WO2011074048A1 - ガスタービンコンバインドサイクル発電設備および方法 - Google Patents
ガスタービンコンバインドサイクル発電設備および方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011074048A1 WO2011074048A1 PCT/JP2009/007029 JP2009007029W WO2011074048A1 WO 2011074048 A1 WO2011074048 A1 WO 2011074048A1 JP 2009007029 W JP2009007029 W JP 2009007029W WO 2011074048 A1 WO2011074048 A1 WO 2011074048A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- pressure steam
- gas turbine
- combined cycle
- turbine combined
- low
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 116
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 37
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
- F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
- F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
- B01D3/10—Vacuum distillation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G7/00—Distillation of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G7/06—Vacuum distillation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K17/00—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant
- F01K17/06—Returning energy of steam, in exchanged form, to process, e.g. use of exhaust steam for drying solid fuel or plant
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
- F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
- F01K23/064—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle in combination with an industrial process, e.g. chemical, metallurgical
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/16—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
- F02C6/18—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use using the waste heat of gas-turbine plants outside the plants themselves, e.g. gas-turbine power heat plants
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/22—Fuel supply systems
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power generation including fuel processing in a gas turbine combined cycle power generation facility in which a gas turbine fuel production facility for separating crude oil into a light oil component and a heavy oil component and using the light oil component as a gas turbine fuel is installed. Providing power generation technology that improves the power generation efficiency of the entire plant.
- Patent Document 1 Conventionally, a gas turbine combined cycle disclosed in Patent Document 1 is known as a technique applied to this type of combined cycle.
- the gas turbine combined cycle shown in this patent publication 1 drives a gas turbine with combustion gas obtained by burning high-pressure air and fuel, and drives a steam turbine with steam generated by exhaust gas discharged from the gas turbine.
- power generation or the like is performed using the outputs of the gas turbine and the steam turbine.
- Patent Document 2 As a gas turbine fuel manufacturing facility for supplying light oil fuel to the gas turbine of the previous gas turbine combined cycle, a technique disclosed in Patent Document 2 has been proposed.
- the fuel supply system disclosed in Patent Document 2 heats crude oil or heavy oil with steam obtained from a boiler of a gas turbine combined cycle, and then distills the crude oil or heavy oil under reduced pressure, and uses the obtained light oil as a gas turbine.
- the heavy oil is used as boiler fuel.
- reference numeral 1 denotes a heater for heating crude oil or heavy oil entering the vacuum distillation tower 2 via the supply line L ⁇ b> 1 by medium pressure steam
- 3 denotes gas in the vacuum distillation tower 2 by high-speed steam flow.
- It is a steam ejector that sucks and sends it to the separation tank 4.
- the liquid component at the bottom separated by the separation tank 4 is partly sent to the storage tank 5 by the pump 7 and partly recycled to the upper part of the vacuum distillation column 2.
- the gas component separated in the separation tank 4 is taken out from the upper part.
- a heat exchanger 6 is provided between the vacuum distillation column 2 and the steam ejector 3 to heat crude oil or heavy oil with medium pressure steam.
- the heavy oil content at the bottom of the vacuum distillation column 2 is sent by the pump 8 to the heavy oil content storage tank 10 via the heat exchanger 9.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and the consumption of intermediate pressure steam is reduced as compared with the one-stage heating method using intermediate pressure steam, and the gas turbine combined cycle and the gas turbine fuel production facility are provided.
- a gas turbine combined cycle power generation facility that can improve the overall efficiency of the system.
- the present invention is a gas turbine combined cycle power generation facility that generates power using crude oil or heavy oil as a fuel for a gas turbine, and using exhaust gas from the gas turbine as at least a part of a heat source of a steam turbine.
- the distillation column has a distillation column for distilling light oil from the crude oil or heavy oil, and the distillation column is heated to heat the crude oil or heavy oil with low-pressure steam and medium-pressure steam generated in a gas turbine combined cycle.
