WO2011015753A1 - Systeme electrochrome transparent - Google Patents
Systeme electrochrome transparent Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011015753A1 WO2011015753A1 PCT/FR2010/051510 FR2010051510W WO2011015753A1 WO 2011015753 A1 WO2011015753 A1 WO 2011015753A1 FR 2010051510 W FR2010051510 W FR 2010051510W WO 2011015753 A1 WO2011015753 A1 WO 2011015753A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- additional electrode
- electrodes
- cells
- electrode
- outer walls
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
- G02F1/163—Operation of electrochromic cells, e.g. electrodeposition cells; Circuit arrangements therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
- G02F1/153—Constructional details
- G02F1/155—Electrodes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/133377—Cells with plural compartments or having plurality of liquid crystal microcells partitioned by walls, e.g. one microcell per pixel
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
- G02F1/1514—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect characterised by the electrochromic material, e.g. by the electrodeposited material
- G02F2001/15145—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect characterised by the electrochromic material, e.g. by the electrodeposited material the electrochromic layer comprises a mixture of anodic and cathodic compounds
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
- G02F1/153—Constructional details
- G02F1/155—Electrodes
- G02F2001/1557—Side by side arrangements of working and counter electrodes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a transparent electrochromic system, as well as to a method of using such a system.
- electrochromic system feed electrodes which incorporate substances which may be oxidized or reduced during operation of the system, electrodes which are intended to transfer electrons to those of electrodes, are referred to as electrodes. substances that are intended to be reduced, or to receive electrons from substances that are intended to be oxidized.
- an electric current flows in the supply electrodes.
- the electrical control of the electrochromic system can be directly this current.
- the electrical control may be an electrical voltage that is applied between the two power supply electrodes. In all cases, a reverse operation of the electrochromic system is obtained when the polarity of the feed electrodes is reversed.
- a transparent electrochromic system can be incorporated into a glazing unit, a lens ophthalmic lens, a mask glass or a helmet visor.
- a transparent system is understood to mean a system that allows a distinct vision through it, that is to say that allows an observer who is located on one side of the system to clearly see an object or a scene that is located remotely and on the other side of the system. In other words, the system does not cause diffusion or diffraction of the light transmitted through it, which is perceptible by the observer and blurs his vision, whatever the electrical state of the system.
- the transparent electrochromic system comprises:
- a network of internal walls which is disposed between the two outer walls and which defines all the cells, the inner walls extending perpendicularly to the outer walls;
- first and second electroactive substances which are distributed in the liquid and / or gel portions, with respective redox electrical potentials which are different, at least some of these electroactive substances having a variable optical effect between a shape oxidized and a reduced form thereof;
- each of these supply electrodes being in direct electrical contact with the liquid portions and / or of gel which are contained in at least some of the cells to transfer electrons to or from at least some electroactive substances, in an inverse manner between the first and second electroactive substances at the same time.
- the response time of the system may be too long for some applications.
- An object of the present invention is therefore to remedy at least one of these disadvantages.
- the invention provides a transparent electrochromic cell system as described above, wherein the supply electrodes are carried by one of the two outer walls of the system, and which further comprises at least one additional transparent electrode.
- This additional electrode has no direct electrical contact with the feed electrodes inside the electrochromic system. In addition, it is parallel to the feed electrodes inside at least some of the cells.
- the additional electrode can be used to set a value of the electric potential in the liquid and / or gel portions, outside the supply electrodes. It is then a reference electrode, which prevents the electrical potential, inside the cells, adopting locally absolute values that are too high and likely to alter the electroactive substances.
- the additional electrode is in contact with the liquid and / or gel portions, and is maintained at an electrical potential which is located within a range of electrochemical stability of the electrochromic system.
- the additional electrode can also be used to reduce the mutual neutralization of the electroactive substances that have reacted to the feed electrodes. For example, an electrical potential can be applied to the additional electrode, which keeps some of these substances away when their oxidized or reduced form that has been produced on one of the supply electrodes has an electrical charge. In this way, unnecessary power consumption can be suppressed. Similarly, the area in which electroactive substances mutually neutralize each other may be less visible.
- the additional electrode may also be used to attract one of the electroactive substances in its oxidized or reduced form, when electrically charged, to the feed electrode on which this substance is intended. to react. An adequate polarization of the additional electrode thus makes it possible to reduce the response time of the electrochromic system.
