WO2009030786A1

WO2009030786A1 - Multiphase cold engine employing cold and hot thermodynamics and having engine efficiency greater than 100% and a cold generator with a high coefficient of performance (cop)

Info

Publication number: WO2009030786A1
Application number: PCT/ES2008/000012
Authority: WO
Inventors: Diego Parra Gimenez
Original assignee: Diego Parra Gimenez
Priority date: 2007-09-03
Filing date: 2008-04-01
Publication date: 2009-03-12
Also published as: ES2315191B1; ES2315191A1

Abstract

The invention relates to an engine essentially comprising the following three phases differentiated by the origin of the energy supplying same, namely: phase 1 supplied with external thermal energy (9) (heat), phase 2 supplied with internal thermal energy (heat) and phase 3 supplied with internal thermal energy (cold). Each phase includes multiple cycles and each cycle contains a chemical compound each with a different boiling point in order to make use of the energy. The thermal energy is transmitted between the condenser of one cycle and the evaporator of the next, thereby forcing the condensation of the chemical compound of the first cycle and the evaporation of the chemical compound of the next. Energy efficiency greater than 100% can be obtained using said three phases and the greatest efficiency is obtained using the cold phase (3) as the heat is obtained from the environment (8).

Description

MULTIPHASE COLD MOTOR THROUGH COLD THERMODYNAMICS AND HEAT AND EFFICIENCY OVER 100%. AND COLD GENERATOR OF HIGH COEFFICIENT OF WORK (COP).

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to an engine that is framed in the renewable energy production sector, specifically in the conversion of thermal or electrical energy to mechanical energy to generate electricity. And as a high performance cold generator.

The object of the invention is to produce energy with very high yields, even exceeding 100%. Avoid air pollution. Feed the engine with its own generated energy. Avoid using fuels (fossils, biofuels, etc.). Use of the thermal energy of the environment to produce mechanical energy. Obtain an engine that works with an unconventional system, by using a cold bulb as primary energy. Get as extra energy: cold with a high coefficient of work.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION There are currently several types of thermal engines.

External combustion engines such as:

The steam engine: This basically consists of a mechanism under the action of steam pressure. With an approximate yield of 4%

The steam turbine: It consists of a series of blades that rotate when a stream of steam hits them. It has an approximate yield of 20%

Internal combustion engines:

Alternative engines: They have the same principle of the steam engine, only here the working fluid undergoes the combustion process. With an approximate yield of 35% Gas turbine: In essence the same steam turbine, only here the working fluid is the gases produced by combustion. With an approximate yield of 34%

Jet engines: These are engines that use the action-reaction principle by. With an approximate yield of 80%

The efficiency of each of these engines will never exceed 100%.

When using energy from a hot spot (input energy) and using it to convert it into kinetic energy (output energy) we will never get an energy higher than the input (yield greater than 100%). Because the energy we supply is lost in heat, according to thermal cycles Rankine, Carnot, etc. The output energy, usable, can never exceed the input power to the system.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a power generation system that opens a range of possibilities such as: Airplanes with 100% more cargo. No danger of fire by not needing fuel. The present invention may comprise several energy generating phases differentiated by the origin of the energy used. The hot focus phase (1), which can be fed by external thermal energy (9). Understanding this to the energy from outside the generator set and generated by any method (Electricity, solar, hydrocarbons, biofuels, etc.). The hot focus phase (2), which can be powered by internal energy. Understanding this as

The energy supplied by the generator set itself, specifically a cooling equipment (4) belonging to the invented system. The cold focus phase (3), which can be powered by internal energy. Understanding this, too, as the energy generated within the generator set itself, specifically the cold equipment (4).

The basic generator set comprises: A phase (1) of hot focus powered by external energy (9), generated this, by any means (Solar, electric, hydrocarbons, etc.). An electric generator (6A) that converts the mechanical energy of phase 1 (1) into electricity. A battery (5) that stores the generated electrical energy. A cold equipment (4) fed by the phase (1) directly or by the batteries. This cold equipment (4) is used to provide heat and cold to phases 2 (2) and 3 (3). A phase, for example Ia 2 (2), which receives heat from the cold equipment. Another phase, for example Ia 3 (3), which receives cold from the cold equipment (4)

One or several generators (6 ^a , 6B, ETC.) that convert the kinetic energy of these phases into electricity. We can store this electricity in the previous batteries (5) or use another series of batteries.

