WO2007148653A1 - 電界効果トランジスタ - Google Patents
電界効果トランジスタ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007148653A1 WO2007148653A1 PCT/JP2007/062238 JP2007062238W WO2007148653A1 WO 2007148653 A1 WO2007148653 A1 WO 2007148653A1 JP 2007062238 W JP2007062238 W JP 2007062238W WO 2007148653 A1 WO2007148653 A1 WO 2007148653A1
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- effect transistor
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/76—Unipolar devices, e.g. field effect transistors
- H01L29/772—Field effect transistors
- H01L29/78—Field effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate
- H01L29/786—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film
- H01L29/78696—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film characterised by the structure of the channel, e.g. multichannel, transverse or longitudinal shape, length or width, doping structure, or the overlap or alignment between the channel and the gate, the source or the drain, or the contacting structure of the channel
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y10/00—Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/06—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape; characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions ; characterised by the concentration or distribution of impurities within semiconductor regions
- H01L29/0657—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape; characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions ; characterised by the concentration or distribution of impurities within semiconductor regions characterised by the shape of the body
- H01L29/0665—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape; characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions ; characterised by the concentration or distribution of impurities within semiconductor regions characterised by the shape of the body the shape of the body defining a nanostructure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/06—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape; characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions ; characterised by the concentration or distribution of impurities within semiconductor regions
- H01L29/0657—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape; characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions ; characterised by the concentration or distribution of impurities within semiconductor regions characterised by the shape of the body
- H01L29/0665—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape; characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions ; characterised by the concentration or distribution of impurities within semiconductor regions characterised by the shape of the body the shape of the body defining a nanostructure
- H01L29/0669—Nanowires or nanotubes
- H01L29/0673—Nanowires or nanotubes oriented parallel to a substrate
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/06—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape; characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions ; characterised by the concentration or distribution of impurities within semiconductor regions
- H01L29/0657—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape; characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions ; characterised by the concentration or distribution of impurities within semiconductor regions characterised by the shape of the body
- H01L29/0665—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape; characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions ; characterised by the concentration or distribution of impurities within semiconductor regions characterised by the shape of the body the shape of the body defining a nanostructure
- H01L29/0669—Nanowires or nanotubes
- H01L29/068—Nanowires or nanotubes comprising a junction
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
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- H01L29/40—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/41—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape, relative sizes or dispositions
- H01L29/417—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape, relative sizes or dispositions carrying the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/41725—Source or drain electrodes for field effect devices
- H01L29/41733—Source or drain electrodes for field effect devices for thin film transistors with insulated gate
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
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- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66007—Multistep manufacturing processes
- H01L29/66075—Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials
- H01L29/66227—Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials the devices being controllable only by the electric current supplied or the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched, e.g. three-terminal devices
- H01L29/66409—Unipolar field-effect transistors
- H01L29/66477—Unipolar field-effect transistors with an insulated gate, i.e. MISFET
- H01L29/66742—Thin film unipolar transistors
- H01L29/66772—Monocristalline silicon transistors on insulating substrates, e.g. quartz substrates
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/76—Unipolar devices, e.g. field effect transistors
- H01L29/772—Field effect transistors
- H01L29/78—Field effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate
- H01L29/786—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film
- H01L29/78606—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film with supplementary region or layer in the thin film or in the insulated bulk substrate supporting it for controlling or increasing the safety of the device
- H01L29/78618—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film with supplementary region or layer in the thin film or in the insulated bulk substrate supporting it for controlling or increasing the safety of the device characterised by the drain or the source properties, e.g. the doping structure, the composition, the sectional shape or the contact structure
- H01L29/78621—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film with supplementary region or layer in the thin film or in the insulated bulk substrate supporting it for controlling or increasing the safety of the device characterised by the drain or the source properties, e.g. the doping structure, the composition, the sectional shape or the contact structure with LDD structure or an extension or an offset region or characterised by the doping profile
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/76—Unipolar devices, e.g. field effect transistors
- H01L29/772—Field effect transistors
- H01L29/78—Field effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate
- H01L29/786—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film
- H01L29/78651—Silicon transistors
- H01L29/78654—Monocrystalline silicon transistors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a field effect transistor, and can be applied in a wide range such as a display, a logic integrated circuit, and a monofil device.
- Amorphous silicon or polysilicon has been mainly used as a material for driving and controlling transistors of conventional display elements.
- these materials are formed by a vacuum process such as a gas phase growth method or a vapor deposition method with the current technology and cannot be applied to a printing process.
- the substrate material is also limited. For example, a low melting point material such as a plastic substrate cannot be used.
- Non-Patent Document 1 shows the formation of transistors by a printing process using silicon nanowires produced by VLS growth
- Non-Patent Document 2 shows the formation of transistors by a printing process using thin silicon slices with SOI substrate power. Is disclosed.
