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WO2009101362A1 - Method for treating wood with agents of natural origin - Google Patents

Method for treating wood with agents of natural origin Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009101362A1
WO2009101362A1 PCT/FR2009/050222 FR2009050222W WO2009101362A1 WO 2009101362 A1 WO2009101362 A1 WO 2009101362A1 FR 2009050222 W FR2009050222 W FR 2009050222W WO 2009101362 A1 WO2009101362 A1 WO 2009101362A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
oil
wood
epoxidized
natural origin
vacuum
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2009/050222
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Jacques Barbier
Antoine Piccirilli
Sabrina Tricoire
Stéphane SOUM
Original Assignee
Valagro Carbone Renouvelable
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of WO2009101362A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009101362A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/34—Organic impregnating agents
    • B27K3/44—Tar; Mineral oil
    • B27K3/48—Mineral oil
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K2240/00—Purpose of the treatment
    • B27K2240/70—Hydrophobation treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K2240/00—Purpose of the treatment
    • B27K2240/90—UV-protection
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
    • B27K3/0207—Pretreatment of wood before impregnation
    • B27K3/0214—Drying

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the use of agents of natural origin derived from renewable raw materials, for the treatment of wood in particular to protect it against external aggression, and wood treatment process.
  • Wood is a natural material widely used in construction: frames, roofs, fences, exterior constructions, etc.
  • wood is extremely sensitive to environmental stresses, such as humidity, ultraviolet radiation, microorganisms or the attack of xylophagous insects, which lead to an alteration of its mechanical properties and appearance.
  • the present invention aims to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art by proposing a method of treating wood, economical, non-toxic to man and the environment, which effectively protects the wood from external aggression so that it retains its mechanical properties and its original appearance.
  • the subject of the invention is the use of at least one epoxidized oil of natural origin and / or at least one epoxidized oil derivative of natural origin for the treatment of wood, in particular against external aggression.
  • the invention also relates to a wood treatment process, by hot vacuum impregnation in the presence of at least one epoxidized oil of natural origin and / or at least one derivative of epoxidized oil of natural origin.
  • epoxidized oil of natural origin is meant an epoxidized oil derived from renewable raw material.
  • the invention uses products of natural origin, not harmful to humans or the environment.
  • epoxidized oil of natural origin and / or derivatives makes it possible to preserve the properties and the appearance of the wood and to protect it against the environmental aggressions, in particular against the humidity and the ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
  • UV ultraviolet
  • the present invention therefore aims at the use of at least one epoxidized oil of natural origin and / or at least one derivative of epoxidized oil of natural origin for the treatment of wood, in particular against external aggression.
  • the use of epoxidized oil of natural origin and / or at least one derivative of epoxidized oil of natural origin makes it possible in particular to protect the wood against humidity and against UV radiation by preventing accelerated aging of the woods
  • the invention also relates to a particular method for treating wood, by hot-vacuum impregnation in the presence of at least one epoxidized oil of natural origin and / or of at least one derivative.
  • epoxidized oil of natural origin is derived from renewable terrestrial and marine biomass. It may be an epoxidized vegetable oil or an epoxidized animal oil or an oil derived from micro and / or macro-algae (s) epoxidized.
  • the oil used is an epoxidized vegetable oil of soybean, rapeseed, sunflower, maize, cotton, peanut, flax or camelina.
  • the epoxidized oil of natural origin is an oil derived from living organisms of animal origin or microorganisms.
  • the epoxidized oil is an oil obtained following the action of microorganisms on natural raw materials and compounds by biofermentation and / or biosynthesis processes.
  • the epoxidized oil of natural origin used for carrying out the wood treatment method according to the invention is an oil having a distribution of fatty acids of between 12 and 22 carbon atoms.
  • the wood treatment method comprises the following succession of steps:
  • a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention comprises the following succession of steps:
  • the implementation of the invention makes it possible to impregnate naturally occurring fatty substances in the wood.
