WO2007109914A1

WO2007109914A1 - Apparatus for the controlled feeding of various liquid fuels for internal combustion in a diesel engine or in a plurality of diesel engines

Info

Publication number: WO2007109914A1
Application number: PCT/CH2007/000159
Authority: WO
Inventors: Ulrich RÜEGSEGGER; Hans-Jürgen KAMPMANN; Willi Heinrich Mahler
Original assignee: C4 Energie Ag
Priority date: 2006-03-24
Filing date: 2007-03-23
Publication date: 2007-10-04
Also published as: CH696725A5

Abstract

The present invention relates to an apparatus for the controlled feeding of various liquid fuels for internal combustion in a diesel engine or in a plurality of diesel engines. This apparatus comprises various parts, inter alia tanks for the interim storage of various fuels. Stored in the first storage tank 4 is a liquid fuel which does not contain any free fatty acids, for example extra-light heating oil. Stored in the second storage tank 8 is a liquid fuel which is selected from the group consisting of vegetable oils which contain free fatty acids, fats which contain free fatty acids, animal fats, glycerines which contain free fatty acids, and mixtures thereof.

Description

Device for the controlled supply of various liquid fuels for internal combustion in a diesel engine or in several diesel engines

The present invention relates to a pre-direction for the controlled supply of various liquid fuels for internal combustion in a diesel engine or in several diesel engines.

In principle, vegetable oils and fats are produced in order to be used as food, as animal feed or for cosmetic purposes.

The amount of free fatty acids contained in the vegetable oils and fats increases depending on the storage quantity, the surface of the stored material and the light incidence.

Because of overproduction, incorrect transport, incorrect storage or due to contamination more than 50% of the vegetable oils and fats produced are outclassed and are therefore no longer allowed for food, feed and cosmetic purposes.

Such degraded vegetable oils and fats have been burned, for example, in large-scale incineration plants, for example in waste incineration plants or in cement plants.

Various new engines for the direct combustion of vegetable oils have also been proposed.

With such engines can meet various official regulations for compliance with air hygiene Values, such as exhaust emissions, are not met.

In such engines can be burned because of different viscosities and different levels of free fatty acids in particular no mixtures of different fuels.

Only when major changes are made to the engine can various fuels, but not mixtures of fuels, be burned.

Such degraded vegetable oils and fats can also be industrially esterified by conventional methods. Normally, the corresponding methyl esters or ethyl esters are prepared.

Such esterifications are neither ecologically nor economically useful.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus for the controlled supply of various liquid fuels for internal combustion in a diesel engine or in a plurality of diesel engines.

^' In particular mass-produced diesel engines without special modifications can be used.

The degraded vegetable oils and fats, which contain free fatty acids, should be able to be fed into the injectors of mass-produced diesel engines in a controlled manner without further chemical treatment. It should also any mixtures of vegetable oils and fats containing free fatty acids, controlled injections of mass-produced diesel engines can be supplied.

This device should include as few and structurally simple items.

With the present invention, these goals are achieved.

The device according to the invention for the regulated supply of various liquid fuels for internal combustion in a diesel engine or in a plurality of diesel engines is characterized in that this device comprises the following parts:

a first tank 1 for the intermediate storage of a first fuel, this first tank 1 being connected via a first connecting line 2 to a first pumping station 3 and an upstream first storage tank 4,

a second tank 5 for the intermediate storage of a second fuel, this second one

Tank 5 is connected via a second connecting line 6 with a second pumping station 7 and an upstream second storage tank 8,

a first feed line 12 opens into a common feed line 13 from the first tank 1 via a mechanically operated pumping station 9, a filter 10 and a regulated tight valve 11, which leads to the injection device 14 of the diesel engine, from the injection device 14 of the diesel engine via a common return line 15, which opens into a first return line 16, via a controlled tight valve 17 to the first tank 1,

- Between the first flow line 12 and the first return line 16, a first connecting line 18 is present, which is located in front of the regulated sealed valve 11 of the first flow line 12 and after the regulated sealed valve 17 in the first return line 16, and in this first connection line 18 is a controlled first valve 19 is installed,