- the silicon film can be formed near room temperature, it has the advantage of greatly expanding the degree of freedom in selecting the substrate material. Therefore, by using these technologies, it is possible to fabricate high-performance transistors with single-crystal silicon power on, for example, a plastic substrate, and realize new V and devices such as flexible displays. It becomes possible.
- Non-patent literature 1 High-performance thin-film transistors using semiconductor nanowires and nanoribbons ", Nature, vol.425, 18 September 2003, pp. 274-278.
- Non-Patent Document 2 "A printable form of silicon for high performance thin film transistors on plastic substrates", Applied Physics Letters, vol. 84, 28 June 2004, pp. 5398-54
- a promising method is to fabricate a transistor made of silicon crystals by using a printing process by producing a "silicon ink” by dispersing small silicon single crystals in a solution and applying them to the substrate.
- the following are problems in the prior art. As an example, the case where a transistor is manufactured by a conventional technique using silicon nanowire as a micro semiconductor will be described with reference to FIGS. 19 and 20.
- FIG. 19 is a perspective view of an example of a silicon nanowire transistor structure fabricated using a conventional technique.
- FIG. 20 is a top view of a silicon nanowire transistor fabricated using a conventional technique and a cross-sectional structure view taken along the line AA ′.
- a gate electrode 302 is formed on the substrate 301, and silicon nanowires 303 are disposed through a gate insulating film 304. Both ends of the silicon nanowire 303 are connected to the source electrode 305 and the drain electrode 306.
- the charge of the channel formed in the semiconductor nanowire 303 can be controlled to operate as a transistor.
- the semiconductor nanowire 303 can be transferred and placed on the substrate 301 after it has been prepared in advance using another substrate by a growth method described in Non-Patent Document 1, for example.
- the silicon nanowire transistor according to the prior art has the following problems.
- the first problem is that since the channel length of the transistor is uniquely determined by the processing dimensions of the gate electrode and the source / drain electrodes, a channel length less than the processing dimension limit cannot be realized.
- the length (channel length) of the channel region 307 in the semiconductor nanowire 303 which is a region where the carrier concentration is controlled by the gate electrode, is determined by the processing dimension of the gate electrode.
- the drain current ID in the saturation region of a metal oxide semiconductor-semiconductor (MOS) transistor is generally expressed by the following equation.
- W, L,, Ci, VG, and VT are channel width, channel length, channel mobility, gate insulating film capacitance, gate voltage, and threshold voltage, respectively.
- ID increases and transistor characteristics improve.
- the processing accuracy of photolithography is about 1 ⁇ m or less when a glass substrate is used, and about 5 to 10 / ⁇ ⁇ when a flexible substrate having stretchability and surface irregularities is used.
- photolithography is not used to process the electrodes, and printing techniques such as ink jet and screen printing are used, it is particularly difficult to apply fine effects, and the processing accuracy in the current technology is about 30 to 50 m.
- the channel length L varies due to transistor processing variations, the processing variations will become ID variations.
- the variation of the transistor is directly connected to the luminance variation of the pixel. Accordingly, in the nanowire transistor according to the prior art shown in FIGS. 19 and 20, when the transistor is manufactured using a flexible substrate or printing technology, deterioration in transistor characteristics and variations due to deterioration in processing accuracy are unavoidable. Have problems.
- a second problem is that it is difficult to reduce the contact resistance between the source electrode and the drain electrode.
- the entire silicon nanowire 303 is uniformly doped. Since the semiconductor nanowire 303 forms a channel, the threshold voltage of the transistor is controlled by the doping concentration. Therefore, it is necessary to set the doping concentration to 10 15 to 10 18 cm 3 .
- Ion implantation In addition, a technique is known in which contact resistance is reduced by performing high-concentration doping in a contact region using heat treatment.
- the heat treatment temperature usually requires about 700 ° C or higher, so it cannot be applied to flexible substrates such as plastics. Therefore, when a nanowire transistor is manufactured on a flexible substrate using the conventional technique, there is a problem that deterioration of transistor characteristics due to high resistance of the contact is inevitable.
- a third problem is an increase in channel resistance due to offset.
- an offset region 308 that is not controlled by the gate electrode exists in a part of the silicon nanowire 303. Since the offset region 308 is not controlled by the gate electrode, carriers are not induced even when the transistor is turned on, so that the channel resistance is increased.
- the formation of offset is avoided by using ion implantation and heat treatment.
- the offset can be avoided by using the transistor structure shown in FIG.
- the transistor structure shown in FIG. It is not preferable to use it.
- the transistor structure shown in FIGS. 19 and 20 is more preferable, but the conventional technique has a problem that an increase in channel resistance is unavoidable due to the formation of an offset.
- the field effect transistor of the present invention includes a substrate, a plurality of micro semiconductors supported by the substrate, and a source electrode connected to a part of at least one of the plurality of micro semiconductors.