  • the wood thus treated is well protected against environmental aggressions.
  • Wood treated with epoxidized oils is resistant to the concomitant action of moisture and UV radiation. They do not undergo any over-coloring or cracking when they are subjected to important water and UV stress.
  • the present invention may be illustrated by non-limiting tests, carried out on spruce-type wood cleats treated with different oils.
  • the degree of residual humidity before drying the test pieces in an oven at 105 ° C. for 20 minutes is of the order of 10% by weight. This moisture content drops to 1% after drying at 105 ° C. for 48 hours in a thermoregulated oven. The water absorption capacity after drying is 20%.
  • the wood specimens are all dried before 48 hours at 105 0 C before each impregnation of fat according to the invention.
  • the process is repeated for each oil tested. It is carried out under a light vacuum (700 mbar) in a 10 liter jacketed reactor. After impregnation, the fat is removed and the cleats are drained under hot vacuum in the reactor.
  • the method comprises the implementation of the following steps:
  • the extractable fat of the test pieces is extracted for 10 hours according to the standard V 03-908 June 1988 (extraction with hexane). The solvent is then distilled. The fat thus obtained is weighed. The extractable oil content of the test piece is expressed as a percentage of dry matter.
  • the percentage of fat retained is between 6 and 26%, this percentage corresponding to a strong interaction with the lignocellulosic matrix.
  • the epoxidized soybean oils applied according to the present invention make it possible to lower the percentage of water recovery of the wood by -38%.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The subject matter of the invention is the use of at least one epoxidized oil of natural origin and/or of at least one derivative of epoxidized oil of natural origin, for the treatment of wood, and also a method for treating wood which comprises waterproofing wood by impregnation under vacuum, in the presence of at least one epoxidized oil of natural origin and/or of at least one derivative of epoxidized oil of natural origin.

Description

PROCEDE DE TRAITEMENT DU BOIS PAR DES AGENTS D'ORIGINE PROCESS FOR TREATING WOOD WITH ORIGINAL AGENTS
NATURELLENATURAL
La présente invention se rapporte à l'utilisation d'agents d'origine naturelle issus de matières premières renouvelables, pour le traitement du bois en particulier pour le protéger contre les agressions extérieures, et procédé de traitement du bois. Le bois est un matériau naturel très utilisé dans la construction : charpentes, toitures, clôtures, constructions extérieures, etc.The present invention relates to the use of agents of natural origin derived from renewable raw materials, for the treatment of wood in particular to protect it against external aggression, and wood treatment process. Wood is a natural material widely used in construction: frames, roofs, fences, exterior constructions, etc.
Néanmoins, le bois est extrêmement sensible aux stress environnementaux, tels que l'humidité, les rayonnements Ultraviolet, les micro-organismes ou encore l'attaque d'insectes xylophages, qui conduisent à une altération de ses propriétés mécaniques et de son aspect.Nevertheless, wood is extremely sensitive to environmental stresses, such as humidity, ultraviolet radiation, microorganisms or the attack of xylophagous insects, which lead to an alteration of its mechanical properties and appearance.
Il est donc nécessaire de traiter le bois pour le protéger et améliorer sa résistance.It is therefore necessary to treat the wood to protect it and improve its resistance.
On connaît différentes techniques industrielles de traitement du bois, en particulier asec des produits chimiques issus de la chimie de synthèse, minérale ou organique, tels que des insecticides, des fongicides, des sels métalliques, etc. Ces produits sont généralement appliqués sur le bois par imprégnation directe et sous pression atmosphérique ou haute pression.Various industrial techniques for the treatment of wood are known, particularly with chemicals derived from synthetic, inorganic or organic chemistry, such as insecticides, fungicides, metal salts, etc. These products are generally applied to the wood by direct impregnation and under atmospheric pressure or high pressure.
