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WO2010151118A1 - Système et procédé de distribution de gnl - Google Patents

Système et procédé de distribution de gnl Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2010151118A1
WO2010151118A1 PCT/NL2010/050381 NL2010050381W WO2010151118A1 WO 2010151118 A1 WO2010151118 A1 WO 2010151118A1 NL 2010050381 W NL2010050381 W NL 2010050381W WO 2010151118 A1 WO2010151118 A1 WO 2010151118A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lng
storage
dispenser
pressure
boil
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NL2010/050381
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Pieter Anton Remie
Jacques Adrianus Maria Dam
Original Assignee
Ballast Nedam International Product Management B.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ballast Nedam International Product Management B.V. filed Critical Ballast Nedam International Product Management B.V.
Priority to EP10730567A priority Critical patent/EP2446185A1/fr
Publication of WO2010151118A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010151118A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/02—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with liquefied gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
    • F17C2205/0134—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels
    • F17C2205/0142—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels bundled in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0352—Pipes
    • F17C2205/0367—Arrangements in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/046—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2225/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2225/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/035—High pressure, i.e. between 10 and 80 bars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/04—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid after transfer
    • F17C2225/042—Localisation of the filling point
    • F17C2225/046—Localisation of the filling point in the liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0135—Pumps
    • F17C2227/015—Pumps with cooling of the pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0171—Arrangement
    • F17C2227/0178—Arrangement in the vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0171—Arrangement
    • F17C2227/0185—Arrangement comprising several pumps or compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F17C2227/0304—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using an electric heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F17C2227/0306—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using the same fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0369—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel
    • F17C2227/0374—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel in the liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/04—Methods for emptying or filling
    • F17C2227/043—Methods for emptying or filling by pressure cascade
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/04—Methods for emptying or filling
    • F17C2227/047—Methods for emptying or filling by repeating a process cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/01—Intermediate tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0443—Flow or movement of content
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/03—Dealing with losses
    • F17C2260/035—Dealing with losses of fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
    • F17C2265/033—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
    • F17C2265/065—Fluid distribution for refuelling vehicle fuel tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0134—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed above the ground
    • F17C2270/0139—Fuel stations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
    • F17C2270/0171—Trucks

Definitions

  • the present invention is directed to a system and a method for the delivery of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) .
  • LNG Liquefied Natural Gas
  • the engine of a refuelling truck requires LNG at a pressure that is higher than the pressure level at which the LNG is supplied by a LNG supply truck, a time- consuming process of increasing the pressure, i.e. conditioning the LNG, needs to take place before an engine of refuelling truck can run on the LNG.
  • a further object is to provide a system and method to enable this LNG in a substantially continuous delivery.
  • pressure build-up device and the intermediate storage for storing the LNG with increased pressure are arranged in a pressure build-up loop; and - further comprising one or more dispenser storages for storing and/or further pre-conditioning the LNG.
  • the system brings and maintains the pressure within the desired bandwidth required for delivery to refuelling vehicles. As the pressure is always within this desired bandwidth, the system offers an autonomous and continuous delivery of fuel at the desired pressure.
  • the system By pre-conditioning the LNG in the system, it is ready for direct use by the engine of a refuelling vehicle.
  • the system thereby prevents that a time-consuming LNG pressure increasing conditioning process has to be carried out by the refuelling vehicle.
  • the invention provides a system for the continuous delivery of pre-conditioned LNG, especially saturated LNG at a desired pressure.
  • the pressure build-up device and the intermediate storage for storing the LNG with increased pressure are arranged in a pressure build-up loop.
  • the pressure of the LNG contained in the intermediate storage can be maintained within a desired bandwidth. Furthermore, it is possible to obtain an even higher pressure level by gradually increasing the pressure level.
  • the system comprises one or more dispenser storages for storing and/or further pre-conditioning the
  • the dispenser storages can be used to store LNG under the conditions (e.g. pressure) obtained in the intermediate storage, but can also be used to further pre-condition the LNG.
  • different pre-conditioned states such as different pressures, can be stored in the different dispenser storages. This enables the system to continuously deliver saturated LNG on one or more pressure levels.