- the electrical potential that is applied thereto may be located inside or outside the range limited by the electrical potentials which are applied to the two electrodes respectively. power.
- the electrochromic system may then further comprise an electrically insulating film which is disposed between the additional electrode and the portion of liquid and / or gel contained in each cell. In this way, electrical contact between the liquid and / or gel portion and the additional electrode is suppressed.
- the additional electrode then drives no electrical current during system operation, and its role is limited to a capacitive effect within the system.
- Such an electrically insulating film is recommended when the electric potential that is applied to the additional electrode is located outside the range limited by the electrical potentials which are applied respectively to the two feed electrodes. It then avoids that some of the electroactive species are oxidized or reduced in contact with the additional electrode, or are degraded irreversibly on contact.
- the additional electrode introduced by the invention may be carried by the other of the two outer walls of the system than the one carrying the two feed electrodes.
- the additional electrode may be disposed between the two feed electrodes, in a direction parallel to the outer wall. It may also be arranged between the outer wall and the two supply electrodes, in a direction perpendicular to the outer wall, with an insulating film which is intermediate between the additional electrode and each of the supply electrodes. In this latter configuration, and if the additional electrode is not in contact with the portions of liquid and / or gel, its function is limited to the second or third use mentioned above.
- the system may further include another additional electrode which is carried by the other of the outer walls than the one carrying the first additional electrode.
- An electrochromic system may further comprise an electrical source assembly with three output terminals, of which two of these output terminals are electrically connected and respectively to the two supply electrodes to produce an electric current flowing in the system. .
- the third output terminal of the electrical source assembly is connected to the additional electrode.
- the source assembly is then adapted to variably control at least one electrical voltage that is present between one of the supply electrodes and the additional electrode.
- the power supply of the supply electrodes on the one hand, and an electric bias voltage which is applied between the two additional electrodes on the other hand can be provided by two sets respectively. independent electric sources.
- An electrochromic system according to the invention is particularly suitable for forming a window, an aircraft window, a glass of ophthalmic spectacles, a helmet visor, a mask glass, or a tablet which is intended to be applied to an ophthalmic lens. , a helmet visor or a mask glass.
- the invention also proposes a method of using a transparent electrochromic system according to the invention, according to which an electric voltage is applied between the additional electrode and at least one of the supply electrodes, so that the additional electrode has an electrical potential which is outside a range limited by the respective electrical potentials of the supply electrodes, all electrical potentials being measured with respect to a common reference terminal.
- FIG. 1 to 6 are cross sections of electrochromic systems according to the invention, according to various embodiments.
- An electrochromic system 100 comprises two outer walls 10 and 11, which are transparent and parallel to each other.
- the walls 10 and 11 may be made of glass or any organic material that is transparent for visible light.
- the walls 10 and 11 are flat, but it is understood that they can be alternately curved, concave or convex, depending on the particular application of each electrochromic system.
- they can have any size, in length and in width.
- one of the two outer walls 10 or 11 may be a lens ophthalmic lens, and the other outer wall may be a transparent film that is associated with this lens.
- the glass that forms one of the outer walls may be any transparent organic material that is used in the ophthalmic field, and the film may be polyethylene terephthalate, for example.
- the outer walls 10 and 11 are kept at a distance from each other, so as to define an internal volume V between them.
- the volume V is closed, for example by means of a sealed peripheral seal, not shown.
- the volume V may have a thickness e which is equal to 20 ⁇ m, for example, perpendicular to the outer walls 10 and 11.
- D denotes a light direction which passes through the electrochromic system 100 between two opposite sides thereof.
- the direction D may be substantially perpendicular to the walls 10 and 11.
- the system 100 is transparent to an observer who looks through the system in direction D.
- the electrodes 1 and 2 can be made of any electrically conductive material, which appears transparent when its thickness is very small, or is intrinsically transparent.
- the electrodes 1 and 2 may be tin-doped indium oxide (ITO for "indium-tin oxide” in English) or fluorine-doped tin oxide (SnO 2: F).
- the electrodes 1 and 2 are disposed on the face of the wall 10 which is internal to the system, so as to cover substantially all of this face without being in direct contact with each other.
- the electrodes 1 and 2 may have a nested comb pattern, so that these electrodes alternately appear in the figures in a sectional plane that is perpendicular to the teeth of the combs. Other patterns can be used equally.