- a drain electrode connected to another part of the at least one micro semiconductor, an insulating film functioning as a gate insulating film adjacent to the at least one micro semiconductor, and the at least the insulating film via the insulating film. Control the electrical conduction of one small semiconductor
- Each of the plurality of micro semiconductors includes a low concentration region having a relatively low doping concentration and the low concentration region having a doping concentration higher than that of the low concentration region.
- the length of the gate electrode is shorter than the length of the gate electrode in the direction facing the drain electrode, and the length of the gate electrode is shorter than the distance between the source electrode and the drain electrode.
- one of the pair of high concentration regions in the at least one micro semiconductor is connected to the source electrode, the other of the pair of high concentration regions is connected to the drain electrode, and the low concentration region At least a part of the concentration region has an overlap with the gate electrode.
- one of the pair of high concentration regions in the at least one micro semiconductor is connected to the source electrode, the other of the pair of high concentration regions is connected to the drain electrode, and the low concentration region The entire concentration region overlaps with the gate electrode.
- the length of the micro semiconductor is L, before the low concentration region.
- L is the length
- L is the length of the gate electrode
- the source and drain electrodes are
- the length of the micro semiconductor is L, and the length before the low concentration region is
- L is the length
- L is the length of the gate electrode
- the source and drain electrodes are
- the doping concentration of the high concentration region is 1 X 10 19 to 1 X
- the doping concentration in the low concentration region is 10% or less of the doping concentration in the high concentration region.
- the low concentration region has a doping concentration of 1 X 10 15 to 1 X.
- the plurality of micro semiconductors include at least one micro semiconductor having an overlap with one of the source electrode and the drain electrode.
- the low-concentration region of at least one micro semiconductor that does not overlap with one of the source electrode and the drain electrode overlaps with the gate electrode. Not done.
- the micro semiconductor is a semiconductor nanowire.
- the micro semiconductor is a semiconductor nanowire produced by vapor phase liquid layer solid phase growth (VLS growth).
- VLS growth vapor phase liquid layer solid phase growth
- the micro semiconductor is a silicon nanowire fabricated by vapor phase liquid layer solid phase growth (VLS growth).
- VLS growth vapor phase liquid layer solid phase growth
- the substrate is formed of an organic material.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a bottom-gate transistor structure according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2A is a top view of a bottom-gate transistor structure according to the present invention
- FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA ′.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a top-gate transistor structure according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4 (a) is a top view of a top-gate transistor structure according to the present invention, and (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA ′.
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a bottom-gate transistor structure according to the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a bottom-gate transistor structure according to the present invention.
- FIG. 7] (a) to (c) are schematic diagrams showing a method of manufacturing a bottom-gate transistor according to the present invention.
- FIG. 8 (a) to (c) show a method for manufacturing a bottom-gate transistor according to the present invention. It is a diagram.
- FIG. 9 (a) and (b) are process cross-sectional views showing a method for producing a silicon nanowire as a micro semiconductor.
- FIG. 10 (a) and (b) are diagrams showing a silicon nanowire manufacturing method for manufacturing a transistor according to the present invention.
- FIG. 11 (a) and (b) are diagrams showing a silicon nanowire manufacturing method for manufacturing a transistor according to the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of a bottom-gate transistor structure according to the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram of a simulation result of drain current-gate voltage characteristics.
- FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram of the dependence of on-wire current and off-current on the displacement of the nanowire position.
- FIG. 15 An explanatory diagram of the positional relationship between the position of the nanowire and the gate electrode, where (a) shows the case where all regions with low doping concentration overlap the gate electrode, and (b) shows the doping. (C) shows a case where a part of the low concentration region overlaps with the gate electrode, and (c) shows a case where the doping concentration is low and the region completely overlaps with the gate electrode.
- FIG. 16A is a diagram showing a condition for allowing all regions having a low doping concentration to overlap with the gate electrode.
- FIG. 16B is a diagram showing a condition for the region where the doping concentration is low to overlap with the gate electrode.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing a condition for a part of a low doping concentration region to overlap with a gate electrode.
- FIG. 18 (a) and (b) are cross-sectional views showing examples of a micro semiconductor 103 having at least one end insulated.
- FIG. 19 is a perspective view of a bottom-gate transistor structure according to the prior art.
- FIG. 20 (a) is a top view of a bottom-gate transistor structure according to the prior art, and FIG. 20 (b) is a cross-sectional view thereof.
- FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view of a bottom-gate transistor structure according to the prior art.
- Drain current when displacement is 0 m-208 Drain current when displacement is 0.5 / zm 209 Displacement current when displacement is 1. 210 Displacement when drain is 1.5 m
- FIG. 1 shows an example of a perspective view of a bottom-gate transistor structure according to the present invention.
- 2 (a) and 2 (b) are a top view of the transistor shown in FIG. 1 and a cross-sectional view taken along line AA, respectively.
