WO2008040342A1 - Radarsystem mit nur einem sensor zur umfelderfassung eines kraftfahrzeugs - Google Patents
Radarsystem mit nur einem sensor zur umfelderfassung eines kraftfahrzeugs Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2008040342A1 WO2008040342A1 PCT/DE2007/001784 DE2007001784W WO2008040342A1 WO 2008040342 A1 WO2008040342 A1 WO 2008040342A1 DE 2007001784 W DE2007001784 W DE 2007001784W WO 2008040342 A1 WO2008040342 A1 WO 2008040342A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- radar system
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- range
- drum
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S13/06—Systems determining position data of a target
- G01S13/42—Simultaneous measurement of distance and other co-ordinates
- G01S13/426—Scanning radar, e.g. 3D radar
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/93—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
- G01S13/931—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/93—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
- G01S13/931—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
- G01S2013/9321—Velocity regulation, e.g. cruise control
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/93—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
- G01S13/931—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
- G01S2013/9323—Alternative operation using light waves
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/93—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
- G01S13/931—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
- G01S2013/9327—Sensor installation details
- G01S2013/93271—Sensor installation details in the front of the vehicles
Definitions
- the invention relates to a radar system for use in driver assistance systems in motor vehicles.
- the radar system has an azimuth beam characteristic whose time profile in each cycle has at least two sections with different properties.
- Motor vehicles are increasingly being equipped with driver assistance systems which detect the surroundings with the aid of sensor systems and derive automatic reactions of the vehicle from the traffic situation thus recognized and / or instruct the driver, in particular warn him. A distinction is made between comfort and safety functions.
- FSRA Full Speed Range Adaptive Cruise Contnol
- the vehicle adjusts the airspeed to the desired speed specified by the driver, if the traffic situation permits, otherwise the airspeed is automatically adapted to the traffic situation;
- ACC Adaptive Cruise Control
- this autonomous control also works down to standstill in the low speed range.
- systems with wide lateral detection ranges are necessary, since at low speeds and at a standstill, it is also likely to occur at short intervals with staggered or shearing vehicles and bicycles and with pedestrians running on the road.
- FSRS today mainly uses multi-sensor systems - eg. B. the combination of a fem- and two Nah Kunststoffssensoren, which are fused in another control unit. The resulting costs for such complex systems are so high that currently only high-end vehicles can be equipped with them.
- radar sensors are predominantly used today. These work reliably even in bad weather conditions and can measure not only the distance of objects but also their relative speed via the Doppler effect. Since currently only radar sensors are available which have either a high range, but a narrow lateral detection range or a wide lateral detection range, but a low range, for more demanding functions typically multi-sensor radar systems are used, which are correspondingly expensive.
- the object of the invention is to provide even more sophisticated driver assistance systems such.
- B. FSRA which requires a monitoring of the near and far range to be able to implement cost-effective and reliable.
- the radar system is equipped with only one sensor for detecting the surroundings of a motor vehicle.
- the radar system comprises transmitting means for directed emission of transmitted power.
- receiving means are provided for directionally receiving object-reflected transmission power and signal processing means for processing the received power.
- the detection of environment objects is subdivided into given cycles.
- the beam characteristic of the sensor system in a first predetermined spatial direction which is determined by the beam characteristic of the transmitting means and the beam characteristic of the receiving means is, with respect.
- a change in the radiation characteristic of the claimed here Radarsytems takes place along a first predetermined spatial direction.
- the beam characteristic is varied in particular in the azimuth direction. Therefore
- the invention will be explained with reference to a variable azimuth beam characteristic. This representation is only for the sake of clarity and does not limit the scope of protection, which provides a beam characteristic in any given spatial direction, to the azimuth beam characteristic. For example, upon rotation of the radar system or the corresponding components of the radar system through 90 degrees, the elevation beam characteristic would be alike changeable.
