WO2007145232A1 - 二次イオン質量分析方法及びイメージング方法 - Google Patents
二次イオン質量分析方法及びイメージング方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007145232A1 WO2007145232A1 PCT/JP2007/061864 JP2007061864W WO2007145232A1 WO 2007145232 A1 WO2007145232 A1 WO 2007145232A1 JP 2007061864 W JP2007061864 W JP 2007061864W WO 2007145232 A1 WO2007145232 A1 WO 2007145232A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J49/00—Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
- H01J49/02—Details
- H01J49/10—Ion sources; Ion guns
- H01J49/14—Ion sources; Ion guns using particle bombardment, e.g. ionisation chambers
- H01J49/142—Ion sources; Ion guns using particle bombardment, e.g. ionisation chambers using a solid target which is not previously vapourised
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J49/00—Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
- H01J49/0004—Imaging particle spectrometry
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a secondary ion mass spectrometry method and an imaging method.
- IMS imaging mass spectrometry
- LDM laser desorption ionization
- Non-patent document 1 Matrix—assisted laser desorption / ionization; hereinafter, “MALDI” is used to ionize any part of the sample and perform mass analysis by time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS).
- TOFMS time-of-flight mass spectrometry
- the primary ion source is a liquid metal ion source (hereinafter referred to as “: LM I”) that generates an ion beam of Ga + or In +, and the focused diameter of the ion beam is usually: L m And maximum lOOnm can be realized.
- the Cs + ion gun which is an inexpensive primary ion source, has a spot diameter of 2 to 3 / ⁇ ⁇ .
- LDI is a method that uses a laser beam that is not a primary beam, such as SIMS.
- a laser For light irradiation, a laser with a wavelength that is absorbed by the sample or medium, It is required that the laser has an irradiation power density sufficient for vaporization of the polymer molecules and an appropriate pulse width (10 6 to 10 1Q WZc m 2 ).
- a typical light source is a quadruple wave Nd ZYAG laser (wavelength 266 nm, pulse width 10 ns ⁇ pulse energy 10 m), and its spot diameter is usually about 1 to 5 / ⁇ ⁇ .
- MALDI is a method in which a matrix that assists ionic ions of organic molecules is added to the surface of the sample and irradiated with a laser beam.
- the matrix suppresses decomposition of organic molecules and desorbs them. And there is a merit that ionic candy is promoted.
- a light source usually a laser
- YAG laser wavelength 355nm, pulse width 10ns
- the irradiation power is about 10 5 to 10 8 WZcm 2 which is considerably smaller than LDI is there.
- SIMS surface resolution
- lateral resolution lateral resolution
- problems For example, organic molecules such as proteins are destroyed by elastic collisions between atoms and ions in a biological sample, so that only one measurement can be performed per minimum unit dividing the sample surface.
- the amount of secondary ions generated from organic molecules gradually decreases and disappears when the cumulative dose of primary ions exceeds a certain value (static SIMS limit), but the SIMS static SIMS limit is approximately 10 12 X 10 13 ZCM 2 der is, when the primary ion current density InAZ m 2, the irradiation time is from about. 15 to 0.99 s, and becomes a serious problem in imaging.
- SIMS has the problem of charging the sample due to the charge of the primary ions.
- SIMS is not suitable for measurements targeting proteins and the like because the practical mass range is up to about 500. Therefore, secondary ion mass spectrometry (liquid-SIMS, hereinafter referred to as “LSIMS”) in which a non-volatile liquid compound such as glycerol is added as a liquid matrix has been proposed, and the practical mass range can be expanded to about 3000. is there.
- LSIMS secondary ion mass spectrometry
- the practical mass range of SIMS and LDI is up to about 500, while it is possible to measure targets with mass ranges exceeding this, such as proteins. Excellent sensitivity can be realized.
- targets with mass ranges exceeding this, such as proteins. Excellent sensitivity can be realized.
- the composition of the matrix and the method of addition there is a problem of fluctuation of the material distribution.
- the ion generation site is larger than the irradiation spot diameter, so high surface resolution is difficult even if one laser beam is focused to the limit.
