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WO2011103781A2 - 身份标识与位置分离的实现方法、设备及数据封装方法 - Google Patents

身份标识与位置分离的实现方法、设备及数据封装方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011103781A2
WO2011103781A2 PCT/CN2011/070919 CN2011070919W WO2011103781A2 WO 2011103781 A2 WO2011103781 A2 WO 2011103781A2 CN 2011070919 W CN2011070919 W CN 2011070919W WO 2011103781 A2 WO2011103781 A2 WO 2011103781A2
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Prior art keywords
mpls
rloc
label
data packet
etr
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PCT/CN2011/070919
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English (en)
French (fr)
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WO2011103781A3 (zh
Inventor
胡方伟
顾忠禹
金利忠
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中兴通讯股份有限公司
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Application filed by 中兴通讯股份有限公司 filed Critical 中兴通讯股份有限公司
Priority to US13/579,806 priority Critical patent/US8750301B2/en
Priority to EP11746823.1A priority patent/EP2528298B1/en
Publication of WO2011103781A2 publication Critical patent/WO2011103781A2/zh
Publication of WO2011103781A3 publication Critical patent/WO2011103781A3/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/50Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks using label swapping, e.g. multi-protocol label switch [MPLS]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to an implementation method, a device, and a data encapsulation method for identity identification and location separation.
  • the problem of excessive routing table size has proposed a large number of solutions, which are mostly based on a common idea: identity and location separation (Locator/ID Split), which separates the identity of the IP address from the dual attribute of the routing location.
  • the Endpoint Identity (EID) is used to identify a host device, and the Routing Locator (RLOC) is used for routing addressing and forwarding of data packets.
  • the Locator ID Separation Protocol (LISP) is a network-based identity and location separation protocol. The basic idea is:
  • EID terminal identifier
  • RLOC routing location
  • ITR ingress tunnel router
  • ETR Egress Tunnel Router
  • the host does not make any changes.
  • the IP address of the data sent by the host is represented by the EID.
  • the transmission of the data packet in the network depends on the RLOC information, and the packet is searched by looking up the RLOC routing table. Forward
  • the ITR is responsible for the encapsulation and mapping of the data packet, that is, the corresponding RLOC information is found according to the destination EID information in the data packet, and the found RLOC information is encapsulated in the data packet header; (4) When the ETR is responsible for receiving the data packet, it decapsulates the data packet and forwards it to the destination host.
  • the data encapsulation and forwarding of the LISP protocol uses an "IP-in-IP" method.
  • the source IP address and destination IP address of the outer IP packet header are the routing location (RLOC) address, which is used for data.
  • the source IP address and destination IP address of the inner IP address are the terminal identifier (EID), and the data packet encapsulation format is shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, respectively.
  • Figure 1 shows the IPv4 report.
  • Figure 2 shows the IP-in-IP encapsulation format of the IPv6 packet.
  • Figure 3 shows the data forwarding mode of the existing LISP network.
  • the ITR After receiving the IP packet of the host, the ITR searches for the corresponding RLOC address in the local mapping cache (cache) according to the destination EID address in the packet. Generally, the ETR and RLOC mapping are saved in the local cache of the ITR. Relationship, if the mapping between EID and RLOC is not found in the ITR local cache, it needs to be queried to the mapping system and saved in the local mapping cache.
  • the ITR encapsulates the IP packet header on the outside of the host IP packet, and encapsulates the found RLOC address into the destination IP address of the outer IP packet. In the process of transmitting data packets in the IP backbone network, only the destination RLOC address of the outer layer is used to look up the routing table for forwarding. When the data packet arrives at the ETR, the ETR strips the outer IP packet header, and the inner layer is The IP packet is forwarded to the destination host.
  • the deployment of LISP technology in existing IP networks requires the formation of a tunnel router boundary and the need to upgrade the protocol stack of the routers on these borders to form ITR/ETR to implement LISP IP-in-IP data encapsulation and reporting. The text is forwarded, while other routers are unaffected. Of course, you can also deploy ITR/ETR to implement LISP.
  • the current mainstream IP network basically deploys Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) technology through the label switching path because it implements functions such as VPN service and traffic engineering, and quality of service (QoS). (Label Switched Path, LSP) to implement fast forwarding.
  • MPLS Multi-Protocol Label Switching
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an implementation method, a device, and a data encapsulation method for identity identification and location separation, implementing LISP deployment in an existing MPLS network, and encapsulating data packets in an MPLS network. Forward.
  • the present invention provides an implementation method for identity identification and location separation. The method is applied to a multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) network, and an ingress tunnel router (ITR) and an egress tunnel router (ETR) are also MPLS.
  • MPLS multi-protocol label switching
  • ITR ingress tunnel router
  • ERR egress tunnel router
  • LER label border router
  • a point-to-point label switched path (LSP) tunnel is established between the ITR and the ETR by running the MPLS signaling protocol.
  • the ITR saves the mapping relationship between the terminal identifier (EID) and the routing location (RLOC) of the terminal and the RLOC and the outer MPLS label. Mapping the relationship and based on the outer layer corresponding to the RLOC
  • the step of forwarding the data packet of the terminal includes: when the ITR receives the data packet sent by the terminal, according to the destination terminal in the data packet
  • the EID searches for the corresponding RLOC, and then finds the corresponding outer MPLS label according to the RLOC;
  • the ITR encapsulates the data packet in two layers, and first encapsulates an inner MPLS label outside the data packet, where the inner MPLS label is used to indicate that the data packet is a location identifier and identity separation protocol (LISP).
  • the data packet is encapsulated in the outer layer and sent to the MPLS network, and then forwarded to the ETR accessed by the destination host by using the outer MPLS label.
  • the method further includes: The inner MPLS label is distributed by the extended multi-protocol border routing protocol (MP-BGP), and the ETR separately distributes different inner MPLS labels to multiple ITRs.
  • the method further includes: the ETR storing a mapping relationship between the inner MPLS label and the RLOC; after receiving the data packet, the ETR searches for the corresponding RLOC according to the inner MPLS label encapsulated in the data packet. among them,
  • the LISP data packet includes: an inner IP packet header, and the source IP address and the destination IP address of the inner IP packet header are EID addresses; and the LISP header is included, or the user data packet protocol is also included. UDP) header and LISP header. among them,
  • the MPLS signaling protocol includes: a Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) or a Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP).
  • LDP Label Distribution Protocol
  • RSVP Resource Reservation Protocol
  • the present invention further provides a data encapsulation method for identity identification and location separation, the method being applied to a multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) network, the method comprising: an ingress tunnel router (ITR) to a datagram
  • ITR ingress tunnel router
  • the method performs a two-layer label encapsulation, and first encapsulates an inner layer MPLS label outside the data packet, where the inner layer MPLS label is used to indicate that the data packet is a location and identity separation protocol (LISP) data packet, and then encapsulates the data packet.
  • the ITR saves the mapping between the terminal identifier (EID) of the terminal and the routing location (RLOC) and the mapping relationship between the RLOC and the outer MPLS label.
  • the steps of encapsulating an outer layer of the MPLS label include: when the ITR receives the data packet sent by the terminal Searching for the corresponding RLOC according to the EID of the destination terminal in the data packet, and then searching for the corresponding outer MPLS label according to the RLOC, and after completing the encapsulation of the inner MPLS label, the found
  • the outer MPLS label is encapsulated in the outer layer. among them,
  • the inner MPLS label is distributed by the extended multi-protocol border routing protocol (MP-BGP), and the ETR separately distributes different inner MPLS labels to multiple ITRs.
