WO2011155330A1 - 立体画像表示システム、視差変換装置、視差変換方法およびプログラム - Google Patents
立体画像表示システム、視差変換装置、視差変換方法およびプログラム Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T19/00—Manipulating 3D models or images for computer graphics
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/10—Processing, recording or transmission of stereoscopic or multi-view image signals
- H04N13/106—Processing image signals
- H04N13/128—Adjusting depth or disparity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N2013/0074—Stereoscopic image analysis
- H04N2013/0081—Depth or disparity estimation from stereoscopic image signals
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- the present invention relates to a stereoscopic image display system, and more particularly to a parallax conversion device that converts parallax in a stereoscopic image, a stereoscopic image display system, a processing method therefor, and a program that causes a computer to execute the method.
- a stereoscopic image display apparatus that displays the stereoscopic image so that the display position is within the depth of focus of the observer has been proposed (for example, see Patent Document 1).
- the depth distance of the display target is nonlinearly converted into the depth distance of the stereoscopic image display position.
- the display position of the stereoscopic image is adjusted to be within the depth of focus of the observer by nonlinearly converting the depth distance of the display target to the depth distance of the display position of the stereoscopic image.
- it is desired not only to directly adjust the depth distance itself but also to indirectly adjust the depth distance using various factors that affect the sense of depth.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to convert the parallax of a stereoscopic image in accordance with the characteristics of the constituent elements of the image that contribute to the sense of depth in the stereoscopic image.
- a first aspect of the present invention is a parallax that detects a parallax from a left image and a right image of an input image and holds the parallax for each pixel or pixel group.
- a parallax detection unit that generates a map; a correction characteristic setting unit that sets a correction characteristic when correcting parallax in the parallax map; and a correction parallax map that corrects parallax in the parallax map according to the set correction characteristic.
- a parallax conversion device including a parallax correction unit to be generated, and an image synthesis unit that synthesizes a left image and a right image of an output image from a left image and a right image of the input image according to the corrected parallax map, and processing procedures in these units
- a parallax conversion method provided, and a program for causing a computer to execute these procedures. This brings about the effect that the left image and the right image are synthesized based on the corrected parallax map that has been parallax-corrected according to the set correction characteristics.
- the first aspect may further include a region setting unit that sets at least two regions in the parallax map, and the correction characteristic setting unit sets the correction characteristic for each of the at least two regions, and
- the parallax correction unit may correct the parallax in the parallax map according to the correction characteristics according to the at least two regions in the parallax map. This brings about the effect of correcting the parallax according to the correction characteristic set for each region.
- the parallax correction unit corrects the parallax in the parallax map according to a weighted sum of the correction characteristics according to adjacent areas in a predetermined buffer area where the at least two areas are adjacent to each other. You may do it. This brings about the effect
- the correction characteristic setting unit sets the correction characteristic so as to suppress the depth toward the front side in an area corresponding to the left and right ends of the parallax map among the at least two areas. You may make it do. As a result, an unnatural pop-out at the left and right ends is avoided, and an uncomfortable feeling (contradiction of shielding) given to the observer is eliminated.
- the correction characteristic setting unit sets the correction characteristic for each of at least two components in the parallax map, and the parallax correction unit divides the parallax map for each component.
- a division unit, a component parallax correction unit that corrects the parallax in the parallax map for each component in accordance with the correction characteristic set for each component, and a parallax map corrected for each component to synthesize the corrected parallax map You may make it provide the component synthetic
- the component set in the correction characteristic setting unit may be a component corresponding to the frequency of the parallax in the parallax map.
- the correction characteristic set in the correction characteristic setting unit has an inclination of 1 in the vicinity where the parallax in the parallax map becomes zero, and the parallax in the parallax map increases.
- Nonlinear characteristics that converge to a predetermined value may be used. This brings about the effect of avoiding image distortion at a depth near the display surface.
- the correction characteristic set by the correction characteristic setting unit may be defined based on a sigmoid function.
- the image composition unit comprises a central monocular image composition unit that composes a central monocular image from the left image and the right image of the input image based on the parallax in the parallax map, and the corrected parallax map.
- a parallax / depth converter that converts a parallax into a depth to generate a corrected depth map, and a three-dimensional map that generates a corrected three-dimensional map by mapping the central monocular image in a three-dimensional space based on the corrected depth map
- a mapping unit and a stereoscopic image synthesis unit that synthesizes the right image and the left image of the output image by projecting the corrected three-dimensional map onto a display surface may be provided.
- the central monocular image is synthesized from the left image and the right image of the input image, and the parallax is corrected based on this.
- the image composition unit generates a three-dimensional map by mapping the left image and the right image of the input image in a three-dimensional space based on the parallax in the parallax map.
- a mapping unit a central monocular image synthesis unit that synthesizes a central monocular image by projecting the three-dimensional map onto the display surface for the virtual central eye, and generates a corrected depth map by converting the parallax of the corrected parallax map into a depth
- the first aspect further includes a parallax analysis unit that analyzes the parallax in the parallax map and generates a cumulative frequency distribution of the parallax, and the parallax correction unit has the cumulative frequency distribution and the correction characteristics as follows. Based on this, the parallax in the parallax map may be corrected. Thereby, the parallax histogram is flattened to bring about an effect of dynamically changing the sense of depth of the stereoscopic image.
- the second aspect of the present invention is to detect an input image supply unit that supplies an input image including a left image and a right image as a pair of stereoscopic images, and to detect parallax from the left image and the right image of the input image,
- a parallax detection unit that generates a parallax map that holds parallax for each pixel or pixel group, a correction characteristic setting unit that sets correction characteristics when correcting parallax in the parallax map, and the parallax according to the set correction characteristics
- a parallax correction unit that generates a corrected parallax map by correcting parallax in the map, an image synthesis unit that synthesizes the left image and right image of the output image from the left image and right image of the input image according to the corrected parallax map, and
- a stereoscopic image display system including an image display device that displays an output image.
