WO2011156798A2 - Detecting and mitigating borehole diameter enlargement - Google Patents
Detecting and mitigating borehole diameter enlargement Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011156798A2 WO2011156798A2 PCT/US2011/040111 US2011040111W WO2011156798A2 WO 2011156798 A2 WO2011156798 A2 WO 2011156798A2 US 2011040111 W US2011040111 W US 2011040111W WO 2011156798 A2 WO2011156798 A2 WO 2011156798A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- borehole
- curve
- drilling parameter
- drilling
- borehole diameter
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000000116 mitigating effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 109
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001010 compromised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000246 remedial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B44/00—Automatic control systems specially adapted for drilling operations, i.e. self-operating systems which function to carry out or modify a drilling operation without intervention of a human operator, e.g. computer-controlled drilling systems; Systems specially adapted for monitoring a plurality of drilling variables or conditions
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/08—Measuring diameters or related dimensions at the borehole
Definitions
- borehole diameter enlargement can cause the loss of one to two days of expensive rig time due to the interruptions in tripping or running.
- Extended reach and/or high-angle wells are susceptible to localized borehole enlargement, and the problems created thereby are exacerbated in such wells.
- Possible causes of hole enlargement include the mechanical and hydraulic damage from the bottomhole assembly (BHA) and mud across the BHA, insufficient mud weight, excessive pressure or hydraulic horsepower per square inch (HSI) drop on the drill bit, excessive flow rate and mud viscosity, drillstring vibration, and others.
- BHA bottomhole assembly
- HSE hydraulic horsepower per square inch
- Figure 1 is a schematic view, partly in cross-section, of a drilling system drilling an earthen borehole
- Figure 2 is a schematic view, partly in cross-section, of a drilling system network with wired drill pipe;
- Figure 3 is a cross-section view of a wired drill collar section of the drilling system network of Figure 2;
- Figure 4 is a cross-section view of a tubular string in a borehole and adjacent an enlarged diameter borehole portion
- Figure 5 is a graph plotting drilling parameter curves and a borehole diameter curve
- Figure 6 is another graph plotting drilling parameter curves and a borehole diameter curve
- Figure 7 is a flow chart illustrating an embodiment of a method in accordance with the principles disclosed herein;
- Figure 8 is a flow chart illustrating another embodiment of a method in accordance with the principles disclosed herein.
- Figure 9 is a flow chart illustrating a further embodiment of a method in accordance with the principles disclosed herein.
- a bottom hole assembly 6 coupled to a drillstring 5 is lowered from a drilling platform 2, such as a ship or other drilling platform.
- the drillstring 5 extends through a riser 3 and a well head 4.
- Drilling equipment is supported within and around a derrick 1 and rotates the drillstring 5 and a drill bit 7, causing the bit 7 to form a borehole 8 through the formation material 9.
- the volume defined between the drill string 5 and the borehole 8 is referred to as an annulus 15.
- the borehole 8 penetrates subterranean zones or reservoirs, such as reservoir 11, that are believed to contain hydrocarbons in a commercially viable quantity. It is also consistent with the teachings herein that the drillstring 5 and bottom hole assembly 6 are employed in other drilling systems, such as those for land-based drilling and land-based platforms.
- the measurement tool and bottom hole assembly may be part of a telemetry and/or electromagnetic network 50 with wired pipes, as shown in Figure 2.
- measurement tool 60 just above a drill bit 51, is coupled to a drill string 52 formed by a series of wired drill pipes 54 connected for communication across junctions using communication elements as described below.
- drill string 52 can be other forms of conveyance, such as coiled tubing or wired coiled tubing.
- Other components of the network 50 comprise a Kelly 56, a top-hole repeater unit 58 to interface the network 50 with drilling control operations and with the rest of the world, a computer 64 in the rig control center to act as a server, and an uplink 66.
- the measurement tool 60 with sensors 62 is linked into the network 50 for communication along conductor pathways and along the wired drill string 52.