  • MP-BGP extended multi-protocol border routing protocol
  • the LISP data packet includes: an inner IP packet header, and the source IP address and the destination IP address of the inner IP packet header are EID addresses; and the LISP header is included, or the UDP header and the LISP are further included. head.
  • the present invention further provides a Label Border Router (LER) device in an identity identification and location separation network, the LER device being applied to a Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) network, and the LER device is an ingress tunnel. Router (ITR) or egress tunnel router (ETR);
  • the ITR When the LER device is an ITR, the ITR is set to: establish a point-to-point label switched path (LSP) tunnel between the ETR and the ETR, and store the terminal identifier (EID) and the routing location (RLOC).
  • LSP point-to-point label switched path
  • EID terminal identifier
  • RLOC routing location
  • the ITR When the LER device is an ITR, the ITR is configured to perform the following encapsulation on the data packet sent by the terminal, and then send the data packet to the MPLS network according to the EID of the destination terminal in the data packet, and then search for the corresponding RLOC. Searching for the corresponding outer MPLS label according to the RLOC, and encapsulating an inner MPLS label outside the data packet, where the inner MPLS label is used to indicate that the data packet is a location identifier and a identity separation protocol (LISP) datagram. And encapsulating the outer MPLS label in the outer layer; when the LER device is an ETR, the ETR is set to: data sent to the destination terminal. After the packet is decapsulated, the packet is forwarded to the destination terminal. among them,
  • the ITR is further configured to: when the local RLOC corresponding to the EID of the destination terminal is not found locally, initiate a query request to an overlay layer that has an interface with the ITR, where the mapping query request includes The EID of the destination terminal; and the mapping relationship between the EID of the destination terminal and the RLOC is saved locally when receiving the query response returned by the overlay layer; when the LER device is an ETR, the ETR is further set. After the new EID is found, an EID registration request is initiated to the overlay layer, and the new EID and the corresponding RLOC are carried. The overlay layer completes the control plane EID according to the received EID registration request initiated by the ETR.
  • the present invention implements LISP deployment in an existing MPLS network, and implements data forwarding of identity identification and location separation technology based on a label switching protocol tunnel, thereby solving data.
  • the packet encapsulation and forwarding mechanism greatly improves the encapsulation and transmission efficiency of LISP data packets in the MPLS network.
  • FIG. 1 is an IPv4 authentication and encapsulation format of IP-in-IP of LISP;
  • FIG. 2 is an IPv6 authentication encapsulation format of IP-in-IP of LISP;
  • FIG. 3 is a data packet forwarding of existing LISP;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a data packet encapsulation format of a label switching protocol tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a network structure of a label switching protocol based on identity and location separation of a label switching protocol according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a data forwarding process of a label switching protocol tunnel based identity and location separation technology according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides an MPLS label-based data encapsulation method, in which data packets are not encapsulated in IP-in-IP, and the MPLS label encapsulation method is directly used, and the existing MPLS network packet encapsulation is utilized. And the forwarding mechanism greatly improves the encapsulation and transmission efficiency of LISP data packets in the MPLS network.
  • the deployment of LISP technology in the MPLS network can provide end-to-end MPLS network deployment from ITR to ETR, which facilitates the use of MPLS technology to implement network traffic engineering, VPN, and QoS functions.
  • the LISP data packet is no longer encapsulated in the IP header of the IP-in-IP, but uses two layers.
  • MPLS label encapsulation The inner label is used to indicate that the data packet is a LISP data packet, and the outer label is used to forward the data packet in the MPLS network.
  • the purpose of setting the inner label is that when the ETR receives the LISP data packet encapsulated by the MPLS label, the outer label is stripped off, and the data packet is identified as the LISP data according to the inner label value, if not The inner label, when the ETR strips off the outer label, the LISP header ETR device inside will not be recognized. As shown in FIG.
  • the encapsulation format of the data packet is removed from the outer IP header (OH) in the IP-in-IP encapsulation, and the two layers of the MPLS label header are added: Outer label (Outer) Label and Inner Label, where the inner label can be distributed by extending Multi-Protocol Border Gateway Protocol (MP-BGP), and MP-BGP neighbors are established between ETR and ITR, ETR
  • MP-BGP Multi-Protocol Border Gateway Protocol
  • the inner tags are distributed to multiple ITRs, and the inner tags distributed by different ITRs are also different.
  • the inner label is distributed when the ETR and ITR peers enable the LISP function.
  • the inner label also has the function of indicating the corresponding RLOC information.
  • the ETR saves the mapping relationship between the inner MPLS label and the RLOC.
  • the ETR After receiving the data packet, the ETR finds the corresponding RLOC according to the inner label encapsulated in the data packet.
  • the LISP data packet may include a User Datagram Protocol (UDP) header, a LISP header, and an inner IP packet header, where the source IP 4 header header is different.
  • the IP address and the destination IP address are EID addresses; or they may not contain UDP headers; or they may not contain UDP headers or LISP headers.
  • ITR in LISP protocol, and MPLS label border router Label Edge
  • the ITR not only maintains the mapping relationship between the EID-RLOC, but also maintains the mapping relationship between the RLOC and the outer label.
  • the EID address of the terminal can finally query the corresponding outer forwarding label.
  • ETR which is also the MPLS label border router LER, establishes a point-to-point label switching tunnel (LSP Tunnel) between the ITR, and is used for forwarding LISP data.
  • LSP Tunnel point-to-point label switching tunnel
  • the ETR is also responsible for preserving the mapping between the inner label and the RLOC. .
  • the network structure is shown in Figure 5.
  • the overlay structure is still used.
  • the LISP overlay is responsible for accepting the registration of the ETR, completing the establishment and maintenance of the control plane EID-RLOC mapping relationship, and providing the query function to the ITR. For example, when there is a new host EID on the ETR, an EID registration message is sent to the overlay, carrying the new EID and the corresponding RLOC, and the overlay establishes an EID-RLOC mapping relationship of the host.
  • Data forwarding relies on the MPLS network to establish a point-to-point LSP tunnel from ITR to ETR by running signaling protocols such as Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) and Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP).
  • LDP Label Distribution Protocol
  • RSVP Resource Reservation Protocol
  • the mapping between the EID and the RLOC is saved on the ITR, and the mapping relationship between the RLOC and the outer label is saved.
  • the two-layer MPLS format encapsulation of the data packet is performed on the ITR.
  • the decapsulation and route lookup of the IP packet header are not required.
  • Only the outer label (such as Labell, Label2) is required. Exchange can be.
  • ETR can find the corresponding RLOC address according to the inner label Labelx.
  • the mapping between the RLOC and the outer label is saved on the ITR device when the LSP tunnel is established. The label corresponding to the RLOC can be found by querying the label forwarding table.
  • an implementation method for identity identification and location separation based on an existing MPLS network includes:
  • the Ingress Tunnel Router (ITR) and the Egress Tunnel Router (ETR) establish a point-to-point Label Switched Path (LSP) tunnel by running the MPLS signaling protocol, and the ITR saves the mapping between the terminal identifier (EID) of the terminal and the routing location (RLOC). And the RLOC and the outer MPLS label are mapped to the data packet of the terminal.
  • the ITR and the ETR are also LER devices in the MPLS network.