Toutefois ces techniques de traitement du bois sont coûteuses et surtout dangereuses car elles mettent en oeuvre des produits toxiques pour l'homme et pour l'environnement.However, these wood treatment techniques are expensive and especially dangerous because they implement toxic products for humans and the environment.
On sait également que certaines huiles peuvent être utilisées pour protéger le bois de l'humidité. En particulier, "B.F. Tjeerdsma et coll, Process Development of Treαtment of Wood with modif ied Hot oil ; Proceedings of the secondIt is also known that certain oils can be used to protect wood from moisture. In particular, "BF Tjeerdsma et al, Process Development of Tre atment of Wood with modified Hot oil; Proceedings of the second
Europeαn Conférence on Wood Modification, Gôttingen, Germany 2005 ", propose d'utiliser des huiles de lin ou de colza modifiées chimiquement par l'anhydride maléique, pour hydrofuger des matériaux ligno-cellulosiques et leur conférer une plus grande durabilité. Le traitement du bois est réalisé par thermo-huilage à chaud sous pression : les huiles végétales modifiées sont appliquées sur le bois par imprégnation à 1800C sous pression de 9 bars.Europeαn Conference on Wood Modification, Gottingen, Germany 2005 ", proposes to use linseed or rapeseed oils chemically modified with maleic anhydride, to waterproof lignocellulosic materials and to give them greater durability. is carried out by thermo-oiling under hot pressure: the modified vegetable oils are applied to the wood by impregnation at 180 ° C. under a pressure of 9 bar.
Si cette méthode de traitement permet d'obtenir des bois plus stables que des bois non traités, elle n'est pas non plus satisfaisante et altère l'aspect du bois qui devient plus coloré.If this method of treatment makes it possible to obtain woods that are more stable than untreated wood, it is also unsatisfactory and alters the appearance of the wood, which becomes more colored.
Aussi, la présente invention vise à pallier les inconvénients de l'art antérieur en proposant une méthode de traitement du bois, économique, non toxique pour l'homme et l'environnement, qui protège efficacement le bois des agressions extérieures afin qu'il conserve ses propriétés mécaniques et son aspect d'origine. A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet l'utilisation d'au moins une huile époxydée d'origine naturelle et/ou d'au moins un dérivé d'huile époxydée d'origine naturelle pour le traitement du bois, en particulier contre les agressions extérieures. L'invention vise également un procédé de traitement du bois, par imprégnation sous vide à chaud en présence d'au moins une huile époxydée d'origine naturelle et/ou d'au moins un dérivé d'huile époxydée d'origine naturelle.Also, the present invention aims to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art by proposing a method of treating wood, economical, non-toxic to man and the environment, which effectively protects the wood from external aggression so that it retains its mechanical properties and its original appearance. For this purpose, the subject of the invention is the use of at least one epoxidized oil of natural origin and / or at least one epoxidized oil derivative of natural origin for the treatment of wood, in particular against external aggression. The invention also relates to a wood treatment process, by hot vacuum impregnation in the presence of at least one epoxidized oil of natural origin and / or at least one derivative of epoxidized oil of natural origin.
Par huile époxydée d'origine naturelle on entend une huile époxydée issue de matière première renouvelable.By epoxidized oil of natural origin is meant an epoxidized oil derived from renewable raw material.
Avantageusement, l'invention utilise des produits d'origine naturelle, non néfastes pour l'homme ou pour l'environnement. L'utilisation d'huile époxydée d'origine naturelle et/ou de dérivés permet de conserver les propriétés et l'aspect du bois et de le protéger contre les agressions environnementales, en particulier contre l'humidité et contre les rayonnements Ultraviolet (UV). D'autres caractéristiques et avantages ressortiront de la description en détail de l'invention qui va suivre.Advantageously, the invention uses products of natural origin, not harmful to humans or the environment. The use of epoxidized oil of natural origin and / or derivatives makes it possible to preserve the properties and the appearance of the wood and to protect it against the environmental aggressions, in particular against the humidity and the ultraviolet (UV) radiation. . Other features and advantages will become apparent from the detailed description of the invention which follows.
