WO2007128906A1

WO2007128906A1 - Quick construction component

Info

Publication number: WO2007128906A1
Application number: PCT/FR2007/000702
Authority: WO
Inventors: Luc Sauteraud
Original assignee: Luc Sauteraud
Priority date: 2006-04-28
Filing date: 2007-04-25
Publication date: 2007-11-15
Also published as: US20090205287A1; FR2900428B1; FR2900428A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a prefabricated construction component for wooden architectures comprising at least one panel-shaped portion (23) and at least one panel support component (212) attached to the panel, and made of a single piece of high-density wood by means of a moulding or extrusion type production process, enabling a quick assembly particularly by means of a plurality of support components forming ribs constituting side strips (212) each connected to a lower crossbeam (213) and an upper crossbeam (221), the prefabricated component (2) constituting a wall being closed at least partially by the panel (23), the prefabricated component resting on its lower crossbeam, the upper crossbeam, supported by side strips, being at a height corresponding to a floor-to-ceiling height.

Description

Fast construction element

The field of the invention relates to architectures based on wood structures. The invention relates more particularly to an improvement of the construction elements used for wood frame houses. Wooden frame houses, also referred to by the abbreviation

MOB, offer many advantages such as time saving during construction, gain in insulation relative to the space occupied and wood frame houses are also economical and environmentally friendly constructions. The construction of wood-frame houses is based on different techniques that allow rapid assembly carried out for example by two people. However editing is relatively complicated and is usually done by professionals specialized in this field. On the other hand, even if the wood used for construction, is an ecological material, the manufacture of some prefabricated raw wood elements, generates losses of raw material associated with a high energy expenditure, during the machining of wood gross. The prefabricated raw wood elements are for example beams, joists, or cleats.

The present invention aims to provide prefabricated elements, for example for the construction of timber frame houses, the manufacture of which saves raw material and energy.

Another objective is that the manufacture of all prefabricated constituent elements, for example, a house, is carried out more quickly than according to known methods of manufacture.

Another objective is that the assembly of prefabricated elements is simpler and faster compared to the assembly of the elements currently used.

These objectives are achieved by a prefabricated building element for wood architectures comprising at least a portion of forming a panel and at least one support member of the panel integral with the panel, and made of a single piece of wood agglomerated by a manufacturing method of the molding or extrusion type, characterized in that a plurality of support elements form ribs constituting lateral cleats each connected to a lower cross member and to an upper cross member, the prefabricated element constituting a wall being closed at least in part by the panel, the prefabricated element resting on its lower cross member, the upper cross member; , supported by the lateral cleats, being at a height corresponding to a height under ceiling. According to another particularity, at least one quick-release projecting hook is arranged on the outer edge of one of the two lateral cleats and at least one quick-catch receiving slot is arranged on the outer edge of the other lateral cleat. .

According to another feature, the outer edge of one of the two lateral cleats comprises a first "S" air blocking surface, curved or broken line and the outer edge of the other lateral cleat comprises a second surface in "S" of blocking the air, curved or broken line of complementary shape to the first, to form an assembly between the two surfaces. According to another feature, the closure panel has a corrugated profile or broken line.

According to another feature, the panel comprises at least one rib disposed on an outer face of the panel and forming a bearing surface of a cladding. According to another feature, the prefabricated element comprises in the panel a rib forming a window frame disposed around a window opening, the frame comprising a top cross member and a lower cross member secured to two lateral uprights.

According to another feature, the prefabricated element comprises in the panel at least one rib forming a first reinforcing strip connecting the top cross member of the frame to the upper cross member of the prefabricated element and in that it comprises in the panel at least a rib forming a second reinforcing batten linking the lower cross member of the frame to the lower cross member of the prefabricated element.

According to another feature, the prefabricated element comprises in the panel a rib forming a door frame disposed around a door opening, the frame comprising a high cross member connected to two lateral uprights, the panel comprising on the other hand at least a rib forming a reinforcing strip connecting the upper cross member of the frame to the upper cross member of the prefabricated element, the vertical uprights being connected by their lower end to the lower cross member of the prefabricated element.

