WO2008070922A1 - Flux chamber - Google Patents
Flux chamber Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2008070922A1 WO2008070922A1 PCT/AU2007/001927 AU2007001927W WO2008070922A1 WO 2008070922 A1 WO2008070922 A1 WO 2008070922A1 AU 2007001927 W AU2007001927 W AU 2007001927W WO 2008070922 A1 WO2008070922 A1 WO 2008070922A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- chamber
- flux
- gases
- accumulation
- accumulation chamber
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 206010016825 Flushing Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002680 soil gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009919 sequestration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000155 isotopic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000619 316 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000544 Gore-Tex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002547 anomalous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012625 in-situ measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052704 radon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYUHGPGVQRZVTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N radon atom Chemical compound [Rn] SYUHGPGVQRZVTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
- G01N33/0026—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment using an alternating circulation of another gas
Definitions
- This invention concerns a flux chamber suitable for measuring subsurface gas fluxes.
- the invention is a method for operating the flux chamber.
- Carbon Dioxide Geosequestration is developing into a viable means of reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions to the atmosphere and so reducing the anthropogenic contribution to global warming.
- CO2 Geosequestration is a complex subject involving experts from many fields, and one of the areas of interest is the environmental monitoring of a sequestration site.
- One objective of industry and regulators is to ensure that the sequestration activity does not have an adverse effect on the environment.
- CO2 may seep up to the surface from its underground natural storage site and at a high enough rate to affect the water table, surface vegetation, or in extreme circumstances pose a risk to human and animal health.
- As part of the environmental assurance monitoring it is desirable to monitor subsurface CO2 and Methane (CH4) as a means of detecting anomalous measurements which may be associated with the sequestration operations.
- CH4 Methane
- the most prevalent method for measuring soil gas is to drive a hollow tube into the ground and to extract a small gas sample from this tube for analysis in the laboratory.
- This technique offers high precision measurements of gases such as carbon dioxide and methane as well as isotopic analyses of these gases; an isotopic analysis is a useful aid in establishing whether the source of carbon dioxide or methane is predominantly biological (plants and bacteria) or geological (fossil fuels).
- this technique is labour intensive and is not suitable for long-term continuous monitoring.
- Gas flux which is the amount of a gas emitted per area over a period of time, can be estimated for the subsurface using soil gas concentration measurements and models of the permeability of the soil in which the measurement was made.
- This technique is subject to large errors due to the lack of adequate soil gas permeability measurements.
- the common method of gas flux measurement is to place a 'flux chamber' on the surface of a patch of ground and to sample and measure gas concentrations in that chamber at regular intervals of time.
- the chief disadvantage of using such a flux chamber is that, in most areas, the observed gas flux will be due primarily to biological activity in a shallow portion of the top soil.
- the invention is a flux chamber suitable for burial in the ground for long periods of time where it measures the subsurface gas fluxes.
- the flux chamber comprises:
- a gas sensor within the accumulation chamber to measure the concentration of the gas or gases of interest.
- a filter or semi-permeable membrane may be located at the lower end of the accumulation chamber to allow gases to enter the accumulation chamber but reject liquid water, dirt, and other undesirable substances.
- Such a device offers measurements complementary to existing equipment, which are of value primarily to monitoring carbon dioxide at geosequestration sites.
- the flux chamber may comprise a bell which could be manufactured from stainless steel.
- the pipes extending above the accumulation chamber may be fitted with valves to isolate the chamber and control ingress and egress of gases.
- a mechanical guard may be located at the lower end of the accumulation chamber below the semi-permeable membrane to assist in rejecting solids.
- the accumulation chamber contains an integral gas sensor and thus avoids dilution problems associated with extracting samples for analysis.
- the subsurface flux chamber allows frequent in-situ measurements of gas concentrations at any particular depth required by operational procedures. Furthermore, the measurements can easily be converted to flux values.
- the subsurface flux chamber may be installed at any desired depth, typically to avoid the large gas fluxes associated with topsoil biological activity.
- An environmental sensor suite may also be placed within the accumulation chamber to provide the pressure, temperature, and humidity measurements needed to obtain the most precise calculations of gas concentrations and fluxes.