La présente invention vise donc l'utilisation d'au moins une huile époxydée d'origine naturelle et/ou d'au moins un dérivé d'huile époxydée d'origine naturelle pour le traitement du bois, en particulier contre les agressions extérieures.The present invention therefore aims at the use of at least one epoxidized oil of natural origin and / or at least one derivative of epoxidized oil of natural origin for the treatment of wood, in particular against external aggression.
L'utilisation d'huile époxydée d'origine naturelle et/ou d'au moins un dérivé d'huile époxydée d'origine naturelle permet notamment de protéger le bois contre l'humidité et contre le rayonnement UV en empêchant un vieillissement accéléré des bois traités (noircissement, fissures, etc.) L'invention vise également un procédé particulier de traitement du bois, par imprégnation sous vide à chaud en présence d'au moins une huile époxydée d'origine naturelle et/ou d'au moins un dérivé d'huile époxydée d'origine naturelle. Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, l'huile époxydée d'origine naturelle est issue de la biomasse renouvelable terrestre et marine. II peut s'agir d'une huile végétale époxydée ou encore d'une huile animale époxydée ou d'une huile issue de micro et/ou de macro-algue(s) époxydée. Préférentiellement il s'agit d'une huile végétale époxydée, choisie notamment parmi les huiles de colza oléique et érucique, de lin, de tournesol, de ricin, de soja, de palme, palmiste, de coprah, de maïs, de coton, d'arachide, de son de riz, d'olive ou de tung. Encore plus préférentiellement , l'huile utilisée est une huile végétale époxydée de soja, de colza, de tournesol, de maïs, de coton, d'arachide, de lin ou de cameline.The use of epoxidized oil of natural origin and / or at least one derivative of epoxidized oil of natural origin makes it possible in particular to protect the wood against humidity and against UV radiation by preventing accelerated aging of the woods The invention also relates to a particular method for treating wood, by hot-vacuum impregnation in the presence of at least one epoxidized oil of natural origin and / or of at least one derivative. epoxidized oil of natural origin. According to one embodiment of the invention, the epoxidized oil of natural origin is derived from renewable terrestrial and marine biomass. It may be an epoxidized vegetable oil or an epoxidized animal oil or an oil derived from micro and / or macro-algae (s) epoxidized. Preferably it is an epoxidized vegetable oil, chosen in particular from oleic and erucic rapeseed oils, flax, sunflower, castor oil, soya, palm, palm kernel, copra, corn, cotton, peanut, rice bran, olive or tung. Even more preferably, the oil used is an epoxidized vegetable oil of soybean, rapeseed, sunflower, maize, cotton, peanut, flax or camelina.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention, l'huile époxydée d'origine naturelle est une huile issue d'organismes vivants d'origine animale ou de microorganismes. A titre d'exemple on peut citer les huiles de poisson ou l'huile de suif. Selon une variante, l'huile époxydée est une huile obtenue suite à l'action de micro-organismes sur des matières premières et composés naturels par des procédés de biofermentation et/ou de biosynthèse.According to another embodiment of the invention, the epoxidized oil of natural origin is an oil derived from living organisms of animal origin or microorganisms. By way of example, mention may be made of fish oils or tallow oil. According to one variant, the epoxidized oil is an oil obtained following the action of microorganisms on natural raw materials and compounds by biofermentation and / or biosynthesis processes.
De façon préférée, l'huile époxydée d'origine naturelle utilisée pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé de traitement du bois selon l'invention, est une huile présentant une répartition en acides gras comprise entre 12 et 22 atomes de carbone.Preferably, the epoxidized oil of natural origin used for carrying out the wood treatment method according to the invention is an oil having a distribution of fatty acids of between 12 and 22 carbon atoms.
