WO2010094884A2 - Procede de capture d'oxyde de carbone en vue d'un stockage ultérieur - Google Patents
Procede de capture d'oxyde de carbone en vue d'un stockage ultérieur Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010094884A2 WO2010094884A2 PCT/FR2010/050261 FR2010050261W WO2010094884A2 WO 2010094884 A2 WO2010094884 A2 WO 2010094884A2 FR 2010050261 W FR2010050261 W FR 2010050261W WO 2010094884 A2 WO2010094884 A2 WO 2010094884A2
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/1493—Selection of liquid materials for use as absorbents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/1456—Removing acid components
- B01D53/1475—Removing carbon dioxide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/62—Carbon oxides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2252/00—Absorbents, i.e. solvents and liquid materials for gas absorption
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2252/00—Absorbents, i.e. solvents and liquid materials for gas absorption
- B01D2252/40—Absorbents explicitly excluding the presence of water
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/207—Transition metals
- B01D2255/20707—Titanium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/207—Transition metals
- B01D2255/20715—Zirconium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
- B01D2257/502—Carbon monoxide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
- B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
- B01D2258/0233—Other waste gases from cement factories
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
- Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
- Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for capturing carbon oxides (carbon monoxide and dioxide), and in particular for recovering carbon oxides from an industrial plant and more particularly a CO 2 capture process content in a gas stream for storing this CO 2 .
- the process according to the invention is particularly suitable for the recovery of carbon oxides, preferably carbon dioxide, when they are recovered from a gas at a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure, for storage.
- a gas is typically a synthesis gas produced by coal gasification or by reforming natural gas, whether or not followed by a so-called "water gas” reaction.
- Carbon oxides, and in particular carbon dioxide, are removed from the gas in question in order either to use hydrogen as fuel or to use a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, either to synthesize methanol, to manufacture fuels, or for any other use where synthesis gas is used.
- Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is part of the composition of greenhouse gases (GHGs) that are known to be involved in global warming.
- GHGs greenhouse gases
- the Kyoto Protocol obliges the signatory developed countries to reduce their GHG emissions by an average of 5.2% over the 2008-2012 period.
- IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on climate Change
- global emissions by 2050 should be reduced by more than half, and for some countries, such as France, this translates into a factor of four emissions.
- the CO 2 content in the atmosphere was 280 ppm in the early nineteenth century and is 370 ppm today with an increase of 60 ppm over the last 50 years.
- the atmosphere today contains about 700 Gt of CO 2 .
- the CO 2 resides in the atmosphere over a long period of time. It dissolves slowly in the oceans and contributes to their acidification. It is estimated that between 30% and 50% of all CO 2 emitted by anthropogenic emissions has been trapped by the oceans.
- the first way is the afterburner, which consists in taking the CO 2 at the flue gas rejected in the chimney.
- the gases escaping from a thermal power plant consist of nitrogen, CO 2 and NOx impurities or SO 2 .
- the CO 2 content is 12% to 15% for a coal-fired power station and 6 to 8% for a gas-fired power plant. In some chemical processes, such as cement manufacture, the CO 2 content can rise up to 30%.
- the pressure of these gaseous effluents is close to atmospheric pressure.
- Postcombustion capture aims to extract the diluted CO 2 and can integrate with existing facilities, through a re-design of the entire unit.
- the second possible route is pre-combustion, whose objective is to capture CO 2 during the fuel manufacturing process.
- the fuel coal, gas, biomass
- the technique used is either steam reforming in the presence of water or oxidation partial in the presence of oxygen.
- CO present in the mixture, reacts with water to form CO 2 and hydrogen (so-called "water gas” reaction).
- CO 2 present at 25% to 40%, is then separated from hydrogen, which can be used to produce energy without CO 2 emissions.
- the third way, oxycombustion uses pure oxygen as oxidant. This technology is not strictly speaking a capture of CO 2 . It is about producing a smoke concentrated to 90% in CO 2 by carrying out a combustion with practically pure oxygen.