  • the dispenser storage comprises a heater for heating the LNG contained therein. When the LNG in the dispenser storage cools down, or when the LNG level drops due to dispensing LNG to a refuelling vehicle, the pressure of the LNG in the dispenser storage will decrease.
  • the heater can be applied to heat the LNG in order to maintain the LNG within a preferred bandwidth for the pressure level. It is even possible to use heating to obtain a further increased pressure level which is significantly higher than that available in the intermediate storage. For example a pressure level of 9 bar obtained from the intermediate storage can in the dispenser storage be increased to 18 bar.
  • the pressure build-up device is a unit that is able to heat-up the LNG to the required pressure in a controlled way.
  • the pressure build-up device is a heater. By heating the LNG, it expands and the pressure increases.
  • the system further comprises a main LNG process pump arranged in a main LNG process pump vessel, said pump being adapted to at least pump LNG from the main storage to the intermediate storage.
  • the main LNG process pump in a first step pumps LNG from the main storage to the LNG process pump vessel.
  • the main LNG process pump forces the LNG contained in the LNG process pump vessel via the pressure build-up device to the intermediate storage. If desired, the procedure of pressure build-up is repeated by looping the LNG more than once via the pressure build-up device, thereby further increasing the pressure. It is also possible to maintain the desired pressure level by compensating for any pressure losses .
  • the system further comprises a dispenser LNG pump arranged in a dispenser LNG pump vessel, said pump being adapted to at least pump LNG from the dispenser storage to a dispenser.
  • a dispenser LNG pump arranged in a dispenser LNG pump vessel, said pump being adapted to at least pump LNG from the dispenser storage to a dispenser.
  • the main LNG process pump vessel and/or the dispenser LNG pump vessel are arranged in an isolated space within a larger pump vessel.
  • LNG in a limited temperature and pressure range that is far below the environmental temperature, LNG will boil and produce inevitable boil-off gas caused by the combined environmental radiative and conductive heat loads, Since this boil-off gas is undesirable and should be reduced as far as possible, all embodiments are isolated with an effective thermal isolation using vacuum and/or multilayered isolation and/or vacuum Perlite .
  • boil-off gas is collected in a boil-off collecting scheme using thermosyphon connections between all storage vessels and the pump vessel. In this way all boil-off gas is collected in each of the storage vessels that therefore also fulfil the function of gas/liquid phase separator from which the boil-off gas is transferred to a central boil-off gas collecting embodiment.
  • the isolation of the isolated space comprises a combined vacuum multi- layered isolation and vacuum perlite isolation, which has proven to be a very effective and reliable isolation.
  • system further comprises:
  • boil-off collecting means for collecting boil- off gasses evaporated from any of the storage tanks
  • boil-off gasses By collecting boil-off gasses and cooling them down, these gasses can be re-condensated, thereby providing a system with zero boil-off. As a result of all boil-off reducing measures, the remaining quantity of boil-off gas can be processed by cooling-down and re-condensation making it LNG again that is fed back into the process. Re-condensation is done preferably at the highest possible pressure vessel so first in the dispenser storage, then the intermediate storage and ultimately in the main storage. In case the combined re- condensation capacity of all storage is inadequate, an additional internal heat exchanger cooled by Liquid Nitrogen or an active cooling device as a refrigerator can be used. By re-condensating boil-off gasses, no greenhouse gasses are emitted to the environment. Instead, the gasses remain within the closed loop system, thereby also minimising energy losses.
  • the invention is further directed to a method for the delivery of LNG, said method comprising the steps of:
  • the method is further comprising the step of pumping LNG from the dispenser storage to a dispenser with a dispenser LNG pump arranged in a dispenser LNG pump vessel.
  • the method is further comprising the steps of:
  • the method is further comprising the step of: - re-condensating the cooled down boil-off gasses at the storage with highest possible pressure available.
  • the cooled down boil-off gasses re-condensate within one of the storages of the system, and preferably at the storage with the highest possible pressure, in order to have the most effective re-condensation.
  • This closed loop principle re-condensates boil-off gasses at the LNG supply available within the system, thereby preventing any gas losses to the environment. By re-condensation at the storage with the highest possible pressure, the most effective re-condensation is obtained.