- Computer memory may be provided in the device for storage of data.
- a transmitter may be provided to relay the data back to base.
- the flux chamber may be linked to a communications network, particularly a mobile communications network, so that it can automatically and periodically report the results of its activities, for instance by short message.
- the invention is a method for measuring subsurface gas fluxes, comprising the steps of:
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a subsurface flux chamber. Best Modes of the Invention
- the subsurface flux chamber 10 has an inlet pipe 12 and an outlet pipe 14 extending vertically upwards from the chamber. At the above ground end of the inlet pipe 12, there is a filter 16 to keep out dust and liquid water, and a pump 18 to move air. At the above ground end of the outlet pipe 14 there is also a filter 20.
- the flux chamber 10 is manufactured from a material which can withstand soil conditions over long periods of time; thermally conducting materials such as 316 Stainless Steel are preferred to less thermally conductive materials like poly vinyl chloride (PVC) since thermal equilibrium with the environment is desirable.
- the flux chamber 10 is essentially a bell, sealed at the top and sides and open at the bottom to the gases of interest.
- an electronics enclosure 22 which contains circuitry essential to operation.
- an accumulation chamber 24 sealed on the sides and top in which gases are accumulated from below, a gas sensor 26 and an environmental sensor suite 28 for measuring the pressure, temperature, and humidity of the gas in the chamber.
- the gas sensor 26 will usually be compact devices such as 'pellistors' or the Vaisala Carbocap® as examples.
- the electronics within the chamber are minimised to prevent them from influencing the gas fluxes by, for example, warming the immediate environment.
- the bulk of the electronics is contained in the electronics enclosure 22 with essential wiring passing through the chamber wall via airtight electrical feedthroughs (not shown).
- a filter or semipermeable membrane 30 is positioned at the bottom of the accumulation chamber 24 to allow gases of interest to enter the accumulation chamber but reject liquid water, dirt, and other undesirable substances.
- a mechanical guard 32 is also provided for physical protection of the filter/membrane 30.
- the filter/membrane 30 may be any porous or semipermeable material which does not react in the soil environment; such materials may include fine stainless steel mesh, porous ceramic, polyethylene mesh, laser perforated membranes (metallic or otherwise), or any number of semipermeable materials available from W.L.Gore and Associates, including GORE-TEX® or similar materials.
- Valves 34 and 36 are located in the inlet 12 and outlet 14 pipes to isolate the accumulation chamber 24 and control the ingress and egress of gases to and from it.
- a flood sensor 38 is located inside the accumulation chamber 24 just above the membrane 30, to provide a warning of rising water levels or damage to the membrane. In the event of a flood the sensor's warning is used to shut down the flux chamber operations until the water level recedes.
- the flux chamber 10 and accumulation chamber 24 can be built to any size necessary, however since the flux chamber is to be buried in the ground a small size is desirable.
- the flux chamber 10 is buried below the topsoil, so that it does not collect gases that are strongly influenced by biological activity in the topsoil.
- the accumulation chamber 24 is flushed with air from the atmosphere via the inlet 12 and outlet 14 pipes, filters 16 and 20 and pump 18.
- the general airflow is indicated in the drawing by arrows.
- the accumulation chamber 24 is then isolated via the valves 34 and 36 in the pipes 12 and 14.
- the soil gases 40 are then allowed to permeate and build up in the accumulation chamber 24 over an appropriate period of time; this is known as the accumulation stage.
- the concentration of the gas or gases of interest is measured at regular intervals using the gas sensor 26. For instance the concentration of carbon dioxide, methane, or both, within the accumulation chamber may be measured.
- An absolute flux can be estimated based on the internal volume of the accumulation chamber, and the permeability and area of the filter/membrane 30.
- the optional environmental sensor package 28 can be used to measure the pressure, temperature, and humidity of the air within the accumulation chamber 24. These measurements are essential for correcting gas measurements if the most precise values are desired.
- the environmental sensors may also provide indirect information about the overall condition of the sensor. Periodically, the accumulation chamber 24 is flushed again and the cycle of operation recommenced.
