WO2010016432A1

WO2010016432A1 - Battery

Info

Publication number: WO2010016432A1
Application number: PCT/JP2009/063641
Authority: WO
Inventors: 和也坂下; 虎太　直人; 西村　直人
Original assignee: シャープ株式会社
Priority date: 2008-08-08
Filing date: 2009-07-31
Publication date: 2010-02-11
Also published as: JP4649502B2; JP2010040489A

Abstract

Disclosed is a battery (10) which comprises an electrically conductive exterior material (1) and a laminate arranged in the inside of the exterior material (1) and comprising a positive electrode (2), a negative electrode (3) and a separator (4) laminated in a layered form, wherein the laminate additionally comprises a resin film (31) as an outermost layer.

Description

battery

The present invention relates to a stacked battery (for example, a lithium ion secondary battery).

A lithium ion secondary battery (hereinafter also simply referred to as a battery) using a metal oxide as a positive electrode, an organic electrolyte (non-aqueous electrolyte) as an electrolyte, a carbon material such as graphite as a negative electrode, and a porous separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode Since it was first commercialized in 1991, it has rapidly spread as a battery for portable devices such as mobile phones that are becoming smaller and lighter due to its high energy density.

Also, lithium ion secondary batteries (large capacity batteries) with increased capacity to store the generated electricity have been studied. In addition, as this large-capacity battery, the example manufactured only by scaling up the conventional battery is reported.

On the other hand, with the rapid spread and large capacity of lithium ion secondary batteries, the demand for safety is increasing.

Since lithium ion secondary batteries use organic electrolytes as electrolytes, several measures are taken to prevent accidents such as rupture and fire even under severe conditions of use. As a countermeasure, when the battery temperature rises, the separator melts to close the hole in the separator, and as a result, measures to ensure safety such as a “shutdown function” that cuts off the current are provided. ing.

However, even with such a countermeasure, there are problems regarding the safety of the battery. For example, if a short circuit due to an external factor (such as when a nail is pierced) or an internal short circuit (such as when a foreign object is mixed) occurs and current flows in the short circuit location, heat is generated due to resistance heat generation. Causes a chemical reaction between the active material and the electrolyte in the battery. As a result, so-called “thermal runaway” occurs in the battery, and in the worst case, the battery ruptures and ignites.

As an example of the related art related to the above, Patent Document 1 discloses that a current collector of at least one of a positive electrode and a negative electrode is deposited on both surfaces of a resin film that melts during abnormal heat generation of the battery, A lithium ion secondary battery comprising a metal layer that exchanges electric charges with an active material has been disclosed and proposed.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-102711

Certainly, in the case of a lithium ion secondary battery equipped with a “shutdown function”, even if an internal short circuit of the battery occurs, the short-circuit current shutdown function insulates the short-circuited part of the current collector so that a large current Since it can be prevented from flowing into the fire, it does not ignite.

However, if there are abnormalities or scratches in the insulation treatment layer of the exterior material (such as a metal can or an aluminum laminate) having conductivity, or foreign matter is mixed during production, the laminate (particularly the electrode in contact with the exterior material) The exterior material conducts and causes an internal short circuit, which may cause rupture or fire. Further, in the environment of use, there is an increased possibility of a short circuit between the exterior material and the laminated body due to external influences such as vibration and dropping, which in turn increases the risk of rupture and ignition.

Note that the conventional technique described in Patent Document 1 has a common point with the present invention in that a resin film is used as at least one of the positive electrode and negative electrode current collectors. The purpose is to prevent ignition at the time of abnormal heat generation occurring at a high temperature, and the internal short circuit between the exterior material and the laminate has not necessarily been taken into consideration.

In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a stacked battery that can effectively suppress an internal short circuit and enhance its safety.

In order to achieve the above object, a battery according to the present invention is a battery comprising a laminate in which a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator are stacked in layers inside a conductive exterior material, Is configured to have a resin film as the outermost layer (first configuration).

In the battery having the first configuration, the positive electrode and the negative electrode, which are located on the outermost side of the laminate, are made of a resin film in which a conductive layer is formed only on one side not facing the exterior material. A configuration (second configuration) that is a current collector is preferable.

In the battery having the first or second configuration, the positive electrode and the negative electrode, which are located outside the outermost side of the laminate, collect a resin film having conductive layers formed on both surfaces thereof. A configuration that is a body (third configuration) is preferable.

In the battery having any one of the first to third configurations, the resin film is formed of a thermoplastic resin having a thermal shrinkage rate at 120 ° C. of 1.5% or more in either the vertical or horizontal direction. (Fourth configuration) is preferable.

Further, in the battery having the fourth structure, the resin film may have a structure (fifth structure) made of a polyolefin resin, polyvinyl chloride, or a composite material thereof.

In a battery having a conventional configuration in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode current collector are made of metal foil, a positive electrode (positive electrode current collector or positive electrode active material) and a negative electrode (negative electrode current collector or negative electrode active material) Between the positive electrode and the exterior material, and between the negative electrode and the exterior material. In the case of a short circuit between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, it is possible to cut off the short-circuit current by the conventional “shutdown function”. However, in the case of a short circuit between the positive electrode and the external material or between the negative electrode and the external material, This measure was not enough.