Another objective is to achieve a component of a roof.

According to this objective, the prefabricated element comprises two prefabricated elements constituting a wall each extended by an oblique panel delimited by two integrated lateral chevrons, the two oblique panels joining at their top, the cleats and the integrated chevrons being arranged on a face of their associated panel inwardly or outwardly, to produce a prefabricated element constituting a roof.

Another object of the invention is to provide a method of construction for example timber frame houses, the manufacture of which saves raw material and energy.

Another objective is that all the prefabricated elements used during this construction process be manufactured more quickly than the elements used according to the known manufacturing processes.

Another objective is that the step of assembling the prefabricated elements is simpler and faster compared to the assembly of the elements currently used.

These objectives are achieved by a method of building walls or houses comprising the following steps:

- drying wood chips, - impregnation sizing,

- orientation of the slats on the tool,

compression of prefabricated building elements, - baking of prefabricated building elements

- Assembling prefabricated elements together, characterized in that the assembly step comprises:

the lifting of a first prefabricated element equipped with a quick hitch hook,

the thrust of the first prefabricated element towards a second prefabricated element, with the hook of the first prefabricated element arranged in front of a receiving slot of the second prefabricated element,

- Locking the first element with the second, resting the first prefabricated element in its stable position.

According to another feature, the compression step comprises the formation of projecting ribs on the plate forming a frame around an opening.

Another object of the invention is to propose an assembly of prefabricated elements making at least part of a house with at least prefabricated elements constituting a wall, characterized in that the prefabricated wall elements are linked together for forming at least one wall of a house, the top rails of the prefabricated elements forming at least one horizontal support beam for an upper floor or a roof.

According to another feature, the assembly comprises a lower floor on which the prefabricated wall elements rest, the floor comprising prefabricated elements each made of a single piece of agglomerated wood by a manufacturing process of the molding or extrusion type, each element prefabricated floor structure comprising a panel bonded to a plurality of rib-shaped support members constituting integrated joists of the same length as the panel and arranged parallel to each other.

According to another feature, the assembly comprising at least one roof comprising a plurality of components of the roof mounted adjacent by their rafters. The invention, with its features and advantages, will emerge more clearly on reading the description given with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. 1 represents a perspective view of an exemplary wall element according to the invention according to the invention; FIG. 2 represents a perspective view of another example of a wall element according to the invention according to the invention; FIG. 3 represents a front view of another example of a wall element according to the invention according to the invention; Figures 4 and 5 show perspective views of quick couplers used in the present invention; FIG. 6 represents a perspective view of a wall element comprising a window opening according to the invention according to the invention; Figure 7 shows a perspective view of a wall element comprising a door opening according to the invention; FIG. 8 represents a view from above of an exemplary profile of two consecutive wall elements according to the invention; Figures 9 and 10 show perspective views of examples of wall boxes and roofing according to the invention; FIG. 11 represents a perspective view of an example of a palisade element according to the invention; Figure 12 is a perspective view of an exemplary floor element according to the invention; Figure 13 shows a wall portion according to the invention; FIG. 14 represents a perspective view of an exemplary wall element according to the invention; Figures 15 and 16 show variants of embodiments of building elements according to the invention.

The invention will now be described with reference to the previously cited figures. FIG. 1 shows an example of a wall element (1a) according to the invention in which, in a nonlimiting manner, the surface of the panel