Préférentiellement ladite huile est raffinée ou semi raffinée. Selon un mode de réalisation particulièrement adapté, le procédé de traitement du bois comprend la succession des étapes suivantes :Preferably, said oil is refined or semi-refined. According to a particularly suitable embodiment, the wood treatment method comprises the following succession of steps:
- séchage du bois,- drying of the wood,
- dégazage du bois sous vide,- degassing of wood under vacuum,
- immersion totale du bois dans une huile époxydée d'origine naturelle et/ou un dérivé, préchauffée, - maintien sous vide pendant une durée comprise entre 15 et 240 minutes,total immersion of the wood in an epoxidized oil of natural origin and / or a derivative, preheated, keeping under vacuum for a period of between 15 and 240 minutes,
- soutirage à chaud de l'huile et/ou du dérivé, puis tirage sous vide pendant une durée comprise entre 15 et 240 minutes,- Hot extraction of the oil and / or derivative, then vacuum drawing for a period of between 15 and 240 minutes,
- cassage du vide et refroidissement. Un mode de réalisation préféré du procédé selon l'invention, comprend la succession des étapes suivantes :- vacuum breaking and cooling. A preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention comprises the following succession of steps:
- séchage du bois à une température comprise entre 90 et 1100C,drying of the wood at a temperature of between 90 and 110 ° C.,
- dégazage du bois sous un vide compris entre 700 et 750 mbar,degassing the wood under a vacuum of between 700 and 750 mbar,
- immersion totale du bois dans une huile époxydée d'origine naturelle et/ou un dérivé, préchauffée à température comprise entre 100 et 1400C,total immersion of the wood in an epoxidized oil of natural origin and / or a derivative, preheated to a temperature of between 100 and 140 ° C.,
- maintien sous un vide compris entre 700 et 750mbar pendant une durée comprise 20 et 40 minutes, - soutirage à chaud de l'huile et/ou du dérivé puis tirage sous un vide compris entre 700 et 750 mbar pendant une durée comprise entre 20 et 70 minutes,- Hold under a vacuum between 700 and 750mbar for a period of between 20 and 40 minutes, - Hot extraction of the oil and / or derivative and draw under a vacuum between 700 and 750 mbar for a period of between 20 and 70 minutes,
- cassage du vide et refroidissement. Avantageusement, la mise en oeuvre de l'invention permet d'imprégner efficacement des corps gras d'origine naturelle dans le bois. Le bois ainsi traité est bien protégé contre les agressions environnementales.- vacuum breaking and cooling. Advantageously, the implementation of the invention makes it possible to impregnate naturally occurring fatty substances in the wood. The wood thus treated is well protected against environmental aggressions.
Les bois traités par les huiles époxydées, en particulier les huiles végétales époxydées, s'avèrent résistants à l'action concomitante de l'humidité et du rayonnement UV. Ils ne subissent aucune sur-coloration ou craquellement lorsque ces derniers sont soumis à des stress hydriques et UV importants. La présente invention peut être illustrée par des tests non limitatifs, réalisés sur des tasseaux de bois de type épicéa traités avec différentes huiles.Wood treated with epoxidized oils, especially epoxidized vegetable oils, is resistant to the concomitant action of moisture and UV radiation. They do not undergo any over-coloring or cracking when they are subjected to important water and UV stress. The present invention may be illustrated by non-limiting tests, carried out on spruce-type wood cleats treated with different oils.