- a vessel is provided.
- the present invention also relates to a gas turbine combined cycle power generation method in which crude oil or heavy oil is used as a fuel for a gas turbine, and exhaust gas from the gas turbine is used as at least a part of a heat source of the steam turbine.
- the crude oil or heavy oils are heated by the low-pressure steam and medium-pressure steam generated in the gas turbine combined cycle.
- each heater into which the low-pressure steam and medium-pressure steam are introduced is provided in a different part of the distillation column.
- each heater into which low pressure steam and medium pressure steam are introduced is provided in a different part of a distillation tower, these heaters are used properly according to a use.
- crude oil or heavy oil (distillation material) supplied to the distillation tower can be heated by a heater to which low-pressure steam is introduced, and the heater of the intermediate-pressure steam is used to heat the distillation tower.
- the middle distillate (distilled material) extracted from the intermediate stage can be heated.
- the heater into which the low-pressure steam is introduced or the heater into which the intermediate-pressure steam is introduced is provided in the middle of a supply path for supplying the crude oil or heavy oil to the distillation tower, The crude oil or heavy oil is heated.
- the crude oil or heavy oil to be supplied to the distillation tower is preheated by a heater to which low-pressure steam is introduced or a heater to which intermediate-pressure steam is introduced.
- the crude oil or heavy oil is efficiently distilled in the tower, and the distillation efficiency in the distillation tower can be improved.
- the heater into which the intermediate pressure steam is introduced is provided in a circulation path for heating the middle distillate extracted from the intermediate stage of the distillation column and returning it to the column.
- the distillation efficiency in this distillation tower is improved by heating the middle fraction extracted from the intermediate
- the middle distillate extraction pipe is heated by the heater to which the intermediate pressure steam is introduced, and the fuel supply line is heated by the heater to which the low pressure steam is introduced, so that the middle distillate is heated.
- the minute extraction pipe is provided below the fuel supply line.
- transduced is lower than the fuel supply line heated by the heater in which low pressure steam is introduce
- the low-pressure steam and medium-pressure steam are extracted from the multistage exhaust heat recovery unit of the gas turbine of the gas turbine combined cycle.
- the low-pressure steam and the intermediate-pressure steam are extracted from the multistage exhaust heat recovery unit of the gas turbine of the gas turbine combined cycle, and thereby the low-pressure steam and the intermediate-pressure steam are extracted. Can be used effectively.
- the low-pressure steam and medium-pressure steam are extracted from the middle of the steam turbine of the gas turbine combined cycle.
- the low-pressure steam and the intermediate-pressure steam are extracted from the middle of the steam turbine of the gas turbine combined cycle, thereby effectively using the low-pressure steam together with the intermediate-pressure steam. Can do.
- gas turbine fuel is converted from crude oil or heavy oil in a distillation tower as compared with a one-stage heating method using medium-pressure steam.
- the consumption of the medium pressure steam used to generate the steam is reduced, and the utilization rate of the medium pressure steam used for driving the steam turbine in the gas turbine combined cycle is increased.
- the overall efficiency of the gas turbine combined cycle and the gas turbine fuel production facility can be increased.
- FIG. 1 is a system diagram showing a gas turbine combined cycle 100 on the power generation side of the gas turbine combined cycle power generation facility of the present invention.
- the gas turbine combined cycle 100 includes a generator 1, a low-pressure compressor 2, a high-pressure compressor 3, a combustor 4, a gas turbine 5, a rotor cooling cooler 6, cooling towers 7 and 9, and an intermediate cooler 8.
- Turbine section 10 high-pressure steam generator 11, medium-pressure steam generator 12, low-pressure steam generator 13, high-pressure steam pipe 14, medium-pressure steam pipe 15, low-pressure steam pipe 16, generator 17, high-pressure steam turbine 18,
- the multi-stage exhaust heat recovery unit 23 includes a pressure steam turbine 19, a low-pressure steam turbine 20, a reheater 21, and a condenser 22.
