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WO2009080114A1 - Procédé et appareil de distribution de contenu multimédia dans un réseau de communications - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil de distribution de contenu multimédia dans un réseau de communications Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009080114A1
WO2009080114A1 PCT/EP2007/064447 EP2007064447W WO2009080114A1 WO 2009080114 A1 WO2009080114 A1 WO 2009080114A1 EP 2007064447 W EP2007064447 W EP 2007064447W WO 2009080114 A1 WO2009080114 A1 WO 2009080114A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
node
key
network
media
fragments
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2007/064447
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Andreas Ljunggren
Robert Skog
Original Assignee
Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ)
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) filed Critical Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ)
Priority to GB1008236A priority Critical patent/GB2468057A/en
Priority to PCT/EP2007/064447 priority patent/WO2009080114A1/fr
Publication of WO2009080114A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009080114A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
    • H04L67/104—Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/60—Network streaming of media packets
    • H04L65/70—Media network packetisation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/60—Network streaming of media packets
    • H04L65/75—Media network packet handling
    • H04L65/765—Media network packet handling intermediate
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
    • H04L67/104—Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks
    • H04L67/1061—Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks using node-based peer discovery mechanisms
    • H04L67/1065—Discovery involving distributed pre-established resource-based relationships among peers, e.g. based on distributed hash tables [DHT] 
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
    • H04L67/104—Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks
    • H04L67/1074—Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks for supporting data block transmission mechanisms
    • H04L67/1078—Resource delivery mechanisms
    • H04L67/108—Resource delivery mechanisms characterised by resources being split in blocks or fragments
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
    • H04L67/104—Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks
    • H04L67/1074—Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks for supporting data block transmission mechanisms
    • H04L67/1078—Resource delivery mechanisms
    • H04L67/1085—Resource delivery mechanisms involving dynamic management of active down- or uploading connections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/438—Interfacing the downstream path of the transmission network originating from a server, e.g. retrieving encoded video stream packets from an IP network
    • H04N21/4383—Accessing a communication channel
    • H04N21/4384—Accessing a communication channel involving operations to reduce the access time, e.g. fast-tuning for reducing channel switching latency
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/47—End-user applications
    • H04N21/478—Supplemental services, e.g. displaying phone caller identification, shopping application
    • H04N21/4788—Supplemental services, e.g. displaying phone caller identification, shopping application communicating with other users, e.g. chatting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/60—Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/63—Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
    • H04N21/643—Communication protocols
    • H04N21/64322—IP
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/80—Generation or processing of content or additional data by content creator independently of the distribution process; Content per se
    • H04N21/83—Generation or processing of protective or descriptive data associated with content; Content structuring
    • H04N21/84—Generation or processing of descriptive data, e.g. content descriptors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/16—Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems
    • H04N7/173—Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems with two-way working, e.g. subscriber sending a programme selection signal
    • H04N7/17309—Transmission or handling of upstream communications