- the time course of the azimuth beam characteristic has at least two separate sections, in which at least one of the following properties is different: angle range traversed by the variable beam direction, the average changing speed of the beam direction, and the average beam size of the beam.
- angle range traversed by the variable beam direction the average changing speed of the beam direction
- average beam size of the beam There is a significant or abrupt change in at least one of the following properties between at least two adjacent sections, which may be separated by a transition zone: beam direction, the rate of change of the beam direction, the bundling measure. It is characteristic that this change is much faster and / or stronger than the change of the respective property within the individual sections.
- At least two sections, which are traversed in one cycle differ not only in the azimuth beam characteristic but also in at least one of the following variables range or range resolution or relative speed resolution.
- the radar system has an antenna with a changing azimuth beam direction, that is to say an antenna which scans or switches in the azimuth direction.
- a switchable antenna has a plurality of transmitting and receiving channels, which can be selectively controlled.
- the antenna is mechanically scanning and the scanning movement runs at least in sections continuously.
- An advantageous embodiment of the radar system wherein in each cycle, the time profile of the azimuth beam characteristic sections of two different types, wherein the at least a portion of a first type, the environment finer, but detected in a smaller angular range than in the at least a portion of a second type becomes.
- a finer detection is achieved eg by a higher bundling measure.
- a finer detection can also be achieved by a higher signal sampling rate.
- the swept angular range of the beam direction and the rate of change of the beam direction are smaller and the mean convergence greater than in the at least one portion of the second type.
- a portion of the first type has a higher range and / or a lower resolution resolution than a portion of the second type.
- a portion of the first type is primarily for detection of the femoral area and a portion of the second type primarily for proximity detection.
- a particular embodiment of the invention provides two sections of the second type, wherein one of these sections covers a left angle range and the other section covers a right angle range in the detection range of the sensor, which lie to the left or right of a central viewing direction of the sensor system and preferably symmetrical to the middle Viewing direction are arranged.
- the two sections of the second type are realized in such a way that power can be emitted as well as from the surroundings as well as possible for angles which deviate greatly from the center angle.
- the sections of the second type cover a total of a contiguous, symmetrical to the center angle range.
- there is exactly one section of the first type which covers an angular range symmetrical to the center.
- An advantageous embodiment of the radar system provides that, in the signal processing means for the at least one section of the first type and the at least one section of the second type, a separate list of detections, i. on detected environmental objects. These lists are merged. The merger takes place either before, during or after the history formation (tracking).
- a particular embodiment of the radar system provides that the at least one section of the first type and the at least one section of the second type overlap.
- the signal processing means the resulting redundancy in the at least one overlap region is exploited to increase the detection reliability.
- the time profile of the azimuth beam characteristic is repeated substantially unchanged in each cycle.
- the radar system is preferably designed such that each cycle occupies substantially the same time duration.
- a control of the beam characteristic of the radar system may be provided in a second predetermined spatial direction.
- first and second predetermined spatial directions are perpendicular to each other.
- the beam characteristic is controlled in the elevation direction.
- the beam is in the second spatial direction, z. B. the elevation direction, by mechanical or electronic means additionally adapted to the circumstances.
- the beam shape is preferably controlled as a function of the azimuth angle (or the first predefined spatial direction) and / or the associated beam property in the azimuth direction (or the first predefined spatial direction) and / or the vehicle speed.
- an antenna is provided as transmitting and receiving means of the radar system, comprising the following components
- drum with a structured metallic surface in the immediate vicinity of the waveguide, which engages for transmission in the electromagnetic fields around the waveguide in such a way that power is coupled in such a way that an azimuth-directed radiation results for the whole antenna, wherein the drum
- the surface structure of the drum has several sections.
- a first portion of the surface structure is extended over a large part of the width or the full width of the drum. This section is primarily used for capturing a remote area.
- the surface structure will preferably occupy the full width of the drum.
- the surface texture in this first section changes less rapidly and less strongly than in a second section.
