WO2007039131A1 - Lichtstreuende kunststoffzusammensetzung mit hoher helligkeit und deren verwendung in flachbildschirmen - Google Patents
Lichtstreuende kunststoffzusammensetzung mit hoher helligkeit und deren verwendung in flachbildschirmen Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007039131A1 WO2007039131A1 PCT/EP2006/009201 EP2006009201W WO2007039131A1 WO 2007039131 A1 WO2007039131 A1 WO 2007039131A1 EP 2006009201 W EP2006009201 W EP 2006009201W WO 2007039131 A1 WO2007039131 A1 WO 2007039131A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/16—Solid spheres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
- B32B27/20—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using fillers, pigments, thixotroping agents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
- B32B27/365—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters comprising polycarbonates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
- B32B37/15—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with at least one layer being manufactured and immediately laminated before reaching its stable state, e.g. in which a layer is extruded and laminated while in semi-molten state
- B32B37/153—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with at least one layer being manufactured and immediately laminated before reaching its stable state, e.g. in which a layer is extruded and laminated while in semi-molten state at least one layer is extruded and immediately laminated while in semi-molten state
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L101/00—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds
- C08L101/12—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds characterised by physical features, e.g. anisotropy, viscosity or electrical conductivity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L69/00—Compositions of polycarbonates; Compositions of derivatives of polycarbonates
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/005—Diaphragms
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/402—Coloured
- B32B2307/4026—Coloured within the layer by addition of a colorant, e.g. pigments, dyes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/412—Transparent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2309/00—Parameters for the laminating or treatment process; Apparatus details
- B32B2309/08—Dimensions, e.g. volume
- B32B2309/10—Dimensions, e.g. volume linear, e.g. length, distance, width
- B32B2309/105—Thickness
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2398/00—Unspecified macromolecular compounds
- B32B2398/20—Thermoplastics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/14—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing polymeric additives characterised by shape
- C08L2205/18—Spheres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L51/00—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L51/04—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers grafted on to rubbers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31507—Of polycarbonate
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a plastic composition of a transparent plastic, especially polycarbonate, and transparent polymeric particles having a different optical density from matrix material and the use of this plastic composition for plates, in particular for diffuser plates in flat screens.
- the composition is characterized by a particularly low fines content of the scattering pigments.
- Light-scattering translucent products of transparent plastics with various light-scattering additives and moldings produced therefrom are already known from the prior art.
- EP-A 634 445 discloses light-diffusing compositions containing vinyl acrylate-based polymeric particles having a core / shell morphology in combination with TiO ⁇ .
- JP 0931 1205 describes the use of PC / (poly (4-methyl-1-pentene) blends as matrix material for diffuser in backlight units.
- JP 03078701 describes light-scattering PC boards which have calcium carbonate and titanium dioxide as scattering pigments and have a light transmission of about 40%.
- JP 05257002 describes light-scattering PC plates with scattering pigments of silica.
- JP 10046022 describes PC plates with scattering pigments of polyorganosiloxanes.
- JP 0822031 1 two-layered plates are described with a diffuser coextrusion layer of 5 to 25 ⁇ m, which contains acrylic scattering pigments, and a base layer of a thermoplastic.
- the scattering pigments used here have a size of 0.1 to 20 microns.
- JP 10046018 a PC is claimed which contains 0.01 to 1% cross-linked spherical polyacrylates.
- JP 0901 1328 PC boards are claimed, which have an embossed groove structure, which are applied during the extrusion.
- JP 2004/029091 describes PC diffuser plates containing 0.3 to 20% scattering pigment and 0.0005 to 0.1% optical brightener.
- EP 1404520 describes multilayer plates containing perfluoroalkylsulfonic acid salts as an antistatic agent.
- US 2004/0228141 describes antistatic light-scattering PC films in thicknesses of 0.025 to 0.5 mm, which contain fluorinated phosphonium sulfonates as antistatic agents.
- JP 11-005241 describes diffusing plates based on PMMA, which consist of a base layer with inorganic scattering pigments and a transparent covering layer with an antistatic agent.
