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WO2008058613A1 - Device for the treatment of drinking water - Google Patents

Device for the treatment of drinking water Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2008058613A1
WO2008058613A1 PCT/EP2007/009217 EP2007009217W WO2008058613A1 WO 2008058613 A1 WO2008058613 A1 WO 2008058613A1 EP 2007009217 W EP2007009217 W EP 2007009217W WO 2008058613 A1 WO2008058613 A1 WO 2008058613A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
drinking water
water treatment
treatment according
housing
water
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2007/009217
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Gregor Baumgartner
Chris Becke
Alexander Erz
Stephan Möhrle
Markus Steinberger
Lena Weigang
Original Assignee
Brita Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Brita Gmbh filed Critical Brita Gmbh
Publication of WO2008058613A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008058613A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
    • C02F1/002—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance using small portable filters for producing potable water, e.g. personal travel or emergency equipment, survival kits, combat gear
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
    • B01D61/025—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
    • B01D61/08—Apparatus therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
    • B01D61/10—Accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
    • B01D2313/24—Specific pressurizing or depressurizing means
    • B01D2313/243—Pumps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
    • B01D2313/50—Specific extra tanks
    • B01D2313/501—Permeate storage tanks
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C02F1/444—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by ultrafiltration or microfiltration
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/009—Apparatus with independent power supply, e.g. solar cells, windpower or fuel cells
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2/00—Rotary-piston machines or pumps
    • F04C2/08—Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
    • F04C2/12—Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type
    • F04C2/14—Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type with toothed rotary pistons
    • F04C2/18—Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type with toothed rotary pistons with similar tooth forms
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
    • Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
    • Y02A20/211—Solar-powered water purification
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
    • Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
    • Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hand-operated device for drinking water treatment.
  • the object is achieved on the basis of the measures of claim 1 and designed and further developed by the features of the dependent claims.
  • the stand shape of the housing of the drinking water treatment device makes it possible to set up and operate the device anywhere on reasonably level ground.
  • the mechanical filter device foreign particles can be filtered out to a certain size from the water to be treated.
  • the thus mechanically purified water can be pressurized to be pushed through an osmotic membrane. This process, called reverse osmosis, allows the processing of brackish water into drinking water, ie the depletion of ions in the drinking water compared to the supplied salty raw water.
  • the mechanical filter device may include a pre-filter for separating dirt and a microfilter for removing finer particles down to germs.
  • a microfilter pore size of 0.2 microns the filtered water may be "sterile filtered", i. H. as almost germ-free. Remaining germs are eliminated by the reverse osmosis.
  • a gear pump As a device for generating water pressure, a gear pump is preferred because with such a gear pump considerable pressures in the order of 10 to 15 bar can be generated, by driving by hand crank.
  • the gear pump can be arranged in the transverse branch of a Griersscnies in whose longitudinal branches are check valves which are poled so that water can be promoted only from the input side to the output side.
  • FIG. 2 shows a section through the reverse osmosis unit
  • FIG. 3 shows a gear pump
  • FIG. 4 shows a etching circuit.
  • the main parts of the drinking water treatment apparatus are a housing 1, a pre-filter 2, a microfilter 3, a drive 4, a
  • the housing 1 includes a round cylindrical upper case 10 and a truncated cone-like lower case 11 assembled in a stator shape.
  • a Wassereinphilllraum 12 is provided for receiving the raw water and also the prefilter 2.
  • a space 13 for receiving the microfilter 3.
  • gear ratios of the drive 4 are housed.
  • the upper housing 10 is bounded by a plate 15, which is connected to the reverse osmosis unit 5.
  • the spaces 12 to 14 and the parts 15, 5 are layered disk-shaped.
  • the upper housing 10 is connected via the parts 15, 5 fixed to the lower housing 11, in which the water tank 6 is housed. This has a drain cock 61, can be removed through the treated water.
  • Upper and lower housing are also connected to each other via a handle 16, which has a reaching into the interior of the upper housing 10 support arm 17 and is fixedly connected to the plate 15.
  • the device has a height in the range between 30 and 60 cm.
  • the pre-filter 2 contains three candle-shaped ceramic filters 20, which are penetrated by pores having a pore size in the range of 5 to 30 microns, which open into drainage channels, the prepurified water of the microfilter 3 perform.
  • scrapers 22 are provided for this purpose, which can be moved back and forth via a handle knob 23. Abgeschabte foreign parts are eliminated by flushing the water filling 12.
  • the microfilter unit 3 is designed as a rotatably arranged centrifuge drum 30, the lateral surface and bottom of which is completely lined with microfilter fleece 31.