  • the ITR receives the data packet sent by the terminal, the ITR searches for the corresponding RLOC according to the EID of the destination terminal in the data packet, and then searches for the corresponding outer MPLS label according to the RLOC, and first encapsulates an inner layer MPLS.
  • the label is used to indicate that the data packet is a LISP data packet, and the outer MPLS label is encapsulated in the outer layer of the data packet, sent to the MPLS network, and forwarded to the MPLS label by using the outer MPLS label.
  • the MPLS signaling protocol includes: LDP, RSVP, and the like.
  • the present invention also provides a data encapsulation method as described above.
  • Step 101 The host (Host) 1 initiates communication with Host2, and sends an IP packet, which may be an IPv4 or an IPv6 packet.
  • the destination IP address of the IP packet is the EID address of Host2, and the source IP address is Hostl. EID address; Step 102.
  • the ITR After receiving the IP packet, the ITR searches for the corresponding EID2 in the local cache.
  • the RBOC address is further searched for the outbound label corresponding to the RLOC address. If the label is found, the process proceeds directly to step 106. If no label is found, Go to step 105; If the RLOC address corresponding to the EID is not found, indicating that the user 4 is the initial message, proceed to step 103; Step 103.
  • the ITR encapsulates the LISP-Request message (LISP-Request) message to the LISP Overlay Sending the message requesting the RLOC address of the EID2, the query request message includes the EID2; Step 104.
  • the LISP Overlay After receiving the LISP-Request message, the LISP Overlay searches for the RLOC information corresponding to the EID, and encapsulates the LISP query response (LISP-Reply) The message, the LISP-Reply message carries the RLOC address information; Step 105.
  • the ITR After receiving the LISP-Reply message, the ITR stores the mapping relationship between the EID2 and the RLOC in the local cache, and initiates the establishment of the point from the ITR to the ETR. In the process of establishing a point-to-point LSP tunnel, the process of mapping the RLOC to the outer label is implemented on each routing device that needs to be forwarded. When the RLOC address of the host changes, the corresponding outer MPLS label is also redistributed.
  • Step 106 The ITR encapsulates the LISP data packet, and encapsulates the packet in the format of the MPLS packet.
  • the MPLS label is added to the outer layer of the IP packet header.
  • the inner MPLS label is used to indicate the LISP data packet and the outer MPLS label. Used for forwarding data packets in an MPLS network.
  • the destination IP address of the inner IP packet header is the EID2 address, and the source IP address is the EID1 address.
  • Step 107. The ITR forwards the encapsulated LISP data packet to the MPLS network.
  • Step 108. The LISP data packet is in the MPLS network. Label switching is performed according to the outer MPLS label forwarding. The data packet does not need to be searched for the routing table during transmission.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides an implementation system for identity identification and location separation, which is applied to a multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) network, and the system mainly includes:
  • the ITR is set up to establish a point-to-point LSP tunnel with the ETR by running the MPLS signaling protocol, and save the mapping relationship between the EID and the RLOC of the terminal and the mapping relationship between the RLOC and the outer MPLS label, and complete the data sent by the terminal. After the packet is encapsulated, it is sent to the MPLS network.
  • the ETR is configured to: establish a point-to-point LSP tunnel by running the MPLS signaling protocol with the ITR, and receive the data packet sent to the destination terminal, complete the decapsulation of the data packet, and forward the packet to the ETR.
  • the destination terminal Further, the ITR is configured to perform the following encapsulation on the data packet sent by the terminal, and then send the data packet to the MPLS network: search for the corresponding RLOC according to the EID of the destination terminal in the data, and then search for the corresponding RLOC according to the RLOC.
  • the layer MPLS label encapsulates an inner MPLS label outside the data packet, where the inner MPLS label is used to indicate that the data packet is a LISP data packet, and then The outer MPLS label is encapsulated in the outer layer.
  • the ETR is further configured to: perform label decapsulation on the data packet sent to the destination terminal, and forward the data packet to the destination terminal. Further, the ETR is further configured to: separately distribute different inner MPLS labels to the multiple ITRs, where the inner MPLS labels are generated by using an extended multi-protocol boundary routing protocol (MP-BGP); The mapping between the MPLS label and the RLOC, after receiving the data packet, finds the corresponding RLOC according to the inner MPLS label encapsulated in the data packet.
  • MP-BGP extended multi-protocol boundary routing protocol
  • the system further includes an overlay layer, and the ITR and the ETR each have an interface with the overlay layer, where: the ITR is further configured to: when the RLOC corresponding to the EID of the destination terminal is not found locally, Initiating a query request to the overlay layer, where the mapping query request includes an EID of the destination terminal; and when receiving the query response returned by the overlay layer, saving the mapping relationship between the EID of the destination terminal and the RLOC locally
  • the ETR is further configured to: after discovering a new EID, initiate an EID registration request to the overlay, carrying the new EID and the corresponding RLOC; the overlay is set as: EID initiated according to the received ETR
  • the registration request completes the establishment and maintenance of the control plane EID-RLOC mapping relationship; and provides an inquiry function to the ITR, and after receiving the query request including the EID, finds the corresponding RLOC according to the established and maintained EID-RLOC mapping relationship, and Returning a query response, where the query response carries the RLOC corresponding to
  • the embodiment further provides a Label Border Router (LER) device in an identity identification and location separation network, where the LER device is applied to a Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) network, and the LER device is an Ingress Tunnel Router (ITR). Or an egress tunnel router (ETR); wherein, when the LER device is an ITR, the ITR is set to: establish a point-to-point label switched path (LSP) tunnel with the ETR by running an MPLS signaling protocol, and save the terminal.
  • LSP point-to-point label switched path
  • the ETR is set to: establish a point-to-point LSP tunnel between the ITR and the ITR by running the MPLS signaling protocol, And when the data packet sent to the destination terminal is received, the data packet is decapsulated and then forwarded to the destination terminal.
  • the ITR is configured to perform the following encapsulation on the data packet sent by the terminal, and then send the data packet to the MPLS network according to the EID of the destination terminal in the data packet, and then search for the corresponding RLOC. And searching for a corresponding outer MPLS label according to the RLOC, and encapsulating an inner layer MPLS label outside the data packet, where the inner MPLS label is used to indicate that the data packet is a location and identity separation protocol (LISP) data packet. And then encapsulating the outer MPLS label found in the outer layer;
  • LISP location and identity separation protocol
  • the ETR is configured to: perform label decapsulation on the data packet addressed to the destination terminal, and forward the data packet to the destination terminal. among them,
  • the ETR is further configured to: separately distribute different inner MPLS labels to multiple ITRs, wherein the inner MPLS label is extended by a multi-protocol boundary routing protocol (MP-BGP) And generating a mapping relationship between the inner MPLS label and the RLOC, and after receiving the data packet, searching for the corresponding RLOC according to the inner MPLS label encapsulated in the data packet.
  • MP-BGP multi-protocol boundary routing protocol
  • the ITR is further configured to: when the local RLOC corresponding to the EID of the destination terminal is not found locally, initiate a query request to an overlay layer that has an interface with the ITR, the mapping query request The EID of the destination terminal is included; and when the query response returned by the overlay layer is received, the mapping relationship between the EID of the destination terminal and the RLOC is saved locally; when the LER device is an ETR, the ETR The method is further configured to: after the new EID is found, initiate an EID registration request to the overlay layer, and carry the new EID and the corresponding RLOC; wherein the overlay layer completes control according to the received EID registration request initiated by the ETR.