- the diffuser plates known from the prior art have an unsatisfactory brightness, in particular in conjunction with the set of foils usually used in a so-called backlight unit.
- the brightness of the entire system must be considered.
- a backlight unit (Direct Light System) has the structure described below. It usually consists of a housing in which, depending on the size of the backlight unit, a different number of fluorescent tubes, so-called CCFL (CoId Cathode Fluorescent Lamp) are arranged. The inside of the housing is equipped with a light reflecting surface. On this illumination system is the diffuser plate, which has a thickness of 1 to 3 mm, preferably a thickness of 1.5 to 2 mm. On the diffuser plate there is a set of foils which can have the following functions: light scattering (diffuser foils), circular palarisators, focusing of the light in the forward direction by so-called. BEF (Brightness En- hancement Film) and Linear Polarizers. The linearly polarizing film lies directly under the LCD display above.
- CCFL CoId Cathode Fluorescent Lamp
- AIs transparent scattering pigments can be according to prior art are generally used all acrylates grouting a sufficiently high thermal stability up to at least 300 0 C at the processing temperatures of the transparent plastic, preferably polycarbosilane nat not to be decomposed.
- pigments must not have any functionalities that lead to degradation of the polymer chain of the polycarbonate.
- Paraloid® from Rohm & Haas or Techpolymer® from Sekisui can be used very well for pigmenting transparent plastics. From this product line a variety of different types are available. Core shell acrylates from the paraloid series are preferably used.
- Nanoscale particles in the sizes 10 to 200 nm provide no appreciable contribution to light scattering and should therefore play no significant role in the optical properties.
- the proportion of particles having an average particle diameter of from 80 to 200 nm has a particularly negative effect on the luminance of the diffuser plate in the BLU, even though these particles have no influence on the scattering effect, expressed by the haze ,
- the subject of this invention are therefore plastic compositions and made therefrom
- the number of particles per surface is determined by examining the surface using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). This method is familiar to the person skilled in the art and is explained in greater detail in the exemplary embodiments.
- FAM Atomic Force Microscopy
- a preferred embodiment of the invention is a plastic composition of a composition containing 80 to 99.99% by weight of a transparent plastic, preferably polycarbonate and 0.01 to 20% by weight of polymeric particles, said polymeric particles having a particle size substantially between 1 and 50 ⁇ m , characterized by a proportion of particles with a particle size of 80 to 200 nm below a value of 20 particles per 100 ⁇ m 2 surface of the plastic composition, preferably below 10 particles per 100 ⁇ m 2 , more preferably below 5 particles per 100 ⁇ m 2 .
- Another object of this invention is a process for the preparation of the plastic composition according to the invention.
- the plastic compositions according to the invention are preferably produced and further processed by thermoplastic processing.
- the shearing in the thermoplastic processing forms the nanoscale polymeric particles. Shear rates and mechanical stability of the particles can be adjusted and known to those skilled in the art.
- core / shell acrylates are preferred because of their morphology since they provide the plastic compositions of the present invention.
- Another object of this invention is the use of the plastic composition according to the invention for the production of plates, in particular diffuser plates for flat screens, in particular in the backlighting of LCD displays.
- the diffuser plates produced from the plastic compositions according to the invention, have a high light transmission with simultaneously high light scattering and can be used, for example, in the illumination systems of flat screens (LCD screens).
- LCD screens flat screens
- a high light scattering with simultaneous high light transmission and focusing of the light in the direction of the viewer is of crucial importance.
- the illumination system of such flat screens can be either with lateral light coupling (edge light system) or with larger screen sizes, in which the lateral light coupling is no longer sufficient, via a backlight unit (BLU), in which the direct illumination behind the diffuser plate through This must be distributed as evenly as possible (Direct Light System).
- BLU backlight unit
- polyesters such as PET or PEN, polycarbonate, polycarbonate / polyester blends, eg PC / PET, polycarbonate / Polycyclohexylmethanol cyclohexanedicarboxylate (PCCD, Xylecs® from GE), polycarbonate / PBT.