- Non-Patent Document 1 Yasuhide Naito, “Mass Microscope for Biological Samples” J. Mass Spectrom. Soc. Jpn. Vol. 53, No. 3 pl25—132, 2005
- Non-Patent Literature 2 Shuichi Shinma, Mitsutoshi Seta, “Trends in Imaging Mass Spectrometry” J. Mass. Soc. Jpn Vol. 53, No. 4, p230—238, 2005 Disclosure of Invention
- an object of the present invention is to provide a new method capable of analyzing organic molecules such as proteins and environmental hormones with excellent sensitivity.
- the present invention relates to a secondary ion mass spectrometry method with improved sensitivity, in which an analyte molecule is present at an atmol (amol) or sub-attomole level in a region irradiated with a primary ion beam.
- the present invention is also an imaging method using secondary ion mass spectrometry, the step of irradiating a sample to be analyzed with a primary ion beam, and the sample sample to be analyzed by irradiation with the primary ion beam.
- Process for mass analysis of generated secondary ions and quality of the obtained secondary ions And an image processing step based on a result of quantitative analysis, wherein the primary ion beam is a heavy ion beam of 1.25 keV Zamu or more.
- the present invention further includes secondary ion mass spectrometry means for secondary ion mass spectrometry of the sample to be analyzed, and image processing means for image processing based on the mass analysis result of the obtained secondary ions.
- An imaging apparatus wherein the secondary ion mass analyzing means includes an ion source, an irradiating means for irradiating a surface of the sample to be analyzed with a primary ion beam, and a sample ion force generated by the irradiation of the primary ion beam.
- Mass analysis means for mass analysis of secondary ions wherein the ion source is an ion source that generates a heavy ion beam of 1.25 keV Zamu or more, and the irradiation means is a primary ion beam that generates the ion source force. 1. It relates to an imaging apparatus having a control means for controlling 25 keV Zamu or more. The invention's effect
- the present invention uses a heavy ion beam of 1.25 keV Zamu or higher (hereinafter also referred to as "fast heavy ion beam”) as a primary ion beam in secondary ion mass spectrometry (hereinafter also referred to as SIMS).
- a heavy ion beam of 1.25 keV Zamu or higher hereinafter also referred to as "fast heavy ion beam”
- SIMS secondary ion mass spectrometry
- the present invention is a new analysis method for biologically relevant substances, for example, in the medical field such as clinical and drug discovery and biological It is extremely useful in various fields such as academia.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a SIMS device of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing an example of the imaging apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing an example of SIMS of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 shows mass spectra for a trehalose thin film in one example of the present invention. Is the result of
- FIG. 5 is a result of mass spectrum for a trehalose thin film in another example of the present invention, (A) is a result of positive ions, and (B) is a result of negative ions.
- FIG. 6 (A) is a graph showing the relationship between the stopping power (electronic stopping power. Nuclear stopping power) of trehalose for the Au ion beam and the energy of the ion beam.
- FIG. 6 (B) is a graph showing the relationship between the stopping power of trehalose (electronic stopping power-nuclear stopping power) for the copper ion beam and the energy of the ion beam.
- FIG. 6 (C) is a graph showing the relationship between the stopping power (electronic stopping power-nuclear stopping power) of trehalose with respect to the carbon ion beam and the energy of the ion beam.
- FIG. 7 shows the result of mass spectrum of an arginine thin film in still another example of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between secondary ion yield and electronic blocking ability in still another example of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing the ratio of parent ions to decomposed ions in still another example of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is an image of a triglycine thin film in still another example of the present invention.
- A shows the result of 15 ⁇ 15 pixels
- B shows 30 ⁇ 30 pixels.
- C is a reference CCD image.
- FIG. 11 (A) is a photograph of an image of a triglycine thin film in still another example of the present invention
- FIG. 11 (B) shows the relationship between the ionic strength of the triglycine thin film and scan coordinates. It is a graph which shows.
- FIG. 12 shows the result of mass spectrum for a trehalose thin film in still another example of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 shows the result of mass spectrum for a triglycine thin film in still another example of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is an example of mass spectrum results for peptides.
- FIG. 15 is an example of imaging results for peptides.
- FIG. 16 is an example of a mass spectrum result for a mixed lipid sample.
- the present invention provides a secondary ion mass spectrometry method (SIM S) with improved sensitivity, in which a molecule to be analyzed is at an atomic or subatomic level in a region irradiated with a primary ion beam.