  • the EID-RLOC mapping relationship is established and maintained; and the query function is provided to the ITR. After receiving the query request including the EID, the corresponding RLOC is found according to the established and maintained EID-RLOC mapping relationship, and the query response is returned. The query response carries the RLOC corresponding to the EID.
  • the present invention implements LISP deployment in an existing MPLS network, and implements data forwarding of identity identification and location separation technology based on a label switching protocol tunnel, thereby solving the problem of inefficient data packet encapsulation and transmission;
  • An optimized data encapsulation method is provided.
  • the data packet is no longer encapsulated by IP-in-IP, and the encapsulation mode of the MPLS label is directly used, and the packet encapsulation and forwarding mechanism of the existing MPLS network is greatly improved.
  • the encapsulation and transmission efficiency of LISP data packets in the MPLS network is provided.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种身份标识与位置分离的实现方法,所述方法应用于MPLS网络,ITR和ETR同时也是MPLS网络的LER,所述方法包括:ITR和ETR之间通过运行MPLS信令协议建立点到点的LSP隧道,ITR保存终端的EID与RLOC的映射关系及RLOC与外层MPLS标签的映射关系,并基于该RLOC对应的外层MPLS标签在所述MPLS网络中进行所述终端的数据报文的转发。本发明还公开了一种身份标识与位置分离的数据封装方法以及一种身份标识与位置分离网络中的LER设备。本发明大大提高了LISP数据报文在MPLS网络中的封装和传输效率。

Description

身份标识与位置分离的实现方法、 设备及数据封装方法
技术领域 本发明涉及通信技术领域, 尤其涉及一种身份标识与位置分离的实现方 法、 设备及数据封装方法。
背景技术
随着网络用户的不断增加, 以及新网络技术的发展, 如多穴技术、 流量 工程、 策略路由、 以及虚拟专用网络(Virtual Private Network, VPN )技术 等,导致路由器路由表的规模不断增加,特别是无缺省路由区域( Default-Free Zone, DFZ ) 中的边界网关协议( Border Gateway Protocol, BGP )路由表急 剧增加, 这种路由表规模扩展性问题日益成为当前网络发展的瓶颈。 在 2006年 10月的互联网工程任务组 ( Internet Engineering Task Force, IETF ) 大会上的路由和地址技术研讨会上由互联网架构委员会 ( Internet Architecture Board, IAB )最先提出这一问题, 随后, 针对 DFZ路由表规模 过大的问题提出了大量的解决方案, 这些方案大多基于一个共同的思想: 身 份标识与位置分离 ( Locator/ID Split ) , 即将 IP地址的身份标识与路由位置 的双重属性进行分离, 使用终端标识 (Endpoint Identity, EID )来标识一台 主机设备, 而用路由位置(Routing Locator, RLOC )用于路由寻址和数据报 文的转发。 位置与身份标识分离协议 ( Locator ID Separation Protocol, LISP )是一 种基于网络的身份标识与位置分离协议, 其基本思想是:
( 1 )将现有的 IP地址分为终端标识( EID )和路由位置( RLOC ) , 并 引入了隧道路由器( Tunnel Routers )的概念, 隧道路由器分为入口隧道路由 器 ( Ingress Tunnel Router, ITR )和出口隧道路由器 ( Egress Tunnel Router, ETR ) ;
( 2 )主机不做任何改变, 主机发送的数据的 IP地址用 EID表示, 数据 报文在网络中的传递依赖于 RLOC信息,通过查找 RLOC路由表进行报文的 转发;
( 3 ) ITR负责数据报文的封装和映射的查找, 即根据数据报文中的目的 EID信息查找到对应的 RLOC信息,并将查找到的 RLOC信息封装在数据报 文头部; ( 4 ) ETR 负责收到数据报文时, 进行数据报文的解封装后, 转发到目 的主机。
LISP协议的数据封装和转发釆用一种 "IP-in-IP" 的方式, 外层的 IP报 文头的源 IP地址和目的 IP地址为路由位置( RLOC )地址, 用于数据 ^艮文在 网络中的转发, 而内层的 IP ^艮文头的源 IP地址和目的 IP地址为终端标识 ( EID ) , 数据报文封装格式分别如图 1和 2所示, 其中图 1为 IPv4报文的 IP-in-IP封装格式, 图 2为 IPv6报文的 IP-in-IP封装格式。 图 3示出了现有 LISP网络的数据转发方式。 当 ITR收到主机的 IP报文 后,根据报文中的目的 EID地址在本地映射緩存( cache )中查找对应的 RLOC 地址, 一般情况下, ITR的本地緩存中会保存有 EID和 RLOC的映射关系, 如果 ITR本地緩存中没有查找到 EID和 RLOC的映射关系 ,则需要向映射系 统查询, 并保存在本地映射緩存中。 ITR在主机 IP报文的外面封装 IP报文 头, 将查找到的 RLOC地址封装为外层 IP报文的目的 IP地址。 数据报文在 IP骨干网络中传输的过程中,只依赖于外层的目的 RLOC地址查找路由表进 行转发, 当数据报文到达 ETR后, ETR剥离外层的 IP报文头, 将内层的 IP 报文转发到目的主机。
LISP技术在现有 IP网络中的部署, 需要形成一个隧道路由器的边界, 并需要升级这些边界上的路由器的协议栈从而形成 ITR/ETR, 以实现 LISP 的 IP-in-IP的数据封装和报文转发, 而其他的路由器则可以不受影响。 当然, 也可以全新部署 ITR/ETR来实现 LISP。目前的主流 IP网络因为实现 VPN业 务和流量工程、 以及服务质量(Quality of Service, QoS )等功能, 基本上都 部署了多协议标签交换( Multi-Protocol Label Switching, MPLS )技术, 通过 标签交换路径(Label Switched Path, LSP )来实现快速转发。 因此, 可以考 虑在进行 LISP技术部署的时候, 釆用 MPLS网络中标签交换技术功能, 以 实现报文的快速转发和利用 MPLS在 VPN业务, 流量工程, 以及 QoS等方 面的优势。 目前, 已有技术对于如何在 MPLS网络中有效部署 LISP技术, 以及如 何实现报文的封装和转发, 还没有提出相应的实现方案。