- PCCD Polycyclohexylmethanol cyclohexanedicarboxylate
- Suitable polycarbonates for the production of the plastic composition according to the invention are all known polycarbonates. These are homopolycarbonates, copolycarbonates and thermoplastic polyestercarbonates.
- the suitable polycarbonates preferably have average molecular weights M w of from 18,000 to 40,000, preferably from 26,000 to 36,000 and in particular from 28,000 to 35,000, determined by measuring the relative solution viscosity in dichloromethane or mixtures of equal amounts by weight phenol / o-dichlorobenzene calibrated by light scattering.
- the polycarbonates are preferably prepared by the phase boundary process or the melt transesterification process and will be described below by way of example using the phase boundary process.
- the phosgenation of a disodium salt of a bisphenol (or a mixture of different bisphenols) in aqueous alkaline solution (or suspension) is carried out in the presence of an inert organic solvent or solvent mixture which forms a second phase.
- the resulting, mainly present in the organic phase, oligocarbonates are condensed with the aid of suitable catalysts to high molecular weight, dissolved in the organic phase, polycarbonates.
- the organic phase becomes finally separated and the polycarbonate isolated by various workup steps from it.
- Diphenols suitable for the preparation of the polycarbonates to be used according to the invention are, for example, hydroquinone, resorcinol, dihydroxydiphenyl, bis (hydroxyphenyl) alkanes, bis (hydroxyphenyl) -cycloalkanes, bis (hydroxyphenyl) sulfites, bis (hydroxyphenyl) ethers , Bis (hydroxyphenyl) ketones, bis (hydroxyphenyl) sulfones, bis (hydroxyphenyl) sulfoxides, ⁇ , ⁇ '-bis (hydroxyphenyl) diisopropylbenzenes, and their alkylated, nuclear alkylated and nuclear halogenated compounds.
- Preferred diphenols are 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -l-phenyl-propane, 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -phenyl-ethane, 2,2-bis- (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, 2,4-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -2-methylbutane, 1,3-bis [2- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -2-propyl] benzene (bisphenol M), 2,2-bis- (3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) -propane, bis (3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) -methane, 2,2-bis (3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl ) -propane, bis (3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfone, 2,4-bis (3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) -2-methylbutane, 1,3-bis- [2 - (3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphen
- diphenols are 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl, 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -phenyl-ethane, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -propane, 2,2-bis (3,5 -dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) -propane, 1,1-bis- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -cyclohexane and 1,1-bis- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane (bisphenol TMC) and mixtures thereof ,
- the monofunctional chain terminators such as phenol or alkylphenols, in particular phenol, p-tert-butylphenol, iso-octylphenol, cumylphenol, their chlorocarbonic acid esters or acid chlorides of monocarboxylic acids or mixtures of these chain terminators are required either with the bisphenolate or with the bisphenolate added to the bisphenolates of the reaction or added at any time during the synthesis, as long as in the reaction mixture phosgene or Chlorkohlenquipreend phenomenon are present or in the case of acid chlorides and chloroformate as chain terminators as long as enough phenolic end groups of the forming polymer are available.
- the chain terminator (s) are added after phosgenation at one point or at a time when phosgene is no longer present but the catalyst has not yet been metered, or before the catalyst, with the catalyst together or in parallel.
- any branching or debranching compounds to be used are added to the synthesis, but usually before the chain terminators.
- trisphenols, quarterphenols or acid chlorides of tri- or tetracarboxylic acids are used, or mixtures of polyphenols or acid chlorides.
- Some of the other trifunctional compounds are 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, trimesic acid, cyanuric chloride and 3,3-bis (3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) -2-oxo-2,3-dihydroindole.
- Preferred branching agents are 3,3-bis (3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) -2-oxo-2,3-dihydroindole and 1,1,1-tri (4-hydroxyphenyl) -ethane.
- the catalysts used in the phase interface synthesis are tert.