  • the pore size of the microfilter web 31 is in the range of 0.1 to 3 microns, preferably by 0.2 microns.
  • the centrifuge drum 30 can be rotated in a manner to be described by the drive 4 in rotation, which increases the throughput through the Mikrofiltervlies 31 against the throughput only by gravity.
  • the drive 4 comprises a hand crank 40 whose drive shaft 41 drives a bevel gear 42 to drive via gear stages 43, 44 and 45 a shaft 46, via which on the one hand the centrifuge drum 30 and on the other hand the reverse osmosis unit 5 is driven. Between the waves 41 and 46 there is a translation into the fast, for example in the ratio 1: 8.
  • the shaft 41 is mounted on the handle 16, and the intermediate shafts of the gear stages 43, 44 and the output shaft 46 are mounted on the support arm 17 and on the plate 15.
  • the reverse osmosis unit 5 will be described with reference to FIG. 2.
  • This contains an osmotic membrane 50, which is enclosed in a pressure-resistant box 51. Further, a gear pump 7 is provided to bring the supplied salty water to pressure.
  • the pressure-resistant box 51 and the Gear pump 7 are enclosed by a border 52 in order to separate the printing system from the other parts of the device.
  • the pressure-resistant box 51 has a lower chamber 53 and an upper chamber 54, which are separated by the membrane 50 from each other.
  • a pressurized water channel 55 leads to the osmosis membrane 50 and is fed by the gear pump 7.
  • a drainage passage 56 connects the reverse osmosis unit 5 to the water tank 6.
  • Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of the gear pump 7 in the open state.
  • An inner housing 70 encloses a first and a second gear 71, 72, which mesh with each other and thus separate a suction chamber 73 from a pressure chamber 74.
  • suction and pressure channels 76 and 77 are formed to the inner housing 70 toward which an inlet opening 78 leads or leads away a drain opening 79. Between the suction channel 76 and the spaces 73 and 74 are
  • the pressure side of the reverse osmosis unit 5 is still associated with a salt-enriched water discharge means 9 and includes a pressure relief valve 91 ( Figure 2) and a sewage hose 92 ( Figure 1).
  • the operation of the drinking water treatment device is as follows:
  • Raw water is filled in the space 12 of the apparatus, and the water passes through the pores of the ceramic filter bodies 20 into the space 13 and inside the drum 30. Impurities in the raw water are substantially retained on the surface of the ceramic filter bodies 20 and may from time to time be removed by scraping by means of the scraper 22.
  • the pre-filtered water which has arrived in the space 13 passes through the pores of the microfilter 3 into the space 14 by gravity. The throughput can be increased by driving the centrifuge drum 30. In room 14, finely filtered water collects, which is almost germ-free and therefore considered "sterile filtered".
  • the finely filtered water passes from the space 14 via the inlet opening 78 in the suction channel 76 and the suction chamber 73 of the gear pump 7 and is brought from this to a pressure corresponding to the osmotic pressure of the raw water.
  • the osmotic pressure of brackish water is in the order of 5 to 8 bar. Due to the pressure built up by the gear pump 7, sufficient salt-free water passes through the osmosis membrane 50 to the discharge channel 56 and through it into the water tank 6, from which the treated water can be taken out via the drainage tap 61.
  • the salt concentration of water in the pressurized water channel 55 increases, and the required for operation of the reverse osmosis unit 5 water pressure exceeds the possibility of pressure generation by the gear pump 7.
  • the pressurized water channel 55 of the reverse osmosis unit 5 is therefore with the discharge device 9 for the Sewage stream connected.
  • Its pressure relief valve 91 is adjusted so that when exceeding a certain water pressure, which corresponds to the osmotic pressure of a critical salt concentration in the water, this excessively salty water is drained.
  • pressure relief valves show considerable hysteresis, ie open at a higher pressure and close again at a lower pressure. Thus, a portion of too salty water comes out of the reverse osmosis unit 5 and is discharged.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for the treatment of drinking water, having a housing (1) in the form of a stand, a mechanical filter unit (2, 3) for removing foreign bodies from the untreated water, a hand drive (4) for a gear pump (7) which supplies water pressure for operating a reverse osmosis unit (5), and a water tank (6) which receives the treated water.

Description

Trinkwasseraufbereitungsvorrichtung Drinking water treatment device
Beschreibungdescription
Technisches GebietTechnical area
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine von Hand zu bedienende Vorrichtung zur Trinkwasseraufbereitung.The invention relates to a hand-operated device for drinking water treatment.