On the other hand, in the case of the battery according to the present invention, the outermost layer of the laminate (positive electrode surface or negative electrode surface in contact with the exterior material) is made of a resin film. This can also be suppressed for a short circuit between the negative electrode and the exterior material.

In addition, the battery according to the present invention can reduce the amount of metal used compared to a battery having a conventional configuration in which the positive and negative electrode current collectors are made of metal foil. As a result, it is possible to reduce the cost by reducing the weight of the battery and reducing the amount of metal used.

These are the longitudinal cross-sectional views of the laminated type lithium ion secondary battery which concerns on this invention. These are longitudinal cross-sectional views which show the modification of the lithium ion secondary battery 10. FIG.

Hereinafter, detailed description will be given by taking as an example a configuration in which the present invention is applied to a stacked lithium ion secondary battery.

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a stacked lithium ion secondary battery according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, a lithium ion secondary battery 10 according to the present invention includes a laminate in which a positive electrode 2, a negative electrode 3, and a separator 4 are stacked in layers inside a conductive exterior material 1 (aluminum laminate). Have. In addition, in FIG. 1, the hatching which shows the cross section is abbreviate | omitted to the exterior material 1, the separator 4, and the

resin films

21 and 31 mentioned later.

The electrode structure of the lithium ion secondary battery 10 having the above-described components is as follows. A porous separator 4 is sandwiched between the positive electrode 2 and the negative electrode 3. And the above-mentioned laminated body is formed by laminating | stacking the positive electrode 2, the negative electrode 3, and the separator 4 in the inside of the exterior material 1. FIG. In the example of FIG. 1, three positive electrodes 2, four negative electrodes 3, and six separators 4 are stacked in the order shown. However, the number of stacked positive electrodes 2 and negative electrodes 3 is not limited to this, and it is sufficient that at least one positive electrode 2 and one negative electrode 3 are stacked as shown in the modification of FIG.

The separator 4 can be appropriately selected from, for example, electrically insulating synthetic resin fibers, glass fibers, nonwoven fabrics such as natural fibers, woven fabrics, or microporous membranes. Especially, nonwoven fabrics, such as polyethylene, a polypropylene, and polyester, and a microporous film can be conveniently used as the separator 4 from points, such as quality stability. Further, when the synthetic resin nonwoven fabric and the microporous membrane are used as the separator 4, when the lithium ion secondary battery 10 abnormally generates heat, the separator 4 is dissolved by heat, and between the positive electrode 2 and the negative electrode 3. It is possible to add a function of interrupting current, a so-called “shutdown function”. Therefore, from the viewpoint of safety, the synthetic resin nonwoven fabric and the microporous membrane can be suitably used as the separator 4.

The thickness of the separator 4 is not particularly limited as long as it has a thickness that can hold a necessary amount of electrolyte and can prevent a short circuit between the positive electrode 2 and the negative electrode 3. Good. For example, the thickness may be about 0.01 to 1 [mm], and preferably about 0.02 to 0.05 [mm].

Further, the material constituting the separator 4 is not particularly limited, but 1 to 500 [seconds / second] is ensured in order to secure the strength capable of preventing the internal short circuit of the battery while maintaining the internal resistance value of the battery small. It is preferable to use a material having an air permeability of about cm ³ ].

Further, the shape and size of the separator 4 are not particularly limited. For example, the shape may include various shapes such as a rectangle such as a square or a rectangle, a polygon, and a circle. Is preferably larger than the positive electrode 2 when laminated together with the positive electrode 2 and the negative electrode 3, and in particular, it is preferably a similar shape slightly larger than the positive electrode 2 and slightly smaller than the negative electrode 3.

Further, as the electrolyte contained in the lithium ion secondary battery 10, a non-aqueous electrolyte solution containing an organic solvent and an electrolyte salt is generally used.

Examples of the organic solvent include cyclic carbonates such as propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), and butylene carbonate; chain carbonates such as dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, and dipropyl carbonate; -Lactones such as butyrolactone and γ-valerolactone, furans such as tetrahydrofuran and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, ethers such as diethyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,2-diethoxyethane, ethoxymethoxyethane and dioxane Dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfolane, methyl sulfolane, acetonitrile, methyl formate, methyl acetate and the like. Two or more of these organic solvents may be mixed.

Examples of the electrolyte salt include lithium borofluoride (LiBF ₄ ), lithium phosphofluoride (LiPF ₆ ), lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiCF ₃ SO ₃ ), lithium trifluoroacetate (LiCF ₃ COO), and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid. Examples thereof include lithium salts such as imidolithium (LiN (CF ₃ SO ₂ ) ₂ ). Two or more of these electrolyte salts may be mixed.

It is also possible to use a gel electrolyte in which the above non-aqueous electrolyte is held in a polymer matrix or an electrolyte made of an ionic liquid.

Next, the structure of the laminate (particularly the electrode structure of the positive electrode 2 and the negative electrode 3) will be described. In the lithium ion secondary battery 10 according to the present invention, the laminate disposed inside the exterior material 1 is configured to have a resin film as the outermost layer.