- Amines in particular triethylamine, tributylamine, trioctylamine, N-ethylpiperidine, N-methylpiperidine, N-i / n-propylpiperidine; quaternary ammonium salts such as tetrabutylammonium / tributylbenzylammonium / tetraethylammonium hydroxide / chloride / bromide / hydrogensulfate / tetrafluoroborate; and the phosphonium compounds corresponding to the ammonium compounds.
- phase interface catalysts are described as typical phase interface catalysts in the literature, are commercially available and familiar to those skilled in the art.
- the catalysts may be added individually, in admixture or else side by side and sequentially to the synthesis, if appropriate also prior to phosgenation, but preference is given to doses after phosgene introduction, unless an onium compound or mixtures of onium compounds is used as catalysts, then an addition before the phosgene dosage is preferred.
- the metered addition of the catalyst or of the catalysts can be carried out in bulk, in an inert solvent, preferably that of the polycarbonate synthesis, or else as an aqueous solution, in the case of tert.
- Amines then as their ammonium salts with acids, preferably mineral acids, in particular hydrochloric acid, take place.
- acids preferably mineral acids, in particular hydrochloric acid
- the total amount of catalysts used is between 0.001 to 10 mol% based on moles of bisphenols, preferably 0.01 to 8 mol%, particularly preferably 0.05 to 5 mol%.
- transesterification for example, in US-A 34 94 885, 43 86 186, 46 61 580, 46 80 371 and 46 80 372, in EP-A 26 120, 26 121, 26 684, 28 030 , 39 845, 39 845, 91 602, 97 970, 79 075, 14 68 87, 15 61 03, 23 49 13 and 24 03 01 as well as in DE-A 14 95 626 and 22 32 977 described.
- copolycarbonates Both homopolycarbonates and copolycarbonates are suitable.
- component A For the preparation of copolycarbonates according to the invention as component A, it is also possible to use from 1 to 25% by weight, preferably from 2.5 to 25% by weight (based on the total amount of diphenols to be used) of hydroxyl-aryloxy endblocked polydiorganosiloxanes. These are known (see, for example, US Patent 3,419,634) or produced by literature methods.
- the preparation of polydi- organosiloxane-containing copolycarbonates is z. B. in DE-OS 33 34 782 described.
- Preferred polycarbonates in addition to the bisphenol A homopolycarbonates, are the copolycarbonates of bisphenol A with up to 15 mol%, based on the molar sums of diphenols, of other than preferred or particularly preferred diphenols, in particular 2,2-bis (3 , 5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl) -propane, 1,3-dihydroxybenzene.
- Aromatic dicarboxylic acid dihalides for the preparation of aromatic polyester carbonates are preferably the diacid dichlorides of isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, diphenyl ether-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid and naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid.
- a carbonyl halide preferably phosgene, is additionally used as bifunctional acid derivative.
- chain terminators for the preparation of the aromatic polyester are in addition to the aforementioned monophenols nor their chlorocarbonic acid esters and the acid chlorides of aromatic monocarboxylic acids, which may optionally be substituted by C 1 -C 22 alkyl or by halogen atoms, and aliphatic C 2 -C 22 monocarboxylic acid into consideration.
- the amount of chain terminators is in each case 0.1 to 10 mol%, based on moles of diphenols in the case of the phenolic chain terminators and on moles of dicarboxylic acid dichlorides in the case of monocarboxylic acid chloride chain terminators.
- the aromatic polyester carbonates may also contain incorporated aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acids.
- the aromatic polyester carbonates can be branched both linearly and in a known manner (see also DE-OS 29 40 024 and DE-OS 30 07 934).
- Suitable branching agents are, for example, 3- or polyfunctional carboxylic acid chlorides, such as trimesic acid trichloride, cyanuric trichloride, 3,3'-4,4'-benzophenone tetracarboxylic acid tetrachloride, 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid tetrachloride or pyromellitic acid tetrachloride, in amounts of from 0.01 to 1.0 mol% (based on the dicarboxylic acid dichlorides used) or 3- or more-functional phenols, such as phloroglucinol, 4,6-dimethyl-2,4,6-tri- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -heptene-2,4,4- Dimethyl 2,4,6-tris (4-hydroxyphenyl) heptane, 1,3,5-tri (4-hydroxyphenyl) benzene, 1,1-tri (4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane, Tri- (4-hydroxyphenyl
- thermoplastic aromatic polyester carbonates
- proportion of carbonate structural units can vary as desired.