- From the second tank 5 via a check valve 40, via a pumping station 20, a filter 21 and a regulated tight valve 22, a second flow line 23 opens into said common flow line 13, which leads to the injector 14 of the diesel engine,

from the injector 14 of the diesel engine via said common return line 15, which opens into a second return line 24, via a regulated tight valve 25 through a heat exchanger 39 into the second supply line 23 between the check valve 40 and the pumping station 20,

- Between the second flow line 23 and the second return line 24, a second connecting line 26 is present, which is before the regulated dense valve 22 of the second flow line 23 and after the regulated sealed valve 25 in the second return line 24, and wherein in this second connecting line 26 is a controlled second valve 27 is installed,

- The first tank 1 is connected to the second tank 5 with a third connecting line 28, wherein in this third connecting line 28, a pumping station 29 and a regulated sealed valve 30 are installed,

the heat exchanger 39 is connected to a pumping station 41 and a controlled valve 42 for heating and / or cooling,

- In the second tank 5, a device 31 for

Measurement of the content of free fatty acids contained in the respective fuel is present

- In the second flow line 23 after the filter 21, a device 32 for measuring the temperature and the viscosity is present, and

- An electronically controlled measuring and control device 33, which with all said controlled tight valves 11,17,22,25,30, the controlled valve 42, all the pumping stations mentioned 3,7,20,29,41, the device 31 for measuring the content of free fatty acids and the device 32 for measuring the temperature and the viscosity is connected.

Preferred embodiments of this invention are defined in the dependent claims.

The following part describes possible embodiments of the present invention. Reference is also made to FIG. 1.

FIG. 1 shows purely schematically a possible arrangement of a device according to the invention.

The inventive device shown in Figure 1 was prepared as follows:

The cycle for the first liquid fuel, which contains no free fatty acids, especially extra light heating oil, was constructed as follows:

As the first storage tank 4, a steel tank with a filling volume of 5O ¹ OOO liters was used.

The first storage tank 4 was connected to the first tank 1 with a first connection line 2.

The connecting line 2 had an outer diameter of 14 mm and an inner diameter of 12 mm and was made of copper.

As the first tank 1, a steel tank with a capacity of 120 liters was used.

In the connecting line 2, a first pumping station 3 was installed. This pump station 3 was a Safag pump, type VBGDC, 400 V; Engine 0.18 kW.

Between the first storage tank 4 and the first pumping station 3, a volumetric oil meter 37 was installed; Make Aqua Metro, type Contoil VZO 15 RC. In the first tank 1, a trifunctional encoder 36 was installed; Make Domeisen, 3 switching points.

The first tank 1 was connected to the regulated sealed valve 11 with the first flow line 12.

The first supply line 12 had an outer diameter of 14 mm and an inner diameter of 12 mm and was made of copper.

In the first flow line 12, a filter 10 was installed in the direction of flow after the mechanically operated pumping station 9.

The mechanically operated pumping station 9 was part of the diesel engine MAN, type D 2866 LE201.

The filter 10 was a MAN spin filter with a mesh size of 5 microns.

The regulated sealed valve 11 was a steel engine valve; Make Bachofen with the dimension 21 mm (1/2 ").

After the controlled tight valve 11, the first flow line 12 led into the common flow line 13, which led to the injection device 14 of said diesel engine.

Between the regulated tight valve 11 and the common supply line 13, the remaining portion of the first supply line 12 was made of steel. Untitled. This section had an outer diameter of 14 mm and an inner diameter of 12 mm.

The common flow line 13 had an outer diameter of 14 mm and an inner diameter of 12 mm and was made of an acid-resistant and flexible hose, such as a Flex diesel hose.

From the injection device 14 of said diesel engine, a common return line 15, which led into a first return line 16, returned to the first tank 1 via a regulated, tight valve 17.

The common return line 15 had an outer diameter of 14 mm and an inner diameter of 12 mm and was made of an acid-resistant and flexible hose, for example a Flex diesel hose.

Between the common return line 15 and the regulated sealed valve 17, the first part of the first return line 16 was made of steel. This section had an outer diameter of 14 mm and an inner diameter of 12 mm.