More specifically, in the lithium ion secondary battery 10 according to the present invention, among the positive electrode 2 and the negative electrode 3 forming the laminated body, the one located on the outermost side of the laminated body (in the example of FIG. In the example of FIG. 2, the positive electrode 2 and the negative electrode 3) have a current collector made of a resin film in which a conductive layer is formed only on one side not facing the exterior material 1. What is located outside the outside is configured to have a current collector made of a resin film having conductive layers formed on both sides thereof. Hereinafter, this characteristic structure will be described in detail with reference to FIG.

As shown in FIG. 1, the three positive electrodes 2 forming the laminate are all located outside the outermost side of the laminate, and each collects a resin film 21 having conductive layers 22 formed on both sides thereof. It is an electric body. Further, out of the four negative electrodes 3 forming the laminate, two of the negative electrodes 3 other than the outermost side of the laminate are each made of a resin film 31 having a conductive layer 32 formed on both surfaces thereof as a current collector. In each of the two sheets located on the outermost side of the laminate, the resin film 31 in which the conductive layer 32 is formed only on one side not facing the exterior material 1 is used as a current collector.

Note that a method for forming the conductive layer 22 and the conductive layer 32 is not particularly limited, and methods such as vapor deposition, sputtering, plating, and lamination can be used. Further, aluminum is preferably used as the conductive material for forming the conductive layer 22 of the positive electrode 2, and copper or nickel is preferably used as the conductive material for forming the conductive layer 32 of the negative electrode 3. The thickness of the conductive layer 22 is preferably 0.3 [μm] or more in view of the load characteristics of the battery, and 6 [in consideration of reduction in the amount of conductive material used and the current characteristics of the battery. [mu] m] or less. The thickness of the conductive layer 32 is preferably 0.5 [μm] or more in view of the load characteristics of the battery, and 3 [μm] in view of the reduction in the amount of conductive material used and the current characteristics of the battery. The following is preferable.

The material of the resin film 21 and the resin film 31 is preferably a plastic material made of a thermoplastic resin. For example, a polyolefin resin such as polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP) having a heat deformation temperature of 150 ° C. or less, polystyrene (PS) Polyvinyl chloride and polyamide can be preferably used. Of these, polyolefin resins such as polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) and polyvinyl chloride having a heat shrinkage rate at 120 ° C. of 1.5% or more in either the vertical or horizontal direction are preferable. Moreover, these composite films and resin films obtained by subjecting these composite films to surface treatment can also be suitably used. A resin film made of the same material as the separator 13 can also be used.

The measurement of the heat shrinkage rate may be performed as follows. First, two points are provided on the resin film with an interval of 50 [mm] or more, and the distance between the two points is measured. Then, after heat-processing for 15 minutes at 120 degreeC, the distance between the same points is measured again, and a thermal contraction rate is calculated | required based on the measured value before and behind heat processing. Based on this method, measure the distance between three or more points in the longitudinal direction and lateral direction of the resin film, respectively, and calculate the average value of the thermal shrinkage calculated from each measurement result as the final thermal shrinkage of the resin film. Adopt as a rate. At this time, for each of the longitudinal direction and the lateral direction of the resin film, at least two points within 10% from the end of the resin film and one point around 50% from the end of the resin film are measured for the distance between the points. It should be selected as a point.

About the thickness of the resin film 21 and the resin film 31, it is desirable to set it as 5 [micrometers] or more and 50 [micrometers] or less in order to balance the energy density improvement and intensity maintenance as a secondary battery. About the manufacturing method of the resin film 21 and the resin film 31, you may employ | adopt any methods, such as uniaxial stretching, biaxial stretching, or non-stretching. The electrode size is preferably smaller than the A3 size in order to maintain the current characteristics of the battery.

In the positive electrode 2 configured as described above, a positive electrode active material layer (positive electrode mixture layer) 23 containing a positive electrode active material is formed on the conductive layer 22. In the negative electrode 3 having the above-described configuration, a negative electrode active material layer (negative electrode mixture layer) 33 containing a negative electrode active material is formed on the conductive layer 32.

In addition, as a positive electrode active material, the oxide containing lithium is mentioned. Specific examples include LiCoO ₂ , LiNiO ₂ , LiFeO ₂ , LiMnO ₂ , LiMn ₂ O ₄ , and those obtained by partially replacing the transition metal of these positive electrode active materials with other metal elements. In addition, if it is possible to use 80% or more of the lithium content of the positive electrode active material in the battery reaction in normal use, the problem due to overcharging can be solved and the safety of the battery can be improved. It becomes possible. Examples of such a positive electrode active material include those having a spinel structure such as LiMn ₂ O ₄ and olivine represented by LiMPO ₄ (M is at least one element selected from Co, Ni, Mn, and Fe). Examples include a positive electrode material having a structure. Especially, the positive electrode active material using Mn and Fe is preferable from a viewpoint of cost.

Further, a more preferable positive electrode active material includes LiFePO ₄ from the viewpoints of safety and charging voltage. Normally, when the temperature rises in the battery, the positive electrode active material releases oxygen along with this, so that the electrolyte solution burns and generates more intense heat generation. However, LiFePO ₄ has a strong share of all oxygen. Since it is bonded to phosphorus by bonding, even when the temperature rises in the battery, oxygen is hardly released, which is preferable from the viewpoint of safety. Moreover, since LiFePO ₄ contains phosphorus, it can be expected to have a flame-extinguishing action.