- SIM S secondary ion mass spectrometry method
- the primary ion beam is a heavy ion beam of 1.25 keV / amu or more.
- “heavy ions” refers to ions heavier than He ions
- keVZamu is a general unit indicating the velocity of an ion beam
- “amu” is an abbreviation for Atomic Mass Unit.
- the speed of the primary ion beam is not particularly limited as long as it is 1.25 keVZamu or more as described above, but is preferably 2 keVZamu or more, more preferably 4 keVZamu or more.
- the upper limit of the speed is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 83, OOOkeVZamu or less, preferably 8,300 keVZamu or less, more preferably 1,250 keVZamu or less.
- the ion source of the primary ion beam is not particularly limited !, but, for example, Au, Ar, Ga, In, Bi, O, Cs, Xe, SF, C, Ag, Si, C, Cu Etc. Among these,
- Ga, In, Au, Bi, and the like are preferable because an ion source with high brightness can be easily formed.
- the ion source is Au
- the primary ion species are, for example, Au, Au 2+ , Au 3+ , Au 4+ , Au 5+ , and the higher the ion valence, the higher the energy. I prefer a charged ion.
- the electronic stopping power of the molecule to be analyzed with respect to the primary ion beam is equal to or more dominant than the nuclear stopping power.
- a heavy ion beam with ion energy is preferred.
- the ion energy at the boundary point where the electronic stopping power and the nuclear stopping power for the primary ion beam of the molecule to be analyzed are equivalent is preferably 0.5 MeV or more, for example, in the case of Au ions. Is greater than or equal to IMeV, particularly preferably greater than or equal to 5 MeV, and the upper limit is not particularly limited, but is, for example, lOOOMeV or less.
- the stopping power is the degree to which a charged particle loses energy due to interaction with a substance while traveling a unit length in the substance.
- the electronic stopping power is the stopping power (contribution of inelastic scattering) due to the interaction between the charged particle and the substance's electron system
- the nuclear stopping power is the elasticity between the charged particle and the nucleus. This is the stopping power (contribution of elastic scattering) caused by collision.
- the relationship between the electronic stopping ability and the nuclear stopping ability of the molecule to be analyzed for various ion species can be known based on common technical knowledge by those skilled in the art.
- the energy of the primary ion beam is not particularly limited.
- It is preferably 5 MeV or more, more preferably lMeV or more, particularly preferably 5 MeV or more, and the upper limit is not particularly limited, but is, for example, lOOOMeV or less
- the primary ion beam is usually a focused ion beam, and its beam diameter is, for example, 5 to: LO, OOOnm, preferably 5 to: LOOOnm, and more preferably. 5 ⁇ : LOOnm.
- the dose amount of the primary ion beam is not particularly limited. 1S For example, 10 12 to 10 15 ionsZcm 2 , preferably 10 12 to 10 14 ionsZcm 2 , more preferably 10 12 to 10 13 ions / cm 2 .
- the primary ion beam may be irradiation with a continuous pattern (non-pulse irradiation) or irradiation with a non-continuous pattern (pulse irradiation).
- the frequency is, for example, 100 Hz to: LOOkHz, preferably 1 kHz to 100 kHz, more preferably 1 kHz to 50 kHz
- the pulse width is, for example, 5 to: LOOns, preferably 5 to 20 ns, more preferably 5 ns or less.
- the pulsing can be performed by, for example, an electrostatic field or a static magnetic field.
- Time-of-flight ion mass spectrometry can be performed by pulse irradiation of a primary ion beam, as in the conventional method.
- non-pulse irradiation may be used according to the method of the present invention.
- the reason why TOFMS is possible by this non-pulse irradiation is based on the following mechanism.
- the primary ion beam is irradiated, secondary electrons and secondary ions are generated, but the pulse of secondary electrons is higher than the pulse of secondary ions. Therefore, the difference between the pulse heights of secondary electrons and secondary ions is used to determine the start and end of the analysis. Specifically, as shown in the schematic diagram of FIG.
- the amount of beam may be smaller than that of norse irradiation (about lkcps to 100 kcps).
- the secondary ion detected in the present invention may be either a positive secondary ion or a negative secondary ion.
- the negative secondary ion is detected. It is preferable.
- the sample to be analyzed is usually irradiated with the primary ion beam in a vacuum.