- the surface structure is expanded less over the width of the drum than in the first section and serves primarily to detect the near zone. At close range, less intense beam bundling is required.
- two sections are provided for detecting the near zone, the surface structure of which extends less strongly over the width of the drum.
- One of these sections covers a left angle area and the other section covers a right angle area.
- the terms left and right angle range refer to a central viewing direction of the sensor.
- the mean viewing direction is selected so that it substantially coincides with the vehicle longitudinal axis and the radar system monitors an area in front of or behind the vehicle.
- the left and right angle regions are preferably arranged symmetrically to the central viewing direction of the sensor.
- a structure For the detection of a left angle range, for example, a structure is provided which is shifted to the right relative to the roller center, for the detection of a right angle range corresponding to a structure to the left of the roller center.
- power can be given as well as possible for angles which differ greatly from the center angle in the environment or can receive from there.
- an antenna according to the phased array principle is used as transmitting and receiving means, wherein the Azimut characterizing respect. Beam direction and Bündelungshack on the phase and amplitude assignment of the array is changed.
- Such an antenna design is e.g. in DE 19848722.
- an antenna arrangement consisting of several Einzelstrahlem is used as a transmitting and receiving means.
- the individual radiators turn on the receiving side completely or partially and evaluated sequentially or in parallel in the digital domain, and so the beam directions or bundling measures are changed
- the antenna includes Material whose dielectric constant depends on the electrical and / or magnetic field strength, wherein the change in the azimuth beam characteristic is realized by changing the electrical and / or magnetic field strength or their local distribution.
- the radar system claimed here is used in a driver assistance system.
- the radar system is used in a driver assistance system for FSRA (Füll Speed Range ACC).
- the invention comprises a driver assistance system which, in addition to a radar system claimed here, also comprises a camera system, wherein the radar system essentially comprises the full detection range of the camera system.
- FIG. 1a cross section of an exemplary overall antenna arrangement
- Fig. 1b Partial view of the antenna arrangement from the side: waveguide and drum with surface structure
- FIG. 1b shows the components waveguide 1 (in a simplified representation) and drum 2 from the side. At one end of the waveguide 1 power in the high frequency range is fed, which propagates along it in the form of an electromagnetic wave. In the immediate vicinity of the waveguide is a drum 2, which has a structured metallic surface. The surface structuring of the drum engages the electromagnetic fields around the waveguide and decouples power from the array, which is thus radiated into the space in the form of a radiation lobe.
- the direction ⁇ of the intensity maximum of the radiation lobe results for example, in a periodic arrangement of structuring on the drum by the context where A 0 is the free space wavelength, ⁇ g is the wavelength on the waveguide and p is the spacing of the surface patterns on the drum.
- a waveguide 1 is shown with a funnel for beam alignment and a rotating drum 2 for beam extraction.
- the power is completely reflected and thrown onto a designated as a twist reflector main reflector 5, which is advantageously designed as a Reflect array.
- the antenna arrangement is used not only for the transmission of power but also for the reception of transmitted power reflected on objects - due to the reciprocity theorem, the arrangement operates in the same way as in the transmission case in the case of reception.
- the y-direction represents the direction of travel, the z-direction the vertical.
- the beam focusing and direction in azimuth resulting from the structure of the drum, which causes the outcoupling of power from the waveguide results in the beam focusing and direction in elevation from the configuration of the reflector array, which reflects the power impinging there reflected accordingly.
- a temporal variation of the surface structuring of the drum is necessary. This is realized by the drum rotating about its longitudinal axis at a constant rotational speed and its surface structuring changing over the circumferential angle.
- Fig. 2 an exemplary design of the surface structuring of the drum is given.
- a continuous change of the beam direction is obtained by continuously changing the distance p of the surface structures on the drum over the circumferential angle; how fast the beam direction changes depends on the gradient of the distance p.
- the bundling measure can be varied over the extent of the surface structure. The larger the extent, the stronger the bundling of the beam.