Furthermore, LiFePO ₄ has a charging voltage of about 3.5 [V], and charging is almost completed at 3.8 [V]. Therefore, there is a little margin to the voltage level that causes decomposition of the electrolytic solution. Therefore, if LiFePO ₄ is used as the positive electrode active material, charging can be performed without causing decomposition of the electrolytic solution by increasing the charging voltage to an appropriate level even if there is polarization of the electrode in the specified load characteristics. Become. On the other hand, when a positive electrode active material whose charging voltage reaches 4 [V] or higher is used, if the charging voltage is further increased, the electrolytic solution is likely to be decomposed. For this reason, when the polarization is large as described above, if the charging voltage is further increased and charging is performed, cycle characteristics may be affected, which is not preferable.

In addition, since the voltage of LiFePO ₄ rises sharply at the end of charging, it is very easy to detect the fully charged state, and even when an assembled battery is used, the accuracy of voltage detection is not so required. There are also advantages.

On the other hand, as the negative electrode active material, natural graphite, particulate (scalar or lump, fiber, whisker, spherical, crushed, etc.) artificial graphite, mesocarbon microbeads, mesophase pitch powder, isotropic pitch, etc. Examples thereof include highly crystalline graphite typified by graphitized products such as powder, non-graphitizable carbon such as resin-fired charcoal, and the like, and two or more thereof may be mixed. In addition, an alloy material having a large capacity such as a tin oxide or a silicon-based negative electrode active material may be used.

As described above, in the lithium ion secondary battery 10 according to the present invention, the laminate disposed in the exterior material 1 has a resin film (in the example of FIG. A resin film 31) for forming an electric body is provided.

More specifically, in the lithium ion secondary battery 10 according to the present invention, of the positive electrode 2 and the negative electrode 3 that form the laminate, the negative electrode 3 located on the outermost side of the laminate does not face the exterior material 1. The resin film 31 having the conductive layer 32 formed only on one side is used as a current collector. In addition, what is necessary is just to produce about the exposed surface of the resin film 31 by performing a patterning in the formation process of the conductive layer 32. As a patterning method, a generally used method such as a method using a mask can be used.

Thus, in the lithium ion secondary battery 10 according to the present invention, the non-conductive resin film 31 is interposed between the exterior material 1 and the conductive layer 32 of the negative electrode 3. Accordingly, unlike the conventional configuration in which the current collector is formed of a metal foil, the exterior material 1 can be used even when the insulation treatment layer of the exterior material 1 has an abnormality or a scratch, or foreign matter is mixed during manufacturing. Therefore, it is possible to prevent an internal short circuit between the negative electrode 3 and the negative electrode 3, thereby greatly contributing to an improvement in battery safety.

In addition, the lithium ion secondary battery 10 according to the present invention can reduce the amount of metal used compared to a battery having a conventional configuration in which the current collectors of the positive electrode 2 and the negative electrode 3 are made of metal foil. As a result, it is possible to reduce the cost by reducing the weight of the battery and reducing the amount of metal used.

In the above embodiment, the configuration in which the present invention is applied to a stacked lithium ion secondary battery has been described in detail, but the application target of the present invention is not limited to this, The present invention can be widely applied to all types of stacked batteries.

Further, the configuration of the present invention can be variously modified within the scope of the invention in addition to the above embodiment.

For example, in the said embodiment, although demonstrated taking the example of the structure which used the

resin films

21 and 31 for both the positive electrode 2 and the negative electrode 3, the structure of this invention is not limited to this, it is laminated | stacked. A resin film may be used only for the electrode located on the outermost side of the body, and a conventional metal foil may be used for the rest.

In the following, examples and comparative examples will be given, and the actions and effects of the present invention will be specifically described by comparing them. However, the technical scope of the present invention is not limited by these examples and comparative examples. Is not to be done.

Example 1
In this example, a copper conductive layer (thickness 1 [μm]) as a negative electrode current collector metal was deposited on one side of a polyethylene film (heat shrinkage rate 9.8%) having a thickness of 25 [μm] by vacuum deposition. A negative electrode material (active material: polyvinylidene fluoride (hereinafter referred to as PVDF) = 90: 10 (weight ratio)) having a natural graphite as a negative electrode active material is formed on it with a single-side thickness of 70 [μm]. The two negative electrodes were obtained by coating. Next, an aluminum conductive layer (thickness 1 [μm]), which is a positive electrode current collector metal, is formed on both surfaces of a polyethylene film (heat shrinkage rate 9.8%) having a thickness of 20 [μm] by vacuum deposition. Further, a positive electrode material (active material: acetylene black: PVDF = 90: 5: 5 (weight ratio)) having a spinel structure LiMn ₂ O ₄ as a positive electrode active material is applied on both sides with a thickness of 90 [μm] on one side. Thus, one positive electrode was obtained. A nickel negative electrode lead for taking out current to the external circuit was attached to the obtained negative electrode by welding. Similarly, a positive electrode lead made of aluminum was attached to the positive electrode. Next, a separator made of a polypropylene porous film having a thickness of 25 [μm] and a porosity of 65% is placed on the negative electrode material application surface of the negative electrode, and the positive electrode lead is not in contact with the negative electrode lead. And then stack the separator on it so that the negative electrode application surface is on the separator side, and finally fix the laminate with Kapton tape so that it does not shift. A power generation element was obtained. The obtained power generation element is put in an aluminum laminate film in which both surfaces of an aluminum foil are laminated with a resin film, and a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate (EC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) (EC: DMC = 30: 70 (volume ratio)). An electrolyte solution 25 [ml] in which LiPF ₆ was dissolved to 1 [mol / L] was injected into the container and sealed to obtain a lithium ion secondary battery. The aluminum laminate film was sealed by heat-sealing all sides with a heat sealer. The battery size was 400 [mm] × 250 [mm], the thickness was 1 [mm], and the battery capacity was 4 [Ah].