- an optional skirting may be built into or attached to the lower part of the accumulation chamber to improve flux measurements in conditions where the filter/membrane may provide enough resistance to gas permeation to cause the gas which would otherwise be accumulated to leak around the outer surface of the accumulation chamber.
- the electronics enclosure is not necessarily integrated into the accumulation chamber since heat generated by the electronics may affect the performance of the system. As a result the electronics enclosure may be separated from the accumulation chamber if it is found to influence gas fluxes by warming up the soil in the vicinity of the accumulation chamber.
- the pump can flush the gas in the accumulation chamber either by pressurising the chamber and allowing gases to vent through the second tubing, or by pumping gases out of the chamber and allowing air to come in through the second tubing.
- the lengths and termination of the inlet and outlet pipes within the accumulation chamber are of some importance and will vary according to whether a tube is functioning as an inlet or outlet and requirements of optimal flushing of the chamber while preventing spattering of dirt onto the gas sensor.
- the gas sensor can measure other gases besides CO2 and CH4, for instance it could measure total hydrocarbons or radon, or many others.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Abstract
In a first aspect the invention is a flux chamber for the subsurface measurement of gas fluxes. It comprises an accumulation chamber which, in use, is regularly flushed with air from the atmosphere, a filter or semi-permeable membrane to allow gases of interest into the accumulation chamber but to reject liquid water, dirt and other undesirable substances. Also, an integrated gas sensor to measure the concentration of gases of interest, which include carbon dioxide and methane. The device is useful for monitoring of carbon dioxide geosequestration sites. In a further aspect the invention is a method for using the device.
Description
Flux Chamber
Technical Field
This invention concerns a flux chamber suitable for measuring subsurface gas fluxes. In a further aspect the invention is a method for operating the flux chamber.
Background Art
Carbon Dioxide Geosequestration is developing into a viable means of reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions to the atmosphere and so reducing the anthropogenic contribution to global warming. CO2 Geosequestration is a complex subject involving experts from many fields, and one of the areas of interest is the environmental monitoring of a sequestration site. One objective of industry and regulators is to ensure that the sequestration activity does not have an adverse effect on the environment. There is some public concern that CO2 may seep up to the surface from its underground natural storage site and at a high enough rate to affect the water table, surface vegetation, or in extreme circumstances pose a risk to human and animal health. As part of the environmental assurance monitoring it is desirable to monitor subsurface CO2 and Methane (CH4) as a means of detecting anomalous measurements which may be associated with the sequestration operations.
The most prevalent method for measuring soil gas is to drive a hollow tube into the ground and to extract a small gas sample from this tube for analysis in the laboratory. This technique offers high precision measurements of gases such as carbon dioxide and methane as well as isotopic analyses of these gases; an isotopic analysis is a useful aid in establishing whether the source of carbon dioxide or methane is predominantly biological (plants and bacteria) or geological (fossil fuels). However this technique is labour intensive and is not suitable for long-term continuous monitoring.
Gas flux, which is the amount of a gas emitted per area over a period of time, can be estimated for the subsurface using soil gas concentration measurements and models of the permeability of the soil in which the measurement was made. However; this technique is subject to large errors due to the lack of adequate soil gas permeability measurements.
The common method of gas flux measurement is to place a 'flux chamber' on the surface of a patch of ground and to sample and measure gas concentrations in that chamber at regular intervals of time. The chief disadvantage of using such a flux chamber is that, in most areas, the observed gas flux will be due primarily to biological activity in a shallow portion of the top soil.
Disclosure of the Invention
The invention is a flux chamber suitable for burial in the ground for long periods of time where it measures the subsurface gas fluxes. The flux chamber comprises:
An accumulation chamber and pipes extending above it into the atmosphere by which it can be flushed with air from the atmosphere from time to time. And,
A gas sensor within the accumulation chamber to measure the concentration of the gas or gases of interest.
A filter or semi-permeable membrane may be located at the lower end of the accumulation chamber to allow gases to enter the accumulation chamber but reject liquid water, dirt, and other undesirable substances.
Such a device offers measurements complementary to existing equipment, which are of value primarily to monitoring carbon dioxide at geosequestration sites.