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Es gibt mobile Trinkwasseraufbereitungsanlagen, die auf Fahrzeugen, häufig von Hilfsorganisationen, mitgeführt werden. Solche mobilen Trinkwasseraufbereitungsanlagen sind mit einigem Aufwand verbunden. Es besteht jedoch auch Bedarf nach wenig aufwendigen Trinkwasseraufbereitungsgeräten, die insbesondere in ariden und semiariden Gebieten eingesetzt werden können, um kleinere Menschengruppen mit Trinkwasser auch aus an sich nicht trinkwassertauglichen Quellen zu versorgen.There are mobile drinking water treatment plants that are carried on vehicles, often by aid organizations. Such mobile drinking water treatment plants are associated with some effort. However, there is also a need for less expensive drinking water treatment equipment, which can be used in particular in arid and semi-arid areas to provide smaller groups of people with drinking water from not drinking water suitable sources.
Darstellung der ErfindungPresentation of the invention
Die gestellte Aufgabe wird aufgrund der Maßnahmen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst und durch die Merkmale der abhängigen Ansprüche ausgestaltet und weiterentwickelt. Die Ständerform des Gehäuses des Trinkwasseraufbereitungsgeräts ermöglicht es, das Gerät überall auf einigermaßen ebenem Boden aufzustellen und zu betreiben. Mit der mechanischen Filtereinrichtung können Fremdteilchen bis zu einer gewissen Größe aus dem aufzubereitenden Wasser herausgefiltert werden. Das so mechanisch gereinigte Wasser kann unter Druck gesetzt werden, um durch eine Osmosemembran gedrückt zu werden. Dieser Vorgang, Umkehrosmose genannt, ermöglicht die Verarbeitung von Brackwasser zu Trinkwasser, d. h. die Verarmung von Ionen im Trinkwasser gegenüber dem zugeführten salzigen Rohwasser.The object is achieved on the basis of the measures of claim 1 and designed and further developed by the features of the dependent claims. The stand shape of the housing of the drinking water treatment device makes it possible to set up and operate the device anywhere on reasonably level ground. With the mechanical filter device foreign particles can be filtered out to a certain size from the water to be treated. The thus mechanically purified water can be pressurized to be pushed through an osmotic membrane. This process, called reverse osmosis, allows the processing of brackish water into drinking water, ie the depletion of ions in the drinking water compared to the supplied salty raw water.
Die mechanische Filtereinrichtung kann ein Vorfilter zur Abtrennung von Schmutz und ein Mikrofilter zur Beseitigung feinerer Teilchen bis herunter zu Keimen enthalten. Bei einer Porengröße des Mikrofilters von 0,2 μm kann das gefilterte Wasser als "steril gefiltert", d. h. als fast keimfrei gelten. Restliche Keime werden durch die Umkehrosmose beseitigt.The mechanical filter device may include a pre-filter for separating dirt and a microfilter for removing finer particles down to germs. With a microfilter pore size of 0.2 microns, the filtered water may be "sterile filtered", i. H. as almost germ-free. Remaining germs are eliminated by the reverse osmosis.
Als Einrichtung zur Wasserdruckerzeugung wird eine Zahnradpumpe bevorzugt, weil mit einer solchen Zahnradpumpe erhebliche Drücke in der Größenordnung von 10 bis 15 bar erzeugt werden können, und zwar durch Antrieb per Handkurbel. Um einer Fehlbedienung vorzubeugen, kann die Zahnradpumpe im Querzweig einer Grätzschaltung angeordnet werden, in deren Längszweigen sich Rückschlagventile befinden, die so gepolt sind, dass Wasser nur von der Eingangsseite zur Ausgangsseite gefördert werden kann.As a device for generating water pressure, a gear pump is preferred because with such a gear pump considerable pressures in the order of 10 to 15 bar can be generated, by driving by hand crank. In order to prevent incorrect operation, the gear pump can be arranged in the transverse branch of a Grätzschaltung in whose longitudinal branches are check valves which are poled so that water can be promoted only from the input side to the output side.
Kurzbeschreibung der ZeichnungBrief description of the drawing
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird anhand der Zeichnung beschrieben. Dabei zeigt: Fig. 1 eine perspektivische Ansicht des Trinkwasseraufbereitungsgeräts, teilweise geschnitten,An embodiment of the invention will be described with reference to the drawing. Showing: 1 is a perspective view of the drinking water treatment device, partially in section,
Fig. 2 einen Schnitt durch die Umkehrosmoseeinheit, Fig. 3 eine Zahnradpumpe und Fig. 4 eine Grätzschaltung.2 shows a section through the reverse osmosis unit, FIG. 3 shows a gear pump and FIG. 4 shows a etching circuit.
