantially equal without using a flow rate adjusting means such as a valve or an orifice, It is possible to sufficiently suppress the growth of microorganisms in the module and in the filtered water piping, and to stably obtain a large amount of water with good water quality.
- the hollow fiber membrane module of this invention can be made into a compact size, it is particularly suitable as a security filter for use in ultrapure water production facilities.
- the hollow fiber membrane module is also suitable as a pyrogen removal filter for use in water for injection production facilities.
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Abstract
Description
図1~3を参照しながら、本発明に係る中空糸膜モジュールの実施形態について説明する。本実施形態に係る中空糸膜モジュール10は、多数本の中空糸膜1aから成る糸束1と、糸束1を収容する筒状ケース2と、糸束1の両端部に設けられた注型剤から成る一対の固定部3a,3bと、糸束1の両端部をそれぞれ囲繞するように配置された一対の整流筒4,5とを備える。モジュール10は、筒状ケース2の両端に配管接続キャップ6a,6bをナット7a,7bによってそれぞれ装着できるようになっている。ナット7a,7bを締めることで、キャップ6a,6bの溝に配置されたOリング8a,8bによって当該箇所がシールされる。
図4を参照しながら、中空糸膜モジュール10を用いて被処理水(原水)をろ過する方法について説明する。図4に示すろ過装置100は、中空糸膜1aの中空部に被処理水を供給し、外側にろ過する内圧式ろ過を行うためのものである。ろ過装置100は、モジュール10、これに被処理水を供給する配管L1、モジュール10からろ過水及び濃縮水をそれぞれ排出する配管(ろ過水排出管)L2,L3、並びに、これらの配管の途中に配設された圧力計(Pi,Pf,Po)及び弁(V1~V3)等からなる。
上記中空糸膜モジュールは、超純水製造システムに適用することができる。一般に超純水を製造するにあたり、原水を凝集沈殿装置、砂ろ過装置、活性炭ろ過装置、逆浸透膜ろ過装置、イオン交換樹脂塔、脱ガス塔、紫外線照射装置等を組合せた一次純水製造装置で処理を行って純水を得ている。そして、該純水を更に紫外線照射装置、イオン交換樹脂塔、限外ろ過膜装置を含む超純水製造装置で処理して超純水を得ている。該超純水製造装置では、逆浸透膜ろ過装置を更に含むこともある。
内径/外径:0.75mm/1.35mm、
内表面積換算短糸透水量:4500LMH(膜有効長5cmでの測定値)、
引張強さ:5.0MPa、
引張破断伸度:120%。
<中空糸膜モジュールの作製>
筒状ケースとして、図1に示す筒状ケース2と同様の構成の透明ポリスルホン製のものを使用した。この筒状ケースの寸法は以下の通りである。
ろ過領域における円筒部内径/外径:154mm/170mm、
ノズル部における円筒部内径/外径:162mm/183mm、
ノズルの内径:58mm、
筒状ケースの長さ/ノズルの中心間距離:1050mm/872mm。
基端部の内径/外径:142mm/147mm、
先端部の内径/外径:142mm/146mm、
長さ:135mm、
整流筒の側面には4箇所突起を設け、これらの突起を筒状ケースの内面に接合することによって、整流筒を筒状ケースの両端部に予め固定した。
上記中空糸膜モジュールを使用し、図4に示す内圧式ろ過装置と同様の構成の装置を構成した。なお、濃縮水を排出する配管L3の弁V3の下流側及びろ過水排出管L2の弁V2の下流側に各々ローター式流量計を設けた。また、ろ過水排出管L2bが上方の配管L2aに合流する手前の位置に超音波式流量計を設け、下側ノズル3bから配管L2bを通じて排出される水の流量を測定できるようにした。なお、配管L2a、L2bの内径は、51mmである。