发明内容 本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种身份标识与位置分离的实现方法、 设备及数据封装方法, 在现有 MPLS网络中实现 LISP的部署, 实现数据报 文在 MPLS网络中的封装及转发。 为了解决上述问题,本发明提供了一种身份标识与位置分离的实现方法, 所述方法应用于多协议标签交换(MPLS ) 网络, 入口隧道路由器(ITR )和 出口隧道路由器 (ETR ) 同时也是 MPLS网络的标签边界路由器(LER ) , 所述方法包括:
ITR和 ETR之间通过运行 MPLS信令协议建立点到点的标签交换路径 ( LSP ) 隧道, ITR保存终端的终端标识( EID )与路由位置 ( RLOC ) 的映 射关系及 RLOC与外层 MPLS标签的映射关系,并基于该 RLOC对应的外层
Figure imgf000005_0001
述终端的数据报文的转发的步骤包括: ITR收到所述终端发出的数据报文时, 根据所述数据报文中目的终端的
EID查找对应的 RLOC, 再根据该 RLOC查找到对应的外层 MPLS标签;
ITR对该数据报文进行两层标签封装, 先在该数据报文外封装一层内层 MPLS标签, 该内层 MPLS标签用于指示该数据报文为位置标识与身份标识 分离协议(LISP )数据报文, 再将查找到的外层 MPLS标签封装在外层, 发 送到所述 MPLS网络,通过所述外层 MPLS标签转发到所述目的主机接入的 ETR。 所述的方法还包括: 所述内层 MPLS标签通过扩展多协议边界路由协议(MP-BGP )分发, ETR分别向多个 ITR分发不同的内层 MPLS标签。 所述的方法还包括: 所述 ETR保存所述内层 MPLS标签与 RLOC的映射关系; ETR收到数据报文后,根据数据报文中封装的内层 MPLS标签查找到对 应的 RLOC。 其中,
所述 LISP数据报文中包含: 内层 IP报文头, 该内层 IP报文头的源 IP 地址和目的 IP地址为 EID地址; 还包含 LISP头, 或者, 还包含用户数据报 文协议( UDP ) 头和 LISP头。 其中,
所述 MPLS 信令协议包括: 标签分发协议 (LDP ) 或资源预留协议 ( RSVP ) 。 为了解决上述问题, 本发明还提供了一种身份标识与位置分离的数据封 装方法, 所述方法应用于多协议标签交换(MPLS ) 网络, 所述方法包括: 入口隧道路由器 (ITR )对数据报文进行两层标签封装, 先在该数据报 文外封装一层内层 MPLS标签,该内层 MPLS标签用于指示该数据报文为位 置与身份标识分离协议(LISP )数据报文, 再封装一层外层 MPLS标签, 该 机接入的 ETR。 其中,
ITR保存终端的终端标识 (EID ) 与路由位置 (RLOC ) 的映射关系及 RLOC与外层 MPLS标签的映射关系; 封装一层外层 MPLS标签的步骤包括: ITR收到终端发出的数据报文时, 根据该数据报文中目的终端的 EID查找对应的 RLOC,再根据该 RLOC查找 对应的外层 MPLS标签, 在完成所述内层 MPLS标签的封装后, 将查找到的 外层 MPLS标签封装在外层。 其中,
所述内层 MPLS标签通过扩展多协议边界路由协议(MP-BGP )分发, ETR分别向多个 ITR分发不同的内层 MPLS标签。
其中, 所述 LISP数据报文中包含: 内层 IP报文头, 该内层 IP报文头的源 IP 地址和目的 IP地址为 EID地址; 还包含 LISP头, 或者, 还包含 UDP头和 LISP头。 为了解决上述问题, 本发明还提供了一种身份标识与位置分离网络中的 标签边界路由器( LER )设备,所述 LER设备应用于多协议标签交换( MPLS ) 网络, 所述 LER设备为入口隧道路由器(ITR )或出口隧道路由器(ETR ); 其中,
当所述 LER设备为 ITR时, 所述 ITR设置为: 与 ETR之间通过运行 MPLS信令协议建立点到点的标签交换路径( LSP )隧道,保存终端标识( EID ) 与路由位置 (RLOC ) 的映射关系及 RLOC和外层 MPLS标签的映射关系, 以及完成终端发出的数据报文的封装后, 发送到 MPLS网络; 当所述 LER设备为 ETR时, 所述 ETR设置为: 与 ITR之间通过运行 MPLS信令协议建立点到点的 LSP隧道, 以及收到发往目的终端的数据报文 时, 完成数据报文的解封装后, 转发给所述目的终端。 其中, 当所述 LER设备为 ITR时, 所述 ITR是设置为对终端发出的数据报文 进行如下封装后发送到 MPLS网络:根据所述数据报文中目的终端的 EID查 找对应的 RLOC, 再根据该 RLOC查找对应的外层 MPLS标签, 在该数据报 文外封装一层内层 MPLS标签,该内层 MPLS标签用于指示该数据报文为位 置标识与身份标识分离协议(LISP )数据报文, 再将查找到的外层 MPLS标 签封装在外层; 当所述 LER设备为 ETR时, 所述 ETR设置为: 对发往目的终端的数据 报文进行标签解封装后, 转发给所述目的终端。 其中,
当所述 LER设备为 ETR时, 所述 ETR还设置为: 分别向多个 ITR分发 不同的内层 MPLS标签, 其中, 所述内层 MPLS标签是通过扩展多协议边界 路由协议(MP-BGP )生成; 以及, 保存内层 MPLS标签与 RLOC的映射关系, 收到数据报文后, 根据数据 报文中封装的内层 MPLS标签查找到对应的 RLOC。 其中,
当所述 LER设备为 ITR时, 所述 ITR还设置为: 在本地查找不到目的 终端的 EID对应的 RLOC时,向与所述 ITR存在接口的叠加层发起查询请求, 该映射查询请求中包含所述目的终端的 EID; 以及接收到所述叠加层返回的 查询响应时, 将所述目的终端的 EID与 RLOC的映射关系保存在本地; 当所述 LER设备为 ETR时, 所述 ETR还设置为: 发现新的 EID后, 向 所述叠加层发起 EID注册请求, 携带所述新的 EID及对应的 RLOC; 其中, 所述叠加层根据收到的 ETR发起的 EID注册请求, 完成控制平 面 EID-RLOC映射关系的建立和维护; 以及, 向 ITR提供查询功能, 接收到 包含 EID的查询请求后,根据建立和维护的 EID-RLOC映射关系查找到对应 的 RLOC, 并返回查询响应, 该查询响应中携带所述 EID对应的 RLOC。
与现有技术相比, 本发明至少具有如下有益效果: 本发明在现有 MPLS网络中实现了 LISP的部署, 并基于标签交换协议 隧道实现身份标识与位置分离技术的数据转发, 从而解决了数据报文封装和 传输效率低下的问题; 提供一种优化的数据封装方式, 数据报文不再进行 IP-in-IP的封装, 而 直接釆用 MPLS标签的封装方式,利用现有的 MPLS网络的报文封装和转发 机制, 大大提高了 LISP数据报文在 MPLS网络中的封装和传输效率。 附图概述 图 1为 LISP的 IP-in-IP的 IPv4才艮文封装格式; 图 2为 LISP的 IP-in-IP的 IPv6才艮文封装格式; 图 3为现有 LISP的数据报文转发流程示意图; 图 4为本发明实施例的基于标签交换协议隧道的数据报文封装格式示意 图;