(10a), facing the interior of the building, which closes the walls is represented in a pattern. This same pattern will represent, without limitation, in Figures 2, 3, 6, 7, 9, 10 and 13, the inner surface of the panels closing the walls or the roof, so as to facilitate the reading of the drawings. The wall element (1a) has a height (H) corresponding for example to the ceiling height, once the house is built. The support elements are made in the form of ribs integrated in the chipboard. The ribs prevent the buckling of the panels or the folding of a panel. The ribs thus make it possible to stiffen their associated panel. The wall element (1a) comprises two integrated lateral cleats (11a), an integrated upper crossbar (12a), and an integrated lower crossbar (13a) of the same depth (P). The lateral cleats (11a) are connected at one end to the upper cross member (12a) and at the other end to the lower cross member (13a). The lateral cleats and the upper and lower crosspiece of this wall element (1a) thus form a rectangular frame closed on one side by a panel (10a). In a nonlimiting manner, the panel is disposed towards the outside (Ext) of the building or the house during construction. The interior (Int) and the exterior (Ext) of the house are shown on each side of a dotted line in Figures 1 and 2. The empty part of the wall element (1a), between its frame ( 11a, 12a, 13a) is for example filled with an insulating material. The wall element shown in Figure 1 being composed of its outer frame and a panel sealed together, the insulation is therefore a thermal and sound insulation. Without limitation, the closure panel (10a) is flat, as in the example of FIG.

In a nonlimiting manner, the support element is integrated into a panel by forming surfaces with an elongated generatrix parallel to one edge of the panel and each having a determined thickness.

The embodiment of the prefabricated wall element (1a) shown in FIG. 1 is particular to the invention. This wall element (1a) is in fact made in one piece by molding. The present invention is generalized to all surfaces covered by panels supported by beams, joists, cleats or any support beam. These surfaces are advantageously made by panels of agglomerated wood, such as reconstituted wood. The agglomerated wood materials are for example made of a resin loaded with wood chips or are of the OSB type. Oriented Strand Board (OSB) material consists of oriented and agglomerated wood fibers. The OSB material is advantageously used since it allows for construction elements of thinner section and therefore lighter. In addition, a realization of OSB type is more economical in raw material. The reconstituted wood panels are bonded to their support beams, these beams being incorporated with their panel in the same molded or extruded one-piece element. Various treatments, for example anti-rotting, are feasible on this type of material and known to those skilled in the art.

This type of construction element advantageously allows manufacture of prefabricated building elements without loss, for wood frame architectures. Various shapes are feasible, such as a decoration.

In addition the resistance of reconstituted wood materials, such as for example of OSB type, being known, the dimensioning of prefabricated elements to withstand determined efforts, will be optimized, again allowing a saving of material. According to the prior art, the raw wood beams are indeed oversized according to a large margin of safety. The example wall element (1a) shown in Figure 1, for example, will have to support a portion of the weight of the ceiling and a portion of the weight of the roof. Its upper cross member (12a) will for example be dimensioned as a horizontal beam supported at both ends. The upper cross member (12a) will for example have a cross section determined with respect to its large dimensions (P, L) which correspond to the width (L) and the depth (P) of the wall element (1a). The two lateral cleats (11a) will be sized as two vertical beams supporting the previous horizontal beam. These lateral cleats have for example a cross section determined with respect to their large dimensions (P, H) which correspond to the height (H) and depth (P) of the wall element (1a). In addition, the closure panel (11a) partially supports the upper cross member (12a).

FIG. 2 is another embodiment of a wall element (1b) according to the invention which differs from the element (1a) represented in FIG. 1 by the shape of the closure panel (10b) and the shape of the upper (12b) and lower (13b) crossbeam. The frame (11a, 12b, 13b) of the wall element (1b) is likewise connected to the closure panel (10b) in a sealed manner, the wall element being likewise made in one piece, by molding. Without limitation, the profile of the closure panel (10b) follows a broken line, as shown in FIG. 2, or forms a corrugation as shown in the sectional view of FIG. 8. This non-straight profile of the panel (10b ) closing has in particular a better compressive strength in the direction of the height (H) and in particular allows better support of the upper cross member (12b). The face of the closure panel (10b) turned towards the interior of the building, will likewise be covered with a thermal or acoustic insulation. The face of the closure panel, facing the outside of the building, is in a non-limiting manner, in contact with a blade of air flowing in the walls of the house, allowing for example to evacuate the moisture to dry the walls . The wavy face or broken line creates a slight disturbance of the air which does not prevent its circulation. Advantageously, the outer face of a wall element comprises one or more flats (14). The cladding of the building is thus fixed in support on these flats (14). In a nonlimiting manner, the cladding is made of wood cladding or comprises a metal structure receiving bricks or supports a grid on which is sprayed concrete.