Definitions

  • Linear content delivery in which all channels in a subscription are simultaneously delivered to a user's set top box (STB), is not suitable for IPTV, as IPTV has limited bandwidth available over a broadband connection.
  • a typical ADSL broadband connection provides a capacity of between 3 and 8 Mbps, and ADSL2 promises to deliver up to 25 Mbps downstream, whereas VDSL can provide a capacity of greater than 30 Mbps.
  • Standard quality MPEG 2 IPTV content requires 2 Mbps per channel, and HDTV will require around 8-10 Mbps per channel.
  • the MPEG 4 standard will approximately halve the bandwidth required to deliver IPTV content with the same quality. Nevertheless, the available bandwidth is a scarce resource, and IPTV solutions must limit the number of channels that can be delivered simultaneously.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a known way of distributing media in which an IPTV media stream originates in a service provider network 1 , is passed to a core network 2, is further passed into a metro network 3, and finally is sent via access networks 4 to each home network 5 that contains an STB that wishes to receive the media stream.
  • Networks can quickly become saturated due to heavy traffic loads.
  • content can be multicast to reduce bandwidth demands for broadcast TV distribution.
  • Video on Demand (VoD) services can be handled by VoD cache servers located close to the end-user.
  • such caches require additional investment, and many routers would need to be replaced, as existing routers may not support IPTV multicasts.
  • IPTV media stream can be delivered to a STB from another STB, from a media injector from which the stream originates, or from any other peer in the network.
  • the IPTV P2P requires a media injector in order to introduce the IPTV media stream into the network, although the media injector is not a true peer in the network in the sense that it only sends data but does not receive data from the peers.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic representation of a simple IPTV P2P network 1.
  • the network 1 includes an IPTV back-end 6 and two STBs STB1 and STB2.
  • Each STB includes a P2P network interface 12, 13 to which is connected a video decoder 9, 11.
  • STB1 receives the IPTV media stream from both STB2 and the IPTV back-end 6, which injects either streaming content or content from a database 7 using a P2P media injector 8.
  • other network nodes may be peers in the network.
  • IPTV media stream is used herein to refer to any kind of data having real time requirements, and includes Video on Demand, user generated TV content, interactive TV, interactive or co-operative games, or audio media.
  • the media stream is to be delivered to the user such that the user can observe the media content at a constant rate without interruptions or delays.
  • MPEG media streams contain different frames, such as l-frames, P- frames and B-frames.
  • l-frames do not depend on data contained in the preceding or following frames, as they contain a complete picture.
  • P-frames provide more compression than l-frames because they utilize data contained in the previous l-frame or P-frame.
  • B-frames are similar to P- frames, except that B-frames interpolate data contained in the following frame as well as the preceding frame.
  • B-frames usually provide more compression than P-frames.
  • every 15th frame or so is an l-frame.
  • P-frames and B- frames might follow an l-frame as follows: IBBPBBPBBPBB(I). The order and number of frames in the sequence can be varied.
  • the media stream includes payload data and metadata.
  • the payload data is the media data itself, and is decoded and shown by the receiver.
  • Payload data typically comprises frames as described above.
  • the metadata includes all other data in the media stream. This may be, for example, data describing the payload data, or information establishing signalling between two peers.
  • the media stream is sent in "fragments". Fragments are discrete portions of the media stream containing both the payload data and the metadata.
  • a node for delivering streaming media in a non-linear network, when the media is encoded into a plurality of key frames separated by subsidiary frames.
  • the peer node comprises a buffer arranged to store fragments containing media frames (and usually also metadata).
  • a receiver is arranged to receive a media subscription request from another peer in the network.
  • a controller is arranged to select a key fragment stored in the buffer, said key fragment containing all or part of a key frame, and a transmitter is arranged to send the selected key fragment to the other peer node.
  • the selected key fragment may also include metadata, which may identify that the fragment contains all or part of a key frame.
  • each fragment could correspond exactly to one frame, if the data is not fragmented.
  • the initial selection of key fragment(s) containing a key frame may include the selection of fragment(s) containing two or more key frames, which are all sent to the other node.
  • a method for distributing streaming media in a non-linear network preferably an IPTV P2P network, when the media is encoded into fragments comprising a plurality of key frames separated by subsidiary frames and stored in a buffer in a first node in the network.
  • the method comprises sending a media subscription request from a second node in the network to the first node.
  • One or more key fragments stored in the buffer of the first node are selected, said one or more key fragments containing a key frame.
  • the selected key fragment(s) are sent from the first peer node to the second peer node, where it or they are decoded to recover the key frame.
  • a picture can then be displayed.
  • apparatus for use in a network comprising means for performing a method according to the third aspect of the present invention.
  • a program which, when loaded into an apparatus, causes the apparatus to become an apparatus according to the fourth aspect of the present invention.
  • the program may be carried on a carrier medium, which may be a storage medium or a transmission medium.
  • an apparatus programmed by a program according to the fifth or sixth aspect of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 illustrates schematically in a block diagram a media injector and two Set Top