Each phase comprises several cycles (1001, 1002, 1003, etc.) that base their operation on similar principles. Within the cycles are chemical elements with different boiling points to create a staggering between them. Ordered from highest to lowest temperature or vice versa.

Each cycle comprises: An evaporator (11) that contains a chemical compound inside, which converts this from liquid to gas by means of heat input. A turbine (12) that takes advantage of the gas escape velocity from the evaporator and generate movement. A condenser-exchanger-evaporator (13) that converts the gas from the turbine into liquid. Yielding heat to the evaporator of the next cycle. A recirculation pump (14) to inject the liquid into the evaporator and start the cycle again.

As it is easy to understand the first cycle (1001) will be somewhat different from the intermediate cycles and the last one will also be different from the rest, since the evaporator of the first cycle is simple In the intermediates, this evaporator comprises the condenser of the previous cycle. However, the last cycle comprises a condenser that can be cooled by the outside temperature ... The total performance of the phases is the sum of the yields of the cycles that compose it. The amount of cycles that can be used depends on the temperature difference between the heat source and the ambient temperature; and of the difference in boiling temperatures, between the chemical compounds used, to form the stepped cycles.

It is advised that the chemicals that can be used are stable, not harmful to the components of the cycle where they are housed, that there is a minimum temperature between them to be able to use a maximum number of cycles and ensure heat transfer between cycles that allow condensation and evaporation.

Some examples of chemical compounds with different evaporation points are: Chlorine (-35.00 ⁰ C); Formaldehyde (-21, 15 ⁰ C); Isobutene (-

6.90 ⁰ C); Ibutene (-6.26 ⁰ C); Trans2butene (0.96 ⁰ C); Cis2butene (

3.73 ⁰ C); Hydrogen Fluoride (19.42 ⁰ C); Etanal (20.80 ⁰ C); Ethyl ether (34.6O ⁰ C);

Carbon sulphide (46.30 ⁰ C); Acetone (56.20 ⁰ C); Ethanol (78.30 ⁰ C); Benzene (80.20 ⁰ C)

Some may not be used because they do not comply with any of the above tips. But there are thousands of compounds that could be part of the cycles.

For a better understanding we use the following example, which is merely descriptive and not limiting. We heat the water, which is contained in the first cycle, by means of external energy (wood) at 100 ⁰ C until evaporation. This increases its pressure in the evaporator (11) and by means of a regulator (50) we adjust the rate of water vapor output towards the turbine (12). The water gives energy to the turbine (12) losing speed. The steam enters the condenser (13) that will be cooled by the liquid methanol found in the evaporator (13) of the next cycle (1002). (The boiling point of methanol is 78 ⁰ C). At these temperatures the water condenses and the methanol evaporates, due to the transfer of heat of water to methanol. Therefore, water in cycle 1001 condenses and methanol in cycle 1002 evaporates.

The next cycle (1002) of methanol takes advantage of the heat not used in the previous water cycle (1001). In turn, the condenser of the methanol cycle evaporates by heat transfer to acetone, which belongs to the evaporator of cycle 1003, with a boiling point of 56 ° C. And so on until we can complete the total of the cycles that cover the thermal margin we have.

Assuming an ideal theoretical performance, for each cycle, of 25% we would obtain the results of the following table, for phase 1 (1):

ENERGY ENERGY ENERGY TEMPERATURE EFFICIENCY EFFICIENCY EFFICIENCY

USEFUL INPUT OUTPUT EBULLITION CYCLE TOTAL PHASE

Cycle 1 1000 250 750 75 25 25 25

Cycle 2 750 187 5 562 5 65 25 43 43

Cycle 3 562 5 140 6 421 6 55 25 57 57

Cycle 4 421 8 10547 3164 45 25 68 68

Cycle 5 3164 79 1 2373 35 25 76 76

The total efficiency of phase 1 would be 76.3%

The energy obtained in phase 1 (1) is stored in the batteries (5) or used to power a cold group (4) that will supply cold and heat to the following phases or is consumed directly. For phase 2 (2), for example, heat is supplied by means of a cold equipment (4) with an (EER) of 2.5 and phase 3 (3) is supplied cold from the cold equipment with a operating coefficient (COP) of 2.5 (approximate average values within the current market).