- the proportion of carbonate groups is preferably up to 100 mol%, in particular up to 80 mol%, particularly preferably up to 50 mol%, based on the sum of ester groups and carbonate groups.
- Both the ester and the carbonate portion of the aromatic polyester carbonates may be present in the form of blocks or randomly distributed in the polycondensate.
- the relative solution viscosity (eta rel) of the aromatic polyester carbonates is in the range of 1.18 to 1.4, preferably 1.22 to 1.3 (measured on solutions of 0.5 g of polyester carbonate in 100 ml of methylene chloride solution at 25 ° C.) ,
- thermoplastic, aromatic polycarbonates and polyester carbonates may be used alone or in any desired mixture with one another.
- Copolycarbonates according to the invention are in particular Poydiorganosiloxan- polycarbonate block copolymers with average molecular weight Mw of about 10,000 to 200,000, preferably 20,000 to 80,000 (determined by gel chromatography after prior calibration) and having an aromatic carbonate structural units content of about 75 to 97.5 wt %, preferably 85 to 97 wt .-% and a content of Polydiorganosiloxan Modelltechniken of about 25 to 2.5% by weight, preferably 15 to 3 wt .-%, wherein the block copolymers starting from alpha, omega - Bishydroxyaryloxyend phenomenon-containing Polydiorganosiloxanen having a degree of polymerization Pn of 5 to 100, preferably 20 to 80, are prepared.
- the polydiorganosiloxane-polycarbonate block polymers can also be a mixture of polydiorganosiloxane-polycarbonate block copolymers with conventional polysiloxane-free thermoplastic polycarbonates, the total content of polydiorganosiloxane structural units in this mixture being about 2.5 to 25% by weight.
- Such polydiorganosiloxane-polycarbonate block copolymers are characterized in that they contain in the polymer chain on the one hand aromatic carbonate structural units (1) and on the other hand polydiorganosiloxanes containing aryl end groups (2),
- Such polydiorganosiloxane polycarbonate block copolymers are e.g.
- U.S. Patent 3,189,662 U.S. Patent 3,821,325 and U.S. Patent 3,832,419 are known.
- Preferred polydiorganosiloxane polycarbonate block copolymers are prepared by reacting alpha, omega-bishydroxyaryloxy end-group-containing polydiorganosiloxanes with other diphenols, optionally with the addition of branching agents in the usual amounts, e.g. according to the two-phase interface method (see H. Schnell, Chemistry and Physics of Polycarbonate Polymer Rev. Vol. DC, page 27 et seq., Interscience Publishers New York 1964), where in each case the ratio of bifunctional phenolic. Reactants is chosen so that it results in the inventive content of aromatic carbonate structural units and Diorganosi- loxy units.
- Such alpha, omega-bishydroxyaryloxy end-group-containing polydiorganosiloxanes are e.g. from US 3,419,634.
- the acrylate-based polymeric particles having a core-shell morphology to be used according to the invention are, for example and preferably, those disclosed in EP-A 634 445.
- the polymeric particles have a core of a rubbery vinyl polymer.
- the rubbery vinyl polymer may be a homo- or copolymer of any of the monomers having at least one ethylenically unsaturated group which are known to those skilled in the art for addition polymerization under the conditions of emulsion polymerization in an aqueous medium. Such monomers are listed in US 4,226,752, column 3, lines 40-62.
- the rubbery vinyl polymer preferably contains at least 15%, more preferably at least 25%, most preferably at least 40% of a polymerized acrylate, methacrylate, monovinylarene or optionally substituted butadiene and from 0 to 85%, more preferably from 0 to 75%, most preferably from 0 to 60% of one or more copolymerized vinyl monomers, based on the total weight of the rubbery vinyl polymer.