  • Figure 4 illustrates schematically in a block diagram the signalling required to initiate an
  • Figure 6 illustrates schematically in a block diagram keep alive messages sent by a Set
  • Figure 7 illustrates the initial delivery of a fragment containing a key frame to a Set Top Box
  • Figure 8 is a schematic block diagram of a STB
  • Figure 9 is a schematic illustration of a buffer
  • Figure 10 is a flow diagram illustrating the delivery of media to a STB.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates typical signalling required to initiate an IPTV broadcast with a first STB STB1.
  • the video decoder 9 in STB1 receives an instruction from a user to start channel X. This is relayed to the P2P network interface 12 in STB1 , which sends a request to a STB manager 10 in the IPTV back-end to join channel X.
  • the STB Manager 10 returns a peer list to the network interface 12 in STB1 , but no IPTV media stream.
  • the peer list includes the P2P media injector 8. Since the media injector can be considered as a peer in the network it is hereinafter referred to as STBO.
  • the network interface 12 in STB1 then sends a request to join channel X to STBO.
  • STBO receives an IPTV media stream from an IPTV media stream source (for example from the database 7 shown in Figure 3), and sends a peer list and an IPTV media stream comprising fragments of frames to the network interface 12 of STB1.
  • the network interface 12 sends the frames to the video decoder 9 in STB1 , which can then show the IPTV media stream to the user.
  • Figure 5 illustrates typical signalling required to initiate an IPTV broadcast with a further STB STB2.
  • STB1 is already receiving an IPTV media stream from STBO.
  • the network interface 13 in STB2 sends a request join channel X to the STB manager 10.
  • the STB manager 10 returns a peer list but no payload to STB2.
  • the peer list includes STBO and STB1 , as these are both possible sources for the IPTV media stream.
  • the network interface 13 in STB2 then sends a request to each of STBO and STB1 to join channel X.
  • STBO and STB1 each send a peer list and IPTV data stream to the network interface 13 in STB2, which passes the frames of the IPTV media stream to the video decoder.
  • All peers in the P2P network may send each other "keep alive" messages, as illustrated in Figure 6, to ensure that each STB is included in the list of peers and can both send and receive IPTV media streams.
  • Figure 7 illustrates the signalling required to ensure a fast channel switch.
  • STB2 is subscribed to channel X, and is currently receiving media from STBO but not STB1 (using the references of Figure 5).
  • STB1 is currently subscribed to channel Y.
  • the user of STB2 requests a channel change (e.g. to channel Y)
  • she sends an instruction to her video decoder 1 1 , which is relayed to the network interface 13 in STB2.
  • the network interface 13 of STB2 sends a request to STB1 to subscribe to channel Y.
  • STB1 immediately looks into its buffer to find a media fragment or fragments containing a suitable key frame with which to start the streaming, and sends the fragment(s) containing the key frame, together with any other metadata that is required (e.g. an indication that this fragment contains a key frame) back to STB2.
  • the network interface 13 of STB2 decodes the fragments and passes the key frame directly to the video decoder 1 1. This allows STB2 to show a picture to the viewer almost instantly, thus allowing for extremely fast channel switching times.
  • T time between the initial channel change instruction and the picture appearing: this will be determined by the network speed, and the processing speed of STB2.
  • Theoretically a channel change can be in the range of milliseconds.
  • the network interface 13 of STB2 also sends a request for additional content to the STB1 , and additional fragments are then sent from STB1 to STB2. These fragments may be sent in a continuous stream, or in response to additional requests sent by STB2. The frames contained in the additional fragments are passed to the video decoder 11 for display.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic illustration of a buffer 21 ofSTBL
  • the buffer 21 contains fragments 38-47 containing frames of a media channel. Each fragment may contain part of a frame, or a whole frame, or more than one frame.
  • the buffer may be a sliding buffer or ring buffer, or any suitable type known in the art, and it will be appreciated that Figure 8 effectively shows a "snapshot" in time, and the fragments contained in the buffer will change over time.
  • the fragments are fetched from STBO and uploaded into the buffer.
  • the fragment most recently stored into the buffer is fragment 47: beyond this the buffer contains empty fragments.
  • Some of the fragments held in the buffer contain a key frame: in this example, such fragments are marked in bold, as 40I.
  • a frame contained in fragment 45 is passed to the video decoder for decoding and display.
  • the fragments containing frames of that channel are sent to that peer.
  • the first fragment to be sent will not be fragment 45, but a fragment in the buffer containing a key frame: in this case, data transmission to STB2 will begin with fragment 40I.
  • the receiver may be implemented as a software module in a television set, which will then be able to receive IPTV from the network and display it to the user.
  • the set-top box is implemented as a software module, for example in a personal computer or other terminal having data processing capabilities.
  • the stream can then be forwarded from the set-top box to any display unit, including a television set, or the computer's own display for display to the user.
  • Figure 10 is a flow diagram illustrating a sequence of actions when a new channel subscription request is received at a peer in the network.
  • S3 The fragment or fragments containing the identified key frame(s), together with any associated metadata, is sent to the requesting node.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Two-Way Televisions, Distribution Of Moving Picture Or The Like (AREA)
  • Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)