- the vacuum conditions are not particularly limited, the same conditions as conventional SIMS can be employed, for example, in the range of 10- 3 ⁇ 10- 8 Pa.
- irradiation in the atmosphere is possible by a method in which the primary ions are incident on the sample through a thin film that separates from the atmosphere, or by maintaining the differential pressure by differential exhaust.
- the sample to be analyzed is an analyte in which the molecule to be analyzed is present at the atomic level (amol) or subatomic level in the region irradiated with the primary ion beam. It is a sample.
- the sample to be analyzed is not particularly limited as long as it contains the molecule to be analyzed, and examples thereof include biological samples.
- the molecule to be analyzed refers to a molecule to be detected in secondary ion mass spectrometry. Examples of the molecules to be analyzed include biological substances and biopolymers.
- the biological substance is not limited to a biologically isolated substance, for example, and may be an artificially prepared substance such as an enzymatic reaction or chemical synthesis.
- the molecular weight of the molecule to be analyzed is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 50 or more, preferably 100 or more, and the upper limit thereof is not particularly limited, for example, 10,000 or less, 5, 000 or less, 2,000 or less
- the yield of secondary ions increases as the energy of the heavy ion beam, which is the primary ion beam, is, for example, 0.5 MeV or higher.
- the higher the energy of the primary ion beam the easier it is for the analyte molecules to be decomposed when irradiated with the primary ion beam, and even if the yield is improved, the improvement in sensitivity can be expected. I thought it was not.
- the secondary ion mass spectrometry method of the present invention since the decomposition of the analyte molecule is suppressed as the secondary ion yield is improved, the analyte molecule at the atomic or sub-attomole level can be detected, and the highly sensitive secondary ion mass spectrometry method can be used. Secondary ion mass spectrometry is possible. According to the secondary ion mass spectrometry method of the present invention, for example, a trace amount of an analysis sample can be analyzed. In the present invention, the amol or Sabuatomoru, for example, 0. 01: A L, 000 X 10- 18 mol, preferably 0. 1: a L00 X 10- 18 mol.
- the molecule to be analyzed may be present at attomole or sub-attomole level in at least one region irradiated with the primary ion beam.
- the sample to be analyzed can further improve the secondary ion yield, for example, a matrix agent used in MALDI is further added, or a metal thin film is formed on the surface of the sample to be analyzed. You may form by vapor deposition.
- the sample to be analyzed is usually placed on a substrate (stage) for the sample to be analyzed.
- the composition of the substrate is not particularly limited.
- a Si substrate a substrate with a transparent conductive film such as ITO, a metal substrate such as stainless steel, and an insulating substrate such as glass because the incident amount of primary ions is small. Etc.
- substrates such as Au and Ag are also preferred.
- the present invention provides an imaging method using secondary ion mass spectrometry, which includes a step of irradiating a sample to be analyzed with a primary ion beam, and generation from the sample to be analyzed by irradiation with the primary ion beam.
- the primary ion beam, its irradiation conditions, and the secondary ion mass analysis method are as described above.
- the sample to be analyzed includes a sample containing a molecule to be analyzed, such as a biological sample, and the content of the molecule to be analyzed is not particularly limited.
- the molecules to be analyzed include biological substances and biopolymers as described above.
- the image processing includes, for example, converting the obtained analysis result of the secondary ions into an image signal and displaying the converted image signal, which are performed by using a conventionally known method. Yes.
- the imaging method of the present invention scanning and irradiating a primary ion beam on the XY plane of the sample to be analyzed, and secondary ions generated from each irradiation region of the sample to be analyzed are performed. Based on the result of mass analysis of the secondary ions, an image signal is obtained in each irradiation region of the sample to be analyzed, and each irradiation is performed on the XY coordinates corresponding to the XY plane of the sample to be analyzed. And an imaging method including displaying the image signal corresponding to the region.
- the scanning method of the primary ion beam is not particularly limited.
- scanning may be performed by moving the sample to be analyzed, or the irradiation site may be moved by deflecting the primary ion beam.
- a method of moving the sample to be analyzed using an XY axis stage or the like is preferable.
- the size of the pixel is not particularly limited, but, for example, 0.01 X 0. 01! 1 to 10 10 111, preferably 0.01 X 0. 01 ⁇ to 5 ⁇ 5 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.01 X 0.01 ⁇ m to l ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ m.