- FIG. 3 shows an example of a perspective view of a top gate type transistor structure according to the present invention.
- 4A and 4B are a top view of the transistor shown in FIG. 3 and a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA ′, respectively.
- a micro semiconductor 103 that forms a channel layer at least in part on a substrate 101, a source electrode 105 and a drain electrode 106 connected to the micro semiconductor 103, and adjacent to the micro semiconductor 103 as a gate insulating film
- a functioning insulating film 104 and a gate electrode 102 capable of controlling electric conduction of the micro semiconductor 103 through the insulating film 104 are included.
- the transistor is formed using a plurality of micro semiconductors 103.
- the most fundamental feature of the present invention is that at least two or more regions having different doping concentrations are formed in the micro semiconductor 103, and that the doping region is suitable for exhibiting the characteristics of a transistor. It is to be placed in
- a region 107 having a high doping concentration is formed at both ends of the micro semiconductor 103, and a region 108 having a lower doping concentration is formed at the center of the micro semiconductor 103 compared to the region 107 having a high doping concentration.
- the region 107 having a high doping concentration has a doping concentration of 1 ⁇ 10 19 cm 3 or more.
- the conductivity type of the region 107 having a high doping concentration and the region 108 having a low doping concentration may be the same (that is, both the regions 107 and 108 are p-type or both n-type).
- the conductivity type of the region 108 may be opposite (that is, the region 107 is p-type, the region 108 is n-type, or the region 107 is n-type, and the region 108 is p-type). It is desirable that the region 108 with a low doping concentration is located in the center of the micro semiconductor 103, has a low doping concentration, and has a high doping concentration across the region 108, and the regions 107 are formed symmetrically.
- regions 107 with high doping concentration formed at both ends are connected to the source electrode 105 and the drain electrode 106, respectively.
- the region 108 with a low doping concentration has an overlap with the gate electrode 102 with the insulating film 104 interposed therebetween. That is, in the bottom gate type transistor shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, at least one of the small semiconductors 103 has the region 108 having a low doping concentration completely formed on the gate electrode 102.
- at least one of the micro semiconductors 103 is formed on the gate electrode 102 with a part of the region 108 having a low doping concentration.
- At least one of the micro semiconductors 103 has the region 108 with a low doping concentration completely formed under the gate electrode 102.
- a part of the region 108 having a low doping concentration is formed under the gate electrode 102.
- the minute semiconductor 103 is aligned from the source electrode to the drain electrode.
- Such alignment is ideal, but is not a requirement in the present invention.
- the minute semiconductors 103 may not be aligned but may vary in the arrangement direction, or the minute semiconductors 103 may overlap each other.
- some of the micro semiconductors 103 do not have to be connected to the source electrode or the drain electrode.
- 5 and 6 show the example of the bottom gate type transistor.
- the micro semiconductors 103 may not be aligned and may have variations in the arrangement direction. 103 may overlap each other, or some of the micro semiconductors 103 may not be connected to the source electrode or the drain electrode!
- the transistor according to the present invention can solve the problems of the prior art in the following points. First, it is possible to achieve a channel length that is less than the machining dimensional accuracy and to suppress variations.
- the region 107 having a high doping concentration formed at both ends of the micro semiconductor 103 is substantially unaffected by the gate electrode 102 and is substantially a part of the source electrode 105 and the drain electrode 106. Function as. For example, when the doping concentration of the high concentration region 107 is 1 ⁇ 10 19 cm 3 or more, carrier depletion due to the electric field applied to the gate electrode 102 is negligibly small.
- the region 107 having a high doping concentration can always maintain a low resistance state. Further, if the impurity in the region 107 having a high doping concentration is up to a concentration of about 1 ⁇ 10 22 cm 3 , the doping is easily performed without deteriorating the crystallinity of the micro semiconductor 103.
- a so-called channel portion in which carriers are controlled by the gate electrode 102 corresponds only to the region 108 having a low doping concentration.
- the dimension of the low doping concentration region 108 can be controlled with an accuracy of about 0.:Lm or less by controlling crystal growth.
- the channel length is determined by the processing accuracy of the gate electrode.
- the processing accuracy when using a glass substrate is about 1 ⁇ m, surface irregularities, and expansion / contraction.
- the processing accuracy is about 5 to 10 m.
- the transistor according to the present invention can make the dimension of the low doping concentration region 108 shorter than the length of the gate electrode. As a result, the characteristics of the transistor are greatly improved.
- the channel length is Since it is uniquely determined by the size of the region 108 having a low bing concentration, it does not cause a variation.
- the length of the micro semiconductor 103 governed by the gate electrode 102 is substantially changed due to the shift in the rotation direction of the micro semiconductor 103, and the shift in arrangement is directly connected to the characteristic variation. To do. This is also a factor that suppresses characteristic variation by using the transistor according to the present invention.
- the second point that the transistor according to the present invention can help to solve the problems of the prior art is that the contact resistance with the source electrode and the drain electrode can be reduced.