- the electrodes 1 and 2 are separated by a band which is at least partially free of conductive material. The width of this band may be, for example, about 18 microns.
- the electrodes 1 and 2 are intended to be electrically connected to a variable electrical source referenced 20 or 21, depending on the embodiment considered.
- a variable electrical source referenced 20 or 21, depending on the embodiment considered.
- the person skilled in the art knows how to design and make the necessary electrical connections, so that a description of such connections is not repeated here.
- a fluid medium is enclosed in the volume V.
- This medium can be a liquid or a gel, depending on its composition. It contains the electroactive substances which are intended to be oxidized or reduced on the feed electrodes 1 and 2 during operation of the system 100. It may also contain other additives such as a solvent common to the electroactive substances, anti-UV agents, fluidifiers, etc.
- the electroactive substances that are contained in volume V can be, by way of illustrative example:
- N, N, N ', N' tetramethylphenylenediamine which has a value of about 0.2 V of oxidation-reduction potential with respect to a saturated calomel reference electrode. It is colorless in its reduced form and blue in its oxidized form;
- ethyl-viologen diperchlorate or N 1 N 'diethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium diperchlorate, which has a value of about -0.7 V of the oxidation-reduction potential with respect to the saturated calomel. It is colorless in its oxidized form and blue in its reduced form.
- the electrochromic system When the voltage is zero between the two feed electrodes 1 and 2, the first of these two substances is in its reduced form, and the second in its oxidized form, because of their respective values of the oxidation-reduction potential.
- the electrochromic system is then in a clear state, with a high value of the light transmission, for example greater than 70%.
- the voltage that is applied between the electrodes 1 and 2 is greater than about 0.9 V, the N, N, N ', N' tetramethyl-phenylenediamine is oxidized in contact with that of the electrodes 1 and 2 which is connected to the positive output terminal of the electrical source, and the ethyl viologen is reduced in contact with the other electrode connected to the negative terminal of the source.
- the electrochromic system 100 then becomes absorbent with a blue color, and its light transmission can then be less than 40%, for example, or even less than 10%, depending on the concentrations of the electroactive species in particular.
- These two substances can be introduced in volume V with a concentration of between 0.001 and 0.5 mol.l -1 (mole per liter), depending on the level of light absorption which is sought for the absorbent state of the system.
- concentrations of the two electroactive species mentioned above may be equal to 0.2 mol.l -1 .
- the volume V which is between the outer walls 10 and 11 is divided into separate cells, referenced 13.
- the medium in which the electroactive substances are distributed is itself also divided into portions, which are respectively contained in the cells 13.
- internal walls 12 are added to the electrochromic system, to separate the cells 13 from each other.
- the inner walls 12 are perpendicular to the outer walls 10 and 11, and form a network in parallel with the latter to define the cells 13.
- the composition and the embodiment of the walls 12 are assumed to be known to those skilled in the art and are not repeated here.
- the walls 12 may each have a thickness which is greater than 0.1 ⁇ m, preferably between 0.5 and 8 ⁇ m, and each cell 13 may have a size which is between 50 ⁇ m and 1.5 mm. for example, parallel to the outer walls 10 and 11.
- the cells 13 then form a tiling of the electrochromic system 100, parallel to the walls 10 and 11, the pattern may be any, regular, for example hexagonal, or random or pseudo-random.
- the network of the inner walls 12 may have two distinct configurations with respect to the feed electrodes.
- the portions of liquid and / or gel which are contained in at least some of the cells 13 are each in direct contact with the two feed electrodes 1 and 2 inside the corresponding cells.
- respective extensions of the two electrodes 1 and 2 may be common to cells 13 which are adjacent, with some of the inner walls 12 which are located on these extensions.
- Such walls 12 are narrower than the extensions of the electrodes 1 or 2 on which they are located, so that the electrodes 1 and 2 extend widely in the cells 13.
- Each cell 13 is then electrically powered by the two electrodes 1 and 2, and the portions of liquid and / or gel that are contained in the cells 13 can all have the same chemical composition. Under these conditions, the cells 13 can be filled collectively, from the same total amount of liquid and / or gel.
- each cell 13 forms an autonomous electrochromic subsystem, and all cells are electrically controlled in parallel to produce simultaneous light transmission variations.
- the portions of liquid and / or gel that are contained in at least some of the cells 13 are each in direct contact with only one of the two feed electrodes 1 or 2 to 1 inside the corresponding cells.