- a pipe section 54 of the wired drill string 52 includes conductors 70 that traverse the entire length of the pipe section.
- Communication elements 72 allow the transfer of power and/or data between the pipe section 54 and other pipe components 74 such as subs, couplers and other pipes.
- a data/power signal may be transmitted along the pipe from one end of the tool through the conductor(s) 70 to the other end across the communication elements 72.
- the bottom hole assembly 6 may include various instruments, tools, subs, and systems 10, 13, such as a down hole drill motor, a rotary steerable tool, a mud pulse telemetry system, measurement instruments, and other measurement while drilling (MWD) or logging while drilling (LWD) sensors and systems.
- a measurement tool 10 may include a borehole diameter detector or LWD caliper for measuring the diameter of the borehole recently drilled by the drill bit 7.
- the caliper tool 10 is capable of recording multiple borehole diameter measurements as the caliper is moved axially along the borehole 8, in what is known as a log.
- the caliper log can be used to show continuity or changes in the borehole diameter over a chosen length of the borehole 8.
- the borehole wall may become compromised and the borehole diameter enlarged.
- the borehole 8 reflects enlarged diameter portions 17, 18.
- the borehole 8 may be enlarged by mechanical interaction with the bottom hole assembly 6 or other portions of the drillstring 5, hydraulic damage from the bottom hole assembly 6, drilling or other circulating fluid that moves across and through the bottom hole assembly 6, insufficient drilling or other circulating fluid weight, excessive pressure or hydraulic horsepower per square inch (HSI) drop on the drill bit 7, excessive flow rate and/or viscosity of the drilling or circulating fluid, drillstring vibration, or a combination thereof.
- HSA hydraulic horsepower per square inch
- a tubular string 100 which may include the drillstring 5 or a casing string, is extended into the borehole 8 having an enlarged portion 110.
- the string 100 may include a primary portion 102 and a distal end portion 106.
- subs 104 may be disposed between portions 102, 106.
- a flow path extends through the tubular string 100.
- the difference between the primary borehole 8 diameter Di and the enlarged portion 110 diameter D 2 creates ledges or protrusions 112, 114 that interfere with proper running or tripping of the tubular string 100.
- an automated method can be used to precisely measure the amount of mechanical and/or hydraulic damage from the bit or other cutting devices, or circulating well fluids, on each meter or other identified interval of the borehole wall, enabling a diagnosis of the sections of the borehole in which borehole diameter enlargements are associated with drilling, circulating, reaming, and/or cleaning the borehole.
- a correlation between a borehole diameter enlargement and a tripping and/or running problem of a tubular string is determined.
- the cause or causes of the borehole diameter enlargement are determined.
- the borehole diameter enlargement problem is mitigated.
- Other methods disclosed below may include the aforementioned steps in a different order, and also may include additional steps.
- Embodiments of a method are described herein to obtain a correlation between borehole diameter enlargements and tripping and/or running problems for the tubular string.
- reference to tubular string includes drillstring, casing string, and other tubular strings affected by borehole enlargement. Further, embodiments of a method are described herein to determine the cause of the borehole diameter enlargement.
- the LWD caliper 10 of Figure 1 is operated in a standard manner to measure borehole diameter continually along its axial length, or along its depth. The measurements are recorded in a borehole diameter or caliper log, and the log is observed and analyzed. By analyzing multiple caliper logs of the same borehole interval or section, taken at different times, it can be observed how the borehole may enlarge with time. A first or "as- drilled" caliper log will generally reflect an in-gauge condition of the borehole section. A second caliper log can show borehole sections in which borehole enlargement is occurring. Further and subsequent caliper logs can show continued or extreme borehole diameter enlargements.
- a log of total bottom hole assembly (BHA, such as BHA 6 of Figure 1) revolutions versus measured depth is created, to isolate this particular drilling parameter in the context of measured depth and identifiable sections of the borehole.