- a high-pressure compressor 3, a low-pressure compressor 2, and a generator 1 are coaxially connected to the gas turbine 5 of the gas turbine section 10, and as will be described later, these are driven by a gas turbine 5 driven by combustion gas. Is operated to change the outside air to a predetermined high-pressure air and to generate power. First, the outside air A is sucked from the intake port of the low-pressure compressor 2 driven by the gas turbine 5, is compressed by adiabatic compression, and high-temperature compressed air whose pressure is increased to a predetermined pressure is discharged from the discharge port.
- the high-pressure air pressurized by the high-pressure compressor 3 is discharged to the combustor 4 and mixed with the fuel F introduced into the combustor 4 and burned to become high-temperature and high-pressure combustion gas, as described above. Then, the gas turbine 5 is driven. Furthermore, a part of the high-pressure air discharged from the high-pressure compressor 3 or the high-pressure air extracted from the middle stage of the high-pressure compressor 3 is cooled by the rotor cooling cooler 6 and passes through the rotor of the gas turbine 5. Thus, it is supplied to the inside of the moving blade or stationary blade of the gas turbine 5 exposed to the high-temperature combustion gas, and these are cooled from the inside. Further, the exhaust gas having a high temperature that drives the gas turbine 5 and is discharged from the gas turbine 5 is discharged from the chimney 24 to the outside air through the multistage exhaust heat recovery unit 23.
- the exhaust gas from the gas turbine 5 is included in the exhaust gas by sequentially passing through the high-pressure steam generator 11, the intermediate-pressure steam generator 12, and the low-pressure steam generator 13.
- High-pressure, medium-pressure, and low-pressure steam are generated, respectively, and the high-pressure steam pipe 14, the medium-pressure steam pipe 15, and the low-pressure steam pipe 16 are connected to the high-pressure steam, the high-pressure steam, and the low-pressure steam, respectively.
- the steam turbine 18, the medium pressure steam turbine 19, and the low pressure turbine 20 are sent to expand in these turbines to rotate the steam turbine, and the output of the generator 17 that is coaxially connected to these steam turbines Drives and generates electrical energy.
- the exhaust that has driven the high pressure steam turbine 18 and the intermediate pressure steam generated by the intermediate pressure steam generator 12 and supplied through the intermediate pressure steam pipe 15 are mixed, and then the reheater. 21 is heated to raise the inlet temperature of the intermediate pressure steam turbine 19 and increase the output of the intermediate pressure steam turbine 19.
- the low pressure steam turbine 20 is mixed with the exhaust that has driven the intermediate pressure steam turbine 19 and the low pressure steam generated by the low pressure steam generator 13 and supplied through the low pressure steam pipe 16. To supply.
- the exhaust discharged from the low-pressure steam turbine 20 by the condenser 22 is condensed into condensed water, and the high-pressure steam generator 11, the intermediate-pressure steam generator 12, and the low-pressure steam generator 13. To supply to each of the.
- the intermediate pressure steam pipe 15 that supplies the intermediate pressure steam from the intermediate pressure steam generator 12 to the intermediate pressure steam turbine 19 is provided. Is connected to a medium pressure steam bleed pipe 30, and a low pressure steam bleed pipe 31 is connected in the middle of the low pressure steam pipe 16 for supplying the low pressure steam from the low pressure steam generator 13 to the low pressure steam turbine 20. .
- the intermediate pressure steam extraction pipe 30 and the low pressure steam extraction pipe 31 are connected to a gas turbine fuel production facility 50 (see FIG. 2) for supplying light oil fuel to the combustor 4 of the gas turbine combined cycle 100. Is done.
- the gas turbine fuel production facility 50 includes a vacuum distillation column 51, a steam ejector 52, a separator 53, a light oil storage tank 54, and a heavy oil storage tank 55 as main components.