(Example 2)
In this example, a lithium ion secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that copper foil was used as the conductive layer formed on the negative electrode resin film. The size of the battery was 400 [mm] × 250 [mm], the thickness was 1 [mm], and the capacity of the battery was 4 [Ah].

(Example 3)
In this example, a lithium ion secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that an aluminum foil was used as the conductive layer formed on the positive electrode resin film. The size of the battery was 400 [mm] × 250 [mm], the thickness was 1 [mm], and the capacity of the battery was 4 [Ah].

Example 4
In this example, a copper conductive layer (thickness 1 [μm]) as a negative electrode current collector metal was vacuum-deposited on one side of a polyvinyl chloride film (heat shrinkage rate 1.8%) having a thickness of 20 [μm]. The negative electrode material (active material: PVDF = 90: 10 (weight ratio)) using artificial graphite as a negative electrode active material was applied on the single-sided thickness of 70 [μm] to obtain two negative electrodes. . Next, an aluminum conductive layer (thickness: 1 μm), which is a positive electrode current collector metal, is formed on both surfaces of a 20 μm-thick polyvinyl chloride film (heat shrinkage rate 1.8%), and olivine is formed thereon. A positive electrode material (active material: acetylene black: PVDF = 85: 10: 5 (weight ratio)) having a single-side thickness of 80 [μm] on one side and a positive electrode using a type of lithium iron phosphate as a positive electrode active material Obtained. A nickel negative electrode lead for taking out current to the external circuit was attached to the obtained negative electrode by welding. Similarly, a positive electrode lead made of aluminum was attached to the positive electrode. Next, a polyester non-woven fabric separator having a thickness of 25 [μm] and a porosity of 58% is placed on the negative electrode material application surface of the negative electrode, and the positive electrode is placed thereon so that the positive electrode lead does not contact the negative electrode lead. Then, put the separator on it, put it on it so that the coated surface of the negative electrode is on the separator side, and finally fix it with Kapton tape so that the laminate does not shift Got the element. The obtained power generation element is put in an aluminum can, and LiPF ₆ becomes 1 [mol / L] in a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate (EC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC) (EC: DEC = 30: 70 (volume ratio)). The electrolyte solution 25 [ml] dissolved in this manner was injected, and the lid with a safety valve was laser welded to obtain a lithium ion secondary battery. The size of the battery was 400 [mm] × 250 [mm], the thickness was 2 [mm], and the capacity of the battery was 4 [Ah].

(Example 5)
In this example, a copper conductive layer (thickness 1 [μm]) as a negative electrode current collector metal was deposited on one side of a polyethylene film (heat shrinkage rate 9.8%) having a thickness of 25 [μm] by vacuum deposition. Then, a negative electrode material (active material: PVDF = 90: 10 (weight ratio)) using hard carbon as a negative electrode active material was applied thereon with a thickness of 70 [μm] on one side to obtain two negative electrodes. Next, an aluminum conductive layer (thickness 1 [μm]) as a positive electrode current collector metal is formed on both surfaces of a 20 [μm] polypropylene film (heat shrinkage ratio 1.5%) by vacuum deposition. Further, a positive electrode material (active material: acetylene black: PVDF = 90: 5: 5 (weight ratio)) having LiMn ₂ O ₄ having a spinel structure as a positive electrode active material is formed on both sides with a thickness of 90 [μm] on one side. Application was performed to obtain one positive electrode. A nickel negative electrode lead for taking out current to the external circuit was attached to the obtained negative electrode by welding. Similarly, a positive electrode lead made of aluminum was attached to the positive electrode. Next, a polyester non-woven fabric separator having a thickness of 25 [μm] and a porosity of 58% is placed on the negative electrode material application surface of the negative electrode, and the positive electrode is placed thereon so that the positive electrode lead does not contact the negative electrode lead. Then, the separator is placed on top of it and laminated so that the negative electrode application surface is on the separator side. Finally, the laminate is fixed with Kapton tape so that the laminate does not shift. Got. The obtained power generation element was put in an aluminum laminate film in which both surfaces of an aluminum foil were laminated with a resin film, and a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate (EC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC) (EC: DEC = 30: 70 (volume ratio)). ) Was injected with an electrolyte solution 25 [ml] in which LiPF ₆ was dissolved to 1 [mol / L], and sealed to obtain a lithium ion secondary battery. The aluminum laminate film was sealed by heat-sealing all sides with a heat sealer. The size of the battery was 400 [mm] × 250 [mm], the thickness was 1 [mm], and the capacity of the battery was 4 [Ah].