The Regulated Dense Valve 17 was a steel engine valve; Make Bachofen with the dimension 21 mm (1/2 ").

The first return line 16 had an outer diameter of 14 mm and an inner diameter of 12 mm and was made of copper. In the first return line 16, a check valve may be installed before or after the regulated sealed valve 17.

The first supply line 12 and the first return line 16 were connected to each other by a first connecting line 18.

This connecting line 18 was located in front of the regulated sealed valve 11 of the first supply line 12 and after the closed valve 17 in the first return line 16.

In this first connection line 18, a controlled first valve 19 was installed.

The connecting line IS had an outer diameter of 14 mm and an inner diameter of 12 mm and was made of copper.

The controlled first valve 19 was pressure controlled and was set at 1 bar overpressure. This valve 19 was a pressure relief valve made of steel; Manufacturer Hansaflex with the dimension 21 mm (1/2 ").

The cycle for the second liquid fuel, for example vegetable oils and fats containing free fatty acids, in particular those vegetable oils and fats which are outclassed and / or not authorized for food, feed and cosmetic purposes, was constructed as follows:

As a second storage tank 8, a steel tank was used with a capacity of 50'0OO liters. The second storage tank 8 was connected to the second tank 5 with a second connecting pipe 6.

The connecting line 6 had an outer diameter of 16 mm and an inner diameter of 12 mm and was made of polyethylene, PE.

As the second tank 5, a tank made of polypropylene, PP, with a filling volume of 120 liters was used.

This second tank 5 was heated with an adjustable heater 34 (flow / return) in such a way that the average temperature of the respective fuel was between about 35 ° C. and about 45 ° C.

In the connecting line 6, a second pumping station 7 was installed. This pump station 7 was an oil pump; Make Steimel, type SF 2/3 GD.

Between the second storage tank 8 and the second pumping station 7, a volumetric oil meter 38 was installed; Make H. Hermann Ehlers GmbH, type OG TA with pulse output.

Between the pumping station 7 and the second

Tank 5, if necessary, a pre-filter 35 with a mesh size of greater than 40 microns be installed.

In the second tank 5, a trifunctional encoder 36 was installed; Domeisen make, 3 switching points.

In the second tank 5, a device 31 for measuring the content of free fatty acids was also incorporated. The second tank 5 was connected to the regulated sealed valve 22 to the second flow line 23.

The second supply line 23 had an outer diameter of 16 mm and an inner diameter of 12 mm and was made of PE.

In the second flow line 23, a check valve 40, a pumping station 20 and then a filter 21 were installed in the flow direction first.

After the filter 21 was a device 32 for

Measurement of temperature and viscosity incorporated; Make Endress and Hauser.

This pumping station 20 was an oil pump; Make Steimel, type SF 2/3 GD.

The filter 21 was a heated oil filter; Hummel brand with a mesh size of 5 μm.

The regulated sealed valve 22 was a steel engine valve; Make Bachofen with the dimension 21 mm (1/2 ").

After the regulated tight valve 22, the second flow line 23 led into said common flow line 13, which led to the injection device 14 of said diesel engine.

Between the regulated tight valve 22 and the common flow line 13 was the remaining

Part of the second supply line 23 made of steel Untitled. This section had an outer diameter of 14 mm and an inner diameter of 12 mm.

The common flow line 13 had - as already described above in the circuit for the first liquid fuel - an outer diameter of 14 mm and an inner diameter of 12 mm and was made of an acid-resistant and flexible hose, such as a Flex diesel hose.

From the injection device 14 of the said diesel engine, a common return line 15, which ended in a second return line 24, via a regulated sealed valve 25 and a heat exchanger 39 back into the second flow line 23, between the check valve 40 and the pumping station 20th

The common return line 15 had - as described above in the circuit for the first liquid fuel - an outer diameter of 14 mm and an inner diameter of 12 mm and was made of an acid-resistant and flexible hose, such as a Flex diesel hose.

Between the common return line 15 and the regulated sealed valve 25, the first portion of the second return line 24 was made of PE. This section had an outer diameter of 16 mm and an inner diameter of 12 mm.