- the doping concentration of the transistor according to the prior art needs to set the threshold voltage control power from 10 17 to 10 18 cm 3
- the threshold voltage control has a low doping concentration, Since this is performed in the region 108, the doping concentration of the region 107 having a high doping concentration can be freely set independently of the threshold voltage.
- doping of about 1 ⁇ 10 19 to 1 ⁇ 10 22 cm 3 is possible.
- the doping concentration of the contact region exceeds about 1 X 10 19 cm— 3 , a good ohmic contact can be obtained because the tunnel current causes a current exceeding the contact junction barrier to flow. It has been. Therefore, the contact resistance can be greatly reduced as compared with the prior art.
- the doping to the micro semiconductor 103 is performed in advance using crystal growth, contact formation can be performed without using a high temperature process. Therefore, this method can be easily applied to flexible substrates.
- the minute semiconductor 103 in the region not controlled by the gate electrode 102 is composed of the region 107 having a high doping concentration, so that the resistance is low and the channel resistance does not increase.
- the present invention can realize transistor characteristics that are greatly improved over the prior art.
- the doping concentration in the fine semiconductor 103 can be measured by analysis using a high-resolution secondary ion mass spectrometer or a microscopic Raman spectrometer.
- FIGS. 1 to 2 and FIG. 5 are a schematic plan view and a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line AA ′ showing a method of manufacturing a bottom gate type transistor according to the present invention.
- FIG. 7 (a) Force FIG. 8 (a) shows a method for manufacturing the gate electrode 102.
- FIG. 7A a region for forming a gate electrode 102 on a substrate 101 is defined by a mask 109.
- a patterning method based on an existing technique such as a printing method such as photolithography or inkjet may be used.
- FIG. 7B the substrate 101 is etched to form the gate electrode formation region 110.
- an etching method dry etching or wet etching is used.
- the material of the substrate 101 is preferably formed of, but not limited to, a plastic (organic material), glass, or silicon.
- the material of the substrate 101 can be formed of any material without being limited by the difference between organic and inorganic materials, the presence or absence of electrical conductivity, and the like.
- the gate electrode formation region 110 can be formed using an existing technique by using an etching method suitable for the substrate 101.
- a gate metal 111 is deposited.
- a deposition method a sputtering method, a vapor deposition method, or a method of applying a metal fine particle ink can be used.
- the gate electrode 102 can be formed on the substrate 101 by removing the mask 109 and the gate metal 111 deposited on the mask 109 by lift-off as shown in FIG.
- the material of the gate electrode 102 is not particularly limited, and metal materials such as gold, aluminum, titanium, and tungsten, semiconductor materials such as silicon, and conductive organic substances can be used. Typical dimensions are a gate length of 2 ⁇ m force to 20 ⁇ m, a gate width of 20 ⁇ m force to 200 ⁇ m, and a gate electrode thickness of about 200 nm to 500 nm. As a method for making the heights of the gate electrode 102 and the substrate 101 approximately the same, the deposited film thickness of the gate metal 111 is preferably set to be approximately the same as the depth of the gate electrode formation region 110.
- the gate electrode 102 may be formed on the surface of the substrate 101 without forming the gate electrode formation region 110.
- an insulating film 104 and a micro semiconductor 103 are sequentially formed on the substrate 101 on which the gate electrode 102 is formed.
- the insulating film 104 is made of any insulating material such as silicon oxide film, silicon nitride film, inorganic material such as acid aluminum, acid tantalum, and acid hafnium, and organic material such as polyimide. Can do.
- an existing technique such as a sputtering method or a spin coating method can be used.
- the typical film thickness of the insulating film 104 is about lOOnm to 500nm.
- a vapor phase liquid layer monolayer (VLS) growth method can be used as a method for producing silicon nanowires.
- the growth of silicon nanowires by the VLS growth method is disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1, for example, and is a well-known technique.
- catalytic metal fine particles 202 are formed on a substrate 201 for nanowire growth.
- the catalytic metal fine particles 202 may be made of, for example, cobalt, nickel, platinum or the like that can use gold fine particles having a diameter of lOnm to about 100 nm.
- a colloidal solution of the catalytic metal fine particles 202 can be applied to the substrate 201 by spin coating. Is also applicable.
- the silicon nanowire 204 can be grown by supplying the source gas 203 while the substrate 201 is kept at a predetermined substrate temperature.
- the substrate temperature during growth is about 350 ° C to 500 ° C, and SiH is used as the source gas 203.
- the source gas may be diluted with hydrogen, helium or the like.
- the growth pressure is preferably in the range of about 0.0 OOlTorr to about 1 OTorr, which is the force capable of growing in the region from about OOlTorr to about atmospheric pressure.
- a feature of the present invention is that a region 107 having a high doping concentration and a region 108 having a low doping concentration are formed inside the micro semiconductor 103 as shown in FIG.