1. Caractérisation des tasseaux de bois à traiter1. Characterization of wooden battens to be treated
Les caractéristiques des éprouvettes ou tasseaux d'épicéa utilisés pour les différents tests, sont présentées dans le tableau suivant : The characteristics of the specimens or spruce cleats used for the various tests are presented in the following table:
Figure imgf000007_0001
Figure imgf000007_0001
Le degré d'humidité résiduelle avant séchage des éprouvettes à l'étuve à 1050C pendant 20 minutes, est de l'ordre de 10% en poids. Ce taux d'humidité chute à 1% après séchage à 1050C pendant 48 heures dans une étuve thermorégulée. La capacité d'absorption d'eau après séchage est de 20%.The degree of residual humidity before drying the test pieces in an oven at 105 ° C. for 20 minutes is of the order of 10% by weight. This moisture content drops to 1% after drying at 105 ° C. for 48 hours in a thermoregulated oven. The water absorption capacity after drying is 20%.
Pour réaliser des essais reproductives et s'affranchir de l'eau résiduelle, les éprouvettes de bois sont toutes préalablement séchées 48 heures à 1050C avant chaque imprégnation de corps gras selon l'invention.To perform reproductive tests and overcome the residual water, the wood specimens are all dried before 48 hours at 105 0 C before each impregnation of fat according to the invention.
2. Caractérisation des huiles d'origine naturelle utilisées2. Characterization of the naturally occurring oils used
Trois huiles sont testées : l'huile de tournesol classique, l'huile de soja et l'huile de soja époxydée. Les caractéristiques des ces huiles sont présentées dans le tableau suivantThree oils are tested: classic sunflower oil, soybean oil and epoxidized soybean oil. The characteristics of these oils are presented in the following table
Figure imgf000008_0001
Figure imgf000008_0001
3. Protocole de traitement du bois3. Wood treatment protocol
Le procédé est reproduit pour chaque huile testée. Il est effectué sous un vide léger (700 mbar) dans un réacteur double enveloppe de 10 litres. Après imprégnation, la matière grasse est soutirée, puis les tasseaux sont égouttés sous vide à chaud dans le réacteur. Le procédé comprend la mise en oeuvre des étapes suivantes :The process is repeated for each oil tested. It is carried out under a light vacuum (700 mbar) in a 10 liter jacketed reactor. After impregnation, the fat is removed and the cleats are drained under hot vacuum in the reactor. The method comprises the implementation of the following steps:
- préparation du réacteur- reactor preparation
- placer l'huile dans une étuve à 1200C,- place the oil in an oven at 120 0 C,
- chauffer la double enveloppe du réacteur à 1200C,heating the reactor jacket at 120 ° C.,
- traitement du bois - placer les tasseaux dans le réacteur et dégazer sous vide léger (750mbar) pendant 30 minutes, - au bout de 30 minutes, introduire l'huile préalablement chauffée à 1200C,- wood treatment - place the cleats in the reactor and degass under a light vacuum (750mbar) for 30 minutes, after 30 minutes, introduce the oil previously heated to 120 ° C.,
- appliquer au système un vide de 750 mbar,- apply to the system a vacuum of 750 mbar,
- l'imprégnation dure 30 minutes, - récupération du bois traité :- the impregnation lasts 30 minutes, - recovery of treated wood:
- soutirer à chaud la matière grasse,- extract hot fat,
- tirer sous 750 mbar pendant 1 heure,- pull under 750 mbar for 1 hour,
- au bout d'une heure, casser le vide et éteindre la chauffe, - retirer les tasseaux du réacteur.- after one hour, break the vacuum and turn off the heater, - remove the cleats from the reactor.
4. Analyses réalisées4. Analyzes performed
Deux analyses sont réalisées sur le bois traité : la teneur en matière grasse extractible et l'absorption d'eau.Two analyzes are carried out on treated wood: extractable fat content and water absorption.
Pour la teneur en matière grasse extractible, c'est-à-dire non retenue dans la bois : la matière grasse extractible des éprouvettes est extraite pendant 10 heures selon la norme V 03-908 juin 1988 (extraction à l'hexane). Le solvant est ensuite distillé. La matière grasse ainsi obtenue est pesée. La teneur en huile extractible de l'éprouvette est exprimée en pourcentage de matière sèche.For the extractable fat content, that is to say not retained in the wood: the extractable fat of the test pieces is extracted for 10 hours according to the standard V 03-908 June 1988 (extraction with hexane). The solvent is then distilled. The fat thus obtained is weighed. The extractable oil content of the test piece is expressed as a percentage of dry matter.