In general, the support elements incorporated with the covering panels have the advantage that the assembly of the prefabricated elements is faster. Prefabricated wall elements (1a, 1b) as for example those shown in Figures 1 and 2 will be arranged side by side, the side edge of a wall member against the side edge of another wall element. Such a junction between two elements of According to the invention, the prefabricated construction is for example shown in FIG. 8. The assembly is in fact faster, since a person will at the same time mount the support elements, such as for example the cleats, and the closure elements. as for example the closing panels of the walls. Similarly mounting the floor elements (6) shown in Figure 12, is faster and simpler since a person will mount at the same time the joists (62) support with their panel (61) floor cover. According to the example of roof elements (4a, 4b) shown in Figures 9 and 10, a person will mount at the same time the rafters (41) and panels (42) closing the roof. FIG. 14 represents a variant of wall element (7) comprising a panel (71) with ribs (72) forming integrated cleats arranged parallel to each other in connection with one and the same face of the panel. Integrated cleats are shorter than the panel. The panel thus comprises two flat portions, in an upper zone and lower respectively, on its side facing the interior of the building, intended to bear against a high or low smooth respectively. The panel (7) is directly attached with its cleats (72) integrated to close a wall of a building. The exposure time is faster. The manufacture of this wall element (7) is carried out, for example, by molding or extrusion.

Without limitation, when two elements, such as for example two wall elements, are joined in contact with one another at a flat surface, the joining surfaces comprise complementary forms of connection or sealing . Complementary metallic connecting elements (7, 8) added to the edges of a prefabricated wall element, for example, are represented in FIGS. 3, 4 and 5. FIG. 3 represents a wall element (1c) comprising on the edge a lateral cleat, a lug (7) protruding metal hooking arranged for example in a housing home. On the other cleat, this wall element comprises for example a second housing adapted to accommodate a metal part having a slot (8) for receiving a tab (7). hooking. The hook is, for example, flat with a base disposed at the height of a receiving slot. The base of the hook extends for example down along the side edge.

Thus two prefabricated elements of construction associated with metal hooking parts as shown on the element of Figure 3, can hang between them. For example, a wall element is attached to each of its lateral edges with another wall element or any other element of construction comprising the same attachment means. The junction between male fastener elements (7) each with a female fastener element (8) is for example shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. The projecting fastening element (7) is first positioned in face of the slot (8) of attachment, for example by lifting the element (1c) of construction supporting the male portion relative to the building element supporting the female part. The projecting hook (7) is then introduced into the slot (8) and then translated downward, for example by pushing the element (1c) of prefabricated construction supporting the hook (7) towards the construction element supporting the female part (8) and then resting the element (1c) of construction supporting the hook on the floor, at the same level as the element supporting the female part. Thus the building elements fit into each other, simply by pivoting a building element and pushing it to another to finally let it reboot in its stable position and lock the two building elements together. The building elements are wood, a single person can maneuver to arrange them on a floor. These fastening elements (7, 8) constitute quick fastening devices that allow a rapid implementation of the various building elements. In a nonlimiting manner, the metal quick-fastening devices are blocking or the final fixing is then carried out by known fastening means such as nails, screws or any other known means. The elements (7, 8) of attachment thus facilitate the installation of the walls or the roof by allowing the construction elements of hold together. In addition, the right-angle junctions of the hooking elements (7, 8) make the entire structure more rigid.

In a nonlimiting manner, as shown in Figure 8, the outer edges of the cleats (11d) connecting side between two elements (1d) of constructions each comprise a complementary surface (810, 710) forming a baffle. In Figure 8, the edges of the cleats (11 d) junction each comprise a "S" complementary. These surfaces (810, 710) forming a baffle advantageously allow to block a possible passage of air between the two elements (1d) of construction. Indeed the junction of two flat surfaces not perfect can leave a passage of circulation for the air creating a thermal bridge on both sides of the building elements, between the interior (Int) and the outside (Ext) of the building. The baffle (710, 810) at the junction prevents the passage of air. Figures 6 and 7 show other examples of elements (2, 3) constituting a wall according to the invention. Figure 6 shows for example a prefabricated element (2), in one piece, comprising a window opening (20) and made by molding. Figure 7 shows another prefabricated, one-piece element (3) comprising a door opening (30) and made by molding.