- Chemical absorption is the most commonly used method in post-combustion. Chemical absorption consists of the capture of CO 2 by a chemical solvent, which generally comprises amines. The use of amines is indeed known for a long time in deacidification of gases. Natural gases rich in H 2 S and / or CO 2 are thus treated.
- chemical solvent is meant a solvent which has a chemical interaction (reactivity) and a strong affinity with CO 2 .
- the enriched solvent is then directed to a regenerator.
- the apparatus is heated to 120 ° C. in order to break the bonds between the CO 2 and the solvent.
- the CO 2 is then isolated and transported to its place of storage.
- the solvent, returned to its original form (so-called "depleted” solvent), is reinjected into the absorber with the fumes to be treated.
- amines capable of constituting a chemical solvent: primary amine, secondary and tertiary.
- Mono-ethanolamine MEA
- MEA Mono-ethanolamine
- AMP 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol
- PE 2-piperidine-ethanol
- the Banfield process involves trapping CO 2 with potassium or sodium salts.
- Potassium carbonate in solution at 20-40% and pressures of 2 to 3 MPa are conventionally used.
- the main disadvantage of these inorganic compounds is that they can release sodium and / or potassium into the product gas.
- Ammonia can also trap CO 2 .
- it is likely to capture more CO 2 per kg of active ingredient and to present an easier regeneration than MEA ("Ammonia process for Simultaneous reduction of CO 2 , SO 2 and NO x ", Yeh, J. T , et al., 19 th Annual International Pittsburgh Coal Conference, Pittsburgh, (2002), Paper 45-1.)
- Ammonia poses problems because of its volatility.
- physical absorption is the best how to recover CO 2 , given the very different pressures (ranging from 2.5 to 50 MPa) compared to those observed in post-combustion.
- Physical absorption uses physical solvents.
- physical solvent is meant a solvent which has a moderate chemical interaction with CO 2 .
- the disadvantages and advantages are the opposite of those of chemical solvents.
- the solvent's capacity follows a Henry's law for ideal gas mixtures while in chemical absorption, the solvent's capacity is not linear with the pressure ("Gas cleaning for advanced coal based power generation", Thambimuthu, K., (1993), IEA Coal Research, London Report No. IEACR / 53).
- the choice of a technology depends on many factors: partial pressure of CO 2 , percentage of CO 2 to recover, sensitivity to impurities, presence of particles, cost of additives to minimize corrosion and fouling.
- the Lurgi Rectisol ® process employs methanol at -40 ° C. and the number of re-compression stages for the regeneration is high; this makes this process a very energetic consumer.
- Hybrid absorption is used for processes combining chemical and physical solvents.
- the advantage of the hybrid processes is revealed when the gas to be treated is at high pressure.
- the substitution under these conditions of a part of the chemical solvent by a physical solvent makes it possible overall to reduce the energy costs of the regeneration without drastically reducing the absorption capacity.
- energy costs of regeneration of a hybrid solvent are significantly higher (depending on the level of chemical solvent in the mixture) than for a pure physical solvent.
- cryogenics this technology is used for CO 2 rich flux but does not seem suitable for contents less than 50% and remains an expensive technique.
- the "membrane" pathway based either on polymers or on ceramics, is of interest for large fluxes but does not easily achieve very high CO 2 capture rates. It could nonetheless be used in addition to the other techniques mentioned above.
- the capture, transport and storage of a tonne of CO 2 represent a cost of between 60 and 70 euros, of which 50% to 60% are devoted to the capture phase.
- the carbon dioxide After capture, the carbon dioxide is generally dehydrated and compressed, to be transported to its storage location.
- the main challenge for the storage is deployed on a large scale is to reduce the energy consumption of the processes.
- an experiment is being conducted in Denmark to try to reduce the cost of capture below 30 euros.
- a first storage technology consists of the injection of CO 2 into the oceans.
- Several methods are cited in the literature: - injection in gaseous form at shallow depths, which presents a great risk of rise and diffusion in the atmosphere;
- a second storage technology consists of the injection of CO 2 into the geological formations. The inventory of the storage sites has already started and concerns the oil and gas fields that have been extinguished, the coal seams that have been completed and the deep aquifers. There are also storage techniques by terrestrial ecosystems, chemical and biochemical storage.