次いで、濃縮水量を0.3m3/hrに固定したままろ過水流量が12m3/hrから最大36m3/hrまで段階的に通水量を上げていった。各段階での圧力計Pi、Po、Pfの指示値を読み取り、膜間差圧を求めた。膜間差圧ΔP(MPa)は、被処理水の圧力をPi、濃縮水の圧力をPo、ろ過水の圧力をPf、高さ補正値をHとしたとき、下記式(4)で算出される値である。高さ補正値H(MPa)は、Pi、Po、Pf各々の計測位置の床面からの高さをHi、Ho、Hf〔m〕としたとき、下記式(5)で算出される値である。
ノズル内径を変えた筒状ケースを用いた他は、実施例1と同様にして実施例2~5及び比較例1に係る中空糸膜モジュールを作製した。これらの中空糸膜モジュールの見かけ容積とろ過部容積は、実施例1と同じになるようにノズル位置を設定した。そして、配管L2a、L2bの内径を変えた他は、実施例1と同様にしてろ過装置を構成し、実施例1と同様にして試験及び評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。実施例2~5では、いずれも上下のノズルからほぼ同量のろ過水が流出しており、大きなモジュール透水性能を示すことが確認された。これに対して、比較例1では、ろ過抵抗が大きくモジュール透水性能が低下した。また、膜間差圧が0.3MPaを超えてしまうことから、ろ過水流量36m3/hで通水することができなかった。
中空糸膜束を4束に分割せず、1束にした他は、実施例1と同様にして実施例6に係る中空糸膜モジュールを作製した。すなわち、中空糸膜7000本をポリエチレン製ネットで包んで形成した束を1つ準備して中空糸膜モジュールを作製した。なお、この中空糸膜モジュールの見かけ容積とろ過部容積は、実施例1と同じである。次いで、実施例1と同様にしてろ過装置を構成し、実施例1と同様にして試験及び評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。実施例6においては、上下のノズルからほぼ同量のろ過水が流出しており、大きなモジュール透水性能を示すことが確認された。
中空糸膜1550本をポリエチレン製ネットで包んで形成した小束4つを用い、ノズル径が42mmの筒状ケースを使用した他は実施例1と同様にして比較例2に係る中空糸膜モジュールを作製した。なお、この中空糸膜モジュールの見かけ容積とろ過部容積は、実施例1と同じになるようにノズル位置を設定した。次いで、ろ過水排出管を内径42mmのパイプに変えた他は実施例1と同様にしてろ過装置を構成し、実施例1と同様にして試験及び評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。本比較例2においては、上下のノズルからのろ過水流量のバランスが大きく崩れ上側ノズルから多量にろ過水が流出していた。
中空糸膜束7700本を1束にし、ノズル径が77mmの筒状ケースを用いた他は、実施例1と同様にして比較例3に係る中空糸膜モジュールを作製した。すなわち、中空糸膜7700本をポリエチレン製ネットで包んで形成した束を1つ準備して中空糸膜モジュールを作製した。該モジュールの流路断面積比S2/S1が0.61であった。なお、この中空糸膜モジュールの見かけ容積とろ過部容積は、実施例1と同じになるようにノズル位置を設定した。次いで、実施例1と同様にしてろ過装置を構成し、実施例1と同様にして試験及び評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。比較例3においては、上下のノズルからのろ過水流量のバランスが大きく崩れ下側ノズルから多量にろ過水が流出していた。
整流筒の側面に下記の貫通穴が形成された整流筒(図3(a)参照)を用いた点の他は、実施例1と同様にして実施例7に係る中空糸膜モジュールを作製した。
本実施例で使用した整流筒は、以下のような形状である。
基端部の内径/外径:142mm/147mm、
先端部の内径/外径:142mm/146mm、
長さ:135mm、
貫通穴:
1行目:直径4mm、穴中心位置が基端部から53.5mm、15度間隔で18個
2行目:直径4mm、穴中心位置が基端部から63.0mm、15度間隔で17個
3行目:直径5mm、穴中心位置が基端部から72.5mm、15度間隔で18個
4行目:直径5mm、穴中心位置が基端部から82.0mm、15度間隔で14個
5行目:直径6mm、穴中心位置が基端部から91.5mm、15度間隔で18個
6行目:直径6mm、穴中心位置が基端部から101.0mm、15度間隔で17個
7行目:直径7mm、穴中心位置が基端部から110.5mm、15度間隔で24個
8行目:直径7mm、穴中心位置が基端部から120.0mm、15度間隔で24個
1行目から8行目にかけて、貫通穴が各々千鳥配置となるようにした。
また、1行目から6行目は、整流筒中心軸に対して左右45°の範囲には穴を設けないようにし、ノズルの中心軸に対して左右45度の範囲内には貫通穴が存在しないように整流筒を筒状ケース内に配置した。また、4行目は、筒状ケースに固定するための突起と穴位置が3ヶ所で重なるため、14個とした。