Assuming a 25% yield of each cycle we would obtain the results of the following table, for phase 2 (2):

ENERGY ENERGY ENERGY TEMPERATURE EFFICIENCY EFFICIENCY EFFICIENCY

USEFUL INPUT OUTPUT EBULLITION CYCLE TOTAL PHASE

Cycle i 1000 250 750 55 25 25 47 Cycle 2 750 187.5 562.5 45 25 43 81

Cycle 3 562.5 140.6 421.6 35 25 57 108 The total efficiency of phase 2 would be 57.8%. The total of phase 2 taking into account the efficiency of the cold equipment would be 110.2%.

The performance of phase 2, not counting the cold equipment, is lower than phase 1 (1) because it has to use 2 cycles less, due to the lower temperature range.

The behavior of phase 3 differs from the other 2 phases, because this phase uses the cold of the cold equipment (4) to condense the chemical compound contained in the last cycle. The principle of phase 3 being the capacitor of the last cycle thereof.

Its operation includes: Condensation (22) of the cycle (1004) by means of the low temperature provided by the cooling equipment. Recirculation (23) of the liquid to the evaporator. Evaporation (19) of the liquid by the energy supplied by the previous cycle (1003). Turbine movement (21) and we repeat the cycle. Taking into account that when extracting heat from the previous phase (1003) condenses the liquid that is in this phase. These cycles are repeated until the first cycle condenses like the rest. The thermal energy that we use is the energy that is in the environment. Although the efficiency of the cycle is 25% with respect to the energy supplied from the heat source, the actual efficiency of the cycle is 33% with respect to the energy of the cold source. Therefore, the effective efficiency of the cycle is 33% when the turbine efficiency is 25%. Because the energy we supply Ia we use to condense. This phase uses the energy of the environment (8) to evaporate the liquid and convert it into motion by means of the turbine.

Assuming a 25% yield of each cycle and being able to obtain 5 staggered cycles, we would obtain the results of the following table, for phase 3 (3):

ENERGY ENERGY ENERGY TEMPERATURE EFFICIENCY EFFICIENCY EFFICIENCY

USEFUL INPUT OUTPUT EBULLITION CYCLE TOTAL PHASE

Cycle 1 4214 1053 3160 5 33 321 610

Cycle 2 3160 790 2370 -2 33 216 410

Cycle 3 2370 592 1777 -9 33 137 260

Cycle 4 1777 444 1333 -16 33 77 146

Cycle 5 1333 333 1000 -23 33 33 62 The total efficiency of phase 3 would be 321.4%. The total of phase 3 (taking into account the efficiency of the cold equipment) would be 612.8%.

The calculation of the total performance if we use phase 1 (1) to feed the cold equipment, would be: Phase 1 (1): Total yield of phase 1 (1) 76.3%.

Phase 2 (2): Performance of Phase 1 (1) (76.3%) multiplied by an EER (250%), multiplied by the performance of Phase 2 (57.8%), gives us a total return of 110.25

Phase 3 (3): Performance of Phase 1 (1) (76.3%) multiplied by the COP (250%), multiplied by the performance of Phase 3 (321.4%), gives us a total yield of 610.66

Total performance: Phase 1 (76.3%) plus Phase 2 (110.25%) plus Phase 3 (610.66%) less input power (100%) equals 697.21%

The calculation of the total engine performance if we do without phase 1

(1) to power the cold equipment (4) and use battery power (5), it would be:

Phase 2 (2): Performance of the battery (5) (100%) multiplied by an EER (250%), multiplied by the performance of Phase 2 (57.8%), gives us a total efficiency of 144.5%

Phase 3 (3): Battery performance (5) (100%) multiplied by the COP (250%), multiplied by the performance of Phase 3 (321.4%), gives us a total performance of 802.5%

Total performance: Phase 2 (144.5%) plus Phase 3 (802.5%) less input power (100%) equals 847%

The method used will depend on the energy we want to contribute to the system. Electric to directly feed the cold equipment through the batteries (5) or through external thermal energy (9) injected in the first phase.