The Regulated Dense Valve 25 was a 21 mm (1/2 ") steel engine valve manufactured by Bachofen. The second return line 24 had an outer diameter of 16 mm and an inner diameter of 12 mm and was made of PE.

In the second return line 24 may be installed before or after the regulated tight valve 25, a check valve.

The second flow line 23 and the second return line 24 were connected to each other through a second connection line 26.

This connection line 26 was located in front of the closed valve 22 of the second supply line 23 and after the closed valve 27 in the second return line 24.

In this second connection line 26, a controlled second valve 27 was installed.

The connecting line 26 had an outer diameter of 16 mm and an inner diameter of 12 mm and was made of PE.

The controlled second valve 27 was pressure-controlled and was set at 2 bar overpressure. This valve 27 was a pressure relief valve made of steel; Manufacturer Hansaflex with the dimension 21 mm (1/2 ").

In the second return line 24 was a plate heat exchanger 39 made of chrome steel, welded, built with 10 kW power (heating and / or cooling capacity); Make SWEP. On the secondary side of said heat exchanger 39, a heating and / or cooling device was installed, which was connected to the pumping station 41 and the controlled valve 42.

The first tank 1 was connected to the second tank 5 with a third connection line 28.

In this connecting line 28 were in

Flow direction from the first tank 1 to the second tank 5, a pumping station 29 and regulated tight valve 30 built.

This pump station 29 was a Safag pump, type VBGDC, 400 V; Engine 0.18 kW.

The Regulated Dense Valve 30 was a steel engine valve; Make Bachofen with the dimension 21 mm (1/2 ").

The electronically controlled measuring and control device 33 was equipped with all the above-mentioned controlled tight valves 11, 17, 22, 25, 30, the controlled valve 42, all the pumping stations 3, 7, 20, 29, 41, of the device 31 for measuring the content of free fatty acids, the device 32 for measuring the temperature and the viscosity and the two trifunctional encoders 36 connected.

The controlled measurement, control and regulation device 33 was a freely programmable Mitsubishi computer, which controlled the necessary relays.

Because of possible corrosion, preference is given to using those diesel engines which do not use talle, in particular no brass, no copper, included.

Because of possible corrosion or material degradation, the second connecting line 6, the second flow line 23, the common flow line 13, the common return line 15 and the second return line 24 preferably neither natural rubber nor non-ferrous metals, in particular not made of brass or copper.

The corresponding seals, connections and fittings are preferably not made of these materials.

An apparatus according to the invention is preferably operated as follows:

The injector 14 of the diesel engine contains a fuel at rest, which contains no free fatty acids, especially extra light oil.

The common supply line 13 and the common return line 15 are also filled with this fuel.

The controlled tight valves 11,17,22,25 and 30 are closed.

The pumping stations 9, 20, 29 and 41 are out of operation. The pumping stations 3 and 7 run autonomously and are switched on and off via the two measuring sensors 36.

The second connecting line 6, the second flow line 23, the common flow line 13, the common return line 15 and the second return line 24 are continuously heated.

The heater 34 is maintained at a constant temperature.

The filter 21 is also permanently heated.

The device according to the invention is started by an external command simultaneously with the diesel engine or the diesel engines.

The controlled tight valves 11 and 17 are opened.

The mechanically operated pumping station 9 is switched on and supplies the injection device 14 of the diesel engine with the fuel, which contains no free fatty acids, especially extra light heating oil.

If the cooling water of the cylinder cooling a

Has reached temperature of at least 60 ⁰ C, the valves 11 and 17 are closed and the valves 22 and 25 are opened simultaneously.

Subsequently, the pumping station 20 is switched on and the pumping station 9 is switched off. The pump station 41 and the controlled valve 42 become active and are driven by the device 32 for measuring the temperature and the viscosity.

Possibly occurring overpressures are reduced by the two valves 19 and 27.

The pumping station 20 now supplies the injector 14 of the diesel engine with the fuel containing free fatty acids.

With a delay of about 15 minutes, the device 31 for measuring the content of free fatty acids is turned on.