- BHA total bottom hole assembly
- the borehole is divided into measured depth (MD) bins.
- MD measured depth bins.
- each MD bin can be defined as one meter of MD.
- the number of revolutions of the drill bit, such as the drill bit 7, executed over each MD bin along the borehole is measured.
- the measured drill bit revolutions are evaluated by numerically calculating
- Equation 1 drill bit rotational speed, in revolutions per minute.
- RM revolutions per meter
- a log of total flow rate versus depth is created.
- BPM flow rate, in barrels per minute).
- BM pumped barrels per meter
- Equations 1 and 2 Calculations from Equations 1 and 2 are performed and the resulting RM and BM curves are recorded from the beginning of the drilling operations up to the time the borehole diameter is measured with the caliper.
- the RM and BM curves each include a baseline period (from drilling revolutions and barrels pumped, respectively) which are functions of drilling rate of penetration (ROP), RPM, and BPM.
- ROP drilling rate of penetration
- RPM drilling rate of penetration
- BPM drilling rate of penetration
- the calculated RM and BM curves can be plotted and compared with the caliper log curves.
- a graph 200 includes a RM curve 202, a BM curve 204 and a caliper curve 206.
- increases in the RM and BM values match with an increase in the borehole diameter.
- a correlation is made between the RPM and BPM drilling parameters and the enlarged borehole diameter. In some embodiments, such a correlation indicates that the borehole diameter enlargement was caused by excessive reaming and/or circulating over the interval 208, such as during a cleaning portion of the drilling operation.
- a graph 300 includes a RM curve 302, a BM curve 304 and a caliper curve 306.
- a strong correlation is shown between the RM and BM curves 302, 304 and the caliper curve 306, particularly at interval 308.
- the correlation indicates that the borehole diameter enlargement was caused by the RPM and BPM drilling parameters.
- the correlation between the corresponding drilling parameters and the borehole diameter enlargement cannot be made with certainty. For example, if the RM and BM curves reflected increases in the RM and BM values, but the caliper curve showed no increase in the borehole diameter or an increase in the borehole diameter at a different depth from the RM and BM increases, then increases in the RPM and BPM cannot be said to be a cause of borehole diameter enlargement with certainty.
- the RM or BM curves may be plotted against the caliper curve and the same analysis performed as above.
- just one drilling parameter curve is used to compare and correlate to the caliper curve.
- the one or more drilling parameter used in the curve comparison may include various other drilling parameters.
- the drilling parameter may include the number of BHA stabilizers, drill bit and/or stabilizer side forces (wherein ton.revs are accumulated for each measured depth bin, similar to ton.milles used to account for drill line wear), mass flow rate, annular velocity, and others. Curves can be plotted, according to the principles taught herein, for one or more of the above drilling parameters in various combinations to compare and correlate to the caliper curve of the borehole diameter.
- certain corrective actions or adjustments may be taken in response to mitigate the borehole enlargement. For example, if a correlation between RPM and borehole enlargement is determined as described above, the enlargement can be mitigated by reducing RPM or increasing ROP to reduce the number of revolutions of the drill bit 7 for every depth bin. In other embodiments, if a correlation between BPM and borehole enlargement is determined as described above, the enlargement can be mitigated by reducing BPM or, again, increasing ROP to reduce the number of barrels pumped for every depth bin. As described, RPM and BPM may both be addressed if both of these drilling parameters are correlated to borehole enlargement. In still further embodiments, corrective actions or adjustments may also be made with respect to the other operation or drilling parameters listed in the preceding paragraph.
- additional indications or conditions may be gleaned or determined from the methods and processes described above.
- the RM and/or BM values such as those shown in Figures 5 and 6 are at a level where borehole enlargement might be expected, such as at elevated levels or levels comparable to sections with borehole enlargement, the lack of significant borehole enlargement may indicate that the corresponding borehole interval includes strong, competent rock.