Ausführung der ErfindungEmbodiment of the invention
Die hauptsächlichsten Teile des Trinkwasseraufbereitungsgeräts sind ein Gehäuse 1 , ein Vorfilter 2, ein Mikrofilter 3, ein Antrieb 4, eineThe main parts of the drinking water treatment apparatus are a housing 1, a pre-filter 2, a microfilter 3, a drive 4, a
Umkehrosmoseeinheit 5 und ein Wassertank 6. Das Gehäuse 1 umfasst ein rundzylindrisches Obergehäuse 10 und ein kegelstumpfartiges Untergehäuse 11 , die in Ständerform zusammengebaut sind. In dem Obergehäuse 10 ist ein Wassereinfüllraum 12 zur Aufnahme des Rohwassers und auch des Vorfilters 2 vorgesehen. Darunter befindet sich ein Raum 13 zur Aufnahme des Mikrofilters 3. Wiederum darunter befindet sich ein Raumbereich 14, in welchem Zahnradübersetzungen des Antriebs 4 untergebracht sind. Nach unten wird das Obergehäuse 10 von einer Platte 15 begrenzt, die mit der Umkehrosmoseeinheit 5 verbunden ist. Die Räume 12 bis 14 und die Teile 15, 5 sind scheibenförmig aufeinander geschichtet.Reverse osmosis unit 5 and a water tank 6. The housing 1 includes a round cylindrical upper case 10 and a truncated cone-like lower case 11 assembled in a stator shape. In the upper housing 10, a Wassereinfüllraum 12 is provided for receiving the raw water and also the prefilter 2. Below this is a space 13 for receiving the microfilter 3. Again, there is a space area 14 in which gear ratios of the drive 4 are housed. Downwardly, the upper housing 10 is bounded by a plate 15, which is connected to the reverse osmosis unit 5. The spaces 12 to 14 and the parts 15, 5 are layered disk-shaped.
Das Obergehäuse 10 ist über die Teile 15, 5 fest mit dem Untergehäuse 11 verbunden, in dem der Wassertank 6 untergebracht ist. Dieser weist einen Ablasshahn 61 auf, über den aufbereitetes Wasser entnommen werden kann. Ober- und Untergehäuse sind ferner über einen Griff 16 miteinander verbunden, der einen ins Innere des Obergehäuse 10 reichenden Stützarm 17 besitzt und fest mit der Platte 15 verbunden ist.The upper housing 10 is connected via the parts 15, 5 fixed to the lower housing 11, in which the water tank 6 is housed. This has a drain cock 61, can be removed through the treated water. Upper and lower housing are also connected to each other via a handle 16, which has a reaching into the interior of the upper housing 10 support arm 17 and is fixedly connected to the plate 15.
Um gut handhabbar zu sein, weist das Gerät eine Höhe im Bereich zwischen 30 und 60 cm auf. Das Vorfilter 2 enthält drei kerzenförmige Keramikfilter 20, die von Poren mit einer Porengröße im Bereich von 5 bis 30 μm durchsetzt sind, welche in Ablaufkanälen münden, die vorgereinigtes Wasser der Mikrofiltereinheit 3 zuführen. Um die Poren der Keramikfilterkörper 20 gegen Zusetzen zu schützen, ist es möglich, den Belag an der Oberfläche der Keramikfilterkörper 20 abzuschaben, und hierzu sind Schaber 22 vorgesehen, die über einen Griffknopf 23 hin und her bewegt werden können. Abgeschabte Fremdteile werden durch Spülen des Wassereinfüllraumes 12 beseitigt.To be easy to handle, the device has a height in the range between 30 and 60 cm. The pre-filter 2 contains three candle-shaped ceramic filters 20, which are penetrated by pores having a pore size in the range of 5 to 30 microns, which open into drainage channels, the prepurified water of the microfilter 3 perform. In order to protect the pores of the ceramic filter body 20 against clogging, it is possible to scrape off the coating on the surface of the ceramic filter body 20, and scrapers 22 are provided for this purpose, which can be moved back and forth via a handle knob 23. Abgeschabte foreign parts are eliminated by flushing the water filling 12.
Die Mikrofiltereinheit 3 ist als drehbar angeordnete Zentrifugentrommel 30 ausgebildet, deren Mantelfläche und Boden vollständig mit Mikrofiltervlies 31 ausgekleidet ist. Die Porengröße des Mikrofiltervlieses 31 liegt im Bereich von 0,1 bis 3 μm, vorzugsweise um 0,2 μm. Die Zentrifugentrommel 30 kann in noch zu beschreibender Weise vom Antrieb 4 in Drehung versetzt werden, was den Durchsatz durch das Mikrofiltervlies 31 gegenüber dem Durchsatz nur infolge Schwerkraft erhöht.The microfilter unit 3 is designed as a rotatably arranged centrifuge drum 30, the lateral surface and bottom of which is completely lined with microfilter fleece 31. The pore size of the microfilter web 31 is in the range of 0.1 to 3 microns, preferably by 0.2 microns. The centrifuge drum 30 can be rotated in a manner to be described by the drive 4 in rotation, which increases the throughput through the Mikrofiltervlies 31 against the throughput only by gravity.