- the parallax of a stereoscopic image can be converted according to the characteristics of the constituent elements of the image that contribute to the sense of depth in the stereoscopic image.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a stereoscopic image display system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- This stereoscopic image display system includes an image storage device 10, a parallax conversion device 100, a display control device 30, and an image display device 40.
- the image storage device 10 stores image data for stereoscopic display.
- the image data is a stereoscopic image that is a pair of a left image perceived by the human left eye and a right image perceived by the human right eye, and is a still image composed of a set of left and right images.
- it may be a moving image in which left and right images (frames) are arranged in time series.
- the image storage device 10 is an example of an input image supply unit described in the claims.
- the parallax conversion device 100 converts the parallax of the stereoscopic image in the image data stored in the image storage device 10. That is, both the input and output of the parallax conversion device 100 are stereoscopic images, and are converted so that the parallax grasped by both eyes is different.
- the display control device 30 controls the image display device 40 to display the image data output from the parallax conversion device 100.
- the image display device 40 is a stereoscopic display that displays image data as a stereoscopic image.
- the stereoscopic display method any method such as a method in which left and right images are alternately arranged for each scanning line or a method in which left and right images are displayed in a time division manner can be applied.
- the display control device 30 performs display control so as to correspond to the display method of the image display device 40.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the parallax conversion device 100 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the parallax conversion device 100 according to the first embodiment receives a stereoscopic image including the left image L and the right image R as an input image, converts the parallax, and includes the left image L ′ and the right image R ′.
- a stereoscopic image is output as an output image.
- the parallax conversion device 100 includes a parallax detection unit 110, a correction characteristic setting unit 130, a parallax correction unit 150, and an image synthesis unit 160.
- the parallax detection unit 110 detects parallax from the left image L and the right image R of the input image, and generates a parallax map dM.
- the parallax map dM holds the parallax for each pixel or pixel group of the input image.
- the input image may be based on either the left image L or the right image R.
- the parallax estimation technique is a known technique.
- a technique for estimating the parallax of the left and right images by performing matching on the foreground image obtained by removing the background image from the left and right images and generating a parallax map for example, And Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-114023.
- the parallax correction unit 150 corrects the parallax in the parallax map dM and generates a corrected parallax map dM ′.
- the correction characteristic setting unit 130 sets correction characteristics when the parallax correction unit 150 performs parallax correction.
- the allowable maximum parallax dmax and the allowable minimum parallax dmin are set as correction characteristics. Details of the parallax correction will be described later.
- the image synthesis unit 160 synthesizes the left image L and the right image R of the stereoscopic image based on the corrected parallax map dM ′, and outputs a stereoscopic image composed of the left image L ′ and the right image R ′ as an output image. is there.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of the parallax correction performed by the parallax correction unit 150 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the horizontal axis indicates the input parallax d
- the vertical axis indicates the corrected parallax d ′ after correction.
- a graph represented by a solid line shows the relationship between the input parallax d and the corrected parallax d ′.
- This graph has a sigmoid function shape as an example of a non-linear function, and as the input parallax d increases in the positive direction, the corrected parallax d ′ gradually approaches the allowable maximum parallax dmax, and the input parallax d decreases in the negative direction.
- the corrected parallax d ′ gradually approaches the allowable minimum parallax dmin. That is, this correction characteristic is a nonlinear characteristic that converges to a predetermined value as the parallax in the parallax map increases.
- the allowable maximum parallax dmax and the allowable minimum parallax dmin are determined by the display size (the size of the display surface), the viewing distance, and the visual function of the viewer (observer). In the embodiment of the present invention, correction characteristic setting is performed. Set by the unit 130.
- ⁇ (x) 1 / (1 + e ⁇ x)
- a function such as the following expression obtained by subtracting the constant value 0.5 from the function of the above expression and multiplying the whole by the scaling factor d may be used.
- ⁇ (x) d ⁇ (1 / (1 + e ⁇ x) ⁇ 0.5)
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a premise for correction characteristic setting by the correction characteristic setting unit 130 in the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the correction characteristic setting unit 130 needs to set the allowable maximum parallax dmax and the allowable minimum parallax dmin as correction characteristics. These allowable maximum parallax dmax and allowable minimum parallax dmin are set according to general visual characteristics. In the following, it is assumed that the allowable nearest position Dmin and the allowable farthest position Dmax are first obtained, and the allowable maximum parallax dmax and the allowable minimum parallax dmin are obtained based on these.
- an angle when the display surface at the viewing distance DD from both eyes is viewed vertically is ⁇
- an angle when the plane at the allowable closest position Dmin is viewed vertically is ⁇ .
- ⁇ 2 tan ⁇ 1 (e / (2 ⁇ DD))
- the angle ⁇ is expressed by the following equation.
- ⁇ 2 tan-1 (e / (2 ⁇ Dmin))
- the allowable farthest position Dmax is an infinite position.
- the parallax on the display surface at this time is equal to the binocular interval. It is said that the distance between both eyes is approximately 65 mm. Therefore, the allowable maximum parallax dmax can be set to about 65 mm.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of correction characteristic setting by the correction characteristic setting unit 130 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the parallax on the display surface at the viewing distance DD when viewing the plane at the allowable closest position Dmin from both eyes is the allowable minimum parallax dmin.
- the parallax on the display surface at the viewing distance DD when the plane at the allowable farthest position Dmax is viewed from both eyes becomes the allowable maximum parallax dmax.
- the allowable maximum parallax dmax may be set to about 65 mm as described above, but can be obtained from the above formula when an arbitrary position is set as the allowable farthest position Dmax.
- the correction characteristic may be set as appropriate according to the taste of the viewer.