The flux chamber may comprise a bell which could be manufactured from stainless steel.
The pipes extending above the accumulation chamber may be fitted with valves to isolate the chamber and control ingress and egress of gases.
A mechanical guard may be located at the lower end of the accumulation chamber below the semi-permeable membrane to assist in rejecting solids.
The accumulation chamber contains an integral gas sensor and thus avoids dilution problems associated with extracting samples for analysis.
The subsurface flux chamber allows frequent in-situ measurements of gas concentrations at any particular depth required by operational procedures. Furthermore, the measurements can easily be converted to flux values.
The subsurface flux chamber may be installed at any desired depth, typically to avoid the large gas fluxes associated with topsoil biological activity.
An environmental sensor suite may also be placed within the accumulation chamber to provide the pressure, temperature, and humidity measurements needed to obtain the most precise calculations of gas concentrations and fluxes.
Computer memory may be provided in the device for storage of data. Alternatively, or in addition a transmitter may be provided to relay the data back to base.
The flux chamber may be linked to a communications network, particularly a mobile communications network, so that it can automatically and periodically report the results of its activities, for instance by short message.
In a further aspect the invention is a method for measuring subsurface gas fluxes, comprising the steps of:
Burying a flux chamber, as defined above, in the ground at a depth determined to be suitable for operation.
Periodically flushing the accumulation chamber with fresh atmospheric air. Between flushings, accumulating gases rising through the ground below the accumulation chamber and into chamber. And,
Measuring the concentration of a gas or gases of interest in the accumulation chamber.
Brief Description of the Drawings
An example of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying Fig. 1 which is a schematic diagram of a subsurface flux chamber.
Best Modes of the Invention
The subsurface flux chamber 10 has an inlet pipe 12 and an outlet pipe 14 extending vertically upwards from the chamber. At the above ground end of the inlet pipe 12, there is a filter 16 to keep out dust and liquid water, and a pump 18 to move air. At the above ground end of the outlet pipe 14 there is also a filter 20.
The flux chamber 10 is manufactured from a material which can withstand soil conditions over long periods of time; thermally conducting materials such as 316 Stainless Steel are preferred to less thermally conductive materials like poly vinyl chloride (PVC) since thermal equilibrium with the environment is desirable. The flux chamber 10 is essentially a bell, sealed at the top and sides and open at the bottom to the gases of interest.
Within the flux chamber 10 is an electronics enclosure 22 which contains circuitry essential to operation. There is also an accumulation chamber 24 sealed on the sides and top in which gases are accumulated from below, a gas sensor 26 and an environmental sensor suite 28 for measuring the pressure, temperature, and humidity of the gas in the chamber.
The gas sensor 26 will usually be compact devices such as 'pellistors' or the Vaisala Carbocap® as examples.
The electronics within the chamber are minimised to prevent them from influencing the gas fluxes by, for example, warming the immediate environment. The bulk of the electronics is contained in the electronics enclosure 22 with essential wiring passing through the chamber wall via airtight electrical feedthroughs (not shown).
A filter or semipermeable membrane 30 is positioned at the bottom of the accumulation chamber 24 to allow gases of interest to enter the accumulation chamber but reject liquid water, dirt, and other undesirable substances. A mechanical guard 32 is also provided for physical protection of the filter/membrane 30.
The filter/membrane 30 may be any porous or semipermeable material which does not react in the soil environment; such materials may include fine stainless steel mesh, porous ceramic, polyethylene mesh, laser perforated membranes (metallic or
otherwise), or any number of semipermeable materials available from W.L.Gore and Associates, including GORE-TEX® or similar materials.
Valves 34 and 36 are located in the inlet 12 and outlet 14 pipes to isolate the accumulation chamber 24 and control the ingress and egress of gases to and from it.
A flood sensor 38 is located inside the accumulation chamber 24 just above the membrane 30, to provide a warning of rising water levels or damage to the membrane. In the event of a flood the sensor's warning is used to shut down the flux chamber operations until the water level recedes.
The flux chamber 10 and accumulation chamber 24 can be built to any size necessary, however since the flux chamber is to be buried in the ground a small size is desirable.