(Example 6)
In this example, a copper conductive layer (thickness 1 [μm]) as a negative electrode current collector metal was deposited on one side of a polyethylene film (heat shrinkage rate 9.8%) having a thickness of 25 [μm] by vacuum deposition. Then, a negative electrode material (active material: PVDF = 90: 10 (weight ratio)) using natural graphite as a negative electrode active material was applied thereon with a single-side thickness of 70 [μm] to obtain two negative electrodes. Next, an aluminum conductive layer (thickness 1 [μm]) as a positive electrode current collector metal is formed on both surfaces of a 20 [μm] polyethylene film (thermal shrinkage 9.8%) by vacuum deposition, On top of that, a positive electrode material (active material: acetylene black: PVDF = 90: 5: 5 (weight ratio)) having LiCoO ₂ having a spinel structure as a positive electrode active material was applied on both sides with a thickness of 90 [μm] on one side. One positive electrode was obtained. A nickel negative electrode lead for taking out current to the external circuit was attached to the obtained negative electrode by welding. Similarly, a positive electrode lead made of aluminum was attached to the positive electrode. Next, a polyester nonwoven fabric film separator having a thickness of 25 [μm] and a porosity of 65% is placed on the negative electrode material application surface of the negative electrode, and the positive electrode is placed on the negative electrode lead so that the positive electrode lead does not contact the negative electrode lead. Place the separator on it, place it on top of it so that the negative electrode application surface is on the separator side, and finally fix it with Kapton tape so that the laminate does not slip out. Got. The obtained power generation element is put in an aluminum can, and LiPF _{6 is set} to 1 [mol / L] in a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate (EC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) (EC: DMC = 50: 50 (volume ratio)). An electrolyte solution 25 [ml] dissolved as described above was injected, and a lid with a safety valve was laser welded to obtain a lithium ion secondary battery. The size of the battery was 400 [mm] × 250 [mm], the thickness was 1 [mm], and the capacity of the battery was 4 [Ah].

(Example 7)
In this example, a copper conductive layer (thickness 1 [μm]) as a negative electrode current collector metal was vacuum-deposited on one side of a polyvinyl chloride film (heat shrinkage rate 1.8%) having a thickness of 20 [μm]. The negative electrode material (active material: PVDF = 90: 10 (weight ratio)) using artificial graphite as a negative electrode active material was applied on the single-sided thickness of 70 [μm] to obtain two negative electrodes. . Next, an aluminum conductive layer (thickness 1 [μm]), which is a positive electrode current collector metal, is formed on both surfaces of a 20 [μm] polyvinyl chloride film (heat shrinkage 1.8%) by vacuum deposition. A positive electrode material (active material: acetylene black: PVDF = 90: 5: 5 (weight ratio)) having olivine type lithium iron phosphate as a positive electrode active material is formed on both sides with a thickness of 90 [μm] on one side. Application was performed to obtain one positive electrode. A nickel negative electrode lead for taking out current to the external circuit was attached to the obtained negative electrode by welding. Similarly, a positive electrode lead made of aluminum was attached to the positive electrode. Next, a polyester nonwoven fabric film separator having a thickness of 25 [μm] and a porosity of 65% is placed on the negative electrode material application surface of the negative electrode, and the positive electrode is placed on the negative electrode lead so that the positive electrode lead does not contact the negative electrode lead. Place the separator on top of it, place it on top of it so that the negative electrode application surface is on the separator side, and finally fix the laminate with Kapton tape to prevent power generation. Got the element. The obtained power generation element was put in an aluminum laminate film in which both surfaces of an aluminum foil were laminated with a resin film, and a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate (EC) and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) (EC: EMC = 50: 50 (volume ratio)). ) Was injected with an electrolyte solution 25 [ml] in which LiPF ₆ was dissolved to 1 [mol / L], and sealed to obtain a lithium ion secondary battery. The aluminum laminate film was sealed by heat-sealing all sides with a heat sealer. The size of the battery was 400 [mm] × 250 [mm], the thickness was 1 [mm], and the capacity of the battery was 4 [Ah].