图 5为本发明实施例的基于标签交换协议隧道的身份标识与位置分离的 网络结构示意图; 图 6为本发明实施例的基于标签交换协议隧道的身份标识与位置分离技 术的数据转发流程示意图。
本发明的较佳实施方式 如果直接在现有 MPLS网络中进行部署 LISP,报文的封装和转发方式在 进行报文的 IP-in-IP封装后, 还需要进行 MPLS的标签封装, 报文的封装和 传输效率低下。 为此, 本发明提出一种基于 MPLS标签的数据封装方式, 数 据报文不再进行 IP-in-IP的封装, 而直接釆用 MPLS标签的封装方式, 利用 现有的 MPLS 网络的报文封装和转发机制, 大大提高了 LISP数据报文在 MPLS网络中的封装和传输效率。 同时, 利用该技术进行 LISP技术在 MPLS 网络中的部署, 可以提供从 ITR到 ETR的端到端 MPLS网络部署, 便于利 用 MPLS技术实现网络的流量工程, VPN, 以及 QoS等功能。
下文中将结合附图对本发明的实施例进行详细说明。 需要说明的是, 在 不冲突的情况下, 本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互任意组合。 在现有 MPLS网络部署 LISP时, 主要涉及如下内容:
( 1 ) LISP数据报文不再是 IP-in-IP 的 IP报文头封装, 而釆用两层的 MPLS标签封装: 内层标签用于指示数据报文为 LISP数据报文,外层标签用 于实现数据报文在 MPLS网络中的转发。 其中, 设置内层标签的目的在于, 当 ETR收到 MPLS标签封装的 LISP 数据报文时, 剥离掉外层标签后, 根据内层标签值识别出数据报文为 LISP 数据 >¾文, 如果没有内层标签, 当 ETR剥离掉外层标签后, 里面的 LISP头 部 ETR设备将无法被识别。 如图 4所示, 本发明实施例中, 数据报文的封装格式去掉了 IP-in-IP封 装中外层 IP报文头(OH ) , 增加了两层的 MPLS标签头: 外层标签(Outer Label )和内层标签( Inner Label ) , 其中内层标签可以通过扩展多协议边界 网关协议( Multi-Protocol Border Gateway Protocol , MP-BGP )进行分发, ETR 和 ITR之间建立 MP-BGP邻居, ETR会向多个 ITR分发内层标签, 对于不 同的 ITR所分发的内层标签也不同。 在 ETR和 ITR对等体使能 LISP功能的 时候分发该内层标签。该内层标签还具有指示对应的 RLOC信息的作用 , ETR 上保存内层 MPLS标签与 RLOC的映射关系; ETR收到数据报文后,根据数 据报文中封装的内层标签查找到对应的 RLOC。 其中, 根据具体应用的不同, 上述的 LISP数据报文可以包含用户数据 报协议(User Datagram Protocol, UDP )头、 LISP头和内层的 IP报文头, 其 中内层 IP 4艮文头的源 IP地址和目的 IP地址为 EID地址; 或者, 也可以不包 含 UDP头; 或者, 还可以不包含 UDP头, 也不包含 LISP头。 ( 2 ) LISP协议中的 ITR, 同时是 MPLS的标签边界路由器( Label Edge
Router, LER ) , 因此, ITR不仅仅要维护 EID-RLOC的映射关系, 还需要 维护 RLOC和外层标签的映射关系,通过终端的 EID地址可以最终查询到对 应的外层转发标签;
( 3 ) ETR , 同时是 MPLS的标签边界路由器 LER , 和 ITR之间建立点 到点的标签交换隧道( LSP Tunnel ), 用于 LISP数据的转发; ETR还负责保 存内层标签与 RLOC的映射关系。
本发明实施例提供的基于标签交换协议隧道的身份标识与位置分离的网 络结构如图 5所示, 仍然釆用叠加层结构, LISP叠加层 (Overlay ) 负责接 受 ETR的注册, 完成控制平面 EID-RLOC映射关系的建立和维护, 以及向 ITR提供查询功能。 例如 , 当 ETR上有新的主机 EID时 , 向叠加层发送 EID 注册消息, 携带所述新的 EID 及对应的 RLOC , 叠加层建立该主机的 EID-RLOC映射关系。 数据转发依赖于 MPLS网络, 通过运行信令协议, 如 标签分发协议(Label Distribution Protocol, LDP )、 资源预留协议( Resource Reservation Protocol, RSVP )等协议, 建立 ITR到 ETR的点到点的 LSP 隧 道, ITR上保存 EID到 RLOC的映射关系, 同时保存 RLOC到外层标签的映 射关系。 在 ITR上完成数据报文的两层 MPLS格式封装, 数据报文在 MPLS 网络传输的时候, 不需要进行 IP报文头的解封装和路由查找, 只需进行外层 标签(如 Labell , Label2 )的交换即可。 ETR根据内层标签 Labelx即可找到 对应的 RLOC地址。 其中, RLOC 和外层标签的映射关系在建立 LSP 隧道的时候, 在 ITR 设备上已经保存, 通过查询标签转发表即可查到 RLOC对应的出标签。
为实现上述目的, 本发明实施例的一种基于现有 MPLS网络的身份标识 与位置分离的实现方法, 具体包括:
入口隧道路由器 ( ITR )和出口隧道路由器( ETR )通过运行 MPLS信 令协议建立点到点的标签交换路径 (LSP ) 隧道, ITR保存终端的终端标识 ( EID )与路由位置 ( RLOC ) 的映射关系及 RLOC和外层 MPLS标签的映 述终端的数据报文的转发。 其中, 所述 ITR和 ETR同时也是 MPLS网络中的 LER设备。 其中, ITR收到所述终端发出的数据报文时, 根据所述数据报文中目的 终端的 EID查找对应的 RLOC ,再根据该 RLOC查找对应的外层 MPLS标签, 先封装一层内层 MPLS标签用于指示该数据报文为 LISP数据报文, 再将查 找到的外层 MPLS标签封装在所述数据报文的外层, 发送到 MPLS网络, 通 过所述外层 MPLS标签转发到所述目的主机接入的 ETR。 所述的 MPLS信令协议包括: LDP、 RSVP等。 此外, 本发明还提供了一种如上所述的数据封装方法。
以下结合实例对本发明的基于标签交换协议隧道的身份标识与位置分离 的数据转发过程作进一步说明, 如图 6所示, 该实例的数据转发过程描述如 下:
步骤 101.主机(Host ) 1发起与 Host2的通信, 发送 IP报文, 该报文可 以是 IPv4或者是 IPv6报文等, IP报文的目的 IP地址为 Host2的 EID地址, 源 IP地址为 Hostl的 EID地址; 步骤 102.ITR接收到该 IP报文后, 在本地 cache 中查找 EID2对应的