For use, the flux chamber 10 is buried below the topsoil, so that it does not collect gases that are strongly influenced by biological activity in the topsoil.
In operation the accumulation chamber 24 is flushed with air from the atmosphere via the inlet 12 and outlet 14 pipes, filters 16 and 20 and pump 18. The general airflow is indicated in the drawing by arrows.
The accumulation chamber 24 is then isolated via the valves 34 and 36 in the pipes 12 and 14. The soil gases 40 are then allowed to permeate and build up in the accumulation chamber 24 over an appropriate period of time; this is known as the accumulation stage. During the accumulation stage the concentration of the gas or gases of interest is measured at regular intervals using the gas sensor 26. For instance the concentration of carbon dioxide, methane, or both, within the accumulation chamber may be measured. An absolute flux can be estimated based on the internal volume of the accumulation chamber, and the permeability and area of the filter/membrane 30.
The optional environmental sensor package 28 can be used to measure the pressure, temperature, and humidity of the air within the accumulation chamber 24. These measurements are essential for correcting gas measurements if the most precise values are desired. The environmental sensors may also provide indirect information about the overall condition of the sensor.
Periodically, the accumulation chamber 24 is flushed again and the cycle of operation recommenced.
Although the invention has been described with reference to a particular example, it should be appreciated that it could be exemplified in many other forms and in combination with other features not mentioned above. For instance, an optional skirting may be built into or attached to the lower part of the accumulation chamber to improve flux measurements in conditions where the filter/membrane may provide enough resistance to gas permeation to cause the gas which would otherwise be accumulated to leak around the outer surface of the accumulation chamber.
The electronics enclosure is not necessarily integrated into the accumulation chamber since heat generated by the electronics may affect the performance of the system. As a result the electronics enclosure may be separated from the accumulation chamber if it is found to influence gas fluxes by warming up the soil in the vicinity of the accumulation chamber.
It will be appreciated that the pump can flush the gas in the accumulation chamber either by pressurising the chamber and allowing gases to vent through the second tubing, or by pumping gases out of the chamber and allowing air to come in through the second tubing. The lengths and termination of the inlet and outlet pipes within the accumulation chamber are of some importance and will vary according to whether a tube is functioning as an inlet or outlet and requirements of optimal flushing of the chamber while preventing spattering of dirt onto the gas sensor.
Further, it will be appreciated that the gas sensor can measure other gases besides CO2 and CH4, for instance it could measure total hydrocarbons or radon, or many others.
Claims
1. A flux chamber suitable for burial in the ground for long periods of time where it measures the subsurface gas fluxes; wherein the flux chamber comprises: an accumulation chamber and pipes extending above it into the atmosphere by which it can be flushed with air from the atmosphere from time to time; and, a gas sensor within the accumulation chamber to measure the concentration of the gas or gases of interest.
2. A flux chamber according to claim 1, further comprising a filter or semi permeable membrane is located at the lower end of the accumulation chamber to allow gases to enter the accumulation chamber but reject liquid water, dirt, and other undesirable substances.
3. A flux chamber according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a flood sensor to provide warning in the event of rising water levels.
4. A flux chamber according to claim 1 , wherein the pipes extending above the accumulation chamber are fitted with valves to isolate the chamber and control ingress and egress of gases.
5. A flux chamber according to claim 2, further comprising a mechanical guard located at the lower end of the accumulation chamber below the semi-permeable membrane.
6. A flux chamber according to any preceding claim, further comprising an integral gas sensor in the accumulation chamber to measure the concentration of gases of interest within it.
7. A flux chamber according to claim 6, wherein the integral gas sensor measures the concentration of carbon dioxide within the chamber.
8. A flux chamber according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the integral gas sensor measures the concentration of methane within the chamber.
9. A flux chamber according to any preceding claim, further comprising an environmental sensor suite within the accumulation chamber to measure pressure, temperature, and humidity.
10. A flux chamber according to any preceding claim, further comprising computer memory for storage of data.
11. A flux chamber according to any preceding claim, further comprising a transmitter to relay measurements back to base.