- the user inputs necessary parameters, and in response to this, the correction characteristic setting unit 130 sets the correction characteristics.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating another example of the parallax correction performed by the parallax correction unit 150 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the horizontal axis indicates the input parallax d
- the vertical axis indicates the corrected parallax d ′ after correction, as in FIG.
- the region between the allowable maximum parallax dmax and the allowable minimum parallax dmin is divided into a plurality of ranges, and correction characteristics are set so that the parallax can be appropriately reproduced in each range. In this case, it is necessary to set the coordinates of the intersections connecting the ranges in the correction characteristic setting unit 130.
- examples of the sigmoid function as shown in FIG. 3 and the example of the line graph as shown in FIG. 6 are given as the correction characteristics set by the correction characteristic setting unit 130.
- a correction characteristic can be set.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of image composition by the image composition unit 160 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the pixel corresponding to L (i, j) is R (i + d, j).
- the pixel corresponding to L (i, j) is R ′ (i + d ′, j) because the position is shifted in the horizontal direction by the corrected parallax d ′. Since the left image is used as a reference here, the left image L of the input image and the left image L ′ of the output image match. Therefore, the left image L ′ and the right image R ′ of the output image synthesized by the image synthesis unit 160 are obtained by the following equations.
- the right image is synthesized based on the left image, but conversely, the left image may be synthesized based on the right image.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an operation example of the disparity conversion device 100 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the correction characteristic setting unit 130 sets a correction characteristic for parallax correction as an initial setting (step S910).
- the parallax detection unit 110 detects parallax from the left image L and the right image R of the input image, and generates a parallax map dM (step S920).
- the parallax correction unit 150 corrects the parallax of the parallax map dM based on the correction characteristics set in this way, and a corrected parallax map dM ′ is generated (step S940).
- the output image is synthesized from the input image by the image synthesis unit 160 (step S950). Then, the synthesized output image is displayed on the image display device 40 via the display control device 30 (step S990).
- the parallax correction unit 150 corrects the parallax of the input image according to the correction characteristic set by the correction characteristic setting unit 130, and the image synthesis unit uses the corrected parallax. 160 synthesizes the output image. Thereby, it is possible to suppress a feeling of excessive depth and present a stereoscopic video comfortable for the viewer.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the disparity conversion device 100 according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the parallax conversion device 100 according to the second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that it further includes an area setting unit 140.
- the region setting unit 140 sets a plurality of regions in the parallax map dM.
- FIG. 10 is an example of setting a plurality of areas by the area setting unit 140 according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the region # 2 corresponding to the left and right ends is set for the center region # 1 of the parallax map dM.
- the correction characteristic setting unit 130 sets correction characteristics for each area set by the area setting unit 140 separately. For example, as shown in FIG. 10B, the center area # 1 of the parallax map dM is corrected based on the sigmoid function in both positive and negative directions, and the area # 2 corresponding to the left and right ends is shown in FIG. As shown in c), correction is made so as not to jump out in the negative direction (front side). As a result, unnatural popping out at the left and right ends can be avoided, and discomfort (shielding contradiction) given to the observer can be resolved.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of weights when realizing a weighted sum of correction characteristics in the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the weight p1 (x) for the region # 1 and the weight p2 (x) for the region # 2 are shown.
- a buffer region is provided between the region # 1 and the region # 2, and in this buffer region, the weight p1 (x) or p2 (x) is set to decrease as the distance from the center of the original region increases.
- the region setting unit 140 sets a plurality of regions in the initial setting of step S910 in the processing procedure of the first embodiment described with reference to FIG. The difference is that the characteristic setting unit 130 sets the correction characteristic for each region. In other respects, the operation is the same as that of the first embodiment, and a detailed description thereof is omitted here.
- the region setting unit 140 sets a plurality of regions in the parallax map dM, thereby setting appropriate correction characteristics for each region, and in the vicinity of the image frame.
- the contradiction of shielding can be solved.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the disparity conversion device 100 according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- the disparity conversion device 100 according to the third embodiment is different from the first embodiment in the content of image composition in the image composition unit 260.
- the contents of the image composition unit 260 will be described.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the image composition unit 260 in the third embodiment of the present invention.
- the image composition unit 260 includes a parallax / depth conversion unit 261, a central monocular image composition unit 263, a 3D mapping unit 264, and a stereoscopic image composition unit 265.
- the parallax / depth conversion unit 261 converts the parallax included in the corrected parallax map dM ′ into a distance in the depth direction, and generates a corrected depth map DPM ′.
- the central monocular image synthesis unit 263 synthesizes the central monocular image C from the left image L and right image R of the input image and the parallax map dM.
- the central monocular image C is an image viewed from the central monocular virtually arranged between the left eye and the right eye.
- the central monocular image C is assumed to be arranged on the display surface at the viewing distance DD.
- the 3D mapping unit 264 maps the central monocular image C to the corrected 3D map 3DTM ′, which is a depth curved surface in a three-dimensional space, according to the corrected depth map DPM ′.
- the stereoscopic image synthesis unit 265 projects an image mapped to the corrected 3D map 3DTM ′ onto the display surface and synthesizes a stereoscopic image composed of the left image L ′ and the right image R ′.
- the 3D mapping unit 264 is an example of a three-dimensional mapping unit described in the claims.
- the parallax / depth conversion unit 261 determines the depth DP by applying the parallax included in the corrected parallax map dM ′ to the parallax d in the above equation.
- the obtained depth DP is supplied to the 3D mapping unit 264 as a corrected depth map DPM ′ that holds the depth corresponding to each pixel or pixel group of the image.
- the horizontal coordinates of the depth DP obtained by the above equation are non-uniformly distributed, the depth at the position corresponding to each pixel on the image is obtained using interpolation or the like and stored as a two-dimensional array. Also good.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating a processing example of the central monocular image composition unit 263 according to the third embodiment of the present invention. If the left image L (i, j) at the position (i, j) is used as a reference, the right image R of the input parallax d is R (i + d, j). Therefore, as shown in the figure, the center monocular image C is C (i + d / 2, j) at the intermediate position between the left image and the right image. That is, the center monocular image C is expressed by the following equation.