Der Antrieb 4 umfasst eine Handkurbel 40, deren Antriebswelle 41 ein Kegelzahnrad 42 antreibt, um über Getriebestufen 43, 44 und 45 eine Welle 46 anzutreiben, über die einerseits die Zentrifugentrommel 30 und andererseits die Umkehrosmoseeinheit 5 angetrieben wird. Zwischen den Wellen 41 und 46 erfolgt eine Übersetzung ins Schnelle, beispielsweise im Verhältnis 1 :8. Die Welle 41 ist am Griff 16 gelagert, und die Zwischenwellen der Getriebestufen 43, 44 sowie die Abtriebswelle 46 sind am Stützarm 17 und an der Platte 15 gelagert.The drive 4 comprises a hand crank 40 whose drive shaft 41 drives a bevel gear 42 to drive via gear stages 43, 44 and 45 a shaft 46, via which on the one hand the centrifuge drum 30 and on the other hand the reverse osmosis unit 5 is driven. Between the waves 41 and 46 there is a translation into the fast, for example in the ratio 1: 8. The shaft 41 is mounted on the handle 16, and the intermediate shafts of the gear stages 43, 44 and the output shaft 46 are mounted on the support arm 17 and on the plate 15.
Die Umkehrosmoseeinheit 5 wird anhand der Fig. 2 beschrieben. Diese enthält eine Osmosemembran 50, die in einem druckfesten Kasten 51 eingeschlossen ist. Ferner ist eine Zahnradpumpe 7 vorgesehen, um das zugeführte salzige Wasser auf Druck zu bringen. Der druckfeste Kasten 51 und die Zahnradpumpe 7 werden von einer Umrandung 52 umschlossen, um das Drucksystem gegenüber den anderen Geräteteilen abzutrennen. Der druckfeste Kasten 51 weist eine untere Kammer 53 und eine obere Kammer 54 auf, die durch die Membran 50 voneinander getrennt sind. Ein Druckwasserkanal 55 führt zur Osmosemembran 50 und wird von der Zahnradpumpe 7 gespeist. Ein Ablaufkanal 56 verbindet die Umkehrosmoseeinheit 5 mit dem Wassertank 6.The reverse osmosis unit 5 will be described with reference to FIG. 2. This contains an osmotic membrane 50, which is enclosed in a pressure-resistant box 51. Further, a gear pump 7 is provided to bring the supplied salty water to pressure. The pressure-resistant box 51 and the Gear pump 7 are enclosed by a border 52 in order to separate the printing system from the other parts of the device. The pressure-resistant box 51 has a lower chamber 53 and an upper chamber 54, which are separated by the membrane 50 from each other. A pressurized water channel 55 leads to the osmosis membrane 50 and is fed by the gear pump 7. A drainage passage 56 connects the reverse osmosis unit 5 to the water tank 6.