- Fig. 3 the time course of the azimuth beam direction for an antenna arrangement according to Fig.1 is shown with a drum of FIG.
- the period of time T_Z which in this embodiment is 0-66 ms, describes exactly one revolution of the drum and thus represents one cycle for the radar system. Since the drum rotates at a constant speed, the course shown is repeated periodically. In each case after the time period T Z results in the signal processing, a new record for environment detection.
- the area of the drum 7a in which the surface structuring is extended over its full width represents the so-called far-range scan.
- a beam strongly focused in comparison to the near-range scan covers a relatively small angular range.
- an approximately 2.4 ° wide beam with a constant rate of change of the beam direction moves from -12 ° to + 12 ° relative to a mean line of sight of the radar system.
- the two areas of the drum 7b, 7c, in which the surface structuring is not extended over its full width, represent the so-called Nah Schlsscan.
- the received signal must be observed and evaluated over a certain period of time; with a radar in the 77GHz range is z.
- a radar in the 77GHz range is z.
- an observation time 2.56 ms is necessary. The longer the observation time, the higher the speed resolution.
- the azimuth beam direction changes continuously; In order to detect an object over the full observation time, the change in the azimuth beam direction in this time must be smaller than the lobe width.
- the observation time is 2.56 ms, the change in the azimuth beam direction is 1.5 ° and the beam width is 2.4 °;
- the observation time is 1.28 ms, the change in the azimuth beam direction is 5.25 ° and the club width is 7 °.
- the determination of the relative velocity is carried out in the femoral and near range scan in 17 observation periods each, which have a spacing of 1 ° in the femoral scan and 3.5 ° in the near scan (thus the observation periods overlap slightly).
- the observation areas can be assigned angular ranges so that they can be regarded as radiation lobes formed in the signal processing chain and are therefore to be referred to below as beam.
- the lobe width of the beams is only slightly increased compared to the physical torque bank width in the above design. The increase is about 5%, which can be calculated by a corresponding folding.
- the 17 beams each with a distance of 1 ° or 3.5 ° do not cover the full scan range of ⁇ 12 ° or ⁇ 32 °, but are placed so that their range of ⁇ 8 ° or ⁇ 28 ° symmetrical to the direction of travel vector comes to rest, whereby an azimuth misalignment of the sensor can be compensated.
- the removal resolution may be designed to be higher in the near-range scan than in the far-field scan in order to obtain better detection properties directly in front of the vehicle (at distances of a few centimeters to a few meters).
- the removal resolution can be changed, for example, by changing the frequency deviation.
- the measurement data received during each cycle are evaluated separately for the femto and near range scans; This results in a separate snapshot of each cycle for the femoral and close-range scan, the so-called target list - targets are detected objects.
- the two target lists of Fem and Nah Kunststoffssscan be in a tracking unit, the z. B. configured as Kaiman tracking unit fed. There the fusion and the history formation (pursuit of goals over several cycles) are accomplished.
- the output of the tracking unit is the so-called object list, which describes the situation with the measured values of successive cycles and thus can also reproduce a time course of the object movement. From this object list, that object is then determined which has the greatest relevance for the respective driver assistance function in order to derive the vehicle reaction from this.
- the merger implicitly exploits the measurement redundancy in the overlap area of the far and near range scan - every real object is detected twice per cycle.
- the measurement redundancy leads to a significantly higher detection reliability, e.g. is necessary for an autonomous emergency braking.
- the exemplified radar system is used to implement driver assistance systems. As shown in Fig. 4, the lateral detection range is so large that even in the vicinity of A1 not centrally positioned in front of the vehicle 3 objects, z. B. here a staggered moving motorcycle 9, can be detected. The motorcycle 8 would not be detected in a sole measurement of the femoral area A2. This allows FSRA and other more sophisticated driver assistance systems to be implemented without additional proximity sensors, resulting in significant cost reductions compared to the multi-sensor systems in use today.