- the central monocular image composition unit 263 synthesizes the central monocular image C, which has an intermediate position between the left image L and the right image R in the horizontal direction and the same position as the left image L and the right image R in the vertical direction.
- the synthesized central monocular image C is supplied to the 3D mapping unit 264.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an outline of processing performed by the 3D mapping unit 264 and the stereoscopic image synthesis unit 265 according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- the 3D mapping unit 264 uses a corrected depth map DPM ′ in a pixel or a group of pixels when the central monocular image C is viewed from the virtual central eye assumed between the left eye and the right eye.
- the depth curved surface is mapped at a position where the displayed depth is further expected.
- This depth curved surface is a corrected 3D map 3DTM ′ and is specified in a three-dimensional space (x, y, z).
- the stereoscopic image composition unit 265 projects an image when the corrected 3D map 3DTM ′ is viewed from the left eye and the right eye onto the display surface as shown in FIG. Thereby, the left image L ′ and the right image R ′ of the output image are synthesized.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating details of processing by the 3D mapping unit 264 and the stereoscopic image synthesis unit 265 according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- a depth curved surface is located at a position where the depth indicated by the corrected depth map DPM ′ is further expected. Mapping is performed by the 3D mapping unit 264. Accordingly, the pixel at the horizontal position xC0 of the central monocular image C is mapped to the horizontal position xd0 in the corrected depth map DPM ′.
- the pixels mapped in the corrected depth map DPM ′ in this way are projected onto the right image by the stereoscopic image composition unit 265 at the intersection (horizontal direction position xR0) between the straight line viewed from the right eye and the right image.
- the image is projected onto the left image at the intersection of the straight line viewed from the left eye and the left image.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating an example of pixel selection on the depth curved surface by the 3D mapping unit 264 and the stereoscopic image synthesis unit 265 according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- the 3D mapping unit 264 scans the corrected depth map DPM ′ in the horizontal direction, and sets the horizontal pixel position at which the following expression is minimum as xd0.
- E (x) DPM ′ (x, y) ⁇ (( ⁇ DD / (e / 2 ⁇ xR0)) ⁇ x + (DD ⁇ e / 2) / (e / 2-xR0))
- the position closest to xR0 may be selected.
- a straight line passing through the position (e / 2, 0) and position (xd0, DP (xd0)) of the right eye is calculated, and the pixel value of the intersection where this straight line intersects the monocular central image C is the pixel at the position xR0 of the right image. Value.
- this intersection is located in the middle of adjacent pixels, calculation is performed by interpolation from both sides.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating another example of pixel selection on the depth curved surface by the 3D mapping unit 264 and the stereoscopic image synthesis unit 265 according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- the DP (x) between them is approximated by a quadratic curve from the position xmin that gives the minimum value of the above-described equation E (x) and the x (min-1) and x (min + 1) before and after the position xmin.
- the position and depth amount where the difference between the approximate curve and the straight line is minimized may be obtained.
- the central monocular image corresponding to the detected parallax is synthesized, and the parallax correction is reflected based on the central monocular image, thereby enabling the viewer.
- a comfortable stereoscopic image can be presented.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the disparity conversion device 100 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- the disparity conversion device 100 according to the fourth embodiment is different from the first embodiment in the content of image composition in the image composition unit 360.
- the contents of the image composition unit 360 will be described.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the image composition unit 360 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- the image composition unit 360 includes a parallax / depth conversion unit 361, a direct 3D mapping unit 362, a central monocular image composition unit 363, a 3D mapping unit 364, and a stereoscopic image composition unit 365.
- the image synthesizing unit 360 generates a 3D map by the direct 3D mapping unit 362, and the central monocular image synthesizing unit 363 synthesizes the central monocular image C from the 3D map.
- the direct 3D mapping unit 362 generates a 3D map 3DTM from the left and right images of the input image and the parallax map dM.
- the direct 3D mapping unit 362 is an example of the direct 3D mapping unit described in the claims.
- the 3D mapping unit 364 is an example of a three-dimensional mapping unit described in the claims.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram illustrating a processing example by the direct 3D mapping unit 362 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- the direct 3D mapping unit 362 displays on the 3D map the intersection of a straight line that looks at the left image L (x ′, y) from the left eye and a straight line that looks at the right image R (x ′ + d, y) from the right eye.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram illustrating a processing example by the central monocular image composition unit 363 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- the central monocular image synthesis unit 363 projects the virtual central eye assumed between the left eye and the right eye from each point of the 3D map 3DTM (x, y, z) that is a depth curved surface onto the display surface.
- the central monocular image C is synthesized. That is, the central monocular image composition unit 363 performs the reverse operation of the 3D mapping unit 264 described with reference to FIG.
- the viewer can view the viewer by directly synthesizing the central monocular image corresponding to the parallax from the input image and reflecting the parallax correction based on the central monocular image. 3D images that are comfortable for the user can be presented.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the disparity conversion device 100 according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- the disparity conversion device 100 according to the fifth embodiment further includes a disparity analysis unit 120 that generates a cumulative frequency distribution of parallax, and a parallax correction unit based on the cumulative frequency distribution The difference is that 450 performs parallax correction.
- the contents of the parallax analysis by the parallax analysis unit 120 and the parallax correction by the parallax correction unit 450 will be described.
- FIG. 25 is a diagram illustrating an example of parallax analysis performed by the parallax analysis unit 120 according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- the parallax analyzer 120 generates a histogram of the parallax d in the image of the parallax map dM, as shown in FIG.
- the horizontal axis represents the parallax d
- the vertical axis represents the frequency h (d) with respect to the parallax d.