Pour l'absorption en eau : les éprouvettes sont immergées dans l'eau pendant 24 heures. Elles sont ensuite essuyées et pesées. La quantité d'eau imprégnée est exprimée en pourcentage de masse sèche (bois sec). For water absorption: specimens are immersed in water for 24 hours. They are then wiped and weighed. The amount of water impregnated is expressed as a percentage of dry mass (dry wood).
5. Résultats obtenus5. Results achieved
Figure imgf000010_0001
Figure imgf000010_0001
En grisé : essώs réalisés sans retrait de la matière grasse extractibleIn gray: esses made without removal of extractable fat
On constate que le procédé selon l'invention dans les conditions des présents essώs, permet d'imprégner le bois avec des pourcentages de matière grasse compris entre 3 et 5% en poids de bois sec.It is found that the method according to the invention under the conditions of the present ess ,s, impregnates the wood with percentages of fat between 3 and 5% by weight of dry wood.
En fonction de l'huile testée, le pourcentage de matière grasse retenue est compris en 6 et 26%, ce pourcentage correspondant à une forte interaction avec la matrice ligno-cellulosiques.Depending on the oil tested, the percentage of fat retained is between 6 and 26%, this percentage corresponding to a strong interaction with the lignocellulosic matrix.
Avantageusement les huiles de soja époxydée appliquées selon la présente invention, permettent d'abaisser le pourcentage de reprise en eau du bois de -38%.Advantageously, the epoxidized soybean oils applied according to the present invention make it possible to lower the percentage of water recovery of the wood by -38%.
L'utilisation d'huile de soja époxydée permet donc d'atteindre un taux d'hydrof ugation de 40% environ. The use of epoxidized soybean oil therefore makes it possible to achieve a hydrofugation rate of about 40%.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Utilisation d'au moins une huile époxydée d'origine naturelle et/ou d'au moins un dérivé d'huile époxydée d'origine naturelle pour le traitement du bois.1. Use of at least one epoxidized oil of natural origin and / or at least one derivative of epoxidized oil of natural origin for the treatment of wood.
2. Utilisation selon la revendication 1, pour protéger le bois des agressions extérieures. 2. Use according to claim 1, to protect the wood from external aggressions.
3. Utilisation selon la revendication 1 ou 2, pour protéger le bois contre l'humidité et contre les rayonnements Ultraviolet.3. Use according to claim 1 or 2, to protect the wood against moisture and Ultraviolet radiation.
4. Utilisation selon l'une des précédentes revendications, caractérisée en ce que l'huile époxydée est une huile végétale époxydée.4. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the epoxidized oil is an epoxidized vegetable oil.
5. Utilisation selon l'une des précédentes revendications, caractérisée en ce que l'huile époxydée est choisie parmi les huiles de soja, de lin, de cameline, de colza, de tournesol, de maïs, de coton ou d'arachide.5. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the epoxidized oil is selected from soybean, linseed, camelina, rapeseed, sunflower, maize, cotton or peanut oils.
6. Utilisation selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que l'huile époxydée est une huile animale ou une huile d'algue(s).6. Use according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the epoxidized oil is an animal oil or a seaweed oil (s).
7. Utilisation selon l'une des précédentes revendications, caractérisée en ce que l'huile époxydée est une huile obtenue suite à l'action de micro-organismes sur des matières premières et composés naturels par des procédés de biofermentation et/ou de biosynthèse.7. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the epoxidized oil is an oil obtained following the action of microorganisms on raw materials and natural compounds by biofermentation processes and / or biosynthesis.