本実施例の中空糸膜モジュールを用いてろ過装置を構成し、実施例1と同様にしてモジュール透水量を測定した。本実施例の中空糸膜モジュールは、モジュール透水量が29m3/hr/0.1MPa@25℃であった。この値とモジュール寸法から、見かけ容積基準のモジュール透水性能が1090m3/hr/0.1MPa/m3@25℃、ろ過部容積基準のモジュール透水性能が1690m3/hr/0.1MPa/m3@25℃と算出された。また、本実施例においても、実施例1と同様に上側ノズルからの流量Qaと下側ノズルからの流量Qbとの比Qa/Qbの値が概ね1.0であり、上下のノズルからほぼ同量のろ過水が流出していた。
次いで、濃縮水量0.3m3/hr、ろ過水流量36m3/hrの条件で通水を3ヶ月間行った。1ヶ月毎にモジュールを装置から取り外してリーク検査を以下のようにして行いリークの有無を確認した。すなわち、両端の配管接続用キャップを取り外した後、モジュールを水槽に浸漬して内部を純水で満たした。次いで片側のノズルには栓を施して密閉状態とし、他のノズルには空気配管を接続した。0.2MPaまで徐々に空気圧を印加し、モジュール両端を観察して中空部から気泡が継続して出てこないかどうかを確認した。本実施例の中空糸膜モジュールは、3ヶ月後においてもリークが全くなかった。
一定の径を有する円筒の代わりに、下方に向かって径が大きくなる筒状部材であって、その側面に下記の貫通穴が形成された整流筒(図5参照)を用いた点の他は、実施例1と同様にして実施例8に係る中空糸膜モジュールを作製した。本実施例で使用した整流筒は、以下のような形状である。
基端部の内径/外径:142mm/147mm、
先端部の内径/外径:154mm/158mm、
長さ:85mm、
貫通穴:
1行目:幅50mm、高さ4mm、中心位置が基端部から55mmで5個、
2行目:幅50mm、高さ6mm、中心位置が基端部から65mmで4個、と幅25mm、高さ6mm、中心位置が基端部から65mmで2個、
3行目:幅50mm、高さ8mm、中心位置が基端部から77mmで5個
1行目から8行目にかけて、貫通穴が各々千鳥配置となるようにした。
また、1行目から3行目は、整流筒中心軸に対して左右45°の範囲には穴を設けないようにし、ノズルの中心軸に対して左右45度の範囲内には貫通穴が存在しないように整流筒を筒状ケース内に配置した。
本実施例の中空糸膜モジュールを用いてろ過装置を構成し、実施例1と同様にしてモジュール透水量を測定した。
また、実施例7と同様にして3ヶ月間連続的に通水を行ない、リーク検査を行ったところ、3ヶ月後においてもリークは全くなかった。
実施例1と同様にして実施例9に係る中空糸膜モジュールを2本作製した。本中空糸膜モジュールを用いて、ろ過水流量を変えた他は実施例7と同様にしてリーク試験を行った。
実施例1と同様にして参考例1に係る中空糸膜モジュールを作製した。この中空糸膜モジュールを使用し、図6に示す外圧式ろ過装置と同様の構成の装置を構成した。なお、濃縮水を排出する配管L7の弁V7の下流側及びろ過水排出管L6の弁V6の下流側に各々ローター式流量計を設けた。また、ろ過水排出管L6bが上方の配管L6aに合流する手前の位置に超音波式流量計を設け、下側から配管L6bを通じて排出される水の流量を測定できるようにした。なお、配管L6a、L6bの内径は、51mmである。
Claims (19)
- 多数本の中空糸膜から成る糸束と、
前記糸束を収容し且つ側面に複数のノズルを有する筒状ケースと、
前記筒状ケース内の前記糸束の両端部において、前記中空糸膜の外面同士及び当該外面と前記筒状ケースの内面との隙間を封止した一対の固定部と、
を備え、
前記筒状ケース内における中空糸膜外側の流路断面積S1に対する前記ノズルの流路断面積S2の比(S2/S1)が、0.15以上0.60以下である中空糸膜モジュール。 - 複数のノズル各々の流路断面積が、互いに実質的に同じである、請求項1に記載の中空糸膜モジュール。
- 前記糸束は、多数本の中空糸膜を束ねて形成された小束を前記筒状ケース内に複数並行に充填したものであり、少なくとも前記固定部の界面位置に、他の部分と比較して前記中空糸膜の充填密度が低い部分を有する、請求項1又は2に記載の中空糸膜モジュール。
- モジュールの一端が前記固定部によって封止され、前記糸束の両端部をそれぞれ囲繞するように延在する一対の整流筒を更に備え、
前記一対の整流筒は前記固定部から隔離した位置に、前記整流筒内側の水が前記ノズルに流通し得る開口をそれぞれ有する、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の中空糸膜モジュール。 - 前記一対の整流筒のうち少なくとも一方は、前記固定部から離隔した位置に、当該整流筒の外面から内面にかけて貫通する複数の貫通穴をそれぞれ有している、請求項4に記載の中空糸膜モジュール。