  • the step of re-condensating the cooled down boil-off gasses at the storage with highest possible pressure available comprises at least the step of: A. re-condensation in the one or more dispenser storages until these one or more dispenser storages are completely filled with LNG.
  • the dispenser storages are the vessels within the system wherein the LNG is at the highest pressure, e.g. 9 and 18 bar respectively, and therefore the system primarily re- condensates boil-off gasses at the dispenser storages.
  • the step of re-condensating the cooled down boil-off gasses at the storage with highest possible pressure available, if the one or more dispenser storages are completely filled with LNG and further boil-off gasses are to be re- condensated further comprises the step of: B. re- condensation in the intermediate storage until the intermediate storage is completely filled with LNG.
  • the storage vessel with the highest pressure available is the intermediate storage.
  • the step of re-condensating the cooled down boil-off gasses at the storage with highest possible pressure available, if the one or more dispenser storages and intermediate storage are completely filled with LNG and further boil-off gasses are to be re-condensated further comprises the step of: C. re-condensation in the main storage until the main storage is completely filled with LNG.
  • the method is further comprising the step of using a cooling device when the combined re-condensation capacity of the one or more dispenser storages, the intermediate storage and the main storage is inadequate if all storages are pressurized till their maximum operating pressure. Then, a cooling device can be connected to the pump vessel and lower the pressure of any of the storages using an appropriate valve setting. In this mode the total LNG content of the filling station can be stored without boil off loss for any length of time independent from any delivery.
  • FIG. 2 shows a detailed schematic overview of the system according to the present invention
  • Figure 3 shows a detailed schematic figure of the process of pumping LNG from a main storage to a LNG process pump vessel
  • Figure 4 shows a detailed schematic figure of the process of pumping LNG from the LNG process pump vessel to an intermediate storage
  • Figure 5 shows a detailed schematic figure of the process of pumping LNG from the intermediate storage to a dispenser storage
  • Figure 6 shows a detailed schematic figure of the pumping of LNG from the dispenser storage to a dispenser
  • Figure 7 shows a detailed schematic figure of boil-off re-condensation
  • Figure 8 shows a schematic graph of the LNG level and pressure in the main storage
  • Figure 9 shows a schematic graph of the LNG level, pressure and heater power in the intermediate storage
  • Figure 10 shows a schematic graph of the LNG level, pressure and heater power in the dispenser storage
  • Figure 11 shows a schematic graph of the system
  • Figure 12 shows liquid and boil-off gas flow directions within the system.
  • the system according to the present invention comprises a main storage 2, an intermediate storage 4 and a dispenser storage 6.
  • An LNG supply truck 8 supplies LNG to the main storage 2, after which it is processed to a preferred preconditioned state in the intermediate storage 4 and/or dispenser storage 6 in order to obtain pre-conditioned LNG that is suitable for supply from a dispenser 12.
  • a refuelling vehicle 64 (not shown in figure 1) can drive further directly after refuelling with LNG.
  • the detailed basic flow diagram of figure 2 discloses a main storage 2 to which a LNG supply truck 8 supplies LNG via a supply pipe 10.
  • the supplied LNG is stored in the main storage 2, from which it is delivered to a main LNG process pump vessel 18 that is arranged in pump vessel 14.
  • the main LNG process pump 16 that is arranged in the main LNG process pump vessel 18 supplies the LNG via a pressure build-up device 30 to the intermediate storage 4, in which the LNG is stored with increased pressure.
  • the LNG with increased pressure in intermediate storage 4 can be supplied to the dispenser storage 6 via a dispenser LNG pump vessel 22 which is also arranged in the pump vessel 14.
  • Both the main LNG process pump 16 and the dispenser LNG pump 20 are arranged in an own vessel, respectively the main LNG process pump vessel 18 and the dispenser LNG vessel 22.
  • the pressure increase rate of the intermediate storage 4 pressure can match the dispenser storage 4 pressure at the precise moment the dispenser storage 4 needs to be refilled, thereby creating a zero boil-off storage.