- the methods and processes described herein can be used to identify possible problem zones when borehole diameter is not available. If the RM and/or BM curves such as those shown in Figures 5 and 6 are at elevated levels over a particular interval, but borehole diameter information is not known, borehole enlargement problems may still be expected if drilling is continued beyond that interval. Interference is possible when tripping over that interval as a result of possible borehole enlargement.
- the equations, calculations, and associated processes and methods as described above are implemented using a Microsoft Excel® spreadsheet. In other embodiments, they are implemented using field software such that the data and results are available in real time while the well is being drilled. In certain embodiments, the equations and calculations are embedded in InSite® software and the data, processes and methods as described herein are manipulated by same.
- the borehole diameter measurement data, and the drilling parameter data can be communicated to the surface of the well using telemetry or other standard communication methods through the well, or the network 50 of Figure 2.
- the surface equipment such as that shown in Figure 2 and including the computer 64, can be used to implement the software as described above.
- a method 400 of detecting and mitigating borehole diameter enlargement is illustrated with a flow chart.
- a borehole diameter curve of a drilled borehole is obtained.
- at least one drilling parameter curve of a drilling operation is obtained, at box 406.
- the borehole diameter curve is compared to the drilling parameter curve, at box 408.
- the drilling parameter is correlated with a borehole diameter enlargement based on the comparison, at box 410.
- the method may also include identifying a diameter enlargement of the borehole in response to comparing a first borehole diameter log and at least a second borehole diameter log, at box 412.
- the method may include determining a cause of the borehole diameter enlargement.
- the method may include reducing or mitigating the borehole diameter enlargement by adjusting the drilling parameter.
- a method 500 of detecting and mitigating borehole diameter enlargement is illustrated with a flow chart.
- a borehole is drilled.
- a borehole diameter log of the drilled borehole is obtained.
- the method includes creating a drilling parameter curve based on the drilling the borehole, at box 508.
- the method includes comparing the borehole diameter log and the drilling parameter curve, at box 510.
- the method includes correlating the drilling parameter to the borehole diameter based on the comparing, at box 512, and adjusting the drilling parameter based on the correlating, at box 514.
- the drilling parameter curve is a RM curve and/or a BM curve.
- the adjustment may include increasing ROP, decreasing RPM, decreasing the flow rate or BPM, or a combination thereof.
- a method 600 of detecting and mitigating borehole diameter enlargement is illustrated with a flow chart.
- the method includes calculating a drilling parameter curve using an equation.
- the method includes comparing the drilling parameter curve against a borehole diameter log, and then correlating the drilling parameter curve to the borehole diameter curve based on the comparing to determine whether the drilling parameter is the cause of a borehole diameter enlargement, at 608.
- a system for detecting and mitigating borehole diameter enlargement may include a drillstring having a bottom hole assembly, a LWD caliper, and a drill bit for drilling a borehole, as shown in Figure 1.
- the system may further include a computer including software for receiving borehole diameter data and drilling parameter data, the computer including an equation for calculating a drilling parameter curve, as shown in Figure 2 and described with respect to Figure 2 and elsewhere herein.
- the system includes that the software is configured to record a borehole diameter curve and calculate a drilling parameter curve using the equation, and to compare the borehole diameter curve and the drilling parameter curve and correlate the drilling parameter with a borehole diameter enlargement based on the comparison.
- the system is configured such that the drilling parameter is adjustable based on the correlation.
- Borehole diameter enlargement creates drilling and casing problems. Borehole enlargement can be caused by mechanical and/or hydraulic damage from the BHA and drilling mud across the BHA.
- Presented herein is an automated method to precisely measure the amount of mechanical and hydraulic damage from the bit on each meter of the borehole wall, enabling a diagnosis of the sections of the well in which the enlargements are associated with drilling, reaming, circulating, and/or cleaning.
- the methods and processes presented herein can be used to precisely measure the amount of mechanical and hydraulic damage from reaming, circulating, and slow drilling operations along the borehole, enabling the sections of the well to be determined in which the hole enlargement problem is associated with these operations. These analyses can be performed in real time and in post-run processes.