- the main challenge for storage to be deployed on a large scale is to reduce the energy consumption of existing capture processes.
- the capture, transport and storage of one ton of CO 2 cost between 60 and 70 euros, 70% of which is spent on the capture phase.
- CO 2 capture techniques are more suitable for large and concentrated emission sources than for low flux sources. This is why the capture of CO 2 with the existing processes described above is only practicable in thermal power plants, cement plants, refineries, fertilizer production plants, steel plants, petrochemicals, where the production CO 2 is concentrated.
- Some solvents of the prior art have a high viscosity which leads to higher energy costs for the circulation of the solvent and makes the regeneration step more difficult by slowing the speed of the gas to desorption.
- the literature provides examples of CO 2 insertion in organometallic complexes. The interaction with the metal centers is done by three mechanisms: acid Lewis site on carbon (MC), the Lewis base site on one of the oxygens (MO) and the interaction of the metal with a double bond of CO 2 . Insertions are observed in the metal-H, metal-C, metal-0 and metal-N bonds, as described in Advances in Organometallic chemistry, vol. 22, Stone, FGA and West, R. (1983), Academy Press).
- the present invention therefore aims to provide a method for capturing oxides of carbon, carbon monoxide and / or carbon dioxide, in particular CO 2 , to meet many of these disadvantages, using solvents having improved absorption capabilities of said carbon oxides, accelerated absorption kinetics, high boiling point, low vapor pressure, moderate viscosity, among others, and which are readily accessible, it is that is, the synthesis allows moderate to low manufacturing costs.
- the present invention also aims to provide a method for capturing oxides of carbon, carbon monoxide and / or carbon dioxide, in particular CO 2 , which uses a solvent of low corrosivity and resistant to degradation, and which has a lower energy expenditure for the regeneration of the solvent.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a process for recovering oxides of carbon, carbon monoxide and / or carbon dioxide, in particular CO 2 , which consumes less energy and which is less expensive (cost of investment and operating) than current processes for recovering said carbon oxides.
- certain solvents comprising organometallic compounds have a capacity for absorption of carbon oxides, such as CO and / or CO 2 , preferably CO 2 , and a capacity for regeneration distinctly. higher than those of the physical or chemical solvents commonly used in the processes for recovering said carbon oxides.
- the present invention relates to a process for capturing carbon oxides, monoxide and / or carbon dioxide (CO and / or CO 2 ) contained in a gas stream, in which the flow The gas is contacted with a solvent comprising at least one organometallic compound such that said solvent captures CO and / or CO 2 to form an enriched solvent.
- the present invention particularly relates to the use of said capture process in post-combustion or pre-combustion processes.
- the present invention relates to a method for capturing carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) contained in a gas stream.
- the present invention also relates to a process for capturing and / or recovering carbon dioxide.
- oxides of carbon, CO and / or CO 2 , preferably CO 2 , of an industrial plant comprising:
- the present invention relates to a method for capturing and / or recovering carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) contained in a gas stream. More specifically, the subject of the present invention is a process for capturing monoxide and / or carbon dioxide (preferably carbon dioxide) contained in a gaseous flow in which the gaseous flow is brought into contact with a solvent comprising at least one organometallic compound. The solvent thus captures CO and / or CO 2 , preferably CO 2 , to form an "enriched solvent".
- gaseous flow is meant the combustion fumes or any emission of gas and / or steam, generally produced by an industrial installation.
- the gaseous flow is in fact a gaseous mixture containing CO and / or CO 2 , and may also contain non-exhaustively nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, hydrogen sulfide , sulfur dioxide, water vapor, and others.
- the method of the invention particularly relates to the recovery of CO and / or CO 2 , preferably CO 2 , contained in a pressure gas greater than atmospheric pressure.
- a gas is typically a synthesis gas produced by coal gasification (C + H 2 O ⁇ CO + H 2 ) or by reforming natural gas (CH 4 + H 2 O ⁇ CO + 3H 2 ), followed by a "gas-to-water reaction" (CO + H 2 + H 2 O ⁇ 2H 2 + CO 2 ).