In a general manner, the prefabricated elements according to the invention are made of reconstituted wood, for example in a material of the OSB type. The construction of the prefabricated building elements is then carried out in a manner similar to the manufacture of the so-called "process" OSB panels. The manufacture of prefabricated building elements according to the invention begins for example by the entry of wood and the debarking of the wood. The wood is then cut into slices which will be dried by rapid drying in barrels. The dried slices are then impregnated with glue then oriented on a tool and shaped. Compression and baking complete the construction of the building elements prior to evacuation of the finished product. Without limitation, the Shaping of the building elements is achieved by molding or extmdage.

The method of manufacturing prefabricated building elements according to the invention has the advantage of being much faster than a manufacturing method according to the prior art. Indeed, according to the prior art, the support elements, such as uprights and crosspieces, made of solid wood, required a longer drying time of the solid wood, in contrast to the present invention. The loss of time during machining is all the more important as the manufacture of simple OSB-type panels was also necessary according to the prior art.

In addition, according to the prior art, the machining of the support elements to the correct dimensions generated waste and therefore a loss of raw material, unlike the present invention, for which the raw material is used with a maximum yield . Similarly, according to the prior art, the planing after drying of the raw wood, then the cut to the right dimensions also caused a loss of raw material, unlike the manufacturing method according to the present invention.

Finally, the method of manufacturing prefabricated building elements according to the invention is much simpler and faster since these prefabricated elements are made in one piece, by molding or extrusion. Advantageously, part of the assembly according to the prior art, for example panels with cleats, is avoided, which allows a saving of human resources. On the other hand, errors during mounting and associated losses are also avoided. Once again, the present invention makes it possible to produce energy-saving and raw material and therefore more ecological.

The exemplary wall element shown in Figure 6, preferably comprises a window opening (20) delimited by a frame comprising a cross member (201) and a high cross (202) and two bottom posts (203) side. The elements (201, 202, 203) of the frame form an integral part of the wall element (2) which is made in one piece. Similarly, this wall element (2) is delimited by lateral cleats (212), a bottom rail (213) and an upper rail (211). Cleats (222 and respectively 221) vertical reinforcement supporting the window frame connect the upper cross member (211) and lower (213) of the element (2) to the cross members (201 and 202 respectively) of the window frame. This prefabricated wall element (2) is closed by a panel (23) connecting its outer frame to its window frame (203, 202, 201) and also connected to the reinforcing battens (221, 222). This element (2) prefabricated thus forms a set of a single piece made for example by molding. In a nonlimiting manner, the closure panel (23) is corrugated to be more rigid. This element (2) prefabricated wall which comprises a window opening (20) will for example be placed on a floor, on its lower crossbar (213). Its cleats (212) side will bear against other elements (1b, 2, 3, 4a) prefabricated wall and its upper crossbar (211) will realize a portion of horizontal beam at the height of the ceiling. Thus, this prefabricated element (2) comprising a window opening (20) is assembled with the other prefabricated elements and is for example equipped at the outer edges of its lateral cleats (212) of fast fastening element or baffle.

Another element (3) prefabricated and in one piece that can form part of a house wall is shown in Figure 7. This element (3) comprising a door opening (30) is assembled for example with the elements shown in FIGS. FIGS. 6, 1, 2 or 3. The prefabricated element (3) comprising a door opening (30) delimited by a door frame comprising a high cross member (301) supported at its ends by two lateral support legs (302). on the lower crossbar (23) of the prefabricated element (3). This element (3) is delimited by lateral cleats (33) for example equipped with quick fastening elements or baffle and connected to other prefabricated elements constituting the wall. An upper crossmember (31) of the prefabricated element (3) comprising the door opening is supported by the lateral cleats (33) and, in a nonlimiting manner, by a corrugated closure panel (34). The upper crossbar (31) allows a horizontal beam type support at the ceiling. The upper crossbar (31) of this element (3) is connected by reinforcing battens (311) to the upper crossmember (301) of the door frame. Each of the constituent elements of the prefabricated element comprising the door opening (30) is an integral part of this element (3), made in one piece, for example by molding.