  • the intermediate storage 4 is heated to bring it to a higher pressure. It therefore is required that the boil-off gas remains inside the storage taking care of the pressure buildup, otherwise the intermediate storage 4 would simply boil at the vent-line pressure. During filling of the dispenser storage 6 the intermediate storage 4 drops in pressure which restart the chain of events. Only if the set- pressure of the intermediate storage 4 is reached before a refill of the dispenser storage (s) 6 is required, the intermediate storage 4 will generate build-off gas which then is fed back to the main storage 2 for re-condensation.
  • Both the main LNG process pump vessel 18 and dispenser LNG pump vessel 22 are isolated by an isolated space 24 which preferably comprises a combined vacuum multi- layered isolation and vacuum perlite isolation. Typical flow rates are 350 1/min for the main LNG process pump 16, and 130 1/min for the dispenser LNG pump 20.
  • a valve box 26, which comprises a vacuum isolated space 28, is located in the upper part of pump vessel 14.
  • the pre-conditioned LNG can be delivered from the dispenser storage 6, via the dispenser LNG vessel 22, to the dispenser 12, where it is ready to be dispensed to a refuelling vehicle.
  • the valve box 26 is located below the minimum filling levels of the main storage 2, the intermediate storage 4 and the one or more dispenser storages 6 to ensure a sub-cooled LNG feed to the LNG main process pump 16 and the one or more dispenser LNG pumps 20 located in separate pump vessels, respectively the main LNG process pump vessel 18 and the dispenser LNG pump vessel 22.
  • Pump vessels 18 and 22 are both arranged in the lower part of the pump vessel 14.
  • All process open/close cryogenic valves are located in the upper part of the valve box 26. Furthermore, all interconnecting LNG transfer pipes from all storage vessels to the valve box 26 are mounted pointing downwards, so that any LNG gas will flow back to the storage vessels which therefore also act as a phase separator.
  • the LNG supplied by the LNG supply truck 8 is stored in the main storage 2 from where it is delivered to the main LNG process pump vessel 18 via supply pipes 38, 40.
  • the main LNG process pump 16, which drives the flow of this circuit, is located in the main LNG process pump vessel 18 (figure 3) .
  • the supply pipe 40 can also be used as a return pipe for emptying the main LNG process pump vessel 18 by delivering the LNG in the LNG process pump vessel 18 via the supply pipe 40 to the main storage 2. Once the main LNG process pump vessel 18 is empty, it is available for e.g. maintenance of the main LNG process pump 16 located in the pump vessel 18.
  • the LNG that has been pumped from the main storage 2 to the main LNG process pump vessel 18 will be subjected to a main LNG process pump 16 pressure build-up loop via pipes 42, 44 and 46.
  • the LNG in the pump vessel 18 is delivered from the pump vessel 18 to a pressure build-up device 30 via a pipe 42.
  • the LNG is heated by the heater which forms the pressure build-up device 30, after which it is transported via a pipe 44 to the intermediate storage 4.
  • the LNG can be delivered back to the pump vessel 18 via pipe 46 to be subjected to a further build-up loop in order to further increase the pressure, if desired.
  • the intermediate storage 4 will comprise LNG at an elevated pressure of e.g. 9 bar.
  • the main storage 2 capacity to the intermediate storage 4 capacity ratio is in the order of 5:1, but can also vary depending on the main LNG process pump 16 capacity and/or bulk LNG delivery logistics.
  • the preconditioned LNG with an elevated pressure of e.g. 9 bar that is contained in the intermediate storage 4 can now be delivered via a pipe 46 to the main LNG process pump vessel 18 and via a pipe 48 to the dispenser storage 6 where it is stored for later use by the dispenser 12.
  • the intermediate storage 4 capacity to the dispenser storage 6 ratio is also in the order of 5:1, but can also vary depending on the dispenser LNG pump 20 capacity.
  • a typical delivery rate is 130 1/min, while a typical storage capacity is in the order of 2 m 3 .
  • the LNG that is contained in the dispenser storage 6 comprises preconditioned LNG at an elevated pressure of e.g. 9 bar. Due to factors such as partially emptying the dispenser storage 6, heat loss, et cetera, the pressure of the LNG in the dispenser storage 6 may be lowered, which can be compensated by heating the LNG with a heater 50, thereby increasing the pressure contained in the dispenser storage 6 (figure 5) .