- CO + H 2 + H 2 O ⁇ 2H 2 + CO 2 For example, carbon dioxide must be removed from the resulting gas in order to use hydrogen as fuel.
- the method for capturing CO and / or CO 2 , preferably CO 2 , according to the invention is advantageously based on the absorption principle which is based on the transfer of the carbon oxides in a solvent comprising, or even consisting of in, at least one organometallic compound.
- the gas stream is optionally subjected to a pre-treatment, for example to eliminate one or more of the compounds, other than carbon oxides, and present in the gas stream.
- said gas stream has a content of carbon oxides, such as CO and / or CO 2 , included in the range of 1% to 100% by volume, preferably 1% to 90% by volume, more preferably 1% to 50% by volume, a temperature in the range of -40 0 C to 100 0 C, preferably from 20 to 80 ° C, and a pressure in the range of 1 to 80 bar, preferably 1 to 50 bar.
- carbon oxides such as CO and / or CO 2
- the process for capturing CO and / or CO 2 is carried out in an absorption column at a temperature in the range from -40 ° C. to 100 ° C. C, preferably from 20 to 80 ° C.
- the pressure in the column is in the range of 1 to 80 bar, preferably from 1 to 50 bar.
- a column it is possible to use any type of column, such as a perforated plate column, a check valve column, a lined column, a loose packed column or a structured packing column.
- the term "organometallic compound” denotes a chemical compound comprising at least one bond (covalent, dative or ionic) between an organic compound and a metal.
- a chemical compound is said to be organic when it contains at least one carbon atom bonded to at least one hydrogen atom.
- the organometallic compound has a boiling point greater than 200 ° C., preferably greater than 250 ° C. at atmospheric pressure.
- the solvent has a low vapor pressure, for example less than 1 mPa at 25 ° C, which limits the entrainments and solvent losses at the outlet of the absorber and during its regeneration.
- the solvent has a viscosity of less than 100 mPa.s at 20 ° C., preferably less than 50 mPa.s at 20 ° C.
- the solvent is a physical solvent.
- the method according to the invention uses the physical absorption of carbon oxides, that is to say that there is no chemical reaction between said carbon oxides and the physical absorption solvent. The regeneration of the solvent according to the invention is thus facilitated.
- the method is based on the use of at least one organometallic compound comprising at least, preferably one, unit of formula M (R x ) n , in which:
- M is a metal selected from the metals of columns 3, 4 and 5 of the Periodic Table of Elements;
- R represents a hydrocarbon ligand, preferably comprising at least one bond of the metal with a heteroatom; x is an integer between 1 and n; and n represents the number of ligands, and is an integer taking the values 1 to 5 inclusive.
- the metals of columns 3, 4 and 5 of the periodic table are the metals of the scandium mine, the platinum mine and the vanadium mine, respectively. Among these metals, those of columns 4 and 5 of the periodic table are preferred, and among these, titanium, zirconium and vanadium are still preferred. Titanium and zirconium are particularly suitable for the purposes of the present invention.
- the hydrocarbon ligand R is a saturated hydrocarbon ligand or not, selected from alkyls, cycloalkyls, aryls, arylalkyls and alkylaryls having from 1 to 24 carbons; each ligand R may be functionalized, and preferably comprises one or more heteroatoms, such as, but not limited to, halogen, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, silicon, phosphorus, and the like.
- the heteroatom (s) are chosen from oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen, and more preferably the heteroatom (s) is oxygen.
- the organometallic compound has the formula M (R x ) n , where M, R, X and n are as defined above.
- the at least one organometallic compound comprises at least one metal-heteroatom bond (s), and whose bond between the heteroatom and the metal is poorly polarized.
- Organometallic compounds having at least one, preferably at least two, more preferably at least three, more preferably at least four, metal-heteroatom-carbon chains are preferred, wherein the heteroatom is preferably selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur. most preferably, the heteroatom is oxygen.
- the organometallic compounds comprising at least one, preferably at least two, more preferably at least three, more preferably at least four, metal-oxygen bonds are furthermore preferred.