12. A flux chamber according to claim 11 , wherein the transmitter provides a link to a communications network.
13. A method for measuring subsurface gas fluxes, comprising the steps of: burying a flux chamber, as claimed in claim 1 , in the ground at a depth determined to be suitable for operation; periodically flushing the accumulation chamber with fresh atmospheric air; between flushings, accumulating gases rising through the ground below the chamber in the accumulation chamber; and, measuring the concentration of a gas or gases of interest in the chamber.
14. A method according to claim 13, wherein the gases of interest include carbon dioxide.
15. A method according to claim 13 or 14, wherein the gases of interest include methane.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2007332157A AU2007332157A1 (en) | 2006-12-14 | 2007-12-13 | Flux chamber |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2006906995 | 2006-12-14 | ||
| AU2006906995A AU2006906995A0 (en) | 2006-12-14 | Flux Chamber |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2008070922A1 true WO2008070922A1 (en) | 2008-06-19 |
Family
ID=39511158
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/AU2007/001927 WO2008070922A1 (en) | 2006-12-14 | 2007-12-13 | Flux chamber |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU2007332157A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2008070922A1 (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2010069030A1 (en) * | 2008-12-15 | 2010-06-24 | St. Francis Xavier University | Method of measuring the flux of a soil gas |
| WO2012032306A1 (en) | 2010-09-10 | 2012-03-15 | The University Of York | A gas flux measurement system and method |
| WO2013020063A1 (en) * | 2011-08-03 | 2013-02-07 | Colorado State University Research Foundation | Gas flux measurement using traps |
| FR2983299A1 (en) * | 2011-11-24 | 2013-05-31 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | METHOD OF DETECTING A DEEP CO2 FLOW BY THE JOINT DETERMINATION OF THE CO2, N2 AND O2 COMPOSITION OF SOIL |
| CN104316645A (en) * | 2014-10-09 | 2015-01-28 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Soil CO2, CH4 and N2O Flux Collaborative Measurement Device |
| JP2015200525A (en) * | 2014-04-04 | 2015-11-12 | 国立大学法人九州大学 | Gas monitor device |
| WO2017078950A1 (en) | 2015-11-06 | 2017-05-11 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Gas sensor with a sealable sampling chamber |
| WO2019106379A3 (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2019-07-04 | Cniguard Ltd | Monitor for underground infrastructure |
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| JP2001141197A (en) * | 1999-11-15 | 2001-05-25 | Shimizu Corp | High pressure gas storage facility and leak detection method in high pressure gas storage facility |
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-
2007
- 2007-12-13 WO PCT/AU2007/001927 patent/WO2008070922A1/en active Application Filing
- 2007-12-13 AU AU2007332157A patent/AU2007332157A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3862576A (en) * | 1972-05-22 | 1975-01-28 | Louis August Pogorski | Geochemical exploration method |
| US4468588A (en) * | 1982-02-10 | 1984-08-28 | Rca Corporation | Cathode support structure for an in-line electron gun assembly |
| JP2001141197A (en) * | 1999-11-15 | 2001-05-25 | Shimizu Corp | High pressure gas storage facility and leak detection method in high pressure gas storage facility |
| US6543189B1 (en) * | 2000-01-10 | 2003-04-08 | Argent Industrial L.P. | Environmental protection and detection system |
| US6405135B1 (en) * | 2000-07-18 | 2002-06-11 | John J. Adriany | System for remote detection and notification of subterranean pollutants |
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| US8712692B2 (en) | 2008-12-15 | 2014-04-29 | St. Francis Xavier University | Method of measuring the flux of a soil gas |
| WO2012032306A1 (en) | 2010-09-10 | 2012-03-15 | The University Of York | A gas flux measurement system and method |
| WO2013020063A1 (en) * | 2011-08-03 | 2013-02-07 | Colorado State University Research Foundation | Gas flux measurement using traps |
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| FR2983299A1 (en) * | 2011-11-24 | 2013-05-31 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | METHOD OF DETECTING A DEEP CO2 FLOW BY THE JOINT DETERMINATION OF THE CO2, N2 AND O2 COMPOSITION OF SOIL |
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| AU2007332157A8 (en) | 2009-07-16 |
| AU2007332157A1 (en) | 2008-06-19 |
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