- a method for manufacturing silicon nanowires having regions with different driving concentrations will be described.
- a method for growing a silicon nanowire having a high doping concentration, a region 107 of n-type, a low doping concentration, and a region 108 of p-type will be described with reference to FIGS.
- Si H is used as the source gas 203 and PH is used as the n-type dopant gas 205 while maintaining the substrate temperature at about 450 ° C. Supply.
- Si H decomposes and silicon nanowires grow, while PH decomposes and silicon
- the n-type dopant P is incorporated into the 2 63 -n nanowire, and as a result, a region 107 with a high n-type doping concentration is formed (Fig. 10 (b)). At this time, the partial pressure ratio of Si H and PH is controlled.
- a silicon nanowire having a P concentration of about 1 ⁇ 10 cm from 1 ⁇ 10 force can be formed.
- Si H is supplied as source gas 203 and PH is supplied as n-type dopant gas 205 for a predetermined time.
- B H is supplied as a p-type dopant gas 206. At this time, the amount of Si H and B H
- the B concentration in silicon nanowires can be controlled. For example, if the partial pressure of Si H and BH is set to 50000: 1 to 500000: 1, 1 X 10 15
- a silicon nanowire having a B concentration of about 1 ⁇ 10 19 cm 3 can also be formed.
- a region 108 having a low p-type doping concentration is formed in succession to the region 107 having a high n-type doping concentration (FIG. 11 (a)).
- the doping concentration of the region 108 is lower than the doping concentration of the region 107.
- the doping concentration of the region 108 is preferably 10% or less of the driving concentration of the region 107.
- the doping concentration of the region 108 is preferably in the range of 1 ⁇ 10 15 to 1 ⁇ 10 19 cm 3 .
- the boundary between the region 107 and the region 108 does not have to be clear. That is, the doping concentration need not change sharply between the regions 107 and 108, but may change slowly. In other words, there may be a transition region in which the concentration changes gradually or stepwise between a region where the doping concentration is relatively high and a region where the doping concentration is relatively low. If such a transition region exists, doping concentration l X 10 19 cm 3 regions on more than a "high density region" in the present invention, the doping concentration is lower than 1 X 10 19 cm 3, area “Low concentration region”.
- Si H is used as the source gas 203
- B H is used as the p-type dopant gas 206.
- the p-type dopant gas is supplied while Si H is continuously supplied as the source gas 203.
- PH is again supplied as n-type dopant gas 205 instead of the gas 206.
- n-type dopant gas 205 instead of the gas 206.
- a region 107 having a high n-type doping concentration is formed in succession to the region 108 having a low doping concentration (FIG. 11 (b)).
- a micro semiconductor having regions with different doping concentrations can be formed.
- the size and doping concentration of the micro semiconductor 103 The size of the high-density region 107 and the low-doping concentration region 108 can be precisely controlled by controlling the growth time.
- the typical growth rate of silicon nanowires is about 1 ⁇ / min force and about 5 ⁇ mZmin.
- the size can be controlled to 0.1 ⁇ m by growing the p-type low doping concentration region 108 shown in FIG. 11A for 6 seconds.
- the growth control in a few seconds is in a sufficiently controllable range, and that this method can control the doping profile with an accuracy of about 0.1 m or less. Not only the region 108 with a low doping concentration but also the size of the region 107 with a high doping concentration and the overall size of the micro semiconductor 103 can be controlled with the same accuracy. 10 and 11 show that the region 107 with high doping concentration is n-type and the region 108 with low doping concentration is p-type. By selecting the type of dopant, any combination of conductivity types can be achieved. It is possible. Another notable point of this method is that a large amount of micro semiconductors 103 having the same profile can be generated by growing such micro semiconductors 103 on the same substrate. is there.
- the grown nanowires are dispersed in a solvent to prepare an ink.
- a method for producing ink for example, by placing a substrate on which nanowires are grown in a solvent and performing ultrasonic cleaning, the nanowires are peeled into the solvent, and ink can be produced.
- the solvent material water, alcohol, an organic solvent, or the like can be used.
- a process such as forming an oxide film on the surface of the nanowire may be performed.
- the surface of the nanowire may be chemically modified so that it can be easily dispersed.
- an ink in which the micro semiconductor 103 in which the region 107 having a high doping concentration and the region 108 having a low doping concentration are formed can be formed.
- a micro semiconductor 103 is formed on the insulating film 104 as shown in FIG.
- ink may be applied to the entire surface of the substrate 101 using a spin coating method, or may be patterned using a printing technique such as an ink jet method.
- the direction of the minute semiconductor 103 may be aligned by a method such as flowing ink in one direction on the substrate surface, or the directions may not be aligned at all.
- the micro semiconductors 103 may be arranged so as to overlap each other.
- the source electrode 105 and the drain electrode 106 are formed.