- the vacuum distillation tower 51 is an apparatus for distilling crude oil or heavy oil under reduced pressure, and a fuel supply line 56 for supplying crude oil or heavy oil is connected to an upper position from the middle of the tower section.
- a fuel supply line 56 for supplying crude oil or heavy oil is connected to an upper position from the middle of the tower section.
- two heat exchangers 57 and 58 and a low-pressure steam heater 60 for heating crude oil or heavy oil are provided in the middle of the line 56.
- the low-pressure steam heater 60 is supplied with low-pressure steam having a pressure of about 0.47 MPa and a temperature of about 210 ° C. through the low-pressure steam extraction pipe 31 from the gas turbine combined cycle 100.
- the crude oil or heavy oil is heated by exchanging heat with the crude oil or heavy oil supplied through the fuel supply line 56.
- the vacuum distillation column 51 is generally provided with a multi-stage tray, and a light oil extraction tube 51A is connected to the upper end portion thereof, and a heavy oil extraction tube 51B is connected to the lower end portion thereof.
- the steam ejector 52 has a structure in which low-pressure steam is supplied through the low-pressure steam extraction pipe 31 from the gas turbine combined cycle 100, and the inside of the vacuum distillation column 51 through the light oil extraction pipe 51A using this low-pressure steam. Suction.
- the vacuum distillation column 51 configured as described above, light oil is extracted by flowing steam at a high flow rate in the steam ejector 52 located downstream through the low-pressure steam extraction pipe 31 from the gas turbine combined cycle 100.
- the gas in the tower is sucked through the pipe 51A and depressurized to a pressure lower than the atmospheric pressure.
- the vacuum distillation column 51 that is depressurized by the suction action of the steam ejector 52 the light oil is efficiently evaporated even at a temperature of about 200 ° C. in the column under reduced pressure (50 mmHg). Oil will move upward and heavy oil will move downward and separate.
- the heavy oil separated in the vacuum distillation column 51 is supplied to the heavy oil storage tank 55 through the heavy oil extraction pipe 51B and the pump 61 provided in the middle thereof.
- the heat exchangers 57 and 58 are provided in the middle of the light oil extraction pipe 51A and the heavy oil extraction pipe 51B, and heat contained in the light oil and heavy oil is supplied to the fuel supply line 56.
- an intermediate fraction extraction pipe 51C for extracting an intermediate fraction in the tower is provided at an intermediate stage of the vacuum distillation tower 51 and at a position below the fuel supply line 56.
- the middle distillate extraction pipe 51C is provided with a pump 62 for transferring the middle distillate and an intermediate pressure steam heater 63 for heating the middle distillate.
- the medium-pressure steam heater 63 is supplied with medium-pressure steam having a pressure of about 1.8 MPa and a temperature of about 310 ° C. through the medium-pressure steam extraction 30 from the gas turbine combined cycle 100.
- a separator 53 for separating the gas component and the liquid component in the light oil component supplied from the vacuum distillation column 51 is provided downstream of the steam ejector 52.
- the separator 53 has a gas discharge pipe 53A connected to the upper part thereof and a liquid component transport pipe 53B connected to the lower part thereof.
- the gas component is discharged, and the liquid component in the remaining light oil component (this becomes a substantial light oil component) is transferred through the liquid component transport pipe 53B.
- a pump 70 is provided in the middle of the liquid component transport pipe 53B, and light oil is extracted from the bottom of the separator 53 by the pump 70, and a part thereof is recirculated to the upper part of the vacuum distillation column 51.
- the remainder is stored in the light oil storage tank 54.
- the low pressure steam discharged from the low pressure steam heater 60 or the medium pressure steam discharged from the intermediate pressure steam heater 63 is condensed and supplied to the condenser 22 of the gas turbine combined cycle 100.
- Crude oil or heavy oil supplied to the power plant as fuel passes through the fuel supply line 56, passes through the low-pressure steam heater 60, and is supplied to the vacuum distillation column 51.