Abstract

L’invention concerne un procédé et un appareil de distribution de contenu multimédia dans un réseau pair à pair de télévision sur Internet. Le contenu multimédia est codé en fragments comprenant plusieurs images clés séparées par des images secondaires. Les fragments sont stockés dans une mémoire tampon du premier nœud du réseau. Le procédé consiste à envoyer une demande d'abonnement à une nouvelle chaîne au premier nœud, à partir d'un second nœud du réseau. Un ou plusieurs fragments de base contenant une image clé sont choisis parmi les fragments stockés dans la mémoire tampon du premier nœud et envoyés au second nœud. Le second nœud décode le(s) fragment(s) afin de récupérer l'image clé et d'afficher une image correspondante, ce qui réduit le temps d'attente lorsque l'utilisateur change de chaîne.
PCT/EP2007/064447 2007-12-21 2007-12-21 Procédé et appareil de distribution de contenu multimédia dans un réseau de communications WO2009080114A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1008236A GB2468057A (en) 2007-12-21 2007-12-21 Method and apparatus for distributing media over a communications network
PCT/EP2007/064447 WO2009080114A1 (fr) 2007-12-21 2007-12-21 Procédé et appareil de distribution de contenu multimédia dans un réseau de communications

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2007/064447 WO2009080114A1 (fr) 2007-12-21 2007-12-21 Procédé et appareil de distribution de contenu multimédia dans un réseau de communications

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009080114A1 true WO2009080114A1 (fr) 2009-07-02

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2007/064447 WO2009080114A1 (fr) 2007-12-21 2007-12-21 Procédé et appareil de distribution de contenu multimédia dans un réseau de communications

Country Status (2)

Country Link
GB (1) GB2468057A (fr)
WO (1) WO2009080114A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2968500A1 (fr) * 2010-12-06 2012-06-08 Neotion Procede pour le partage d'une emission de television enregistree par des enregistreurs numeriques connectes entre eux.
DE102011107161A1 (de) * 2011-07-13 2013-01-17 Pierre-Alain Cotte Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zum verzögerungsarmen Ein- oder Umschalten auf ein digitales Videosignal
EP2543186A4 (fr) * 2010-03-05 2017-11-01 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd Appareil et procédé pour fournir un service de diffusion en continu dans un réseau de communication de données

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050190781A1 (en) * 2004-02-27 2005-09-01 Microsoft Corporation Media stream splicer
EP1643716A1 (fr) * 2004-09-03 2006-04-05 Microsoft Corporation Dispositif et procédé de flux continu piloté par un récepteur dans un réseau point-à-point
US20060085828A1 (en) * 2004-10-15 2006-04-20 Vincent Dureau Speeding up channel change
US20070160038A1 (en) * 2006-01-09 2007-07-12 Sbc Knowledge Ventures, L.P. Fast channel change apparatus and method for IPTV
WO2007095309A2 (fr) * 2006-02-13 2007-08-23 Tvu Networks Corporation Procédés, appareil et systèmes pour fournir un contenu multimédia via un réseau de télécommunication

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050190781A1 (en) * 2004-02-27 2005-09-01 Microsoft Corporation Media stream splicer
EP1643716A1 (fr) * 2004-09-03 2006-04-05 Microsoft Corporation Dispositif et procédé de flux continu piloté par un récepteur dans un réseau point-à-point
US20060085828A1 (en) * 2004-10-15 2006-04-20 Vincent Dureau Speeding up channel change
US20070160038A1 (en) * 2006-01-09 2007-07-12 Sbc Knowledge Ventures, L.P. Fast channel change apparatus and method for IPTV
WO2007095309A2 (fr) * 2006-02-13 2007-08-23 Tvu Networks Corporation Procédés, appareil et systèmes pour fournir un contenu multimédia via un réseau de télécommunication

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2543186A4 (fr) * 2010-03-05 2017-11-01 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd Appareil et procédé pour fournir un service de diffusion en continu dans un réseau de communication de données
FR2968500A1 (fr) * 2010-12-06 2012-06-08 Neotion Procede pour le partage d'une emission de television enregistree par des enregistreurs numeriques connectes entre eux.
DE102011107161A1 (de) * 2011-07-13 2013-01-17 Pierre-Alain Cotte Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zum verzögerungsarmen Ein- oder Umschalten auf ein digitales Videosignal

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB201008236D0 (en) 2010-06-30
GB2468057A (en) 2010-08-25

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