  • the electrical heater 50 comprises an energy supply 52, and can also be activated to maintain the pressure within a desired bandwidth during LNG delivery. If a higher pressure than the pressure of the intermediate storage 4 is desired, the heater 50 can also be used to increase the pressure of the LNG in the dispenser storage 6, for example from 9 bar up to 18 bar.
  • the system comprises two or more separate dispenser storages 6, so that preconditioned LNG at different pressure levels can be readily available to be delivered to a dispenser 12.
  • one dispenser storage can be conditioned to provide an LNG pressure of 9 bar, while the other dispenser storage 6 can be conditioned to deliver LNG preconditioned at 18 bar.
  • the preconditioned LNG is transported via a supply pipe 54 to the dispenser LNG pump vessel 22.
  • Vessels 22 and 6 are interconnected by pipe 56 thus creating a thermosyphon loop between both vessels 22, 6. This thermosyphon loop assures an uninterrupted LNG flow from the dispenser storage 6 to the pump vessel 14 under transient and steady state conditions.
  • the LNG is transported via a delivery pipe 58 to the dispenser 12, where it is available for a truck 64 that is refuelling.
  • the dispenser 12 furthermore comprises a back flow pipe 60 which allows the gas contained in the dispenser LNG pump vessel 22 to be pumped around continuously, thereby preventing gas build-up.
  • the dispenser 12 comprises a delivery hose connected to delivery pipe 58, and a return hose connected to back flow pipe 60, enabling a continuous backflow of LNG to keep the system saturated and cold up to the nozzle.
  • the balance between the LNG supply flow and LNG return low is for example set at 10:1 and is fixed by calibrated restrictions interconnecting the supply and return LNG lines.
  • the dispenser LNG pump 20 maintains a low flow circulation to keep the dispenser circuit cold and filled with LNG in the periods wherein there is no LNG delivery.
  • the difference of the measured values between a flow gas meter (not shown) in the delivery pipe 58 and a back flow gas meter (not shown) in the back flow pipe 60 is equal to the mass delivered to the refuelling truck 64.
  • Integrated software can be provided to calculate the delivery volume of LNG, i.e. by calculating the difference of the existing delivery flow and the back flow. If desired, this software can be linked to a fuel station payment system.
  • a further gas return flow pipe 62 can be provided to allow equalization between the fuel tank of the refuelling truck 64 and LNG dispenser storage 6.
  • FIG. 7 shows the re-condensation of boil-off gasses.
  • Boil-off gasses from the different storages are directed via pipes to a boil-off pipe 36. All expected sources of CNG gas production (which are under normal operation, intermediate storage, dispenser storage (s), pump vessel (s), dispensers, LCNG pump) are venting CNG on the boil-off pipe 36 via overpressure valves.
  • Pipe 36 is connected to a CNG buffer (e.g. low pressure buffer 32 as shown in figure 2 via heater 30) that is typically at ambient temperature. The pressure of the low pressure buffer 32 varies with the main storage 2 pressure to which the CNG is fed for re-condensation.
  • a CNG buffer e.g. low pressure buffer 32 as shown in figure 2 via heater 30
  • the low pressure buffer 32 can also be connected to an external refrigerator 34 which re- liquefies the CNG to LNG in case the recondensation capacity of the main storage is not enough (for instance if the facility is operated far outside its specification for delivery) or in case the main storage has reached its maximum pressure.
  • the external refrigerator 34 produces LNG into pump vessel 18 from which it is returned to the main storage 2.
  • the pressure in the main storage 2 is deliberately kept low enough to enable gas to recondensate in this main storage 2.
  • the main storage 2 also provides refrigeration power to the return LNG boil-off gas from all components of the system, thereby creating an effective zero boil-off system.
  • the enthalpy difference between the main storage 2 pressure after refill and the upper main storage 2 pressure setting which is typically around 3.5 bar, can be used as refrigeration capacity for re-condensation of evaporated LNG from the system.
  • Each delivery from the main storage 2 to the intermediate storage 4 lowers the pressure in the main storage 2 through the expansion occurring by this delivery, thereby increasing the refrigeration power.