- the low-pressure steam heater 60 is supplied with low-pressure steam having a pressure of about 0.4 MPa and a temperature of about 200 to 230 ° C. through the low-pressure steam extraction pipe 31 from the gas turbine combined cycle 100.
- the crude oil or heavy oil is preheated by performing heat exchange between the low-pressure steam and the crude oil or heavy oil supplied through the fuel supply line 56.
- the light oil component evaporates, the light oil component is separated upward, and the heavy oil component is separated downward.
- the middle distillate extraction for extracting the middle distillate of the vacuum distillation column 51 is performed.
- the pipe 51C is heated by an intermediate pressure steam heater 63 to which intermediate pressure steam different from the previous low pressure steam is supplied.
- the intermediate pressure steam heater 63 heat exchange is performed between the intermediate pressure steam and the middle distillate extracted through the middle distillate extraction pipe 51C, whereby the light oil content from the middle distillate is obtained. Extraction efficiency is increased.
- the crude oil or heavy oil supplied through the fuel supply line 56 is heated by low-pressure steam, and the middle distillate heated through the middle distillate extraction pipe 51C is cooled by reduced-pressure distillation in the tower.
- the overall consumption of medium pressure steam in the vacuum distillation column 51 is relatively reduced, and as a result, the utilization rate of medium pressure steam in the gas turbine combined cycle 100 is increased.
- the overall efficiency of the gas turbine combined cycle 100 and the gas turbine fuel production facility 50 can be increased.
- the light oil extracted in the vacuum distillation column 51 is transferred to the separator 53 while being sucked by the steam ejector 52, and is separated into a gas component and a liquid component in the separator 53.
- the liquid component is a light oil component (substantially a light oil component), which is extracted from the bottom of the separator 53 by the pump 70, and a part is recycled to the upper part of the vacuum distillation column 51, and the rest is stored as a light oil component.
- the gas component is taken out from the upper part of the separator 53. While the light oil is sucked out by the steam ejector 52, the heat exchanger 57 exchanges heat with crude oil or heavy oil to heat them.
- the heavy oil extracted by the pump 61 from the bottom of the vacuum distillation column 51 is stored in the heavy oil storage tank 55 via the heat exchanger 58.
- the heavy oil extracted by the pump 61 passes through the heat exchanger 58 on the way, exchanges heat with crude oil or heavy oil, and heats them.
- the distillation material in the gas turbine fuel manufacturing facility 50
- the vacuum distillation column 51 is equipped with heaters 60 and 63 for heating crude oil or heavy oil fuel, middle distillate during distillation), compared to the one-stage heating method using medium pressure steam, The consumption of medium pressure steam is reduced, and the utilization rate of medium pressure steam in the gas turbine combined cycle 100 is increased. As a result, the overall efficiency of the gas turbine combined cycle 100 and the gas turbine fuel production facility 50 can be increased.
- the heaters 60 and 63 into which the low-pressure steam and the medium-pressure steam are introduced are provided in different parts of the vacuum distillation column 51.
- the heaters 60 and 63 can be properly used according to the application. Specifically, the crude oil or heavy oil (distilled material) supplied to the vacuum distillation column 51 can be heated by the low-pressure steam heater 60 into which the low-pressure steam is introduced, and the intermediate pressure into which the intermediate-pressure steam is introduced.
- the middle distillate (distilled material) extracted from the intermediate stage of the vacuum distillation column 51 can be heated by the steam heater 63.
- the low pressure steam heater 60 into which the low pressure steam is introduced the crude oil or heavy oil supplied to the vacuum distillation tower 51 is preheated, whereby the vacuum distillation is performed.
- the crude oil or heavy oil is efficiently distilled in the column 51, and the distillation efficiency in the vacuum distillation column 51 can be improved.
- the crude oil or heavy oil supplied to the vacuum distillation column 51 is preheated by the low pressure steam heater 60 into which the low pressure steam is introduced.