- certain remedial actions or adjustments may be executed based on the diagnoses of borehole enlargement. For example, drilling practices can be changed to adjust, or increase, ROP. Further, the revolutions or volume of fluid pumped per unit length of the borehole can be controlled to achieve good in- gauge condition of the borehole and also good cleaning. In one example, "fast" drilling, with an exemplary ROP of about 90m/h, may produce low RM and BM values. Further, in some embodiments, reaming and circulating may be reduced or eliminated. As a result, the borehole may remain relatively in-gauge, thereby making cleaning easier even without the original drilling parameters.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
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- Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA2802320A CA2802320C (en) | 2010-06-11 | 2011-06-11 | Detecting and mitigating borehole diameter enlargement |
BR112012031628A BR112012031628A2 (en) | 2010-06-11 | 2011-06-11 | method and system for detecting and mitigating borehole diameter widening |
GB1222416.8A GB2496063B (en) | 2010-06-11 | 2011-06-11 | Detecting and mitigating borehole diameter enlargement |
US13/711,328 US9133665B2 (en) | 2011-06-11 | 2012-12-11 | Detecting and mitigating borehole diameter enlargement |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US35407810P | 2010-06-11 | 2010-06-11 | |
US61/354,078 | 2010-06-11 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/711,328 Continuation US9133665B2 (en) | 2011-06-11 | 2012-12-11 | Detecting and mitigating borehole diameter enlargement |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2011156798A2 true WO2011156798A2 (en) | 2011-12-15 |
WO2011156798A3 WO2011156798A3 (en) | 2012-02-02 |
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ID=45098729
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/US2011/040111 WO2011156798A2 (en) | 2010-06-11 | 2011-06-11 | Detecting and mitigating borehole diameter enlargement |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
BR (1) | BR112012031628A2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2802320C (en) |
GB (1) | GB2496063B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2011156798A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN109322659A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-02-12 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of oil/gas well inner wall of the pipe cleaning measuring device |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4599904A (en) * | 1984-10-02 | 1986-07-15 | Nl Industries, Inc. | Method for determining borehole stress from MWD parameter and caliper measurements |
US4791619A (en) * | 1986-09-22 | 1988-12-13 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Method of detecting and characterizing features in a borehole |
US20050284659A1 (en) * | 2004-06-28 | 2005-12-29 | Hall David R | Closed-loop drilling system using a high-speed communications network |
US20090166031A1 (en) * | 2007-01-25 | 2009-07-02 | Intelliserv, Inc. | Monitoring downhole conditions with drill string distributed measurement system |
-
2011
- 2011-06-11 BR BR112012031628A patent/BR112012031628A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2011-06-11 CA CA2802320A patent/CA2802320C/en active Active
- 2011-06-11 WO PCT/US2011/040111 patent/WO2011156798A2/en active Application Filing
- 2011-06-11 GB GB1222416.8A patent/GB2496063B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4599904A (en) * | 1984-10-02 | 1986-07-15 | Nl Industries, Inc. | Method for determining borehole stress from MWD parameter and caliper measurements |
US4791619A (en) * | 1986-09-22 | 1988-12-13 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Method of detecting and characterizing features in a borehole |
US20050284659A1 (en) * | 2004-06-28 | 2005-12-29 | Hall David R | Closed-loop drilling system using a high-speed communications network |
US20090166031A1 (en) * | 2007-01-25 | 2009-07-02 | Intelliserv, Inc. | Monitoring downhole conditions with drill string distributed measurement system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2802320A1 (en) | 2011-12-15 |
WO2011156798A3 (en) | 2012-02-02 |
GB2496063A (en) | 2013-05-01 |
CA2802320C (en) | 2017-07-18 |
GB2496063B (en) | 2018-03-28 |
BR112012031628A2 (en) | 2016-11-08 |
GB201222416D0 (en) | 2013-01-23 |
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