  • Buffer 32 accumulates all CNG, from boil-off or other sources, that is released during normal operation of the plant. As the CNG flow in pipe 36 is not constant buffer 32 damps the pressure fluctuations that otherwise would occur and might have a negative effect on the recondensation in main storage 2 which in basis is a steady state process. Furthermore, buffer 32 allows the proper operation of the refrigerator 34.
  • Figures 8-10 together show an operational timeline of the main storage 2 (figure 8), the intermediate storage 4 (figure 9) and the dispenser storage 6 (figure 10) . Please note that the X access of the graphs shown in figures 8-10 represent the timescale, which is different for the separate figures 8 to 10.
  • the LNG level 80 in the dispenser storage 6 will decrease during the time span T' of the refuelling (figure 10) . Together with this decrease in LNG level 80, also the pressure 82 of the LNG in the dispenser storage 6 will decrease. In order to obtain the pressure within the desired bandwidth 84 for LNG delivery, the heater power 86 of heater 50 is temporarily increased until the pressure 82 is increased to stay within the bandwidth 84.
  • the LNG level 74 in the intermediate storage 4 lowers when the dispenser storage refill D' takes place. Also the pressure 76 in the intermediate storage 4 reduces, which pressure is increased again to the desired pressure level by turning on the heater 30.
  • the heater 30 functions as a pressure build-up device and the power delivered to the heater 30 is shown in figure 9 as line 78.
  • the LNG level 70 in the main storage 2 lowers during time span I' when an intermediate storage refill takes place at time I.
  • the pressure in the main storage is regulated by three mechanisms:
  • the LNG is delivered at typically 1 bar pressure so after refill, the pressure in the main storage 2 is approximately 1 bar and the level is full (starting point in figure 8) .
  • the main storage 2 can be refilled by the delivery of LNG by a LNG supply truck 8.
  • FIG 11 shows that it is also possible to deliver LCNG via delivery pipe 90, by using a high pressure LNG pump 88, which is arranged between the main storage 2 and heater 50.
  • the delivery pipe 90 delivers high pressure

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système de distribution de GNL, comprenant un réservoir principal destiné à stocker le GNL fourni, un dispositif de pressurisation destiné à augmenter la pression du GNL, un réservoir intermédiaire destiné à stocker le GNL présentant une pression supérieure, et un distributeur destiné à distribuer le GNL dans un état préconditionné vers un véhicule de ravitaillement. Le dispositif de pressurisation et le réservoir intermédiaire destiné à stocker le GNL présentant une pression supérieure sont disposés selon une boucle de pressurisation et comprennent en outre un ou plusieurs réservoirs de distribution destinés à stocker et/ou à préconditionner le GNL. En outre, la présente invention concerne un procédé de distribution de GNL au moyen d'un tel système.
PCT/NL2010/050381 2009-06-25 2010-06-21 Système et procédé de distribution de gnl WO2010151118A1 (fr)

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EP2906350A2 (fr) * 2012-06-05 2015-08-19 Werner Hermeling Procédé de regazéification de gaz cryogénique
US9752727B2 (en) 2012-11-30 2017-09-05 Chart Inc. Heat management system and method for cryogenic liquid dispensing systems
FR3017184B1 (fr) * 2014-02-03 2016-09-02 Cryostar Sas Installation de delivrance et de traitement de liquide cryogenique
CN105546328A (zh) * 2016-01-19 2016-05-04 江苏长隆石化装备有限公司 一种lng槽车装卸撬
WO2023107062A2 (fr) * 2021-12-06 2023-06-15 Aygaz Dogal Gaz Toptan Satis A.S. Station de remplissage de gnl mobile à double réservoir et son procédé de remplissage
WO2023230458A1 (fr) * 2022-05-24 2023-11-30 Chart Inc. Système et procédé de distribution de liquide cryogénique
IT202200026550A1 (it) * 2022-12-22 2024-06-22 Graf Ind S P A Metodo per il rifornimento di veicoli a gas naturale liquefatto

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WO2015090327A3 (fr) * 2013-12-19 2015-08-13 Kosan Crisplant A/S Transfert de gaz naturel liquéfié
US11613175B2 (en) 2017-12-07 2023-03-28 Scania Cv Ab Indoor safety device, a liquefied fuel gas system and a vehicle

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