- a method of forming the source electrode 105 and the drain electrode 106 for example, a method of defining a region where the source electrode 105 and the drain electrode 106 are to be formed using photolithography, or a printing method such as inkjet is used. be able to.
- a material for the source electrode 105 and the drain electrode 106 a metal such as gold, titanium, or nickel, a conductive organic substance, or the like can be used.
- a typical distance between the source electrode 105 and the drain electrode 106 is about 5 ⁇ m force and 20 ⁇ m.
- the film thickness of the source electrode 105 and the drain electrode 106 is about lOOnm to 500nm.
- a field effect transistor using such a micro semiconductor is provided by partially doping a micro semiconductor in advance.
- the manufacturing feature of this transistor is that a micro-semiconductor partially doped is made in advance and then converted into ink, and the transistor is formed on another substrate using a printing method.
- a transistor is manufactured by partially doping a minute semiconductor in advance and then placing the minute semiconductor between the source electrode and the drain electrode of the transistor, the structure of the transistor changes due to the displacement of the arrangement, There is concern that the characteristics will change. Therefore, we considered a suitable transistor structure with respect to the length of the micro semiconductor, the length of the doping region, and the dimensions of the transistor.
- the silicon nanowire was assumed as the micro semiconductor material used for the study.
- FIG. 12 shows a cross-sectional structure of the transistor shown in FIG.
- the length of the micro semiconductor 103 is hereinafter referred to as L,
- the length of the low doping concentration region 108 is L
- the length of the gate electrode 102 is L
- the effect of the misalignment of the small semiconductor 103 on the device characteristics was clarified using device simulation.
- the length of the gate electrode 102 was 2 ⁇ m, and the distance between the source electrode 105 and the drain electrode 106 was 5 ⁇ m.
- the region 107 with high doping concentration at both ends of the micro semiconductor 103 is an n-type region with a concentration of 1 ⁇ 10 21 cm 3
- the region 108 with low doping concentration at the center of the nanowire 204 has a length of 1 ⁇ m. It was assumed that it was a p-type region having a concentration of 1 ⁇ 10 16 cm 3 .
- FIG. 13 shows the position change when the dimensions and positions of the gate electrode 102, the source electrode 105, and the drain electrode 106 are fixed, and the relative position of the nanowire is changed in the direction of the central force drain. It shows the change in drain current and gate voltage characteristics with respect to the amount of formation.
- the positional displacement is based on a low doping concentration at the center of the micro semiconductor 103 and the region 108 is in the middle of the source electrode and drain electrode (displacement amount 0), with a distance of 0.25 ⁇ m in the direction of the drain electrode.
- the transistor characteristics were simulated by shifting to 2 m.
- Figure 13 shows the drain current gate voltage characteristics 207 when the displacement is 0 ⁇ m, the drain current gate voltage characteristics 208 when the displacement is 0.5 m, and the drain current when the displacement is 1.0 m.
- Current-gate voltage characteristics 209 and drain current-gate voltage characteristics 210 when the displacement is 1.5 m are shown.
- the amount of displacement is 0 m
- good n-channel transistor characteristics are shown.
- the amount of displacement is 0.5 ⁇ m
- the characteristics of a good n-channel transistor are almost the same as when the amount of displacement is 0 ⁇ m.
- the transistor characteristics change.
- the displacement exceeds 1.5 m, the difference between the on and off states of the transistor is hardly observed, and the transistor does not operate.
- FIG. 14 shows changes in the off-state current 211 and on-state current 212 of the transistor with respect to the position displacement of the micro semiconductor 103.
- the first region is in the range position displacement amount of up to 0 m forces 0. 5 mu m, the off current 211 below a low value 10- 17 A, the ON current 212 stable high value of more than 10- 4 A Has been obtained.
- the position displacement is in the range of 0.5 to 1.5 m, and the off-current 211 gradually increases and the on-current 212 gradually decreases as the position displacement increases.
- the third area is an area of the position displacement amount 1. least 5 m, the off current 211, the ON current 212 are both approximately 8 X 10- 6 A, i.e. Do and operation of the on Z off transistor, the region is there.
- the reason why these three regions are observed can be explained as follows. Considering the force that the region 108 with low doping concentration is 1 ⁇ m and the gate electrode 102 is 2 ⁇ m, the region 108 with low doping concentration is in the range of positional displacement force SO / zm force 0.5 / zm. All are overlapped with the gate electrode 102 (Fig. 15 (a)). Therefore, all of the regions 108 with low doping concentration are controlled by the gate voltage, and transistor characteristics with a good on-Z off ratio can be obtained. When the positional displacement is in the range of 0.5 ⁇ m to 1.5 ⁇ m, the doping concentration Low! A part of the region 108 overlaps with the gate electrode 102, and a part thereof overlaps the state (FIG.