- the parallax analysis unit 120 maximizes the parallax histogram by changing the input / output characteristics of the parallax correction unit 450 so as to flatten the parallax d histogram.
- the appearance frequency of the parallax is flattened so as to be the same, and as a result, the sense of depth of the stereoscopic image can be dynamically changed.
- the parallax d ′ after the flattening is expressed as multiplication of the parallax maximum value dmax after the flattening and the cumulative frequency distribution P (z) as in the following equation.
- d ′ dmax ⁇ P (z)
- the cumulative frequency distribution P (z) is normalized by the total number of data. Therefore, P (z) ⁇ 1.0.
- the cumulative frequency distribution P (z) is expressed by the following equation.
- P (z) (1 / N) ⁇ ⁇ h (d)
- FIG. 25B shows the parallax d ′ after flattening obtained in this way.
- the parallax d ′ after flattening based on the cumulative frequency distribution P (z) is supplied from the parallax analysis unit 120 to the parallax correction unit 450 in both a positive range and a negative range. Since the parallax d ′ after flattening is obtained by multiplying the cumulative frequency distribution P (z) by dmax as described above, it is treated as a cumulative frequency distribution in a broad sense in this specification.
- the parallax correction unit 450 performs parallax correction based on the cumulative frequency distribution supplied from the parallax analysis unit 120. That is, in the first embodiment, the parallax correction is performed using a non-linear function such as a sigmoid function. In the fifth embodiment, the parallax correction is performed using a curve of the cumulative frequency distribution. Thereby, it is possible to perform the parallax correction by dynamically changing the correction characteristic according to the parallax distribution of the image. Note that the gain is adjusted so as to approach the allowable maximum parallax dmax and the allowable minimum parallax dmin set by the correction characteristic setting unit 130 in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 26 is a diagram illustrating an operation example of the disparity conversion device 100 according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- the correction characteristic setting unit 130 sets a correction characteristic for parallax correction as an initial setting (step S910).
- the parallax detection unit 110 detects parallax from the left image L and the right image R of the input image, and generates a parallax map dM (step S920).
- the parallax d in the image of the parallax map dM is analyzed by the parallax analysis unit 120, and a cumulative frequency distribution is generated from the parallax histogram (step S930).
- the parallax correction unit 450 corrects the parallax of the parallax map dM based on the set correction characteristics and cumulative frequency distribution, and a corrected parallax map dM ′ is generated (step S940).
- the output image is synthesized from the input image by the image synthesis unit 160 (step S950). Then, the synthesized output image is displayed on the image display device 40 via the display control device 30 (step S990).
- the parallax correction unit 450 uses the cumulative frequency distribution obtained by analyzing the parallax in the image of the parallax map dM in the parallax analysis unit 120. Correct the parallax of the input image. Accordingly, it is possible to dynamically change the depth feeling of the stereoscopic image according to the parallax in the image.
- FIG. 27 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the disparity conversion device 100 according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- the parallax conversion device 100 according to the sixth embodiment sets correction characteristics according to the components in the correction characteristic setting unit 530, and the parallax correction is performed for each component in the parallax correction unit 550. Is different.
- the details of the parallax correction performed by the parallax correction unit 550 will be described.
- FIG. 28 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the parallax correction unit 550 according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- the parallax correction unit 550 includes a component dividing unit 551, a first component parallax correction unit 552, a second component parallax correction unit 553, and a component synthesis unit 554.
- the component dividing unit 551 divides the parallax in the image of the parallax map dM for each component. For example, a low frequency component is extracted as a global component of parallax, and a high frequency component is extracted as a detail component of parallax. Thereby, two images having different components are obtained.
- a component corresponding to the frequency component of parallax can be extracted by using a normal band dividing filter, an edge preserving filter, or the like.
- the first component parallax correction unit 552 and the second component parallax correction unit 553 perform parallax correction on corresponding components.
- correction is performed according to the correction characteristic set by the correction characteristic setting unit 530.
- the parallax compression as described in the first embodiment is performed for the global component, and the parallax correction is not performed for the detail component (or by the parallax correction that does not change before and after the correction). It is conceivable to store it as it is. Thereby, it is possible to keep the dynamic range of parallax within an allowable range while maintaining the detail of the depth change.
- the first component parallax correction unit 552 and the second component parallax correction unit 553 are examples of the component parallax correction unit described in the claims.
- the component synthesis unit 554 synthesizes the outputs of the first component parallax correction unit 552 and the second component parallax correction unit 553.
- This component synthesizing unit 554 can be realized by an adder, for example.
- the component dividing unit 551 divides into two components.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the component dividing unit 551 is divided into three or more components as necessary, and correction is performed according to each component. May be.
- the component dividing unit 551 divides the image into a plurality of images having different parallax components, and performs the parallax correction with different correction characteristics, so that each component is suitable.
- Parallax correction can be realized. For example, by suppressing the parallax correction for the detail component, the dynamic range of the parallax can be suppressed within an allowable range while maintaining the detail of the depth change.
- the embodiment of the present invention shows an example for embodying the present invention, and as clearly shown in the embodiment of the present invention, the matters in the embodiment of the present invention and the scope of claims There is a corresponding relationship with the invention-specific matters in. Similarly, the invention specific matter in the claims and the matter in the embodiment of the present invention having the same name as this have a corresponding relationship.
- the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and can be embodied by making various modifications to the embodiments without departing from the gist of the present invention.
- the processing procedure described in the embodiment of the present invention may be regarded as a method having a series of these procedures, and a program for causing a computer to execute the series of procedures or a recording medium storing the program May be taken as
- this recording medium for example, a CD (Compact Disc), an MD (MiniDisc), a DVD (Digital Versatile Disc), a memory card, a Blu-ray Disc (Blu-ray Disc), or the like can be used.
- DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Image storage apparatus 30 Display control apparatus 40 Image display apparatus 100 Parallax conversion apparatus 110 Parallax detection part 120 Parallax analysis part 130, 530 Correction characteristic setting part 140 Area setting part 150, 450, 550 Parallax correction part 160, 260, 360 Image composition Unit 261, 361 Parallax / depth conversion unit 362 Direct 3D mapping unit 263, 363 Central monocular image synthesis unit 264, 364 3D mapping unit 265, 365 Stereo image synthesis unit 551 Component division unit 552 First component parallax correction unit 553 Second component Parallax correction unit 554 Component synthesis unit
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Abstract
Description
1.第1の実施の形態(視差の大きさにより視差変換を行う例)
2.第2の実施の形態(領域毎に異なる補正特性により視差変換を行う例)
3.第3の実施の形態(中央単眼画像を利用する例)
4.第4の実施の形態(ダイレクト3次元マッピングを行う例)
5.第5の実施の形態(視差のヒストグラム平坦化を行う例)
6.第6の実施の形態(成分毎に異なる補正特性により視差変換を行う例)
[立体画像表示システム]
図1は、本発明の実施の形態における立体画像表示システムの構成例を示す図である。この立体画像表示システムは、画像記憶装置10と、視差変換装置100と、表示制御装置30と、画像表示装置40とを備える。
図2は、本発明の第1の実施の形態における視差変換装置100の構成例を示す図である。この第1の実施の形態における視差変換装置100は、左画像Lおよび右画像Rからなる立体画像を入力画像として受けて、その視差を変換して、左画像L'および右画像R'からなる立体画像を出力画像として出力するものである。この視差変換装置100は、視差検出部110と、補正特性設定部130と、視差補正部150と、画像合成部160とを備える。
図3は、本発明の第1の実施の形態における視差補正部150による視差補正の一例を示す図である。この図において、横軸が入力視差d、縦軸が補正後の補正視差d'を示している。視差が正方向に増加した場合には奥に引っ込んでいるような感覚が得られ、視差が負方向に低下した場合には手前に出っ張ったような感覚が得られる。
ζ(x)=1/(1+e-x)
また、上式の関数から定数値0.5を減じて、全体にスケーリングファクタdを乗じた、次式のような関数を用いてもよい。
ζ(x)=d×(1/(1+e-x)-0.5)
tan(α/2)=(1/DD)×(e/2)
α=2tan-1(e/(2・DD))
同様に、角度βは次式により表される。
β=2tan-1(e/(2・Dmin))
ここで、一般的視覚特性により
β-α≦60'
が成り立つため、許容最近位置Dminは次式により示される。
Dmin≧e/2tan((60+α)/2)
dmin=e(Dmin-DD)/Dmin
dmax=e(Dmax-DD)/Dmax
d"=d/(W/N)
図7は、本発明の第1の実施の形態における画像合成部160による画像合成の一例を示す図である。入力画像の左画像Lの座標(i,j)における画素をL(i,j)とする。このとき、入力画像の右画像Rでは入力視差dだけ水平方向にシフトした位置になるため、L(i,j)に対応する画素はR(i+d,j)となる。
L'(i,j)=L(i,j)
R'(i+d',j)=(d'・L(i,j)+|d-d'|・R(i+d,j))
/(|d-d'|+d')
図8は、本発明の第1の実施の形態における視差変換装置100の動作例を示す図である。まず、補正特性設定部130において、初期設定として視差補正の補正特性が設定される(ステップS910)。そして、視差検出部110において、入力画像の左画像Lおよび右画像Rから視差が検出され、視差マップdMが生成される(ステップS920)。このようにして設定された補正特性により、視差補正部150において視差マップdMの視差が補正され、補正視差マップdM'が生成される(ステップS940)。
[視差変換装置]
図9は、本発明の第2の実施の形態における視差変換装置100の構成例を示す図である。この第2の実施の形態における視差変換装置100は、第1の実施の形態と比べて、領域設定部140をさらに具備している点が異なっている。
p1(x)+p2(x)=1
そして、このように設定された重みp1(x)またはp2(x)を利用して、次式のように最終的な補正視差d'を得る。ただし、F1(d)は領域#1用の補正関数であり、F2(d)は領域#2用の補正関数である。
d'=p1(x)×F1(d)+p2(x)×F2(d)
本発明の第2の実施の形態の動作は、図8により説明した第1の実施の形態の処理手順のうち、ステップS910の初期設定において、領域設定部140が複数の領域を設定し、補正特性設定部130が領域毎に補正特性を設定する点が異なっている。これ以外の点では第1の実施の形態の動作と同様であるため、ここでは詳細な説明は省略する。
[視差変換装置]
図12は、本発明の第3の実施の形態における視差変換装置100の構成例を示す図である。この第3の実施の形態における視差変換装置100は、第1の実施の形態と比べて、画像合成部260における画像合成の内容が異なる。以下、この画像合成部260の内容について説明する。
図13は、本発明の第3の実施の形態における画像合成部260の構成例を示す図である。この画像合成部260は、視差/奥行き変換部261と、中央単眼画像合成部263と、3Dマッピング部264と、立体画像合成部265とを備えている。