- a low-pressure steam heater 60 into which low-pressure steam is introduced is provided to preheat crude oil or heavy oil, and further heated by an intermediate-pressure steam heater 65 into which intermediate-pressure steam is introduced and supplied to the vacuum distillation column 51.
- the amount of consumption of intermediate pressure steam in the vacuum distillation column 51 is reduced, and the usage rate of intermediate pressure steam in the gas turbine combined cycle 100 is increased.
- the overall efficiency of the gas turbine combined cycle 100 and the gas turbine fuel production facility 50 can be increased.
- the consumption of medium-pressure steam in the system of FIG. 4 is slightly increased, but there is almost no difference in the overall efficiency of the entire system, and the middle distillate in the example of FIG.
- the extraction pipe 51C is not necessary, and the vacuum distillation column 51 itself can be easily modified without being changed.
- the intermediate fraction extracted from the intermediate stage of the vacuum distillation column 51 is heated by the intermediate pressure steam heater 63 into which the intermediate pressure steam is introduced.
- the distillation efficiency in the vacuum distillation column 51 can be improved.
- the middle distillate extraction pipe 51C heated by the intermediate pressure steam heater 63 into which the intermediate pressure steam is introduced has the low pressure steam into which the low pressure steam is introduced.
- the above-described low-pressure steam and intermediate-pressure steam are extracted from the multi-stage exhaust heat recovery unit 23 of the gas turbine of the gas turbine combined cycle 100.
- Low pressure steam can be used effectively together with medium pressure steam.
- the intermediate pressure steam extraction pipe 30 is connected in the middle of the intermediate pressure steam pipe 15, and the low pressure steam is in the middle of the low pressure steam pipe 16.
- the extraction pipe 31 is connected, it is not limited to connecting the extraction pipes 30 and 31 in the middle of the steam pipes 15 and 16, and as shown in FIG.
- the steam extraction pipe 30 ′ and the low pressure steam extraction pipe 31 ′ may be connected to each other, and the above-described low pressure steam and medium pressure steam may be extracted through these extraction pipes 30 ′ and 31 ′.