- the Pixenole is generally a minimum unit obtained by dividing an image processing area, and the length of one side corresponds to the amount of movement of the primary ion beam to be scanned. That is, in the present invention, the pixel is synonymous with each irradiation region.
- the time required for analyzing one pixel is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 0.0 1 to: LOsec, preferably 0.01 to: more preferably 0.01 to 0.1 sec. It is.
- a secondary ion beam is generated by irradiating the sample to be analyzed with a primary ion beam, and a secondary ion relative to the surface of the sample to be analyzed is generated.
- Mass spectrometry in a state in which a general positional relationship is maintained, and an image signal is obtained based on the analysis result of the secondary ions, and this is displayed as an ion image so as to correspond to the positional relationship.
- an imaging method including projecting onto the screen. As will be described later, this uses an enlarged ion optical system instead of scanning with a primary ion beam, so that, for example, secondary ions generated with a plurality of positional forces can be detected at the same time. Thus, the time can be further shortened.
- an apparatus for performing secondary ion mass spectrometry includes an ion source, irradiation means for irradiating the surface of the sample to be analyzed with a primary ion beam, and the sample to be analyzed by irradiation with the primary ion beam.
- the ion source is a ion source that generates a heavy ion beam of 1.25 keV Zamu or more, and the irradiation means generates the ion source force.
- An example is a SIMS device with a control means for controlling the primary ion beam to 1.25 k eVZamu or higher. According to this apparatus, the above-described SIMS of the present invention can be executed.
- the control means is not particularly limited, and a normal ion accelerator can be used.
- FIG. 1 is an example of the SIMS device of the present invention, and is not limited to this.
- the SIMS apparatus shown in the figure includes an ion source 11, a primary ion beam irradiation means including an accelerator 12, a sorting electromagnet 13 and a focusing and deflection system 14, and a secondary ion analyzer 16 as a mass analyzing means.
- the irradiating means usually further includes an electrode pair (a force sword electrode and an anode electrode) for generating plasma and an extraction electrode for primary ions.
- the mass spectrometric means includes a microchannel plate (amplifying the secondary ions extracted from the arch I, the extraction electrode of the secondary ions between the sample 15 to be analyzed and the analyzer 16). Equipped with an electron multiplier such as MCP).
- MCP electron multiplier
- SIMS of an analysis sample can be performed as follows. First, by generating a plasma by applying a voltage between the anode electrode and the force sword electrode, primary ions (heavy ions) are generated, and an electrode is applied between the anode electrode and the extraction electrode. To extract the primary ions. Then, the extracted primary ion beam (A in the figure) is accelerated by the calorimeter 12 so that it becomes 1.25 keV Zamu or more, and the accelerated primary ion beam is distributed by passing the distribution electromagnet 13. It is deflected in the direction of the sample to be analyzed by a converging 'deflection system 14 (for example, a deflection plate).
- a converging 'deflection system 14 for example, a deflection plate.
- the primary ion beam is irradiated onto the sample 15 to be analyzed (for example, a biological sample) to generate secondary ions (B in the figure). And it applies to a secondary ion extraction electrode, a secondary ion is introduce
- the extracted secondary ions may be amplified through an electron multiplier such as a multi-ion plate (MCP) and then analyzed by the analyzer 16.
- MCP multi-ion plate
- secondary ions generated by the irradiation of the primary ion beam obtain kinetic energy by the acceleration voltage and fly in the flight tube toward the analyzer. The resolution can be further improved by increasing the length of the flight tube or by using a reflection analyzer.
- the apparatus is irradiated with a primary ion beam
- the analysis result of the sample to be analyzed on the XY plane can be obtained.
- the scanning may be performed, for example, by moving the stage on which the sample to be analyzed is placed on the X axis and the Y axis, or by moving the irradiation site by deflecting the primary ion beam by an electrostatic field or a static magnetic field. Also good.
- a device for slicing cells such as a microtome or a two-dimensional electrophoresis device may be used in conjunction.
- the slicer for example, cell slicing and praying can be performed continuously, so that, for example, a three-dimensional distribution can be analyzed.
- a sample is prepared by adding a matrix to the sample to be analyzed. Therefore, when the sample is subjected to electrophoresis, the force required to cut out the gel force is essential. The sample subjected to electrophoresis can be analyzed as it is. For this reason, high-sensitivity and rapid analysis is possible in conjunction with the electrophoresis apparatus.