(Example 8)
In this example, the type of the negative electrode conductive layer film and the separator was changed from the condition of Example (3), and one side of a 20 μm-thick polypropylene film (heat shrinkage rate 1.5%). A copper conductive layer (thickness 0.3 [μm]), which is a negative electrode current collector metal, is formed by vacuum deposition + plating, and a negative electrode material using natural graphite as a negative electrode active material (active material: PVDF) = 90: 10 (weight ratio)) was applied at a thickness of one side of 70 [μm] to obtain two negative electrodes. Next, a positive electrode material (active material: acetylene black: PVDF = 90: 5: 5 (weight ratio)) using LiMn ₂ O ₄ having a spinel structure as a positive electrode active material on an aluminum foil having a thickness of 20 [μm] is provided on one side. A positive electrode was obtained by coating on both sides with a thickness of 80 [μm]. A nickel negative electrode lead for taking out current to the external circuit was attached to the obtained negative electrode by welding. Similarly, a positive electrode lead made of aluminum was attached to the positive electrode. Next, a polyester nonwoven fabric film separator having a thickness of 25 [μm] and a porosity of 65% is placed on the negative electrode material application surface of the negative electrode, and the positive electrode is placed on the negative electrode lead so that the positive electrode lead does not contact the negative electrode lead. Place the separator on top of it, place it on top of it so that the negative electrode application surface is on the separator side, and finally fix the laminate with Kapton tape to prevent power generation. Got the element. The obtained power generation element is put in an aluminum laminate film in which both surfaces of an aluminum foil are laminated with a resin film, and a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate (EC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) (EC: DMC = 30: 70 (volume ratio)). An electrolyte solution 25 [ml] in which LiPF ₆ was dissolved to 1 [mol / L] was injected into the container and sealed to obtain a lithium ion secondary battery. The aluminum laminate film was sealed by heat-sealing all sides with a heat sealer. The battery size was 400 [mm] × 250 [mm], the thickness was 1 [mm], and the battery capacity was 4 [Ah].

Example 9
In this example, a lithium ion secondary battery was produced by the same method as in Example (8) except for the thickness of the negative electrode conductive layer. The film thickness of the negative electrode conductive layer was 0.5 [μm]. The size of the battery was 400 [mm] × 250 [mm], the thickness was 1 [mm], and the capacity of the battery was 4 [Ah].

(Example 10)
In this example, a lithium ion secondary battery was produced by the same method as in Example (8) except for the thickness of the negative electrode conductive layer. The film thickness of the negative electrode conductive layer was 1.0 [μm]. The size of the battery was 400 [mm] × 250 [mm], the thickness was 1 [mm], and the capacity of the battery was 4 [Ah].

Example 11
In this example, a lithium ion secondary battery was produced by the same method as in Example (8) except for the thickness of the negative electrode conductive layer. The film thickness of the negative electrode conductive layer was 2.0 [μm]. The size of the battery was 400 [mm] × 250 [mm], the thickness was 1 [mm], and the capacity of the battery was 4 [Ah].

(Example 12)
In this example, a lithium ion secondary battery was produced by the same method as in Example (8) except for the thickness of the negative electrode conductive layer. The film thickness of the negative electrode conductive layer was 3.0 [μm]. The size of the battery was 400 [mm] × 250 [mm], the thickness was 1 [mm], and the capacity of the battery was 4 [Ah].

(Example 13)
In this example, a lithium ion secondary battery was produced by the same method as in Example (8) except for the thickness of the negative electrode conductive layer. The film thickness of the negative electrode conductive layer was 4.0 [μm]. The size of the battery was 400 [mm] × 250 [mm], the thickness was 1 [mm], and the capacity of the battery was 4 [Ah].

(Comparative Example 1)
In this comparative example, a negative electrode material (active material: PVDF = 90: 10 (weight ratio)) using natural graphite as a negative electrode active material is applied on a copper foil having a thickness of 12 [μm] with a thickness of 69 [μm] on one side. As a result, two negative electrodes were obtained. Next, a positive electrode material (active material: acetylene black: PVDF = 90: 5: 5 (weight ratio)) using LiMn ₂ O ₄ having a spinel structure as a positive electrode active material on an aluminum foil having a thickness of 20 [μm]. A single positive electrode was obtained by coating on both sides with a thickness of 80 [μm] on one side. A nickel negative electrode lead for taking out current to the external circuit was attached to the obtained negative electrode by welding. Similarly, a positive electrode lead made of aluminum was attached to the positive electrode. Next, a polyethylene separator having a thickness of 25 [μm] and a porosity of 65% is placed on the negative electrode material application surface of the negative electrode, and the positive electrode is placed thereon so that the positive electrode lead does not contact the negative electrode lead. Then, a separator is placed thereon, and the laminate is placed so that the negative electrode coating surface is on the separator side. Finally, the power generation element is fixed with Kapton tape so that the laminate does not shift. Obtained. The obtained power generation element was put in an aluminum laminate film obtained by laminating both surfaces of an aluminum foil with a resin film, and a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate (EC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) (EC: DMC = 30: 70 (volume ratio)). ) Was injected with an electrolyte solution 25 [ml] in which LiPF ₆ was dissolved to 1 [mol / L], and sealed to obtain a lithium ion secondary battery. The aluminum laminate film was sealed by heat-sealing all sides with a heat sealer. The battery size was 400 [mm] × 250 [mm], the thickness was 1 [mm], and the battery capacity was 4 [Ah].