Figures 9 and 10 are two examples of prefabricated elements (4a, 4b) constituting a wall element extended by a roof element. These elements (4a, 4b) are made in one piece and comprise for example wall closure panels (43) delimited laterally by brackets (44) integrated and panels (42) closing the roof delimited by rafters (41) integrated. In a nonlimiting manner, the cleats (44) and the rafters (41) are made towards the outside of the building, as represented in FIG. 10, or towards the interior of the building as represented in FIG. 9. In a nonlimiting way the wall elements (44, 43) extended by roof elements (41, 42) comprise, as previously described, window openings or door openings. As in the previous description, these elements (4a, 4b) rest on a floor and are interconnected at their lateral edges, equipped for example with quick fasteners or baffle. Figure 12 shows a prefabricated floor element (6). Advantageously, this element (6) comprises a floor covering panel (61) associated with integrated joists (62). Advantageously the pose is faster. The use of joists (62) integrated, for example OSB, advantageously saves raw material and time compared to the machining of raw wood joists, according to the prior art. In addition, the shape of the prefabricated floor elements (6) according to the invention gives them greater rigidity than simple "process" panels. The floor element (6) is, for example, made by molding or extrusion. FIG. 11 represents a prefabricated fence element (5) according to the invention, produced by molding or by extrusion. This prefabricated element comprises a closing panel (51) connected to two vertical posts (52). integrated covers the entire height of the panel (51). Poles (52) protruding under the panel (51), can be planted in the ground. In a nonlimiting manner, a plurality of fence elements (5), with integrated feet, are placed on the ground or planted in the ground, side by side, to form a fence. In another example of use, this element (5) prefabricated is used alone as a display panel.

An example of an assembly of several elements is shown in FIG. 13. An element (2) comprising a window opening (20) is placed on a floor (6) and against a wall element (1b). The wall member (1b) is aligned against an element (3) having a door opening (30) to extend the wall. The upper parts of the elements (2, 1b, 3) form a horizontal support beam, for example for a floor or a roof.

According to an alternative embodiment, shown in FIG. 16, a panel (81) is extended by integrated feet (82), the feet covering the entire height of the panel (81), to constitute a prefabricated building element (8). of a palisade or making a billboard. This element (8) prefabricated is made in one piece for example by a method of molding or extrusion type. According to an alternative embodiment, represented in FIG. 15, a prefabricated element (1e) constituting a wall of a building comprises a panel (10e) whose edges are extended by lateral integrated struts (11e), in the form vertical cleats arranged outwardly (ext) of the building to support a building cladding element. The lateral uprights (11e) are connected at their ends to an integrated high beam (12e) and an integrated low beam (13e) extending the top and bottom edges of the panel (10e). This element (1e) has, towards the interior (Int) of the building, a planar face intended, in a nonlimiting manner to be coated, for example by plaster. According to an alternative use of this element (1e) constituting a wall, cleats are fixed, for example by nails, on the plane face disposed towards the interior (Int) of the building, an insulating material being then added enter the cleats and the inner wall of the building being then fixed on these cleats. Without limitation, this element (1e) constituting a wall is manufactured in the same way as the element (1a) previously described and shown in Figure 1. It must be obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention allows embodiments in many other specific forms without departing from the scope of the invention as claimed. Therefore, the present embodiments should be considered by way of illustration, but may be modified within the scope defined by the scope of the appended claims, and the invention should not be limited to the details given above.