- a cell 13 whose portion of liquid and / or gel is in direct contact only with one of the two feed electrodes 1 or 2 is close to at least one other cell 13 whose portion of liquid and or gel is in direct electrical contact only with the other supply electrode.
- the system then further comprises an ion bridge 14 which connects these portions of liquid and / or gel neighboring cells.
- Such ion bridges can be constituted by the inner walls 12, if they are porous and contain ionic species, or be located between the ends of the inner walls 12 and one of the outer walls 10 or 11.
- each cell 13 forms a half-battery, which is electrically coupled with at least one other complementary and adjacent half-battery, when each is powered by an electrode separate.
- the cells 13 whose portion of liquid and / or gel is in contact with that of the electrodes 1 or 2 which is connected to the positive terminal may contain only those electroactive substances which have a positive value of the potential of redox.
- the cells 13 whose portion of liquid and / or gel is in contact with the electrode which is connected to the negative output terminal of the electrical source 20 may contain only the electroactive substances whose potential value of oxidation reduction is negative.
- the concentration of active species can be usefully increased within each cell, to obtain an amplitude of variation of light absorption which is higher.
- the cells of two types must be fulfilled differentially, from two different initial compositions. The values of the concentrations which have been mentioned above in the present description must then be considered as average values on the set of cells 13 of the entire electrochromic system 100.
- each cell 13 is powered by the two transparent electrodes 1 and 2, these being carried by the external wall 10.
- the electrochromic system 100 further comprises a additional electrode 3 which is carried by the wall 11.
- the additional electrode 3 may optionally be covered by an insulating film 4, which then provides electrical insulation between the electrode 3 and the liquid and / or gel portions contained in the cells 13.
- the additional electrode 3 and the insulating film 4 are transparent.
- the additional electrode 3 may be tin-doped indium oxide and the poly-paraxylylene-based film 4.
- the respective thicknesses of the electrode 3 and the film 4 may be respectively 0.3 ⁇ m (micrometer) and 1 ⁇ m, for example.
- the additional electrode 3 can have several configurations. It may in particular extend continuously between two cells 13 which are adjacent, in directions parallel to the outer walls 10 and 11. In this case, it may extend continuously towards a part at least of all the cells 13. In other words, the additional electrode 3 may have no opening so as to cover substantially the entire wall 11 of the system 100.
- the additional electrode 3 may have openings O which are respectively aligned with the central portions of at least some of the cells 13, in a direction perpendicular to the outer walls 10 and 11. In Figure 1, such openings O are shown only by the positions of their limits, to indicate their optional character. Such openings O make it possible to increase the light transmission of the system 100, partially eliminating a light absorption that could be caused by the additional electrode 3 at the location of the openings O.
- the system 100 can then be supplied with electric current by a variable electrical source 20 with three output terminals: two current output terminals which are respectively connected to the supply electrodes 1 and 2, and a reference terminal which is connected to the additional electrode 3.
- the electroactive substances are then oxidized and reduced simultaneously in contact with the feed electrodes 1 and 2 in a customary manner.
- the additional electrode 3 is in contact with the liquid and / or gel portions in the cells 13, that is to say in the absence of the insulating film 4, the additional electrode 3 makes it possible to set the potential In fact, it makes it possible to fix the electrical voltage that exists between at least one of the electrodes 1 or 2 on the one hand, and a part of the liquid and / or gel that is distant from the electrodes 1 and 2 inside each cell 13.
- the electric potential can be controlled at any time in all, or almost all the volume V. This ensures in particular that significant differences in electric potential do not appear at any time between different points of the volume V, which would irreversibly degrade some of the electroactive substances. Thus, the lifetime of the electrochromic system 100 is increased.
- the additional electrode 3 is commonly called the reference electrode.
- the electric potential of the additional electrode 3 must not exceed limit values, with respect to the respective electrical potentials of the two feed electrodes 1 and 2, to prevent some of the electroactive species from being irreversibly degraded in contact with the electrodes.
- the value of the electric potential of the additional electrode 3 is selected to ensure that the set of each portion of liquid and / or gel that is contained in one of the cells 13 remains at the same time. inside a domain of electrochemical stability of the system. This range of stability is generally wider than the range of values of the electric potential corresponding to the switching of the electrochromic system, so that the electric potential of the additional electrode 3 is not necessarily intermediate between those of the two electrodes. feed 1 and 2.