- ligand comprising at least one chemical function, chosen from, in a non-limiting manner, the hydroxyl, alcohol, alkoxy, carbonyl (such as aldehyde or ketone), carboxyl (acid or anhydride) functions. carboxylic acid), amine, phosphate, thiol, and the like.
- the ligand comprises at least one alkoxy functional group, more preferably at least two alkoxy functional groups, more preferably at least three alkoxy functional groups, and particularly preferably four alkoxy functional groups.
- the metal M is chosen from titanium, zirconium and vanadium, and R represents an alkoxy having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, more preferably from 1 to 10 carbon atoms. 4 carbon atoms, straight or branched chain, preferably straight chain.
- the method according to the present invention uses at least one organometallic compound as just defined.
- the organometallic compound (s) are advantageously used in solution in one or more solvents.
- said solution comprises from 1% to 100%, preferably from 50% to 100%, by volume, of at least one organometallic compound defined above, relative to the total weight of the solution (agent (s) solvent (s) ) + organometallic compound (s)).
- the agent (s) solvent (s) represents (s) from 1% to 99% by volume of the solvent comprising the at least one organometallic compound as defined above.
- the agent (s) solvent (s) are selected from methanol, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether better known under the name of diglyme, dimethyl ether or diethyl ether of mono, di, tri, or poly ethylene glycol, dimethyl ether or diethyl ether of mono, di, tri or poly propylene glycol, acetone, sulfolane, dimethyl sulfoxide, and the like, as well as mixtures of two or more of them in all proportions.
- the organometallic compound (s) are used as such, that is to say without being in solution in a solvent.
- the organometallic compound is Ti (OEt) 4 tetraethoxytitanium or Zr (OBu) 4 tetrabutoxyzirconium.
- the amount of compound (s) organometallic (s) contacted with the gas stream is in the range of from 10 "4 to 10, preferably in the range of 10" 3-10 "1 , expressed as a ratio (L / G) of liquid volume of organometallic compound relative to the volume (brought under normal conditions of temperature and pressure, that is to say at a temperature of 0 ° C. (273.15 K ) and a pressure of 1 bar) of gas containing the oxide or oxides of carbon to capture.
- L / G ratio volumes and volume flows are expressed in the same units.
- the gas stream is dried before capturing CO and / or CO 2 , this drying being carried out according to well-known and controlled processes.
- the preferred organometallic compounds are those whose vapor pressure is less than 1 mm of mercury (133 Pa) at room temperature.
- the tetraethoxytitanium has a boiling point of 151 ° C. under 10 mm of mercury (1.33 kPa), and is not liable to oxidation or to promote corrosion of the device implementing the process according to the invention.
- organometallic compounds that can be used in the process of the present invention are stable, easy to regenerate and recycle, and have a long service life.
- the applicant has found that the organometallic compounds of formula M (R x ) n , where M, R, x and n are as defined above, absorb substantially more carbon oxides, in particular carbon dioxide than known physical or chemical solvents.
- acetone absorbs, for example, under 1 bar, 7.6 normal liters (NL) of CO 2 / kg.
- Other ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone, absorb, per mole, similar amounts.
- Methanol the reference compound, absorbs, for its part, 4.6 NL CO 2 / kg.
- the organometallic compounds described above have the advantage of having a reversible capacity (working capacity between absorption and regeneration) greater than that of other known physical or chemical solvents. A moderate increase in temperature is sufficient to remove all CO 2 captured / entrapped by the organometallic compounds described in this invention.
- the volume of carbon oxides, in particular CO 2 captured at 25 ° C. under 1 absolute bar of CO and / or CO 2 , is at least 8 liters. normal per kilogram of organometallic solvent, preferably at least 10 normal liters per kilogram of organometallic solvent, or more preferably at least 12 normal liters per kilogram of organometallic solvent.
- the subject of the present invention is the use of the capture method according to the invention in a process for precombustion of a fuel, such as coal, hydrocarbon petroleum feedstocks, gas, and / or biomass.
- a fuel such as coal, hydrocarbon petroleum feedstocks, gas, and / or biomass.