RLOC, 如果查找到对应的 RLOC地址, 说明该报文不是初始报文, 则继续 查找 RLOC地址对应的出标签, 如果查找到出标签, 则直接转到步骤 106, 如果没有查找到出标签, 则转到步骤 105; 如果没有找到 EID对应的 RLOC 地址, 说明该用户 4艮文为初始 4艮文, 则进入步骤 103; 步骤 103.ITR封装 LISP查询请求( LISP-Request )报文,向 LISP Overlay 发送该报文请求 EID2的 RLOC地址, 该查询请求报文中包含 EID2; 步骤 104. LISP Overlay收到 LISP-Request报文后,查找 EID对应的 RLOC 信息, 并封装 LISP查询响应 (LISP-Reply )报文, 该 LISP-Reply报文中携 带 RLOC地址信息; 步骤 105.ITR收到 LISP-Reply报文后, 将 EID2与 RLOC的映射关系存 储到本地緩存中, 并发起建立从 ITR到 ETR的点到点 LSP隧道; 该步骤中, 建立点到点 LSP隧道的过程, 就是在每台需要做转发的路由 设备上实现 RLOC和外层 Label映射关系的过程。 当主机的 RLOC地址发生 变化时,对应的外层 MPLS标签也会进行重新分配,这一点可釆用现有 MPLS 网络中 IP地址变化时,其对应的外层 MPLS标签重分配的已有技术实现,此 处不再赘述。 其中,该 ITR到 ETR的点到点 LSP隧道可能由于拓朴驱动而预先建立, 这种情况下, 即可直接使用。 步骤 106.ITR封装 LISP数据报文, 以 MPLS报文的格式进行报文封装, 在 IP报文头的外面加两层 MPLS标签, 内层 MPLS标签用于指示 LISP数据 报文, 外层 MPLS标签用于数据报文在 MPLS网络中的转发。 内层的 IP报 文头的目的 IP地址为 EID2地址, 源 IP地址为 EID1地址; 步骤 107.ITR将封装后的 LISP数据报文转发到 MPLS网络; 步骤 108.LISP数据报文在 MPLS网络中进行标签交换,根据外层 MPLS 标签转发; 其中, 数据报文在传输过程中, 不需要查找路由表。 步骤 109. LISP数据才艮文到达 ETR; 步骤 110.ETR对收到的数据报文进行解封装,本发明不禁止 MPLS的前 一跳功能, 因此外层标签会在 ETR的前一跳设备上已经剥离掉, ETR仅仅 剥掉封装的内层标签, 保留内层的 IP报文头; 步骤 111.IP报文根据目的 EID进行路由, 转发到目的主机 Host2。
此外, 本发明实施例中还提供了一种身份标识与位置分离的实现系统, 应用于多协议标签交换(MPLS ) 网络, 该系统主要包括:
ITR,其设置为:与 ETR之间通过运行 MPLS信令协议建立点到点的 LSP 隧道, 保存终端的 EID与 RLOC的映射关系及 RLOC和外层 MPLS标签的 映射关系, 以及完成终端发出的数据报文的封装后, 发送到 MPLS网络;
ETR , 其设置为: 与所述 ITR之间通过运行 MPLS信令协议建立点到点 的 LSP隧道, 以及收到发往目的终端的数据报文时, 完成数据报文的解封装 后, 转发给所述目的终端。 进一步地, 所述 ITR是设置为对终端发出的数据报文进行如下封装后, 发送到 MPLS网络:根据所述数据 4艮文中目的终端的 EID查找对应的 RLOC , 再根据该 RLOC查找对应的外层 MPLS标签,在该数据报文外封装一层内层 MPLS标签, 该内层 MPLS标签用于指示该数据报文为 LISP数据报文, 再 将查找到的外层 MPLS标签封装在外层; 所述 ETR还设置为: 对发往目的终端的数据报文进行标签解封装后,转 发给所述目的终端。 进一步地, 所述 ETR还设置为: 分别向多个 ITR分发不同的内层 MPLS 标签,其中,所述内层 MPLS标签是通过扩展多协议边界路由协议( MP-BGP ) 生成; 以及, 保存内层 MPLS标签与 RLOC的映射关系, 收到数据报文后, 根据数据 报文中封装的内层 MPLS标签查找到对应的 RLOC。 进一步地,所述系统还包括叠加层,所述 ITR与所述 ETR均与所述叠加 层存在接口, 其中: 所述 ITR还设置为: 在本地查找不到目的终端的 EID对应的 RLOC时, 向所述叠加层发起查询请求, 该映射查询请求中包含所述目的终端的 EID; 以及接收到所述叠加层返回的查询响应时, 将所述目的终端的 EID与 RLOC 的映射关系保存在本地; 所述 ETR还设置为: 发现新的 EID后, 向所述叠加层发起 EID注册请 求, 携带所述新的 EID及对应的 RLOC; 所述叠加层设置为: 根据收到的 ETR发起的 EID注册请求, 完成控制 平面 EID-RLOC映射关系的建立和维护; 以及, 向 ITR提供查询功能, 接收 到包含 EID的查询请求后,根据建立和维护的 EID-RLOC映射关系查找到对 应的 RLOC, 并返回查询响应, 该查询响应中携带所述 EID对应的 RLOC。 其中, 所述 ITR和 ETR同时也是 MPLS网络中的 LER设备。
本实施例还提供了一种身份标识与位置分离网络中的标签边界路由器 ( LER )设备, 所述 LER设备应用于多协议标签交换(MPLS ) 网络, 所述 LER设备为入口隧道路由器(ITR )或出口隧道路由器 (ETR ) ; 其中, 当所述 LER设备为 ITR时, 所述 ITR设置为: 与 ETR之间通过运行 MPLS信令协议建立点到点的标签交换路径( LSP )隧道,保存终端标识( EID ) 与路由位置 (RLOC ) 的映射关系及 RLOC和外层 MPLS标签的映射关系, 以及完成终端发出的数据报文的封装后, 发送到 MPLS网络; 当所述 LER设备为 ETR时, 所述 ETR设置为: 与 ITR之间通过运行 MPLS信令协议建立点到点的 LSP隧道, 以及收到发往目的终端的数据报文 时, 完成数据报文的解封装后, 转发给所述目的终端。
其中, 当所述 LER设备为 ITR时, 所述 ITR是设置为对终端发出的数据报文 进行如下封装后发送到 MPLS网络:根据所述数据报文中目的终端的 EID查 找对应的 RLOC, 再根据该 RLOC查找对应的外层 MPLS标签, 在该数据报 文外封装一层内层 MPLS标签,该内层 MPLS标签用于指示该数据报文为位 置与身份标识分离协议( LISP )数据报文, 再将查找到的外层 MPLS标签封 装在外层;
当所述 LER设备为 ETR时, 所述 ETR设置为: 对发往目的终端的数据 报文进行标签解封装后, 转发给所述目的终端。 其中,
当所述 LER设备为 ETR时, 所述 ETR还设置为: 分别向多个 ITR分发 不同的内层 MPLS标签, 其中, 所述内层 MPLS标签是通过扩展多协议边界 路由协议(MP-BGP )生成; 以及, 保存内层 MPLS标签与 RLOC的映射关系, 收到数据报文后, 根据数据 报文中封装的内层 MPLS标签查找到对应的 RLOC。 其中, 当所述 LER设备为 ITR时, 所述 ITR还设置为: 在本地查找不到目的 终端的 EID对应的 RLOC时,向与所述 ITR存在接口的叠加层发起查询请求, 该映射查询请求中包含所述目的终端的 EID; 以及接收到所述叠加层返回的 查询响应时, 将所述目的终端的 EID与 RLOC的映射关系保存在本地; 当所述 LER设备为 ETR时, 所述 ETR还设置为: 发现新的 EID后, 向 所述叠加层发起 EID注册请求, 携带所述新的 EID及对应的 RLOC; 其中, 所述叠加层根据收到的 ETR发起的 EID注册请求, 完成控制平 面 EID-RLOC映射关系的建立和维护; 以及, 向 ITR提供查询功能, 接收到 包含 EID的查询请求后,根据建立和维护的 EID-RLOC映射关系查找到对应 的 RLOC, 并返回查询响应, 该查询响应中携带所述 EID对应的 RLOC。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解上述方法中的全部或部分步骤可通过程序 来指令相关硬件完成, 所述程序可以存储于计算机可读存储介质中, 如只读 存储器、 磁盘或光盘等。 可选地, 上述实施例的全部或部分步骤也可以使用 一个或多个集成电路来实现。 相应地, 上述实施例中的各模块单元可以釆用 硬件的形式实现, 也可以釆用软件功能模块的形式实现。 本发明不限制于任 何特定形式的硬件和软件的结合。 以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已, 并不用于限制本发明, 对于本 领域的技术人员来说, 本发明可以有各种更改和变化。 凡在本发明的精神和 原则之内, 所作的任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等, 均应包含在本发明的保护 范围之内。