Fig. 3 ist eine vergrößerte Darstellung der Zahnradpumpe 7 im geöffneten Zustand. Ein inneres Gehäuse 70 umschließt ein erstes und ein zweites Zahnrad 71 , 72, die miteinander kämmen und so einen Saugraum 73 von einem Druckraum 74 trennen. Durch ein Umschließungsgehäuse 75 werden zum inneren Gehäuse 70 hin Saug- und Druckkanäle 76 und 77 gebildet, zu denen eine Zulauföffnung 78 hinführt bzw. eine Ablauföffnung 79 wegführt. Zwischen dem Saugkanal 76 und den Räumen 73 bzw. 74 sindFig. 3 is an enlarged view of the gear pump 7 in the open state. An inner housing 70 encloses a first and a second gear 71, 72, which mesh with each other and thus separate a suction chamber 73 from a pressure chamber 74. By a Umschließungsgehäuse 75 suction and pressure channels 76 and 77 are formed to the inner housing 70 toward which an inlet opening 78 leads or leads away a drain opening 79. Between the suction channel 76 and the spaces 73 and 74 are
Rückschlagventile 81 , 82 und zwischen dem Druckkanal 77 und den Räumen 73 bzw. 74 sind Rückschlagventile 83, 84 angeordnet. Auf diese Weise wird eine Grätzschaltung gebildet, wie in Fig. 4 skizziert, die sicherstellt, dass unabhängig von der Drehrichtung der Zahnräder 71 , 72 die Saugseite immer bei 78 und die Druckseite immer bei 79 liegt. (Bei Drehrichtungsumkehr des Antriebs vertauschen sich Saug- und Druckraum, ohne dass sich dies auf die Druckförderung des Wassers auswirkt.) Die Zahnradpumpe 7 kann einen Druck in der Größenordnung von 10 bis 15 bar aufbauen, was von der Genauigkeit der Herstellung der Zahnflanken und der Abdichtung an der Ober- und Unterseite der Zahnräder abhängt.Check valves 81, 82 and between the pressure channel 77 and the spaces 73 and 74, check valves 83, 84 are arranged. In this way, a Grätzschaltung is formed, as outlined in Fig. 4, which ensures that regardless of the direction of rotation of the gears 71, 72, the suction side is always at 78 and the pressure side is always 79. (When reversing the direction of rotation of the drive, the suction and pressure chambers interchange without this having an effect on the pressure of the water.) The gear pump 7 can generate a pressure in the order of 10 to 15 bar, which depends on the accuracy of the production of the tooth flanks and the Sealing on the top and bottom of the gears depends.
Der Druckseite der Umkehrosmoseeinheit 5 ist noch eine Ablasseinrichtung 9 für mit Salz angereichertes Wasser zugeordnet und enthält ein Überdruckventil 91 (Fig. 2) und einen Abwasserschlauch 92 (Fig. 1 ). Der Betrieb des Trinkwasseraufbereitungsgeräts ist wie folgt:The pressure side of the reverse osmosis unit 5 is still associated with a salt-enriched water discharge means 9 and includes a pressure relief valve 91 (Figure 2) and a sewage hose 92 (Figure 1). The operation of the drinking water treatment device is as follows:
Rohwasser wird in den Raum 12 des Geräts eingefüllt, und das Wasser gelangt durch die Poren der Keramikfilterkörper 20 in den Raum 13 und ins Innere der Trommel 30. Verunreinigungen im Rohwasser werden im Wesentlichen an der Oberfläche der Keramikfilterkörper 20 zurückgehalten und können von Zeit zu Zeit durch Abschaben mittels des Schabers 22 beseitigt werden. Das im Raum 13 angelangte, vorgefilterte Wasser gelangt durch Schwerkraftwirkung durch die Poren des Mikrofilters 3 in den Raum 14. Der Durchsatz kann durch Antrieb der Zentrifugentrommel 30 erhöht werden. Im Raum 14 sammelt sich fein gefiltertes Wasser, das fast keimfrei ist und deshalb als "steril gefiltert" gilt. Das fein gefilterte Wasser gelangt vom Raum 14 über die Zuflussöffnung 78 in den Saugkanal 76 und den Saugraum 73 der Zahnradpumpe 7 und wird von dieser auf einen Druck gebracht, der dem osmotischen Druck des Rohwassers entspricht. Der osmotische Druck von Brackwasser liegt in der Größenordnung von 5 bis 8 bar. Durch den von der Zahnradpumpe 7 aufgebauten Druck gelangt ausreichend salzfreies Wasser durch die Osmosemembran 50 hindurch zum Abflusskanal 56 und durch diesen hindurch in den Wassertank 6, aus dem heraus das aufbereitete Wasser über den Ablasshahn 61 entnommen werden kann.Raw water is filled in the space 12 of the apparatus, and the water passes through the pores of the ceramic filter bodies 20 into the space 13 and inside the drum 30. Impurities in the raw water are substantially retained on the surface of the ceramic filter bodies 20 and may from time to time be removed by scraping by means of the scraper 22. The pre-filtered water which has arrived in the space 13 passes through the pores of the microfilter 3 into the space 14 by gravity. The throughput can be increased by driving the centrifuge drum 30. In room 14, finely filtered water collects, which is almost germ-free and therefore considered "sterile filtered". The finely filtered water passes from the space 14 via the inlet opening 78 in the suction channel 76 and the suction chamber 73 of the gear pump 7 and is brought from this to a pressure corresponding to the osmotic pressure of the raw water. The osmotic pressure of brackish water is in the order of 5 to 8 bar. Due to the pressure built up by the gear pump 7, sufficient salt-free water passes through the osmosis membrane 50 to the discharge channel 56 and through it into the water tank 6, from which the treated water can be taken out via the drainage tap 61.