The design of each engine will depend on its final use. Since phase 1 can be used as support for batteries (5) or as a system of security. By redundant 2 power supplies to the cold equipment (4). The use of the three phases (1, 2, 3, etc.) will depend on the needs. Since they could use us together all the phases to obtain even greater energy. If the performance of the turbines (12) were greater, we would obtain very important yields, of the order of 2000%, mainly due to the energy generated in phase 3 (3).

The turbines of phase 1 comprise a coupling to a generator (6). As well as phases 2 and 3, it comprises a coupling to another generator (6B) or to that of phase 1 (6) or to other generators (one for phase 2 and one for Ia 3). Likewise, the energy generated can be reinjected to increase the power and to make the system self-powered, without having to use external energy.

Another characteristic derived from the operation of the generating equipment is that of producing cold with a high coefficient of COP work. Logically due to the heat absorption of the environment. Through the passage of air (7) in the first cycle (1001) of phase 3 (3).

As a result, we obtain heat in phase 1 with a yield of 23.7%. In phase 2 we also obtain heat with an efficiency of 80.4.

%

And in phase 3 the performance absorbs 803.5% with respect to the energy that feeds the cold equipment.

Although only 4 cycles have been represented in the drawings, each phase may have a different number of cycles. The representation of the drawings is made as something descriptive and not limiting, to avoid representing a multitude of similar cycles. Since these cycles work in a similar way.

The motor can also comprise several embodiments, with different phases. That will adapt according to the needs (Safety, size, weight, power, etc.). As for example the following: A phase 1, plus a phase 2, plus a phase 3, plus a cold equipment (It is the one here describe as basic). Or a phase 2, plus a phase 3, plus a cold equipment. Also, a phase 3, plus a cold team. Or several phases 3 with several external cooling equipment, or also several cascade motors for a multiplication of efficiency, etc. Obtaining a multitude of possibilities of the embodiment.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

For illustrative and non-limiting purposes, for greater compression, a basic system has been represented with the following figures:

Figure 1

1-Phase 1 (Hot focus with external energy) 2-Phase 2 1 (Hot focus with own energy) 3-Phase 31 (Cold focus with own energy) 4-Cold equipment 5-Batteries 6 A and B-Generator 1

7- Absorber - evaporator (Air inlet and outlet to generate high performance cold) 8-Environment

9-External heat 10-Total output energy 30- Cold output (Air) 101 -Direction of thermal energy 102-Direction of the flow of chemical elements within the cycles 103-Mechanical energy 104-Electrical energy 105- Air circulation

Figure 2

11 -Evaporator first cycle (Similar in the three phases) 12-15-18-21 Turbines (Similar in the three phases) 13-16-19 Condensers - Evaporators (Similar in the three phases) 14-17-20-23 Recirculation pumps (Similar in the three phases) 22- Condenser of the last cycle (Similar in the three phases) 1001 Cycle 1 1002 cycle 2 1003 cycle 3 10 .. Etc. It will depend on the amount of extra cycles

Claims

1. Energy generating device, characterized by being basically comprised of: A phase (1) of hot spot powered by external energy (9), generated by any means (Solar, electric, hydrocarbons, etc.)

An electric generator (6) that converts the mechanical energy of phase 1 (1) into electricity.

A battery (5) that stores the generated electrical energy. A cold equipment (4) powered by the phase (1) directly, or by the batteries (5) or by some kind of external energy. This cold equipment is used to provide heat and cold to phases 2 (2) and 3 (3).

A phase, for example Ia 2 (2), which receives heat from the cold equipment. Similar to phase 1 (1) Another phase, for example Ia 3 (3), which receives cold from the cold equipment (4).

One or several generators (6 ^a , 6B, etc.) that convert the kinetic energy of the phases into electricity.