- An additional function of the additional electrode 3 may be to attract or repel certain electroactive substances which are charged electrically, after they have reacted on one or other of the feed electrodes.
- the oxidized and reduced electroactive substances are thus kept partly apart from each other. In this way, mutual neutralization of the electroactive substances in the absorbent state of the system can be diminished.
- a permanent coloration of the electrochromic system 100 can thus be obtained, which is more homogeneous, with a consumption of electric current which is reduced.
- a person skilled in the art will be able to adjust the electric potential of the additional electrode 3 to obtain this additional function, in particular as a function of the electric charges of the electroactive species that will be attracted or repelled at a given moment in the operation of the electrochromic system 100.
- This electric potential of the additional electrode 3 may be adjusted to a value which lies between the respective electrical potential values of the two supply electrodes 1 and 2, or which is situated outside the interval that is limited by these last two values. In the latter case, the insulating film 4 is necessary, again to avoid that some of the electroactive species can react or be irreversibly degraded in contact with the electrode 3.
- the electrochromic system of FIG. 3 corresponds to that of FIG. 1, for the configuration with a single supply electrode by cell 13.
- the operation and use of the additional electrode 3, as the reference electrode or Electrostatic attraction / repulsion electrode of some of the electroactive species are identical.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 correspond to that of FIG. 3, except that the additional electrode 3 is carried by the same of the external walls as the supply electrodes 1 and 2, that is to say the wall 10. If, as it is represented in these two figures, the additional electrode 3 is electrically insulated with respect to the portions of liquid and / or gel which are contained in the cells 13, the additional electrode 3 is limited to a function electrostatic attraction / repulsion of some of the electroactive species.
- the additional electrode 3 is arranged between the two supply electrodes 1 and 2, parallel to the outer wall 10.
- a continuous layer of an electrically conductive material may first be deposited on the entire relevant face of the outer wall 10. It is then etched selectively so as to isolate between them a first portion of this layer which is intended to form the feed electrode 1, a second portion of this layer which is intended to form the feed electrode 2, and a third portion which is intermediate between the portions of the electrodes 1 and 2 and intended to form the additional electrode 3.
- the electrode 3 can be located between the interlocking teeth of the combs of the electrodes 1 and 2, and has a linear shape in allers continuous return, that is, a meandering form.
- Intervals in which the layer has been etched electrically insulate the electrode 3 from the electrodes 1 and 2.
- the additional electrode 3 and the feed electrodes 1, 2 have constituent materials which are identical, and can be performed in a single step of depositing conductive material.
- the additional electrode 3 then extends continuously between two cells 13 which are adjacent, parallel to the wall 10. In addition, it is located between the inner wall 12 which separates these neighboring cells and the outer wall 10, in the direction D. To have a significant electrical effect in each cell 13, the additional electrode 3 may have overflows 31, 32 on each side of an inner wall 12 which separates adjacent cells 13, beyond this wall 12. The overflows have extensions greater than 2 microns, preferably greater than 3 microns, perpendicular to the inner wall 12.
- portions 5 of an electrically insulating and transparent material may be formed in the separation intervals between the additional electrode 3 and each of the electrodes 1 and 2. These portions 5, with a portion of the film 4 which is located on the electrode 3, ensure that no electrical contact is present between the additional electrode 3 and the portions of liquid and / or gel which are contained in the cells 13.
- Two alternative improvements of the embodiment of FIG. 4 are now described, to reduce the visibility of the separation between the electrode 3 and each of the electrodes 1 and 2. According to the first of these improvements, the portions 5 which are carried by the wall 10, the feed electrodes 1 and 2, and the additional electrode 3 have substantially the same common optical thickness in the direction D perpendicular to the outer walls.
- the possible portion of insulating film 4 which is located on the additional electrode 3 is counted with the latter in the optical thickness.
- the system 100 has substantially the same optical thickness in the direction D through the portions 5, the electrodes 1 and 2, and the electrode 3 with the optional film 4.
- Such an adjustment of the optical thickness of the portions 5 reduces the light that is scattered or diffracted by the inter-electrode gaps present on each side of the electrode 3.
- amounts of absorbent material may be carried by the wall 10, between the additional electrode 3 and each of the supply electrodes 1 and 2.
- Such amounts of absorbent material can also reduce the visibility of the separation intervals between the electrode 3 and the two electrodes 1 and 2, by reducing or suppressing the light that is transmitted through these intervals.