Claims

1. Prefabricated building element for wood architectures comprising at least a portion forming a panel and at least one support element of the panel integral with the panel, made of a single piece of wood chipboard by a manufacturing process of the type molding or extrusion , characterized in that a plurality of support members form ribs constituting lateral cleats (11a, 212, 33) each connected to a lower crossbar (13a, 13b, 213, 32) and to a cross member (12a, 12b). , 221, 31) upper, the prefabricated element (1a, 1b, 2, 3) constituting a wall, being closed at least in part by the panel (10a, 10b, 23, 34), the prefabricated element resting on its lower cross member, the upper cross member, supported by the lateral cleats, being at a height corresponding to a ceiling height.

2. prefabricated element according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one hook (7) projecting fast attachment is disposed on the outer edge of one of the two lateral cleats and at least one hook receiving slot of quick coupler is disposed on the outer edge of the other side batten.

3. prefabricated element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the outer edge of one of the two lateral cleats comprises a first surface "S" air locking, curved (710) or broken line and the outer edge of the other lateral batten comprises a second surface "S" of air blocking, curved (810) or broken line of complementary shape to the first.

4. prefabricated element according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the panel (23, 34, 10b) closure has a corrugated profile or broken line.

Prefabricated element according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the panel comprises at least one rib arranged on an outer face of the panel and forming a surface (14) for supporting a cladding.

6. prefabricated element according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it comprises in the panel a rib forming a window frame (201, 203, 202) arranged around a window opening (20), the frame comprising an upper crossbar and a lower cross member integral with two lateral uprights.

7. Prefabricated element according to claim 6, characterized in that it comprises in the panel at least one rib forming a first reinforcement strip (222) connecting the cross member (201) of the upper frame to the upper cross member (211) of the element (2) prefabricated and in that it comprises in the panel at least one rib forming a second reinforcement strip (221) linking the bottom cross member (202) of the frame to the lower cross member (213) of the prefabricated element .

8. Prefabricated element according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it comprises in the panel a rib forming a door frame (302, 301) arranged around a door opening (30), the frame comprising a high crossbar connected to two lateral uprights, the panel further comprising at least one rib forming a reinforcing batten (311) linking the upper crossmember (301) of the frame to the upper crossmember (31) of the element (3) prefabricated, the vertical uprights (302) being connected by their lower end to the lower cross member (32) of the prefabricated element.

9. Prefabricated element according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it comprises two prefabricated elements constituting a wall each extended by an oblique panel (42) delimited by two integral lateral chevrons (41), the two panels obliques joining at their top, the cleats (44) and the chevrons (41) integrated being arranged on one side of their panel (43, 42) associated inwardly or outwardly, to produce an element (4a, 4b) prefabricated constituent of a roof.

10. A method of building walls or houses comprising the following steps:

- drying chips in strips of wood,

- impregnation sizing, - orientation of the lamellae on a tool,

compression of prefabricated building elements,

- baking of prefabricated building elements,

- Assembling prefabricated elements together, characterized in that the assembly step comprises: - the lifting of a first prefabricated element equipped with a quick hitch hook,

- The thrust of the first prefabricated element to a second prefabricated element, with the hook of the first prefabricated element arranged opposite a receiving slot of the second prefabricated element, - the locking of the first element with the second, resting the first prefabricated element in its stable position.

11. A method of building walls or houses according to claim 10, characterized in that the compression step comprises the formation of projecting ribs on the plate forming a frame around an opening.

12. Assembly of prefabricated elements making at least part of a house with at least prefabricated elements constituting a wall according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the prefabricated wall elements are connected together to form the least one wall of a house, the top rails of prefabricated elements forming at least one horizontal support beam for an upper floor or a roof.

13. Assembly according to claim 12, characterized in that it comprises a lower floor on which the prefabricated wall elements rest, the floor comprising prefabricated elements each made of a single piece of wood agglomerated by a manufacturing process. of molding or extrusion type, each prefabricated element constituting the floor comprising a panel connected to a plurality of rib-shaped support members constituting joists (62) integrated of the same length as the panel (61) and arranged parallel to each other; other.

14. An assembly according to claim 12 or 13 comprising at least one roof comprising a plurality of roof elements according to claim 9, characterized in that the elements (4a, 4b) prefabricated building constituting the roof are mounted adjacent by their rafters.