工业实用性 本发明在现有 MPLS网络中实现了 LISP的部署, 并基于标签交换协议 隧道实现身份标识与位置分离技术的数据转发, 从而解决了数据报文封装和 传输效率低下的问题; 本发明提供了一种优化的数据封装方式, 数据报文不 再进行 IP-in-IP 的封装, 而直接釆用 MPLS 标签的封装方式, 利用现有的 MPLS网络的报文封装和转发机制, 大大提高了 LISP数据报文在 MPLS网 络中的封装和传输效率。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、一种身份标识与位置分离的实现方法,所述方法应用于多协议标签交 换(MPLS ) 网络, 入口隧道路由器(ITR )和出口隧道路由器(ETR ) 同时 也是 MPLS网络的标签边界路由器 (LER ) , 所述方法包括:
ITR和 ETR之间通过运行 MPLS信令协议建立点到点的标签交换路径 ( LSP ) 隧道, ITR保存终端的终端标识(EID )与路由位置 (RLOC ) 的映 射关系及 RLOC与外层 MPLS标签的映射关系,并基于该 RLOC对应的外层 MPLS标签在所述 MPLS网络中进行所述终^
2、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其中, 基于该 RLOC对应的外层 MPLS 标签在所述 MPLS网络中进行所述终端的数据报文的转发的步骤包括:
ITR收到所述终端发出的数据报文时, 根据所述数据报文中目的终端的 EID查找对应的 RLOC, 再根据该 RLOC查找到对应的外层 MPLS标签;
ITR对该数据报文进行两层标签封装, 先在该数据报文外封装一层内层 MPLS标签, 该内层 MPLS标签用于指示该数据报文为位置标识与身份标识 分离协议(LISP )数据报文, 再将查找到的外层 MPLS标签封装在外层, 发 送到所述 MPLS网络,通过所述外层 MPLS标签转发到所述目的主机接入的 ETR。
3、 如权利要求 2所述的方法, 其还包括, 所述内层 MPLS标签通过扩展多协议边界路由协议(MP-BGP )分发, ETR分别向多个 ITR分发不同的内层 MPLS标签。
4、 如权利要求 3所述的方法, 其还包括, 所述 ETR保存所述内层 MPLS标签与 RLOC的映射关系;
ETR收到数据报文后,根据数据报文中封装的内层 MPLS标签查找到对 应的 RLOC。
5、 如权利要求 2所述的方法, 其中, 所述 LISP数据报文中包含: 内层 IP报文头, 该内层 IP报文头的源 IP 地址和目的 IP地址为 EID地址; 还包含 LISP头, 或者, 还包含用户数据报 文协议( UDP ) 头和 LISP头。
6、 如权利要求 1至 5之任一项所述的方法, 其中, 所述 MPLS 信令协议包括: 标签分发协议 (LDP ) 或资源预留协议 ( RSVP ) 。
7、 一种身份标识与位置分离的数据封装方法,所述方法应用于多协议标 签交换(MPLS ) 网络, 所述方法包括: 入口隧道路由器 (ITR )对数据报文进行两层标签封装, 先在该数据报 文外封装一层内层 MPLS标签,该内层 MPLS标签用于指示该数据报文为位 置与身份标识分离协议(LISP )数据报文, 再封装一层外层 MPLS标签, 该 机接入的 ETR。
8、 如权利要求 7所述的方法, 其中,
ITR保存终端的终端标识 (EID ) 与路由位置 (RLOC ) 的映射关系及 RLOC与外层 MPLS标签的映射关系; 封装一层外层 MPLS标签的步骤包括: ITR收到终端发出的数据报文时, 根据该数据报文中目的终端的 EID查找对应的 RLOC,再根据该 RLOC查找 对应的外层 MPLS标签, 在完成所述内层 MPLS标签的封装后, 将查找到的 外层 MPLS标签封装在外层。
9、 如权利要求 7或 8所述的方法, 其中, 所述内层 MPLS标签通过扩展多协议边界路由协议(MP-BGP )分发, ETR分别向多个 ITR分发不同的内层 MPLS标签。
10、 如权利要求 7或 8所述的方法, 其中, 所述 LISP数据报文中包含: 内层 IP报文头, 该内层 IP报文头的源 IP 地址和目的 IP地址为 EID地址; 还包含 LISP头, 或者, 还包含 UDP头和 LISP头。
11、 一种身份标识与位置分离网络中的标签边界路由器(LER )设备, 所述 LER设备应用于多协议标签交换( MPLS )网络, 所述 LER设备为入口 隧道路由器(ITR )或出口隧道路由器 (ETR ) ; 其中, 当所述 LER设备为 ITR时, 所述 ITR设置为: 与 ETR之间通过运行 MPLS信令协议建立点到点的标签交换路径( LSP )隧道,保存终端标识( EID ) 与路由位置 (RLOC ) 的映射关系及 RLOC和外层 MPLS标签的映射关系, 以及完成终端发出的数据报文的封装后, 发送到 MPLS网络; 当所述 LER设备为 ETR时, 所述 ETR设置为: 与 ITR之间通过运行 MPLS信令协议建立点到点的 LSP隧道, 以及收到发往目的终端的数据报文 时, 完成数据报文的解封装后, 转发给所述目的终端。
12、 如权利要求 11所述的 LER设备, 其中, 当所述 LER设备为 ITR时, 所述 ITR是设置为对终端发出的数据报文 进行如下封装后发送到 MPLS网络:根据所述数据报文中目的终端的 EID查 找对应的 RLOC, 再根据该 RLOC查找对应的外层 MPLS标签, 在该数据报 文外封装一层内层 MPLS标签,该内层 MPLS标签用于指示该数据报文为位 置标识与身份标识分离协议(LISP )数据报文, 再将查找到的外层 MPLS标 签封装在外层; 当所述 LER设备为 ETR时, 所述 ETR设置为: 对发往目的终端的数据 报文进行标签解封装后, 转发给所述目的终端。
13、 如权利要求 12所述的 LER设备, 其中, 当所述 LER设备为 ETR时, 所述 ETR还设置为: 分别向多个 ITR分发 不同的内层 MPLS标签, 其中, 所述内层 MPLS标签是通过扩展多协议边界 路由协议(MP-BGP )生成; 以及, 保存内层 MPLS标签与 RLOC的映射关系, 收到数据报文后, 根据数据 报文中封装的内层 MPLS标签查找到对应的 RLOC。
14、 如权利要求 11、 12或 13所述的 LER设备, 其中, 当所述 LER设备为 ITR时, 所述 ITR还设置为: 在本地查找不到目的 终端的 EID对应的 RLOC时,向与所述 ITR存在接口的叠加层发起查询请求, 该映射查询请求中包含所述目的终端的 EID; 以及接收到所述叠加层返回的 查询响应时, 将所述目的终端的 EID与 RLOC的映射关系保存在本地; 当所述 LER设备为 ETR时, 所述 ETR还设置为: 发现新的 EID后, 向 所述叠加层发起 EID注册请求, 携带所述新的 EID及对应的 RLOC; 其中, 所述叠加层根据收到的 ETR发起的 EID注册请求, 完成控制平 面 EID-RLOC映射关系的建立和维护; 以及, 向 ITR提供查询功能, 接收到 包含 EID的查询请求后,根据建立和维护的 EID-RLOC映射关系查找到对应 的 RLOC, 并返回查询响应, 该查询响应中携带所述 EID对应的 RLOC。
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US8750301B2 (en) 2014-06-10
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