- the portions 5 may themselves be constituted by these amounts of absorbent material, or the absorbent material may be an ink which is diffused locally in the wall 10 to the right of the inter-electrode separation intervals.
- the additional electrode 3 is still carried by the wall 10, like the supply electrodes 1 and 2, but it is disposed between the wall 10 on the one hand and the electrodes 1 and 2 on the other hand, in the direction D.
- the film 4 is then located between the additional electrode 3 and each of the feed electrodes 1 and 2.
- the function of the electrode 3 when it is so disposed is still attract or repel some of the electroactive species, depending on their electrical charge and the state of operation of the electrochromic system at a given time.
- the portions 5 may be replaced by a single portion, again referenced 5, which extends continuously between the edges of the feed electrodes 1 and 2.
- an electrochromic system 100 may further comprise another additional electrode, which is carried by the other of the outer walls 10 and 11 than the one carrying the additional electrode 3.
- This other additional electrode is referenced 3a in Figures 2 and 6.
- the two additional electrodes 3 and 3a form a capacitor which contains the volume V.
- This capacitor creates an electrostatic field in the volume V, which can still attract or repel some of the electroactive species.
- Figures 2 and 6 correspond respectively to Figures 1 and 3 by adding the electrode 3a.
- the electrode 3a is carried by the wall 10.
- the system 100 further comprises another electrically insulating film 4a, which is disposed between said additional additional electrode 3a and the portion of liquid and / or gel contained in each of the cells 13.
- the system may then comprise an electrical source assembly 21 with two electrical current output terminals. These two current output terminals are respectively connected to the two feed electrodes 1 and 2. They supply the current which is necessary for the oxidation and the reduction of the electroactive substances responsible for the reversible coloration of the system 100.
- Electrical bias assembly 22 is added to the system 100.
- the assembly 22 has two voltage output terminals which are respectively connected to the additional electrodes 3 and 3a.
- the assembly 22 makes it possible to create an additional electric field in the volume V, to cause a migration of at least some electroactive substances which are electrically charged, towards the supply electrodes 1 and 2 or on the contrary towards the wall 11.
- adequate selection of the polarity of the electrodes 3 and 3a during a transition from the system 100 from the light state to the absorbing state, or the reverse of the absorbing state to the light state, as well as an adequate selection of the bias voltage which is delivered by the assembly 22 makes it possible to accelerate this transition.
- the response time of the system 100 can thus be reduced.
- the film insulator 4 which covers the electrode 3 is still necessary if the electric potential of this electrode is situated at a time of operation of the electrochromic system outside the range limited by the respective values of the electric potentials of the supply electrodes 1 and 2.
- some of the electroactive substances that have been oxidized or reduced on the feed electrodes 1 and 2 can, when charged, be held separately in the vicinity of these feed electrodes, by the electric field that is produced by the additional electrodes 3 and 3a.
- an electric voltage can be applied between one of the additional electrodes 3 or 3a on the one hand, and at least one of the supply electrodes 1 and 2 on the other hand, so that the electrode 3 or 3a concerned has an electric potential which is outside a range limited by the respective electrical potentials of the feed electrodes 1 and 2. At least one of the electroactive substances is then electrostatically attracted to this electrode 3 or 3a.
- the ion bridge 14 can be made through the inner walls 12, or through a passage located at the ends of these walls 12 which are located on the side of that of the outer walls 10, 11 which carries the feed electrodes 1 and 2.
- the inner walls 12 extend to this film 4 to close in the same way the cells 13 on the side of the outer wall 11, for the electroactive substances.
- concentration values and / or the dimensions of the elements of the electrochromic system can be modified for each application that is considered.