Bei entsprechend langem Betrieb mit salzhaltigem Rohwasser nimmt die Salzkonzentration des Wassers im Druckwasserkanal 55 zu, und der zum Betrieb der Umkehrosmoseeinheit 5 benötigte Wasserdruck übersteigt die Möglichkeit der Druckerzeugung durch die Zahnradpumpe 7. Der Druckwasserkanal 55 der Umkehrosmoseeinheit 5 ist deshalb mit der Ablasseinrichtung 9 für den Abwasserstrom verbunden. Dessen Überdruckventil 91 wird so eingestellt, dass beim Überschreiten eines gewissen Wasserdruckes, der dem osmotischen Druck einer kritischen Salzkonzentration im Wasser entspricht, dieses allzu salzhaltige Wasser abgelassen wird. Dabei macht man es sich zunutze, dass Überdruckventile erhebliche Hysterese zeigen, d. h. bei einem höheren Druck öffnen und bei einem niedrigeren Druck wieder schließen. Somit gelangt eine Portion allzu salzhaltigen Wassers aus der Umkehrosmoseeinheit 5 heraus und wird abgeführt.In accordance with long-term operation with saline raw water, the salt concentration of water in the pressurized water channel 55 increases, and the required for operation of the reverse osmosis unit 5 water pressure exceeds the possibility of pressure generation by the gear pump 7. The pressurized water channel 55 of the reverse osmosis unit 5 is therefore with the discharge device 9 for the Sewage stream connected. Its pressure relief valve 91 is adjusted so that when exceeding a certain water pressure, which corresponds to the osmotic pressure of a critical salt concentration in the water, this excessively salty water is drained. there it makes use of the fact that pressure relief valves show considerable hysteresis, ie open at a higher pressure and close again at a lower pressure. Thus, a portion of too salty water comes out of the reverse osmosis unit 5 and is discharged.
Die angegebenen Werte für Porengröße und osmotischen Druck sind nur beispielhaft. Es kann von diesen nach oben und unten abgewichen werden, um besonderen Verhältnissen zu genügen. The values given for pore size and osmotic pressure are only examples. It can be deviated from these up and down to meet special circumstances.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Vorrichtung zur Trinkwasseraufbereitung, umfassend ein Gehäuse (1 ) in Ständerform, das mehrere Räume (12, 13, 14) zur Aufnahme von Wasser und von Geräteteilen (2 ,3, 4) aufweist; eine mechanische Filtereinrichtung (2, 3) zur Beseitigung von Fremdteilchen aus dem aufzubereitenden Wasser; einen Handantrieb (4); eine vom Handantrieb antreibbare Pumpe (7); eine Umkehrosmoseeinheit (5), durch die das aufzubereitendeAn apparatus for drinking water treatment, comprising a housing (1) in a stator shape having a plurality of spaces (12, 13, 14) for receiving water and equipment parts (2, 3, 4); a mechanical filter device (2, 3) for removing foreign particles from the water to be treated; a manual drive (4); a hand-driven drivable pump (7); a reverse osmosis unit (5) through which the
Wasser unter Druck gepresst wird; und einen Wassertank (6) zur Aufnahme des aufbereiteten Wassers.Water is pressed under pressure; and a water tank (6) for receiving the treated water.
2. Vorrichtung zur Trinkwasseraufbereitung nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gehäuse (1 ) ein rundzylindrisches2. Device for drinking water treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing (1) has a round cylindrical
Obergehäuse (10) mit scheibenförmiger Unterteilung zur Bildung der Räume (12, 13, 14) und ein kegelstumpfartiges Untergehäuse (1 1 ) zur Bildung des Wassertanks (6) aufweist.Upper housing (10) with a disc-shaped subdivision to form the spaces (12, 13, 14) and a truncated cone-like lower housing (1 1) for forming the water tank (6).
3. Vorrichtung zur Trinkwasseraufbereitung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mechanische Filtereinrichtung (2, 3) ein Vorfilter (2) enthält.3. Device for drinking water treatment according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the mechanical filter device (2, 3) contains a pre-filter (2).
4. Vorrichtung zur Trinkwasseraufbereitung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Vorfilter (2) Filterkörper (20) mit einer4. A device for drinking water treatment according to claim 3, characterized in that the pre-filter (2) filter body (20) with a
Porengröße im Bereich von 5 bis 30 μm enthält.Pore size in the range of 5 to 30 microns contains.
5. Vorrichtung zur Trinkwasseraufbereitung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dem Filterkörper (20) Schaber (22) zugeordnet sind, um die Oberfläche der Filterkörper (20) zu reinigen.5. A device for drinking water treatment according to claim 4, characterized in that associated with the filter body (20) scraper (22) are to clean the surface of the filter body (20).