- 前記整流筒は、前記貫通穴が存在する領域の全体を、前記固定部に近い側の第1の領域と前記固定部から遠い側の第2の領域とに二等分した場合に、前記第2の領域における前記貫通穴による開口率が、前記第1の領域における前記貫通穴による開口率よりも高い、請求項5に記載の中空糸膜モジュール。
- 25℃におけるろ過部容積基準のモジュール透水性能が、1000~3000m3/hr/0.1MPa/m3である、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の中空糸膜モジュール。
- 25℃における1モジュール当たりの透水量が、20~40m3/hr/0.1MPaである、請求項7に記載の中空糸膜モジュール。
- 多数本の中空糸膜から成る糸束と、
前記糸束を収容し且つ側面に複数のノズルを有する筒状ケースと、
前記筒状ケース内の前記糸束の両端部において、前記中空糸膜の外面同士及び当該外面と前記筒状ケースの内面との隙間を封止した一対の固定部と、
を備え、
前記筒状ケース内における中空糸膜外側の流路断面積S1に対する前記ノズルの流路断面積S2の比(S2/S1)が、0.15以上0.60以下である中空糸膜モジュールを用いてろ過を行うに際して、
被処理水を前記中空糸膜モジュールの片側端部から前記中空糸膜の中空部へと供給し、
前記中空糸膜の外側に流出したろ過水を、前記筒状ケースの両端の前記ノズルから、該ノズルに接続された配管を通じて流出させて採取する、ろ過方法。 - 前記両端のノズルから流出させたろ過水を、前記片側端部に近い側のノズルよりも遠い側のノズルに近い位置にて合流させて採取する、請求項9に記載のろ過方法。
- 前記両端のノズル各々の流路断面積が、互いに実質的に同じである、請求項9又は10に記載のろ過方法。
- 前記配管が、前記ノズルの内径に対して0.80~1.20倍の内径を有する、請求項9~11のいずれか一項に記載のろ過方法。
- 前記糸束は、多数本の中空糸膜を束ねて形成された小束を前記筒状ケース内に複数並行に充填したものであり、少なくとも前記固定部の界面位置に、他の部分と比較して前記中空糸膜の充填密度が低い部分を有する、請求項9~12のいずれか一項に記載のろ過方法。
- モジュールの一端が前記固定部によって封止され、前記糸束の両端部をそれぞれ囲繞するように延在する一対の整流筒を更に備え、
前記一対の整流筒は前記固定部から隔離した位置に、前記整流筒内側の水が前記ノズルに流通し得る開口をそれぞれ有する、請求項9~13のいずれか一項に記載のろ過方法。 - 前記一対の整流筒のうち少なくとも一方は、前記固定部から離隔した位置に、当該整流筒の外面から内面にかけて貫通する複数の貫通穴をそれぞれ有している、請求項14に記載のろ過方法。
- 前記整流筒は、前記貫通穴が存在する領域の全体を、前記固定部に近い側の第1の領域と前記固定部から遠い側の第2の領域とに二等分した場合に、前記第2の領域における前記貫通穴による開口率が、前記第1の領域における前記貫通穴による開口率よりも高い、請求項15に記載のろ過方法。
- 25℃におけるろ過部容積基準のモジュール透水性能が、1000~3000m3/hr/0.1MPa/m3である、請求項9~16のいずれか一項に記載のろ過方法。
- 25℃における1モジュール当たりの透水量が、20~40m3/hr/0.1MPaである、請求項17に記載のろ過方法。
- 少なくとも紫外線照射手段とイオン交換処理手段と、限外膜ろ過処理手段と、を含む超純水製造システムにおいて、
前記限外膜ろ過処理手段は、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の中空糸膜モジュールである、超純水製造システム。
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Also Published As
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CN103153444B (zh) | 2015-06-17 |
TW201223625A (en) | 2012-06-16 |
TWI433715B (zh) | 2014-04-11 |
KR20130041997A (ko) | 2013-04-25 |
CN103153444A (zh) | 2013-06-12 |
JPWO2012043679A1 (ja) | 2014-02-24 |
KR101470263B1 (ko) | 2014-12-05 |
JP5839601B2 (ja) | 2016-01-06 |
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