Control systems that can comprise control valves, actuators, controllers, probes, sensors, regulators, indicators, positioners, servomechanisms, sincros and variators, etc., necessary for the control of the operation of the system in all its parts (cycles, phases, chillers etc.)

2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the phases (1, 2 and 3) comprise several cycles (1001, 1002, 1003, etc.).

3. Device according to claims 2, characterized in that each cycle (1001, 1002, 1003, etc.) is composed of at least one: an evaporator, a pressure or flow regulator, a turbine, a condenser, a recirculation pump, valves control, actuators, controllers, probes, sensors, regulators etc., necessary for the control of the operation of the system in all its parts.

4. Device according to claim 3, characterized in that each of the cycles (1001, 1002, 1003, etc.) comprises elements or compounds Chemicals with different boiling points to take advantage of the energy between cycles.

5. Device according to claims 3 and 4, characterized in that the thermal cycles (1001, 1002, 1003, etc.) are placed stepwise (according to the boiling temperatures) to take advantage of the thermal energy not used in the previous cycle.

Device according to claims 3, 4 and 5, characterized in that the axes of the turbines of the cycles (1001, 1002, 1003, etc.) that make up each phase can be linked together.

7. Device according to claims 2,3 and 4, characterized in that the cycles comprise at least one heat exchanger between condenser of the previous cycle and evaporator of the following cycle to link the cycles and take advantage of the energy between them.

8. Device according to claims 2, 3 and 4, characterized in that the phases comprise shaft couplings together or individually.

9. Device according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the source of thermal energy necessary for phase 1 (1) can be generated by any type of external means (electricity, biofuel, solar, etc.)

10. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the motor comprises a cooling unit that can be powered by the batteries (5) or by external electricity or by phase 1.

11. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the engine comprises a cooling unit (4) that takes advantage of the heat performance according to EER and increases the thermal energy (heat).

12. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the engine comprises a cold equipment (4) that takes advantage of the cold performance according to COP and increases the engine performance.

13. Device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the motor comprises a cooling unit (4) to create a new phase by means of the heat generated in it.

14. Device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the engine comprises a cooling unit (4) to create another a new phase by means of the cold generated therein.

15. Device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the motor comprises phases (1, 2, 3, etc.) that can produce energy without the need to accumulate it in batteries and yield it directly to the outside.

16. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the generators can be direct or alternating current.

17. Device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the motor comprises a generator that can be moved by the set of phases or independently.

18. Device according to claims 1 and 15, characterized in that the motor can comprise batteries (5) that can be independent for the phases (1, 2, 3).

19. Device according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the motor comprises a power generation system, by inverse or negative technique, in the phase fed by the internal cold energy (the motor itself) provided by the internal cold equipment (4 ) or to be able to feed it, also, by external energy (external cold equipment).

20. Device according to any of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the motor can comprise a phase (3) that can serve as a high performance refrigeration equipment.

21. Device according to claim 1, 3, 4, and 5, characterized in that the motor can comprise that the capacitors of the last cycles take advantage of the thermal energy of the phases (fed with hot focus) so that it can serve as heating.

22. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the motor comprises any combination of cold equipment (4) in any arrangement to increase cold thermal margin and efficiency. (Teams of cold in series, in parallel or mixed), to increase the COP or the EER or the temperature of cold or heat

23. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the motor comprises a system that mainly uses the thermal energy contained in the atmosphere to generate mechanical energy.

24. Device according to claim 1, characterized in any combination of embodiments, according to needs (safety, size, weight, power, etc.). As for example, by way of illustration and not limitation, the following: Phase 1, more phase 2, more phase 3, more cold equipment (It is the one described here as basic).

Or phase 2, more phase 3, more cold equipment. Or also phase 3 plus cold equipment.

Or several phases 3 with several cold equipment. Or several phases 3 with external cooling equipment, etc.

25. Device according to claim 24, characterized in that it comprises any new utility that uses any of the embodiments, to obtain a new use. As for example: water desalination system, through the use of a chemical compound that reaches -1, 5 ^or C in the first cycle of phase 3 to separate the fresh water from the salt.