6. Vorrichtung zur Trinkwasseraufbereitung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mechanische Filtereinrichtung (2, 3) ein Mikrofilter (3) enthält.6. Device for drinking water treatment according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the mechanical filter device (2, 3) contains a microfilter (3).
7. Vorrichtung zur Trinkwasseraufbereitung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Porengröße des Mikrofilters (3) im Bereich von 0,1 bis 3 μm liegt.7. A device for drinking water treatment according to claim 6, characterized in that the pore size of the microfilter (3) is in the range of 0.1 to 3 microns.
8. Vorrichtung zur Trinkwasseraufbereitung nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Mikrofilter (3) als Zentrifugentrommel (30) mit einer Auskleidung aus Mikrofiltervlies (31 ) ausgebildet ist.8. Apparatus for drinking water treatment according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the microfilter (3) is designed as a centrifuge drum (30) with a lining of microfilter fleece (31).
9. Vorrichtung zur Trinkwasseraufbereitung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis9. Apparatus for drinking water treatment according to one of claims 1 to
8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Handantrieb (4) einen Handkurbelantrieb (40, 41 ) und eine Zahnradübersetzung (42, 43, 44, 45) ins Schnelle aufweist.8, characterized in that the manual drive (4) has a hand crank drive (40, 41) and a gear ratio (42, 43, 44, 45) in the fast.
10. Vorrichtung zur Trinkwasseraufbereitung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis10. Apparatus for drinking water treatment according to one of claims 1 to
9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Pumpe (7) eine Zahnradpumpe (7) mit kämmenden Zahnrädern (71 , 72) darstellt, die einen Saugraum (73) und einen Druckraum (74) benachbart dem Kämmungsbereich der Zahnräder (71 , 72) bilden.9, characterized in that the pump (7) is a gear pump (7) with meshing gears (71, 72) which form a suction chamber (73) and a pressure chamber (74) adjacent to the meshing region of the gears (71, 72).
1 1. Vorrichtung zur Trinkwasseraufbereitung nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zahnradpumpe (7) einen Zulauf (76, 78) und darin angeordnete Rückschlagventile (81 , 82) aufweist, die den Rückfluss von Saug- und Druckraum (73, 74) zum Zulauf (76, 78) sperren, ferner noch einen Ablauf (77, 79) und darin angeordnete Rückschlagventile (83, 84) aufweist, die den Rückfluss vom Ablauf (77, 79) zum Saug- und Druckraum (73, 74) sperren.1 1. A device for drinking water treatment according to claim 10, characterized in that the gear pump (7) has an inlet (76, 78) and arranged therein check valves (81, 82), the return flow of suction and pressure chamber (73, 74) to the inlet (76, 78) lock, further a drain (77, 79) and arranged therein check valves (83, 84) which block the return flow from the outlet (77, 79) to the suction and pressure chamber (73, 74).
12. Trinkwasseraufbereitung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 1 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Umkehrosmoseeinheit (5) eine12. Drinking water treatment according to one of claims 1 to 1 1, characterized in that the reverse osmosis unit (5) a
Osmosemembran (50) enthält, der einerseits das unter Druck stehende, aufzubereitende Wasser zugeführt und von der andererseits aufbereitetes Wasser abgeführt wird.Osmosemembran (50), which is supplied on the one hand, the pressurized water to be treated and discharged from the other hand, treated water.
13. Trinkwasseraufbereitung nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Zuführseite der Umkehrosmoseeinheit (5) eine Abwasserableitung (9) zugeordnet ist, über die mit Salz angereichertes Wasser abgeleitet werden kann.13. Drinking water treatment according to claim 12, characterized in that the supply side of the reverse osmosis unit (5) is associated with a waste water discharge (9), can be derived on the salt-enriched water.
14. Trinkwasseraufbereitung nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abwasserableitung (9) ein Überdruckventil (91 ) und einen Abwasserschlauch (92) aufweist.14. Drinking water treatment according to claim 13, characterized in that the waste water discharge (9) has a pressure relief valve (91) and a waste water hose (92).
15. Trinkwasseraufbereitung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gehäuse (1 ) eine Höhe im Bereich von 30 bis15. Drinking water treatment according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the housing (1) has a height in the range of 30 to
60 cm aufweist.60 cm.
16. Trinkwasseraufbereitung nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Handgriff (16) am Gehäuse (1 ) angebracht ist. 16. Drinking water treatment according to claim 15, characterized in that a handle (16) on the housing (1) is mounted.
PCT/EP2007/009217 2006-11-15 2007-10-24 Device for the treatment of drinking water WO2008058613A1 (en)

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