- the present invention relates to the use of the capture method according to the invention in a post-combustion process removing CO and / or CO 2 , more particularly CO 2 from a combustion gas rejected by a an industrial facility, such as a coal-fired power plant, a combined coal gasification (IGCC) facility, a power plant, a cement plant, a refinery, a fertilizer plant, a steel plant or a petrochemical unit.
- IGCC combined coal gasification
- the subject of the present invention is a process for recovering oxides of carbon, CO and / or CO 2 and preferably CO 2 from an industrial plant, comprising:
- the enriched solvent regeneration step comprises a decrease in the pressure of the enriched solvent, preferably to atmospheric pressure, and / or an increase in the temperature of the enriched solvent to a temperature below 120 0 C, preferably less than 100 0 C, and even more preferably less than 50 ° C.
- the regeneration step of the enriched solvent is carried out by expansion of the solvent pressure, in particular if the capture pressure of the carbon oxides (absorption pressure). is greater than 1 bar.
- This relaxation regeneration is done conventionally, for example by passing the enriched solvent in a flash balloon.
- a gaseous mixture is obtained which is very rich in carbon oxides (the level of which depends on the selectivity of the solvent relative to the other compounds of the gaseous flow to be treated) and on the other hand a solvent depleted of carbon oxides whose residual rate depends on the pressure of relaxation.
- the regeneration of the enriched solvent is carried out by heating in a solvent regeneration column, in particular if the absorption has been carried out at a relatively low temperature (absorption temperature lower than +20 ° C.), which makes it possible to obtain a result equivalent to the expansion of the pressure but with a higher energy cost, because of the energy to bring for heating.
- the regenerated solvent (also called “poor solvent”) is then recycled to the absorption step.
- the carbon oxides separated from the gas stream can be sent to a storage location for example, such as those described above.
- said process for recovering carbon oxides, and in particular carbon dioxide also comprises at least one of the following steps: dehydration, compression, transport, storage and / or recovery of the oxide (s) recovered carbon (s).
- a reactor of 1 L double jacketed steel, equipped with a temperature measurement, a connection to a vacuum pump and a connection to a 1 L ballast containing 10 bars absolute pressure of CO 2 , provided with an overflow and a finely graduated manometer, are introduced 250 g of Ti (OEt) 4 (tetraethyl titanate or tetraethoxytitanium). These 250 g correspond to 230 ml (density 1, 088).
- the solvent is degassed beforehand by evacuation ( ⁇ 10 mm Hg, ie 1.33 kPa) of the reactor, so as to remove a maximum of air initially present in the installation and, optionally, that degassed from the solvent due to the drop in pressure.
- the temperature is regulated at 25 ° C and carbon dioxide is introduced by adjusting the overflow so as to maintain 1 bar absolute in the reactor containing the solvent. Indeed, as soon as The solvent is stirred, a pressure drop corresponding to the solubilization of CO 2 is observed.
- the CO 2 comes from the ballast in which the initial pressure was 10.0 bar absolute.
- Example 1 is reproduced by changing Ti (OEt) 4 with acetone (250 g, 313 ml_). Given the volatility of acetone, the prior degassing is carried out in the vicinity of 0 ° C. The temperature is then reduced to 25 ° C, once the vacuum installation and the reactor closed. The measurement of the solubility of the CO 2 is then carried out 3 times, for which there is respectively: 8.0; 6.9; and 7.3 NL / kg of acetone, that is to say an average of 7.4 NL / kg (or 5.9 normal liters per liter) of acetone. The value found in the literature (IUPAC - Solubility Data Series - Volume 50 - Pergamon Press) is 7.5 NL / kg normal per kg (or 6.0 normal liters per liter) of acetone.
- Example 1 is repeated by changing Ti (OEt) 4 with Si (OMe) 4 (tetramethoxysilane, 250 g, 266 mL). The prior degassing is, as in Example 1 carried out directly at 25 ° C. The measurement is then made of the solubility of CO 2 for which there are 3.3 normal liters per kg (or else 3.1 normal liters per liter of tetramethoxysilane). Comparative Example 3
- Example 1 is repeated by changing Ti (OEt) 4 with diglyme (dimethyl ether diethylene glycol) (250 g, 265 ml). The prior degassing is, as in Comparative Example 1, carried out in the vicinity of 0 ° C. The temperature is then reduced to 25 ° C., once the installation under vacuum and the reactor closed.