- the crude oil or heavy oil supplied with the fuel supply line 56 is heated with a low pressure steam
- tube 51C is heated with a medium pressure vapor
- the middle distillate supplied by the middle distillate extraction pipe 51C may be heated by both low pressure steam and medium pressure steam, and the use form of the low pressure steam is not limited to the previous embodiment.
- the present invention reduces the consumption of medium-pressure steam, and can improve the overall efficiency of the gas turbine combined cycle and the gas turbine fuel production facility. Provide cycle power generation facilities.
- Multistage exhaust heat recovery unit 30 Medium pressure steam extraction pipe 30 'Medium pressure steam extraction pipe 31 Low pressure steam extraction pipe 31' Low pressure steam extraction pipe 50 Gas turbine fuel production equipment 51 Vacuum distillation tower 51C Middle distillate extraction pipe 60 Low pressure steam Heater 63 Medium pressure steam heater 65 Medium pressure steam heater 100 Gas turbine combined cycle
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
この特許公報1に示されるガスタービンコンバインドサイクルは、高圧空気と燃料とを燃焼させた燃焼ガスでガスタービンを駆動するとともに、ガスタービンから排出される排気ガスで発生させた蒸気で蒸気タービンを駆動し、これらガスタービン及び蒸気タービンの出力を利用して発電等を行うようにしたものである。
本発明は、原油又は重油をガスタービンの燃料とし、該ガスタービンの排気を蒸気タービンの熱源の少なくとも一部として発電を行うガスタービンコンバインドサイクル発電設備であって、内部を前記原油又は重油の沸点を下げる環境下として、これら原油又は重油から軽質油分を蒸留する蒸留塔を有し、該蒸留塔には、ガスタービンコンバインドサイクルで発生した低圧蒸気及び中圧蒸気により前記原油又は重油を加熱する加熱器が具備されている。また本発明は、原油又は重油をガスタービンの燃料とし、該ガスタービンの排気を蒸気タービンの熱源の少なくとも一部として発電を行うガスタービンコンバインドサイクル発電方法であって、前記原油又は重油の沸点を下げる環境下として、これら原油又は重油から軽質油分を蒸留するに際し、前記ガスタービンコンバインドサイクルで発生した低圧蒸気及び中圧蒸気により前記原油又は重油を加熱する。
図1は、本発明のガスタービンコンバインドサイクル発電設備の発電側となるガスタービンコンバインドサイクル100を示す系統図である。
これら中圧蒸気抽気管30及び低圧蒸気抽気管31は、ガスタービンコンバインドサイクル100の燃焼器4に対して、軽質油燃料を供給するためのガスタービン燃料製造設備50(図2に参照)に接続される。
このガスタービン燃料製造設備50は、減圧蒸留塔51、スチームエジェクター52、分離器53、軽質油分貯蔵タンク54、重質油分貯蔵タンク55を主な構成要素としている。
この低圧蒸気加熱器60は、ガスタービンコンバインドサイクル100からの低圧蒸気抽気管31を通じて、圧力が0.47MPa程度、温度が210℃程度の低圧蒸気が供給されるものであって、この低圧蒸気と、燃料供給ライン56を通じて供給された原油又は重油との間で熱交換を行うことによって、これら原油又は重油が加熱される。
また、スチームエジェクター52は、ガスタービンコンバインドサイクル100からの低圧蒸気抽気管31を通じて低圧蒸気が供給される構造であり、この低圧蒸気を利用して、軽質油分抽出管51Aを通じて減圧蒸留塔51内を吸引する。
そして、減圧蒸留塔51で分離された重質油分は、重質油分抽出管51B及びその途中に設けられたポンプ61を通じて重質油分貯蔵タンク55に供給される。また、前述の熱交換器57・58は、軽質油分抽出管51A、重質油分抽出管51Bの途中に設けられるものであって、軽質油分及び重質油分に含まれる熱を、燃料供給ライン56を通じて供給される原油又は重油に伝達する。
この分離器53は、その上部にガス排出管53Aが接続され、かつその下部に液状成分輸送管53Bが接続されているものであって、ガス排出管53Aを通じて、分離された軽質油分の中のガス成分が排出され、かつ、液状成分輸送管53Bを通じて、残りの軽質油分中の液状成分(これが実質的な軽質油分となる)を移送される。また、液状成分輸送管53Bの途中には、ポンプ70が設けられおり、該ポンプ70によって、分離器53の底部から軽質油分が抜き出されて、一部は減圧蒸留塔51の上部に再循環し、残りは軽質油分貯蔵タンク54に貯蔵される。