- a further improvement of driver assistance systems can be achieved by merging long-range beam sensors (radar or lidar) with a camera system, because - in contrast to the femoral beam sensor system - the camera can very well determine the lateral sizes (lateral position, lateral extent and lateral movement).
- radar radar or lidar
- the radar system described above has the advantage over the narrow range detection range available today that it includes almost the full detection range of common camera systems, thus providing maximum redundancy; only small areas of the camera detection area left and right immediately in front of the vehicle are not detected by the radar system, as this is typically installed on the vehicle front while the camera is behind the windshield.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE112007001882.8T DE112007001882B4 (de) | 2006-10-06 | 2007-10-05 | Radarsystem mit nur einem Sensor zur Umfelderfassung eines Kraftfahrzeugs |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102006047756 | 2006-10-06 | ||
DE102006047756.1 | 2006-10-06 |
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Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2008040342A1 true WO2008040342A1 (de) | 2008-04-10 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/DE2007/001784 WO2008040342A1 (de) | 2006-10-06 | 2007-10-05 | Radarsystem mit nur einem sensor zur umfelderfassung eines kraftfahrzeugs |
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DE (1) | DE112007001882B4 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2008040342A1 (de) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102009030403A1 (de) * | 2009-06-25 | 2010-12-30 | Conti Temic Microelectronic Gmbh | Radarantennenanordnung, insbesondere zum Einsatz in Kraftfahrzeugen |
WO2011120501A1 (de) * | 2010-03-31 | 2011-10-06 | Conti Temic Microelectronic Gmbh | Wellenleiterantenne für eine radarantennenanordnung |
DE102015216888A1 (de) * | 2015-09-03 | 2017-03-09 | Conti Temic Microelectronic Gmbh | Eigenanalyse eines Radarsensors |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5572228A (en) * | 1995-02-01 | 1996-11-05 | Physical Optics Corporation | Evanescent coupling antenna and method for the utilization thereof |
US6211836B1 (en) * | 1999-07-30 | 2001-04-03 | Waveband Corporation | Scanning antenna including a dielectric waveguide and a rotatable cylinder coupled thereto |
WO2005062072A1 (de) * | 2003-12-19 | 2005-07-07 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Radarsensor und verfahren zu dessen betrieb |
DE102004049626A1 (de) * | 2004-10-11 | 2006-04-13 | A.D.C. Automotive Distance Control Systems Gmbh | Radarantennenanordnung |
-
2007
- 2007-10-05 WO PCT/DE2007/001784 patent/WO2008040342A1/de active Application Filing
- 2007-10-05 DE DE112007001882.8T patent/DE112007001882B4/de active Active
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5572228A (en) * | 1995-02-01 | 1996-11-05 | Physical Optics Corporation | Evanescent coupling antenna and method for the utilization thereof |
US6211836B1 (en) * | 1999-07-30 | 2001-04-03 | Waveband Corporation | Scanning antenna including a dielectric waveguide and a rotatable cylinder coupled thereto |
WO2005062072A1 (de) * | 2003-12-19 | 2005-07-07 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Radarsensor und verfahren zu dessen betrieb |
DE102004049626A1 (de) * | 2004-10-11 | 2006-04-13 | A.D.C. Automotive Distance Control Systems Gmbh | Radarantennenanordnung |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102009030403A1 (de) * | 2009-06-25 | 2010-12-30 | Conti Temic Microelectronic Gmbh | Radarantennenanordnung, insbesondere zum Einsatz in Kraftfahrzeugen |
WO2011120501A1 (de) * | 2010-03-31 | 2011-10-06 | Conti Temic Microelectronic Gmbh | Wellenleiterantenne für eine radarantennenanordnung |
DE102015216888A1 (de) * | 2015-09-03 | 2017-03-09 | Conti Temic Microelectronic Gmbh | Eigenanalyse eines Radarsensors |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE112007001882A5 (de) | 2009-05-07 |
DE112007001882B4 (de) | 2021-10-14 |
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