(Comparative Example 2)
In this comparative example, a negative electrode material (active material: PVDF = 90: 10 (weight ratio)) using artificial graphite as a negative electrode active material is applied on a copper foil having a thickness of 12 [μm] at a thickness of 69 [μm] on one side. As a result, two negative electrodes were obtained. Next, a positive electrode material (active material: acetylene black: PVDF = 85: 10: 5 (weight ratio)) using olivine type lithium iron phosphate as a positive electrode active material on an aluminum foil having a thickness of 20 [μm] has a single-side thickness. One positive electrode was obtained by applying to both sides at 80 [μm]. A nickel negative electrode lead for taking out current to the external circuit was attached to the obtained negative electrode by welding. Similarly, a positive electrode lead made of aluminum was attached to the positive electrode. Next, a polyethylene separator having a thickness of 25 [μm] and a porosity of 65% is placed on the negative electrode material application surface of the negative electrode, and the positive electrode is placed thereon so that the positive electrode lead does not contact the negative electrode lead. Then, a separator is placed thereon, and the laminate is placed so that the negative electrode coating surface is on the separator side. Finally, the power generation element is fixed with Kapton tape so that the laminate does not shift. Obtained. The obtained power generation element is put in an aluminum can, and LiPF _{6 is set} to 1 [mol / L] in a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate (EC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) (EC: DMC = 30: 70 (volume ratio)). An electrolyte solution 25 [ml] dissolved as described above was injected, and a lid with a safety valve was laser welded to obtain a lithium ion secondary battery. The size of the battery was 400 [mm] × 250 [mm], the thickness was 1 [mm], and the capacity of the battery was 4 [Ah].

The internal short circuit test and the vibration test were performed on the lithium ion secondary batteries prepared in Examples (1) to (7) and Comparative Examples (1) and (2), respectively. In the internal short circuit test, each battery was fully charged (4.2 [V]), and a nail penetration test of each battery was performed using a nail having a diameter of 2 [mm] and a length of 10 [cm]. In the vibration test, each battery is fully charged, and the frequency is 5 to 200 to 5 [Hz] and the acceleration peak is 1 to 3 in three axis directions (x axis direction, y axis direction, z axis direction), respectively. A test was performed in which vibration was applied for 15 minutes × 12 times (9 hours in total) under the condition of 8 to 1 [gn].

The results of the above internal short circuit test and vibration test are shown in Table 1 below.

For the batteries of Examples (8) to (13), in addition to the internal short circuit test described above, a charge / discharge test was performed in a constant temperature bath at 25 ° C. under the conditions shown in Table 2 below.

Table 3 below shows the results of the internal short circuit test and the charge / discharge test for the batteries of Examples (8) to (13).

In the internal short circuit test, the surface temperatures of the batteries prepared in Examples 1 to 3, Example 5, and Examples 8 to 13, respectively, were 40 to 50 ° C., and were prepared in Examples 4 and 7, respectively. The surface temperature of the battery was 30 to 40 ° C., and the surface temperature of the battery prepared in Example 6 was 80 to 90 ° C. In contrast, the surface temperature of the battery prepared in Comparative Example 1 was 250 ° C. or higher, and the surface temperature of the battery prepared in Comparative Example 2 was 90 to 100 ° C. As can be seen by comparing these, the surface temperature of the battery according to the present invention was lower than that of the battery of the conventional configuration. In the battery prepared in Comparative Example 1, the aluminum laminate of the exterior material swelled in the internal short-circuit test, and the sealing portion burst and ignited.

As for the vibration test, no short circuit occurred in all the batteries prepared in Examples 1 to 7. On the other hand, a short circuit occurred in the battery prepared in Comparative Example 2.

From the above results, the lithium ion secondary battery according to the present invention is a safe battery that does not ignite even when a nail is pierced, and also has an effect of preventing a short circuit caused by vibration. It turned out to play.

Further, for the charge / discharge test, it was confirmed that the current characteristics of the battery having a negative electrode conductive layer thickness of less than 0.5 [μm] deteriorated. From the above results, it was found that a lithium ion secondary battery having a negative electrode conductive layer thickness of 0.5 [μm] or more has excellent current characteristics while maintaining safety.

The present invention is a useful technique for improving the safety, weight reduction, and cost reduction of a stacked battery (for example, a lithium ion secondary battery).

10 Lithium ion secondary battery 1 Exterior material (aluminum laminate)
2 Positive electrode 3 Negative electrode 4

Separator

21, 31

Resin film

22, 32

Conductive layer

23, 33 Active material layer (mixture layer)

Claims

A battery comprising a laminate in which a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator are stacked in layers inside a conductive exterior material,
The battery is characterized in that the laminate has a resin film as its outermost layer.
Among the positive electrode and the negative electrode, the one located on the outermost side of the laminate is a current collector made of a resin film in which a conductive layer is formed only on one side not facing the exterior material. The battery according to claim 1.
2. The positive electrode and the negative electrode, which are located outside the outermost side of the laminate, have a current collector made of a resin film having conductive layers formed on both sides thereof. The battery described.
3. The positive electrode and the negative electrode, which are located outside the outermost side of the laminate, have a current collector made of a resin film having a conductive layer formed on both surfaces thereof. The battery described.
The resin film according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the resin film is made of a thermoplastic resin having a thermal shrinkage rate at 120 ° C of 1.5% or more in either the vertical or horizontal direction. battery.
The battery according to claim 5, wherein the resin film is made of a polyolefin resin, polyvinyl chloride, or a composite material thereof.