When the free fatty acid content measuring device 31 measures an acid number TAN of greater than 4, the first tank 1 becomes an amount of fuel, which does not contain any free fatty acids, correlated with the acid value TAN Pumped by the pumping station 29 and the valve 30 into the second tank 5.

The device according to the invention is kept in operation as long as desired.

The inventive device receives by an external command simultaneously with the diesel engine or the diesel engines, a stop signal.

The controlled tight valves 22,25 and 30 5 are closed.

At the same time, the valves 11 and 17 are opened. The pumping station 9 is turned on and the pumping station 20 is turned off with a delay of about 5 seconds.

At the same time, the device 31 for measuring the content of free fatty acids is also switched off.

The injection device 14 of the diesel engine and the device according to the invention are rinsed for a certain period of time with the fuel which does not contain free fatty acids.

This period of time is dependent on the

Power of the diesel engine or diesel engines and the lengths of the common flow line 13 and the common return line 15th

After flushing the mechanically operated pumping station 9 and the diesel engine or diesel engines are turned off at the same time.

The valves 11 and 17 are closed.

In the present invention, the following reference numerals are used:

1 first tank

2 first connection line

3 first pumping station

4 first storage tank

5 second tank 6 second connection line

7 second pumping station

8 second storage tank

9 mechanically operated pumping station

10 filters

11 regulated tight valve

12 first supply line

13 common supply line

14 Injection device of the diesel engine

15 common return line

16 first return line

17 regulated tight valve

18 first connection line

19 controlled first valve

20 pumping station

21 filters

22 regulated tight valve

23 second supply line 24 second return line

25 regulated tight valve

26 second connection line

27 controlled second valve

28 third connection line

29 pumping station

30 regulated tight valve

31 Device for measuring the content of free fatty acids

32 Device for measuring temperature and viscosity

33 electronically controlled measuring and control device

34 heating device

35 pre-filters

36 trifunctional encoder

37 volumetric oil meter

38 volumetric oil meter

39 heat exchangers check valve

pump station

regulated valve.

Claims

Patentansprύche

1. Apparatus for the controlled supply of various liquid fuels for internal combustion in a diesel engine or in multiple diesel engines,

characterized in that this device comprises the following parts:

- A first tank (1) for the intermediate storage of a first fuel, said first tank (1) via a first connecting line (2) with a first pumping station (3) and an upstream first storage tank (4) is connected,

- A second tank (5) for the intermediate storage of a second fuel, said second tank (5) via a second connecting line (6) with a second pumping station (7) and an upstream second storage tank (8) is connected,

- From the first tank (1) via a mechanically operated pumping station (9), a filter (10) and a regulated dense valve (11) a first flow line

(12) opens into a common flow line (13), which leads to the injection device (14) of the diesel engine,

- From the injection device (14) of the diesel engine via a common return line (15), which opens into a first return line (16), via a controlled tight valve (17) to the first tank (1), ^' - Between the first flow line (12) and the first return line (16), a first connecting line (18) is present, which in front of the regulated sealed valve (11) of the first flow line (12) and after the controlled sealed valve (17) the first return line (16) is located, and wherein in this first connecting line (18) a controlled first valve (19) is installed,

- From the second tank (5) via a check valve (40), via a pumping station (20), a filter (21) and a regulated sealed valve (22) a second flow line (23) in said common flow line (13) which leads to the injection device (14) of the diesel engine,

- By the injection device (14) of the diesel engine via said common return line (15), which in a second return line (24) opens, via a controlled tight valve (25) through a heat exchanger (39) in the second flow line (23) between - see the check valve (40) and the pumping station (20) opens,

- there is a second connection line (26) between the second flow line (23) and the second return line (24), which upstream of the regulated sealed valve (22) of the second flow line (23) and after the controlled tight valve (25 ) is located in the second return line (24), and wherein in this second connecting line (26) a controlled second valve (27) is installed,

the first tank (1) is connected to the second tank (5) with a third connecting line (28), wherein in this third connecting line (28) a pumping station (29) and a regulated sealed valve (30) are installed,

the heat exchanger (39) is connected to a pumping station (41) and a controlled valve (42) for heating and / or cooling,

in the second tank (5) there is a device (31) for measuring the content of free fatty acids contained in the respective fuel,

- In the second flow line (23) after the

Filter (21), a device (32) for measuring the temperature and the viscosity is present, and

- An electronically controlled measuring and control device (33), which with all said regulated tight valves (11,17,22,25,30), the controlled valve (42), all said pumping stations (3,7 , 20, 29, 41), to the device (31) for measuring the content of free fatty acids and the device (32) for measuring the temperature and the viscosity is connected.