- the present invention provides secondary ion mass spectrometry means for performing secondary ion mass spectrometry on a sample to be analyzed, and image processing means for performing image processing based on the obtained mass analysis result of secondary ions.
- An imaging device including: an ion source; an irradiation means for irradiating a surface of the sample to be analyzed with a primary ion beam; and an irradiation from the sample to be analyzed by irradiation with the primary ion beam.
- the ion source is an ion source that generates a heavy ion beam of 1.25 keV Zamu or more
- the irradiation means is a primary ion beam generated from the ion source.
- the present invention relates to an imaging device equipped with a control means for controlling 1.25 keV Zamu or more.
- Examples of the secondary ion mass spectrometry means include the SIMS device described above.
- the secondary ion mass spectrometry means includes scanning means that scans and irradiates a primary ion beam onto the XY plane of the analysis sample, and the image processing means includes the second ion processing apparatus.
- image signal generating means for obtaining an image signal in each irradiation region of the sample to be analyzed, and each irradiation region at the XY coordinates corresponding to the XY plane of the sample to be analyzed
- an imaging device including display means for displaying the image signal corresponding to.
- the scanning unit include a deflection unit and a moving unit for the sample to be analyzed.
- FIG. 2 is an example of the image display device of the present invention, and is not limited to this, and the same parts as those in FIG.
- the image display device shown in the figure further includes a calculation unit 17 and a display unit 18 which are image signal creation means in addition to the SIMS device shown in FIG.
- a calculation unit 17 and a display unit 18 which are image signal creation means in addition to the SIMS device shown in FIG.
- an analyte sample can be imaged as follows.
- a primary ion beam (A in the figure) is scanned and irradiated on the XY plane of the sample 15 to be analyzed, and the generated secondary ions (! And B in the figure) are analyzed.
- the analysis result of the mass spectrometry is input to the calculation unit 17 and converted into an image signal.
- the converted image signal force display unit 18 is input to display a two-dimensional image of the sample 15 to be analyzed. Specifically, the analysis result of each pixel is obtained by scanning irradiation, and each of these analysis results is converted into an image signal.
- the image signal corresponding to each pixel The symbol may be displayed in the XY coordinates corresponding to the XY plane of the sample to be analyzed. Thereby, a two-dimensional image of the sample to be analyzed can be displayed.
- Conversion of the analysis result power in the calculation unit 17 into an image signal is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known method can be adopted. Specifically, for example, for each mZz that is a target, the intensity of the ion signal of each pixel (for example, the ion count number, ion current value, etc.) may be replaced with a signal indicating color shading. For example, the higher the ion signal intensity, the higher the color density, and the lower the ion signal intensity, the lower the color density. In this way, the analysis result (ion signal intensity) is replaced with a signal indicating the color density, and this signal is input to the display unit.
- the intensity of the ion signal of each pixel for example, the ion count number, ion current value, etc.
- the analysis result ion signal intensity
- this signal is input to the display unit.
- the sample to be analyzed is displayed as a two-dimensional image depending on the color density.
- the color shading can be represented by, for example, a gray scale in which white to black are divided stepwise by the color density.
- the distribution of a plurality of substances can be displayed in one image.
- an enlarged ion optical system may be used instead of the method of scanning the primary ion beam (so-called "scanning modej").
- This is a two-dimensional analysis of the target substance on the surface of the sample to be analyzed.
- secondary ions are generated in a planar shape, and the analysis is performed with the relative positional relationship of the secondary ion ions maintained! (Stigmatic mode: projection type)
- an enlarged ion optical system for example, an electrostatic lens, an electrostatic field, or the like
- an objective lens in a magnetic field, etc. can be used to project an enlarged ion image on the display unit, so that secondary ions with multiple potential forces can be detected simultaneously, making image processing even more time-consuming.
- Trehalose was analyzed by irradiating a MeV high-speed heavy ion beam and detecting the generated secondary ions.
- a trehalose thin film having a thickness of lOOnm was formed on a single crystal Si substrate by spin-coating a trehalose aqueous solution. The trehalose thin film was irradiated with a high-speed heavy ion beam under the following conditions, and the generated secondary ions (negative ions) were detected.