8. Utilisation selon l'une des précédentes revendications, caractérisée en ce que l'huile présente un répartition en acides gras compris entre 12 et 22 atomes de carbone.8. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the oil has a distribution of fatty acids of between 12 and 22 carbon atoms.
9. Utilisation selon l'une des précédentes revendications, caractérisée en ce que l'huile est une huile raffinée ou semi raffinée.9. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the oil is a refined or semi-refined oil.
10. Procédé de traitement du bois par imprégnation du bois sous vide à chaud, en présence d'au moins une huile époxydée d'origine naturelle et/ou d'au moins un dérivé d'huile époxydée d'origine naturelle. 10. A method of treating wood by impregnation of wood under vacuum in the presence of at least one epoxidized oil of natural origin and / or at least one derivative of epoxidized oil of natural origin.
11. Procédé de traitement du bois selon la revendication 10, caractérisée en ce que l'huile époxydée est une huile végétale époxydée.11. A method of treating wood according to claim 10, characterized in that the epoxidized oil is an epoxidized vegetable oil.
12. Procédé de traitement du bois selon la revendication 10 ou 11, caractérisé en ce que l'huile époxydée est choisie parmi une huile de soja, de colza, de tournesol, de maïs, de coton, d'arachide, de lin ou de cameline.12. A method of treating wood according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the epoxidized oil is selected from soybean oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, corn, cotton, peanut, linseed or Camelina.
13. Procédé de traitement du bois selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que l'huile époxydée est une huile animale ou une huile d'algue(s).13. A method of treating wood according to claim 10, characterized in that the epoxidized oil is an animal oil or an oil of algae (s).
14. Procédé de traitement du bois selon l'une des revendications 10 à 13, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les étapes suivantes : - séchage du bois,14. A method of treating wood according to one of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: - drying of the wood,
- dégazage du bois sous vide,- degassing of wood under vacuum,
- immersion totale du bois dans une huile époxydée d'origine naturelle et/ou un dérivé, préchauffée,- total immersion of the wood in an epoxidized oil of natural origin and / or a derivative, preheated,
- maintien sous vide pendant une durée comprise entre 15 et 240 minutes,holding under vacuum for a period of between 15 and 240 minutes,
- soutirage à chaud de l'huile et/ou du dérivé, puis tirage sous vide pendant une durée comprise entre 15 et 240 minutes,- Hot extraction of the oil and / or derivative, then vacuum drawing for a period of between 15 and 240 minutes,
- cassage du vide et refroidissement.- vacuum breaking and cooling.
15. Procédé de traitement du bois selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les étapes suivantes :15. The method of treating wood according to claim 14, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
- séchage du bois à une température comprise entre 90 et 1100C,drying of the wood at a temperature of between 90 and 110 ° C.,
- dégazage du bois sous un vide compris entre 700 et 750 mbar,degassing the wood under a vacuum of between 700 and 750 mbar,
- immersion totale du bois dans une huile époxydée d'origine naturelle et/ou un dérivé, préchauffée à température comprise entre 100 et 1400C, - maintien sous un vide compris entre 700 et 750mbar pendant une durée comprise 20 et 40 minutes, - soutirage à chaud de l'huile et/ou du dérivé puis tirage sous un vide compris entre 700 et 750 mbar pendant une durée comprise entre 20 et 70 minutes,total immersion of the wood in an epoxidized oil of natural origin and / or a derivative, preheated to a temperature of between 100 and 140 ° C., keeping under a vacuum of between 700 and 750 mbar for a period of between 20 and 40 minutes, - Hot extraction of the oil and / or derivative and draw under a vacuum between 700 and 750 mbar for a period of between 20 and 70 minutes,
- cassage du vide et refroidissement. - vacuum breaking and cooling.
PCT/FR2009/050222 2008-02-14 2009-02-12 Method for treating wood with agents of natural origin WO2009101362A1 (en)

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