2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that in the first storage tank (4) a liquid fuel is stored, which contains no free fatty acids, and in particular is selected from the group consisting of

- extra light fuel oil,

an alcohol, in particular methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, esterified vegetable oils which do not contain free fatty acids, the corresponding methyl esters being preferred,

esterified fats containing no free fatty acids, the corresponding methyl esters being preferred, and

- mixtures thereof.

3. Device according to one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that in the second storage tank (8) a liquid fuel is stored, which is selected from the group consisting of

Vegetable oils containing free fatty acids, in particular vegetable oils which are outclassed and / or are not authorized for food, feed and cosmetic purposes,

Fats which contain free fatty acids, in particular fats which are outclassed and / or are not authorized for food, feed and cosmetic purposes,

- animal fats,

- glycerines containing free fatty acids, and

- mixtures thereof.

4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said vegetable oils are selected from the group consisting of - Copra oil,

- coconut oil,

- palm kernel oil,

^■ - palm oil,

- Peanut oil,

- olive oil,

- castor oil,

- sesame oil,

- cottonseed oil,

- Euphorbia oil,

- rapeseed oil,

- corn oil,

- grape oil,

- sunflower oil, and

- soybean oil,

including any mixtures thereof.

5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that in a diesel engine or in a plurality of diesel engines with a mechanical Power per engine from 5 kW to 8000 kW, the first tank (1) and the second tank (5) each have a capacity of 1 liter to 2000 liters, and that the second tank (5) is equipped with such a heater (34) , which keeps the respective tank contents at a temperature of 25 ° C to 80 ° C, in particular from 35 ° C to 60 ⁰ C.

6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the second connecting line (6), the second flow line. (23), the common flow line (13), the common return line (15) and the second return line (24) made of polyethylene, PE, or steel, in particular made of stainless steel, are manufactured and heated, for example with a companion heating , in particular with a heating tape, and that all seals, joints and fittings are made of the same material as said pipes (6, 23, 13, 15, 24).

7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that said valves

(11,17,19,22,25,27,30,42) are controlled valves, engine valves, solenoid valves or pneumatic valves, and in particular are made of steel.

8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that in the second connecting line (6) a pre-filter (35) is installed, in particular with a mesh size of 40 microns to 60 microns, and that in the second flow line (23). the filter (21) is heated and has a mesh size of 5 .mu.m to 30 .mu.m, in particular from 5 '.mu.m to 10 .mu.m.

9. Device according to one of claims 1 to

8, characterized in that the second pumping station (7) and the pumping station (? 0) in the second supply line (23) is a volumetric pump, in particular a ne. Gear pump made of materials which are inert to free fatty acids.

10. Device according to one of claims 1 to

9, characterized in that in the first tank (1) and in the second tank (5) a trifunctional sensor (36) is present, which the filling, overfilling and underfilling of said tanks (1,5) via said measuring , Control device (33) controls.

11. Device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that in the first connecting line (2) has a volumetric Ölzählvorrichtung

(37) is present, and in that in the second connecting line (6) a volumetric Ölzählvorrichtung (38) is present, which is made of steel, in particular of stainless steel.

12. Device according to one of claims 1 to

11, characterized in that during operation of the device measured in the second flow line (23) viscosity is less than 12 mmVs, and in particular between 10 mm ² / s and 12 mm ² / s.

13. Device according to one of claims 1 to

12, characterized in that during operation of the device in the second tank (5) determined value of free fatty acids, FFA, calculated on the acid number TAN (total acid number) according to DIN EN standard 12634 or ASTM D 664 is less than 4 determined about the Correlation between the conductivity and the pH of the respective fuel or fuel mixture.