- Fig. 4 shows the results of the mass spectrum when irradiated with a 9 MeV (A u 5+ ) ion beam.
- Beam volume ⁇ 10pA (measured by F. C. with suppressor)
- FIG. 4A is a mass spectrum showing positive ions
- FIG. 4B is a mass spectrum showing negative ions.
- trehalose peaks T—OH +, T—H—
- trehalose peak is larger than darcos peak, it can be said that detection of negative ions is more preferable in the case of trehalose.
- FIG. 6 (A) shows the relationship between the stopping power of trehalose (electronic stopping power and nuclear stopping power) for the Au ion beam and the energy of the ion beam.
- the vertical axis is the stopping power (eVZA)
- the horizontal axis is the energy (MeV)
- the solid line is the electronic stopping power
- the dotted line is the result of the nuclear stopping power.
- the energy of the ion beam to irradiate is about 3 MeV or higher, and the electronic stopping power is dominant. It can be said.
- Figure 6 (B) shows the relationship between the stopping power of trehalose (electronic stopping power 'nuclear stopping power) for the Cu ion beam and the energy of the ion beam.
- the vertical axis is stopping power (e VZ A)
- the horizontal axis is energy (MeV)
- the left chevron line shows electronic stopping power
- the right chevron line shows nuclear stopping power.
- the energy at which the electron stopping power and the nuclear stopping power are the same is 700keV and llkeVZamu
- the energy at which the electron stopping power is twice the nuclear stopping power is 1200keV and 19keVZamu.
- Figure 6 (C) shows the relationship between the stopping power of trehalose (electronic stopping power. Nuclear stopping power) for the C ion beam and the energy of the ion beam.
- the vertical axis is the stopping power (eVZA)
- the horizontal axis is the energy (MeV)
- the left chevron line shows the electronic stopping power
- the right chevron line shows the nuclear stopping power. Show.
- the energy at which the electron stopping power and the nuclear stopping power are the same is 15 keV and 1.25 keV Zamu
- the energy at which the electron stopping power is twice the nuclear stopping power is 30 keV and 25 keV Zamu.
- Arginine was analyzed by irradiating a 9 MeV high-speed heavy ion beam (Au 5+ ) and detecting the generated secondary ions.
- a trehalose thin film and an arginine thin film were formed on the Si substrate surface in the same manner as in Example 1 and Example 2, respectively, and the relationship between the yield of secondary ions generated and the electronic stopping power was examined. confirmed.
- the secondary ion yield was determined as the ratio of secondary ion to primary ion (secondary ion Z primary ion).
- the ion species, energy, and standardization energy (square of velocity) of the ion beam to be irradiated are as follows.
- Each symbol indicates the result of arginine positive ion r (country), arginine negative ion (mouth), trehalose positive ion ( ⁇ ), and trehalose negative ion ( ⁇ ).
- Yield Secondary ion / primary ion
- the yield of secondary ions is improved by irradiating an ion beam with high electron stopping power.
- the ion efficiency is improved by irradiating a high-energy ion beam.
- the yield of trehalose molecular ions is about 0.1 molecule ions / primary ions. Therefore, (i) the beam diameter is 0.3 / ⁇ ⁇ , (ii) the limit dose is 10 12 primary ionsZcm 2 or less, and (i ii) one molecule layer of trehalose on the substrate surface (2 X 10 14 molecules / cm 2 ) Assuming that it is adsorbed! /, 100 trehalose molecular ions can be detected. At this time, since the number of trehalose molecules on the surface is 2 ⁇ 10 5 molecules, it can be estimated that 0.3 attomole molecules can be detected.
- Mass spectrometry was performed by irradiating a triglycine (Gly-Gly-Gly) thin film whose surface was covered with a mesh with a 6 MeV copper ion beam (95 keV Zamu). Imaging processing was performed. Unless otherwise indicated, the conditions were the same as in Example 1.
- a triglycine thin film (lcm X lcm) having a thickness of lOOnm was formed on a Si substrate by spin coating an aqueous triglycine solution, and the triglycine thin film was covered with a mesh.
- the mesh passed 70 wires per inch (wire spacing 360 ⁇ m), and the wire thickness was about 30 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 10 shows this image. Note that (A) in the figure shows the results for the number of pixels of 15 ⁇ 15 pixels, and (B) shows the results for the number of pixels of 30 ⁇ 30 pixels. The figure also shows an optical microscope image (Fig. (C)).