図14は、本発明の第3の実施の形態における視差/奥行き変換部261の処理例を示す図である。同図のように、両眼の距離を両眼距離e、表示面までの距離を視距離DDとすると、次式により、表示面における視差dから奥行きDPが求められる。
DP=e・DD/(e-d)
図15は、本発明の第3の実施の形態における中央単眼画像合成部263の処理例を示す図である。位置(i,j)における左画像L(i,j)を基準とすると、入力視差dの右画像RはR(i+d,j)となる。そこで、同図のように、中央単眼画像Cは左画像と右画像の中間位置のC(i+d/2,j)とする。すなわち、中央単眼画像Cは次式により表される。
C(i+d/2,j)=(L(i,j)+R(i+d,j))/2
このように、中央単眼画像合成部263は、水平方向において左画像Lと右画像Rの中間位置とし、垂直方向は左画像Lおよび右画像Rと同じ位置とした中央単眼画像Cを合成する。この合成された中央単眼画像Cは3Dマッピング部264に供給される。
図16は、本発明の第3の実施の形態における3Dマッピング部264および立体画像合成部265による処理概要を示す図である。3Dマッピング部264は、図16(a)に示すように、左眼と右眼の間に想定された仮想中央眼から中央単眼画像Cを見た画素または画素群において、補正奥行きマップDPM'によって示される奥行きをさらに見込んだ位置に奥行き曲面をマッピングする。この奥行き曲面は補正3Dマップ3DTM'であり、3次元空間(x,y,z)において特定される。
z(x)=(-DD/(e/2-xR0))・x+
(DD・e/2)/(e/2-xR0)
E(x)=DPM'(x,y)-((-DD/(e/2-xR0))・x+
(DD×e/2)/(e/2-xR0))
上式が最小になる位置が複数ある場合には、xR0に最も近いものを選択するようにしてもよい。
本発明の第3の実施の形態の動作は、図8により説明した第1の実施の形態の処理手順のうち、ステップS950の画像合成において、中央単眼画像に基づいて視差補正を反映して合成を行う点が異なっている。これ以外の点では第1の実施の形態の動作と同様であるため、ここでは詳細な説明は省略する。
[視差変換装置]
図20は、本発明の第4の実施の形態における視差変換装置100の構成例を示す図である。この第4の実施の形態における視差変換装置100は、第1の実施の形態と比べて、画像合成部360における画像合成の内容が異なる。以下、この画像合成部360の内容について説明する。
図21は、本発明の第4の実施の形態における画像合成部360の構成例を示す図である。この画像合成部360は、視差/奥行き変換部361と、ダイレクト3Dマッピング部362と、中央単眼画像合成部363と、3Dマッピング部364と、立体画像合成部365とを備えている。この画像合成部360は、ダイレクト3Dマッピング部362によって3Dマップを生成して、中央単眼画像合成部363がこの3Dマップから中央単眼画像Cを合成する点以外において、上述の第3の実施の形態における画像合成部260と同様の構成を備える。ダイレクト3Dマッピング部362は、入力画像の左画像および右画像と視差マップdMとから3Dマップ3DTMを生成するものである。なお、ダイレクト3Dマッピング部362は、請求の範囲に記載のダイレクト3次元マッピング部の一例である。また、3Dマッピング部364は、請求の範囲に記載の3次元マッピング部の一例である。
3DTM(x,y,DP)=(L(x',y)+R(x'+d,y))/2
本発明の第4の実施の形態の動作は、図8により説明した第1の実施の形態の処理手順のうち、ステップS950の画像合成において、中央単眼画像に基づいて視差補正を反映して合成を行う点が異なっている。これ以外の点では第1の実施の形態の動作と同様であるため、ここでは詳細な説明は省略する。
[視差変換装置]
図24は、本発明の第5の実施の形態における視差変換装置100の構成例を示す図である。この第5の実施の形態における視差変換装置100は、第1の実施の形態と比べて、視差の累積度数分布を生成する視差解析部120をさらに備え、その累積度数分布に基づいて視差補正部450が視差補正を行う点が異なっている。以下、視差解析部120による視差解析および視差補正部450による視差補正の内容について説明する。
図25は、本発明の第5の実施の形態における視差解析部120による視差解析の例を示す図である。視差解析部120は、図25(a)に示すように、視差マップdMの画像内の視差dのヒストグラムを生成する。同図において、横軸は視差dであり、縦軸は視差dに対する頻度h(d)を示している。
d'=dmax×P(z)
ただし、累積度数分布P(z)は総データ数によって正規化されたものである。したがって、P(z)<1.0である。
P(z)=(1/N)×Σh(d)
ただし、総和Σは、d=0からzまでを定義域とする。すなわち、ここでは視差dが正の範囲のみに着目している。負の範囲については、別途同様の処理を行う必要がある。
図26は、本発明の第5の実施の形態における視差変換装置100の動作例を示す図である。まず、補正特性設定部130において、初期設定として視差補正の補正特性が設定される(ステップS910)。そして、視差検出部110において、入力画像の左画像Lおよび右画像Rから視差が検出され、視差マップdMが生成される(ステップS920)。また、視差マップdMの画像内の視差dが視差解析部120によって解析され、視差のヒストグラムから累積度数分布が生成される(ステップS930)。そして、設定された補正特性および累積度数分布により、視差補正部450において視差マップdMの視差が補正され、補正視差マップdM'が生成される(ステップS940)。
[視差変換装置]
図27は、本発明の第6の実施の形態における視差変換装置100の構成例を示す図である。この第6の実施の形態における視差変換装置100は、第1の実施の形態と比べて、補正特性設定部530において成分に応じた補正特性を設定し、視差補正部550において成分毎に視差補正を行う点が異なっている。以下、視差補正部550による視差補正の内容について説明する。
図28は、本発明の第6の実施の形態における視差補正部550の構成例を示す図である。この視差補正部550は、成分分割部551と、第1成分視差補正部552と、第2成分視差補正部553と、成分合成部554とを備えている。
30 表示制御装置
40 画像表示装置
100 視差変換装置
110 視差検出部
120 視差解析部