- Example 1 3 mixtures of Ti (OEt) 4 and diglyme (80/20, 50/50 and 20/80 by mass) are prepared and Example 1 is repeated by changing Ti (OEt) 4 with each of the mixtures ( 250 grams). The prior degassing is as in Example 1 carried out directly at 25 ° C. The measurement of the solubility of the CO 2 is then carried out and the results are given in the following Table 1:
- Example 1 is repeated with Ti (OEt) 4 (250 g, 230 mL) but this time under pressures between 2 bar and 10 bar absolute.
- the prior degassing is as in Example 1 carried out directly at 25 ° C.
- Example 1 is reproduced by changing Ti (Oet) 4 by Zr (On-Pr) 4 (tetrapropoxyzirconium 70% by weight in propanol). The prior degassing is as in Example 1 carried out directly at 25 ° C. The measurement of the solubility of CO 2 is then carried out for which 20.8 normal liters per kg (or else 21.5 normal liters per liter) of tetrapropoxyzirconium at 70% by weight in propanol are found.
- Example 1 is reproduced by changing Ti (OEt) 4 by other Titanium derivatives
- Example 1 is reproduced by changing Ti (OEt) 4 by Zirconium derivatives.
- Example 2 (250 g each time).
- the prior degassing is as in Example 1 carried out directly at 25 ° C.
- Example 1 is reproduced by changing Ti (OEt) 4 with Zr (On-Bu) 4 as a mixture in acetone (30% by weight of acetone), the Zr (On-Bu) 4 being itself initially mixed in 80% n-propanol.
- the mixture obtained has the following mass composition: 56% tetrabutoxyzirconium, 14% n-propanol and 30% acetone, by weight.
- the prior degassing is, as in Example 1, carried out directly at 25 ° C.
- Examples 1 to 7 has a greater CO 2 absorption capacity than the prior art processes (Comparative Examples 1, 2 and 3).
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CN2010800080843A CN102316960A (zh) | 2009-02-18 | 2010-02-16 | 捕集碳氧化物以随后储存的方法 |
CA2750133A CA2750133C (fr) | 2009-02-18 | 2010-02-16 | Capture d'oxydes de carbone par un absorbant comprenant un compose organometallique |
US13/144,875 US20120020859A1 (en) | 2009-02-18 | 2010-02-16 | Method for Capturing Carbon Oxides with a View to Subsequently Storing Same |
EP10710070A EP2398575A2 (fr) | 2009-02-18 | 2010-02-16 | Procede de capture d'oxyde de carbone en vue d'un stockage ultérieur |
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FR0951049 | 2009-02-18 | ||
FR0951049A FR2942145B1 (fr) | 2009-02-18 | 2009-02-18 | Procede de recuperation de co2 d'un gaz industriel |
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WO2010094884A2 true WO2010094884A2 (fr) | 2010-08-26 |
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US (1) | US20120020859A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2398575A2 (fr) |
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GB2535152A (en) * | 2015-02-06 | 2016-08-17 | Ecotricity Group Ltd | A method of producing a synthetic diamond |
CN106076066A (zh) * | 2016-06-11 | 2016-11-09 | 彭斯干 | 海水式碳捕集封存方法及装置 |
CN110479044A (zh) * | 2019-03-13 | 2019-11-22 | 中国石油大学(北京) | 一种气体捕集剂及其制备方法和应用 |
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US7648566B2 (en) * | 2006-11-09 | 2010-01-19 | General Electric Company | Methods and apparatus for carbon dioxide removal from a fluid stream |
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WO2010094884A3 (fr) | 2010-10-21 |
CA2750133C (fr) | 2014-01-14 |
CA2750133A1 (fr) | 2010-08-26 |
US20120020859A1 (en) | 2012-01-26 |
FR2942145B1 (fr) | 2011-09-09 |
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CN102316960A (zh) | 2012-01-11 |
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