- Additional ionic substances may also be added to the composition of the liquid and / or gel, in particular to increase its ionic conduction.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (11)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2012522211A JP5856563B2 (ja) | 2009-07-28 | 2010-07-19 | 透明エレクトロクロミックシステム |
CA2769194A CA2769194C (fr) | 2009-07-28 | 2010-07-19 | Systeme electrochrome transparent |
AU2010280630A AU2010280630B2 (en) | 2009-07-28 | 2010-07-19 | Transparent electrochromic system |
BR112012001975A BR112012001975B1 (pt) | 2009-07-28 | 2010-07-19 | sistema eletrocrômico transparente e processo de utilização do mesmo |
KR1020127004929A KR101763246B1 (ko) | 2009-07-28 | 2010-07-19 | 투명 전기변색 시스템 |
CN201080044382.8A CN102576177B (zh) | 2009-07-28 | 2010-07-19 | 透明电致变色系统 |
NZ597805A NZ597805A (en) | 2009-07-28 | 2010-07-19 | Transparent electrochromic system |
EA201200194A EA020357B1 (ru) | 2009-07-28 | 2010-07-19 | Прозрачная электрохромная система |
US13/386,878 US8736944B2 (en) | 2009-07-28 | 2010-07-19 | Transparent electrochromic system |
EP10754356.3A EP2460050B1 (fr) | 2009-07-28 | 2010-07-19 | Systeme electrochrome transparent |
IL217706A IL217706A (en) | 2009-07-28 | 2012-01-24 | Transparent electrochromic system |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0955265A FR2948778B1 (fr) | 2009-07-28 | 2009-07-28 | Systeme electrochrome transparent |
FR0955265 | 2009-07-28 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2011015753A1 true WO2011015753A1 (fr) | 2011-02-10 |
Family
ID=41725579
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2010/051510 WO2011015753A1 (fr) | 2009-07-28 | 2010-07-19 | Systeme electrochrome transparent |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8736944B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2460050B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP5856563B2 (fr) |
KR (1) | KR101763246B1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN102576177B (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2010280630B2 (fr) |
BR (1) | BR112012001975B1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2769194C (fr) |
EA (1) | EA020357B1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2948778B1 (fr) |
IL (1) | IL217706A (fr) |
NZ (1) | NZ597805A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2011015753A1 (fr) |
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FR2950710B1 (fr) | 2009-09-28 | 2012-03-16 | Essilor Int | Systemes electrochromes transparents a plusieurs electrodes de polarisation |
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2009
- 2009-07-28 FR FR0955265A patent/FR2948778B1/fr active Active
-
2010
- 2010-07-19 US US13/386,878 patent/US8736944B2/en active Active
- 2010-07-19 CA CA2769194A patent/CA2769194C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-07-19 EP EP10754356.3A patent/EP2460050B1/fr active Active
- 2010-07-19 BR BR112012001975A patent/BR112012001975B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2010-07-19 EA EA201200194A patent/EA020357B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2010-07-19 CN CN201080044382.8A patent/CN102576177B/zh active Active
- 2010-07-19 WO PCT/FR2010/051510 patent/WO2011015753A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2010-07-19 JP JP2012522211A patent/JP5856563B2/ja active Active
- 2010-07-19 AU AU2010280630A patent/AU2010280630B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2010-07-19 KR KR1020127004929A patent/KR101763246B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2010-07-19 NZ NZ597805A patent/NZ597805A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2012
- 2012-01-24 IL IL217706A patent/IL217706A/en active IP Right Grant
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EP3521868A1 (fr) | 2018-01-31 | 2019-08-07 | Essilor International | Dispositif optique à changement de phase |
WO2019149694A1 (fr) | 2018-01-31 | 2019-08-08 | Essilor International | Dispositif optique à changement de phase |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR112012001975A8 (pt) | 2018-08-14 |
CN102576177B (zh) | 2015-10-21 |
EP2460050B1 (fr) | 2017-09-06 |
IL217706A0 (en) | 2012-03-29 |
IL217706A (en) | 2016-02-29 |
NZ597805A (en) | 2014-02-28 |
AU2010280630B2 (en) | 2014-11-13 |
EP2460050A1 (fr) | 2012-06-06 |
FR2948778A1 (fr) | 2011-02-04 |
US8736944B2 (en) | 2014-05-27 |
CN102576177A (zh) | 2012-07-11 |
BR112012001975A2 (pt) | 2018-06-19 |
KR20120040722A (ko) | 2012-04-27 |
KR101763246B1 (ko) | 2017-07-31 |
US20120120477A1 (en) | 2012-05-17 |
AU2010280630A1 (en) | 2012-02-16 |
EA020357B1 (ru) | 2014-10-30 |
JP2013500504A (ja) | 2013-01-07 |
FR2948778B1 (fr) | 2011-08-12 |
BR112012001975B1 (pt) | 2019-10-22 |
JP5856563B2 (ja) | 2016-02-10 |
CA2769194A1 (fr) | 2011-02-10 |
EA201200194A1 (ru) | 2012-09-28 |
CA2769194C (fr) | 2017-11-14 |
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