- a transistor 107 is manufactured using the micro semiconductor 103 after forming the high doping concentration region 107 and the low doping concentration region 108 in the micro semiconductor 103 in advance. It is clear that it is desirable that the region 108 with low doping concentration completely overlaps with the gate electrode 102. At least part of the region 108 with low doping concentration needs to overlap with the gate electrode 102. became. In the case where a transistor is manufactured by a printing method using a micro semiconductor 103 manufactured using a separate substrate, high placement accuracy is required to satisfy the above requirements. Using conventional technology, a method for accurately placing a micro semiconductor with a simple process has not been realized.
- the low doping concentration region 108 is located in the center of the micro semiconductor 103 and the high doping concentration region 107 is formed symmetrically across the low doping concentration region 108. It was.
- the nanowire 204 (L) is connected to the source electrode 105 and the drain electrode 1
- the length L of the gate electrode 102 extends from the source electrode 105 to the drain electrode 106.
- the size of the gate electrode 102 measured along the direction is smaller than the distance L between the source electrode 105 and the drain electrode 106.
- the nanowire 204 when the nanowire 204 is displaced and the low doping concentration region 108 does not overlap with the gate electrode 102, transistor characteristics such as an increase in off-current are deteriorated. If we take an arrangement where the low-doping region 108 does not overlap with the gate electrode 102, the nanowire will automatically lose its connection to the source or drain electrode and will not contribute to the increase in off-current. I found the condition. That is, as shown in FIG. 16A, the dimension from the end of the source electrode 105 to the end of the gate electrode 102 on the drain electrode side (L + (L L
- the low doping concentration region 108 is completely overlapped with the gate electrode 102 and contributes to the transistor characteristics. As shown in FIG. 16B, when the displacement force of such a small semiconductor 103 is further increased, the low doping concentration region 108 protrudes from the overlap of the gate electrode 102. The connection is lost and the micro semiconductor 103 does not automatically contribute to the transistor characteristics. That is, the region 108 having a low doping concentration is formed in the gate electrode 102. If the arrangement is such that the nanowire does not automatically connect to the source electrode or drain electrode,
- the region 108 with a low doping concentration does not overlap with the gate electrode 102, the region does not automatically contribute to the deterioration of the characteristics, so that the transistor characteristics have a certain statistical probability.
- the dependent characteristics can be obtained stably.
- it is necessary to form a channel with a plurality of minute semiconductors and it is desirable and more preferable that the channel is composed of 10 or more minute semiconductors. It is desirable to be composed of more than one micro semiconductor.
- a condition is obtained in which a part of the region 108 with a low doping concentration is disposed so as to overlap the gate electrode 102.
- the nanowire is automatically disconnected from the source electrode or the drain electrode. That is, as shown in FIG. 17, the dimension from the end of the source electrode 105 to the end of the gate electrode 102 on the drain electrode side (L + (L L) Z2) force The dimension on one side of the region 107 with high doping concentration
- the low region 108 partially overlaps with the gate electrode 102 and contributes to transistor characteristics.
- the amount of displacement of the micro semiconductor 103 is further increased, the low doping concentration region 108 protrudes from the overlap of the gate electrode 102, but at the same time, the source electrode The connection at the end is lost, and this micro semiconductor 103 does not automatically contribute to the transistor characteristics. That is, when the region 108 with a low doping concentration is arranged so as not to overlap with the gate electrode 102, the condition that the nanowire automatically loses connection with the source electrode or the drain electrode can be expressed by a mathematical expression:
- transistor characteristics can be stably obtained depending on a certain statistical probability.
- a small semiconductor in the case where a part of the region 108 with a low doping concentration overlaps with the gate electrode 102 also contributes to the transistor characteristics. Therefore, compared to the transistor specified in the formula (4), Properties are inferior.
- the force described by using silicon nanowires as a representative example of a micro semiconductor material is not limited to silicon nanowires, and may be generated by any semiconductor material.
- the same effect can be obtained not only in silicon but also in group IV semiconductors such as germanium and silicon carbide, compound semiconductors such as gallium arsenide and indium phosphide, and oxide semiconductors such as acid zinc.
- the same effect can be obtained not only for nanowires by VLS growth but also for microsemiconductors by other growth methods and microsemiconductors fabricated by microfabrication.
- the micro semiconductor is a single crystal, but even if it is polycrystalline or amorphous, the same effect can be obtained.
- the micro semiconductor may include portions 103a whose surfaces are insulated at both ends or one end thereof. In that case, the insulated end 103a is not in electrical contact with the source electrode Z drain electrode. For this reason, the length of the above-described micro semiconductor 103 is as shown in FIG. 18, except for at least the end 103a where the surface is insulated.
- the field effect transistor according to the present invention can be applied in a wide range such as a display, a logic integrated circuit, and a mono device.
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Abstract
Description
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP5312938B2 (ja) | 2013-10-09 |
US8106382B2 (en) | 2012-01-31 |
JPWO2007148653A1 (ja) | 2009-11-19 |
US20100001259A1 (en) | 2010-01-07 |
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