尚、低圧蒸気加熱器60から排出される低圧蒸気または中圧蒸気加熱器63から排出される中圧蒸気は凝縮し、ガスタービンコンバインドサイクル100の凝縮器22へ供給される。
燃料として発電所に供給される原油又は重油は、燃料供給ライン56を経由し、低圧蒸気加熱器60を通り、減圧蒸留塔51に供給される。前記したように、低圧蒸気加熱器60には、ガスタービンコンバインドサイクル100からの低圧蒸気抽気管31を通じて、圧力が0.4MPa程度、温度が200~230℃程度の低圧蒸気が供給されており、この低圧蒸気と、燃料供給ライン56を通じて供給された原油又は重油との間で熱交換を行うことによって、これら原油又は重油が事前加熱される。
また、上記実施例では、低圧蒸気が導入される低圧蒸気加熱器60により、減圧蒸留塔51へ供給する原油又は重油を先行加熱することとしたが、図4のように、燃料供給ライン56上に低圧蒸気が導入される低圧蒸気加熱器60を設けて原油又は重油を先行加熱し、中圧蒸気が導入される中圧蒸気加熱器65によりさらに加熱して減圧蒸留塔51へ供給するようにしても良く、中圧蒸気による一段加熱方式と比較して、減圧蒸留塔51での中圧蒸気の消費量が低減されて、ガスタービンコンバインドサイクル100での中圧蒸気の使用率が高まる。その結果、ガスタービンコンバインドサイクル100とガスタービン燃料製造設備50の総合効率の高効率化が可能となる。尚、図2のシステムに比べて図4のシステムは中圧蒸気の消費量はやや増加するが、システム全体の総合効率に差はほとんどなく、図4のシステムでは図2の例における中間留分抽出管51Cが不要となり減圧蒸留塔51自体の変更を伴わない容易な改造が可能な構成とすることができる。
30 中圧蒸気抽気管
30′ 中圧蒸気抽気管
31 低圧蒸気抽気管
31′ 低圧蒸気抽気管
50 ガスタービン燃料製造設備
51 減圧蒸留塔
51C 中間留分抽出管
60 低圧蒸気加熱器
63 中圧蒸気加熱器
65 中圧蒸気加熱器
100 ガスタービンコンバインドサイクル
Claims (8)
- 原油又は重油をガスタービンの燃料とし、該ガスタービンの排気を蒸気タービンの熱源の少なくとも一部として発電を行うガスタービンコンバインドサイクル発電設備であって、
内部を前記原油又は重油の沸点を下げる環境下として、これら原油又は重油から軽質油分を蒸留する蒸留塔を有し、
該蒸留塔には、ガスタービンコンバインドサイクルで発生した低圧蒸気及び中圧蒸気により前記原油又は重油を加熱する加熱器が具備されているガスタービンコンバインドサイクル発電設備。 - 前記低圧蒸気及び中圧蒸気が導入される各加熱器は、前記蒸留塔の異なる部位に設けられている請求項1に記載のガスタービンコンバインドサイクル発電設備。
- 前記低圧蒸気が導入される前記加熱器または前記中圧蒸気が導入される前記加熱器は、前記原油又は重油を前記蒸留塔へ供給する供給路の途中に設けられて、該原油又は重油を加熱する請求項1又は2のいずれか1項に記載のガスタービンコンバインドサイクル発電設備。
- 前記中圧蒸気が導入される前記加熱器は、前記蒸留塔の中間段より抽出された中間留分を加熱して塔内へ戻す循環路に設けられた請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のガスタービンコンバインドサイクル発電設備。
- 前記中圧蒸気が導入される前記加熱器によって中間留分抽出管が加熱され、また、前記低圧蒸気が導入される前記加熱器によって燃料供給ラインが加熱され、
前記中間留分抽出管は、前記燃料供給ラインより下方に設けられる請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載のガスタービンコンバインドサイクル発電設備。 - 前記低圧蒸気、中圧蒸気は、前記ガスタービンコンバインドサイクルのガスタービンの多段式排熱回収部から抽気する請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載のガスタービンコンバインドサイクル発電設備。
- 前記低圧蒸気、中圧蒸気は、前記ガスタービンコンバインドサイクルの蒸気タービンから抽気する請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載のガスタービンコンバインドサイクル発電設備。
- 原油又は重油をガスタービンの燃料とし、該ガスタービンの排気を蒸気タービンの熱源の少なくとも一部として発電を行うガスタービンコンバインドサイクル発電方法であって、
前記原油又は重油の沸点を下げる環境下として、これら原油又は重油から軽質油分を蒸留するに際し、
前記ガスタービンコンバインドサイクルで発生した低圧蒸気及び中圧蒸気により前記原油又は重油を加熱するガスタービンコンバインドサイクル発電方法。
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US13/496,904 US9284856B2 (en) | 2009-12-18 | 2009-12-18 | Gas turbine combined cycle power plant with distillation unit to distill a light oil fraction |
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