- the triglycine thin film is generated by scanning a copper ion beam along the Y-axis direction (arrow in the figure) as shown in the image photograph of FIG. 11A.
- the intensity of the secondary ions was measured.
- the pinhole diameter was 10 ⁇ m
- the scan width was 150 ⁇ m
- the step width was 1 ⁇ m. The result is shown in the graph of FIG. From the figure, it was found that the full width at half maximum of the beam was about 5 m.
- a trehalose thin film was formed on a Si substrate in the same manner as in Example 1, and the same mesh as in Example 4 was placed on the surface. Then, continuous irradiation (lOOcps) of 9MeV Au 5+ beam as primary ions was performed, and TOFMS was performed with detection of secondary electrons as analysis start signal and detection of negative secondary ions as analysis end signal. On the other hand, the same trehalose thin film was subjected to TOFMS by irradiating a 9MeV Au 5+ beam discontinuously (pulse irradiation) under the following conditions. These results are also shown in Fig. 12.
- Beam diameter 2mm in diameter
- Beam amount 5000cps (continuous irradiation)
- Pulse 50 nanoseconds, 10kHz repetition (pulse irradiation)
- Measurement time 500 seconds (pulse irradiation) 200 seconds (continuous irradiation)
- a 6MeV copper ion beam (95keVZa mu) was applied to a triglycine (Gly-Gly-Gly) thin film in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the length of the flight tube on which the secondary ions flew was changed. Irradiated to perform mass spectrometry. The results of these mass spectra are shown in FIG.
- a square bismuth flat plate was placed on the Si substrate to form a lattice-shaped groove (width 30 m) as shown in Fig. 15A.
- a solution of the following peptide (1154u) was dropped into this groove to form a thin film, and a 6 MeV copper ion beam (95 keV Zamu) was irradiated for mass spectrometry, and imaging was performed based on the results.
- Other conditions of mass spectrometry were the same as in Example 1.
- the peptide used was a quenching fluorescent substrate for caspase 3 having the following structure (manufactured by Peptide Laboratories).
- MOCAc represents (7-Methoxycounarin-4-yl) acetyl, and represents Dnpi or Dinitrophenyl.
- FIG. 14 An example of the result of the mass spectrum is shown in Fig. 14, and the result of imaging is shown in Fig. 15 (2). As shown in these figures, even molecules having a molecular weight exceeding 1000 could be detected well. The spatial resolution of imaging was 5 ⁇ m.
- the present invention for example, even when the sample to be analyzed is a biological substance such as a protein or a polysaccharide, the destruction of the biological substance such as conventional SIMS is suppressed. And ionization efficiency is excellent. For this reason, according to the present invention, it is possible to analyze biologically related substances such as proteins with high sensitivity. Also, since a matrix like conventional LSIMS and MALDI is not essential, high surface resolution can be realized. In addition, according to the present invention, mass analysis with high sensitivity can be performed on biologically related substances, and therefore image display can be performed according to the obtained analysis. If image display becomes possible, the presence or distribution of biologically relevant substances and their distribution can be easily confirmed. Therefore, the present invention is a new analytical method for biologically relevant substances, for example, clinical fields such as clinical and drug discovery and biological It is extremely useful in various fields.
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US12/308,326 US7960691B2 (en) | 2006-06-13 | 2007-06-13 | Second ion mass spectrometry method and imaging method |
JP2008521224A JP5120955B2 (ja) | 2006-06-13 | 2007-06-13 | 二次イオン質量分析方法及びイメージング方法 |
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JP2010091292A (ja) * | 2008-10-03 | 2010-04-22 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology | 試料分析方法及び装置 |
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US8263933B2 (en) | 2008-09-04 | 2012-09-11 | Carl Zeiss Nts Gmbh | Device and method for analyzing an organic sample |
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EP2037260A1 (en) | 2009-03-18 |
JP5120955B2 (ja) | 2013-01-16 |
JPWO2007145232A1 (ja) | 2009-11-05 |
CN101467033A (zh) | 2009-06-24 |
US20100155591A1 (en) | 2010-06-24 |
EP2037260A4 (en) | 2012-01-04 |
US7960691B2 (en) | 2011-06-14 |
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