130、530 補正特性設定部
140 領域設定部
150、450、550 視差補正部
160、260、360 画像合成部
261、361 視差/奥行き変換部
362 ダイレクト3Dマッピング部
263、363 中央単眼画像合成部
264、364 3Dマッピング部
265、365 立体画像合成部
551 成分分割部
552 第1成分視差補正部
553 第2成分視差補正部
554 成分合成部
Claims (14)
- 入力画像の左画像および右画像から視差を検出して、画素または画素群毎の視差を保持する視差マップを生成する視差検出部と、
前記視差マップにおける視差を補正する際の補正特性を設定する補正特性設定部と、
前記設定された補正特性に従って前記視差マップにおける視差を補正して補正視差マップを生成する視差補正部と、
前記補正視差マップに従って前記入力画像の左画像および右画像から出力画像の左画像および右画像を合成する画像合成部と
を具備する視差変換装置。 - 前記視差マップにおいて少なくとも2つの領域を設定する領域設定部をさらに具備し、
前記補正特性設定部は、前記少なくとも2つの領域毎に前記補正特性を設定し、
前記視差補正部は、前記視差マップにおける前記少なくとも2つの領域に応じた前記補正特性に従って前記視差マップにおける視差を補正する
請求項1記載の視差変換装置。 - 前記視差補正部は、前記少なくとも2つの領域が隣接する所定の緩衝領域においては隣接する領域に応じた前記補正特性の加重和に従って前記視差マップにおける視差を補正する請求項2記載の視差変換装置。
- 前記補正特性設定部は、前記少なくとも2つの領域のうち前記視差マップにおける左右端に該当する領域においては手前側への奥行きを抑制するように前記補正特性を設定する請求項2記載の視差変換装置。
- 前記補正特性設定部は、前記視差マップにおける少なくとも2つの成分毎に前記補正特性を設定し、
前記視差補正部は、
前記視差マップを前記成分毎に分割する成分分割部と、
前記成分毎に設定された前記補正特性に従って前記視差マップにおける視差を成分毎に補正する成分視差補正部と、
前記成分毎に補正された視差マップを合成して前記補正視差マップを生成する成分合成部と
を備える
請求項1記載の視差変換装置。 - 前記補正特性設定部において設定される前記成分は、前記視差マップにおける視差の周波数に応じた成分である請求項5記載の視差変換装置。
- 前記補正特性設定部において設定される前記補正特性は、前記視差マップにおける視差がゼロとなる近傍においては傾きが1であり、前記視差マップにおける視差が大きくなるに従って所定の値に収束する非線形特性である請求項1記載の視差変換装置。
- 前記補正特性設定部において設定される前記補正特性は、シグモイド関数に基づいて定義される請求項7記載の視差変換装置。
- 前記画像合成部は、
前記視差マップにおける視差に基づいて前記入力画像の左画像および右画像から中央単眼画像を合成する中央単眼画像合成部と、
前記補正視差マップの視差から奥行きに変換して補正奥行きマップを生成する視差/奥行き変換部と、
前記補正奥行きマップに基づいて前記中央単眼画像を3次元空間にマッピングすることにより補正3次元マップを生成する3次元マッピング部と、
前記補正3次元マップを表示面に射影することによって前記出力画像の右画像および左画像を合成する立体画像合成部と
を備える
請求項1記載の視差変換装置。 - 前記画像合成部は、
前記視差マップにおける視差に基づいて前記入力画像の左画像および右画像を3次元空間にマッピングすることにより3次元マップを生成するダイレクト3次元マッピング部と、
前記3次元マップを仮想中央眼に対する表示面に射影することによって中央単眼画像を合成する中央単眼画像合成部と、
前記補正視差マップの視差から奥行きに変換して補正奥行きマップを生成する視差/奥行き変換部と、
前記補正奥行きマップに基づいて前記中央単眼画像を3次元空間にマッピングすることにより補正3次元マップを生成する3次元マッピング部と、
前記補正3次元マップを表示面に射影することによって前記出力画像の右画像および左画像を合成する立体画像合成部と
を備える
請求項1記載の視差変換装置。 - 前記視差マップにおける視差を解析して当該視差の累積度数分布を生成する視差解析部をさらに具備し、
前記視差補正部は、前記累積度数分布および前記補正特性に基づいて前記視差マップにおける視差を補正する
請求項1記載の視差変換装置。 - 左画像および右画像を立体画像の対として備える入力画像を供給する入力画像供給部と、
前記入力画像の左画像および右画像から視差を検出して、画素または画素群毎の視差を保持する視差マップを生成する視差検出部と、
前記視差マップにおける視差を補正する際の補正特性を設定する補正特性設定部と、
前記設定された補正特性に従って前記視差マップにおける視差を補正して補正視差マップを生成する視差補正部と、
前記補正視差マップに従って前記入力画像の左画像および右画像から出力画像の左画像および右画像を合成する画像合成部と、
前記出力画像を表示する画像表示装置と
を具備する立体画像表示システム。 - 画素または画素群毎の視差を保持する視差マップにおける視差を補正する際の補正特性を設定する補正特性設定手順と、
入力画像の左画像および右画像から視差を検出して、前記視差マップを生成する視差検出手順と、
前記視差マップにおける視差を補正する際の補正特性を設定する補正特性設定手順と、
前記設定された補正特性に従って前記視差マップにおける視差を補正して補正視差マップを生成する視差補正手順と、
前記補正視差マップに従って前記入力画像の左画像および右画像から出力画像の左画像および右画像を合成する画像合成手順と、
前記出力画像を表示装置に表示させる画像表示手順と
を具備する視差変換方法。 - 画素または画素群毎の視差を保持する視差マップにおける視差を補正する際の補正特性を設定する補正特性設定手順と、
入力画像の左画像および右画像から視差を検出して、前記視差マップを生成する視差検出手順と、
前記設定された補正特性に従って前記視差マップにおける視差を補正して補正視差マップを生成する視差補正手順と、
前記補正視差マップに従って前記入力画像の左画像および右画像から出力画像の左画像および右画像を合成する画像合成手順と、
前記出力画像を表示装置に表示させる画像表示手順と
をコンピュータに実行させるためのプログラム。
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