- Preferred acrylates and methacrylates are alkyl acrylates or alkyl methacrylates which preferably contain from 1 to 18, more preferably 1 to 8, most preferably 2 to 8 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n- Butyl, sec-butyl or tert-butyl or hexyl, heptyl or octyl groups.
- the alkyl group may be branched or linear.
- the preferred alkyl acrylates are ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate or 2-ethylhexyl acrylate.
- the most preferred alkyl acrylate is butyl acrylate.
- Suitable acrylates are, for example, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, ethylthioethyl methacrylate, isobornyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-phenoxyethyl acrylate, glycidyl acrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate, 2-ethoxyethyl acrylate, t-butylaminoethyl methacrylate, 2-methoxyethyl acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate or benzyl methacrylate.
- Preferred monovinylarenes are styrene or ⁇ -methylstyrene optionally substituted on the aromatic ring with an alkyl group such as methyl, ethyl or tertiary butyl or with a halo gene such as chlorostyrene.
- the butadiene When substituted, the butadiene is preferably substituted with one or more alkyl groups containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms or with one or more halogens, most preferably substituted with one or more methyl groups and / or one or more chlorine atoms.
- Preferred butadienes are 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, chlorobutadiene or 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene.
- the rubbery vinyl polymer may contain one or more (co) polymerized acrylates, methacrylates, monovinylarenes and / or optionally substituted butadienes. These monomers may be copolymerized with one or more other copolymerizable vinyl polymers such as diacetone acrylamide, vinylnaphthalene, 4-vinylbenzyl alcohol, vinyl benzoate, vinyl propionate, vinyl caproate, vinyl chloride, vinyl oleate, dimethyl maleate, maleic anhydride, dimethyl fumarate, vinyl sulfonic acid, vinyl sulfonamide, methyl vinyl sulfonate, N-vinylpyrrolidone, vinylpyridine, divinylbenzene, vinyl acetate, vinyl versatate, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, N-methylmethacrylamide, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, acrylamide or N- (isobutoxymethyl) acrylamide.
- vinyl polymers such as diacetone acrylamide
- One or more of the abovementioned monomers are optionally 0 to 10%, preferably 0 to 5%, of a copolymerizable, polyfunctional crosslinker and / or 0 to 10%, preferably 0 to 5%, of a copolymerizable polyfunctional graft crosslinking agent, implemented based on the total weight of the core. If a crosslinking monomer is used, it is preferably used at a level of from 0.05 to 5%, more preferably from 0.1 to 1%, based on the total weight of the core monomers.
- Crosslinking monomers are well known in the art and generally have a polyethylene-like unsaturation in which the ethylenically unsaturated groups have approximately the same reactivity as divinylbenzene, trivinylbenzene, 1,3- or 1,4-triol acrylates or methacrylates, glycol di- or trimethacrylates or acrylates, such as ethylene glycol dimethacrylate or diacrylate, propylene glycol dimethacrylate or diacrylate, 1,3- or 1,4-butylene glycol dimethacrylate, or, most preferably, 1,3- or ,
- graft-linking monomer is used, it is preferably used at a level of from 0.1 to 5%, more preferably from 0.5 to 2.5%, based on the total weight of the core monomers.
- Graftlinking monomers are well known in the art, and generally they are polyethylenically unsaturated monomers which have sufficiently low reactivity of the unsaturated groups to allow for significant residual unsaturation remaining in the core following its polymerization.
- Preferred graft crosslinking agents are copolymerizable allyl, methallyl or crotyl esters of ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids or dicarboxylic acids, such as allyl methacrylate, allyl acrylate, diallyl maleate and allylacryloxypropionate, most preferably allyl methacrylate.
- the polymeric particles contain a core of rubbery alkyl acrylate polymer wherein the alkyl group has from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, optionally co-polymerized with from 0 to 5% crosslinker and from 0 to 5% graft crosslinker, based on the total weight of the core ,
- the rubbery alkyl acrylate is preferably copolymerized with up to 50% of one or more copolymerizable vinyl monomers, for example those mentioned above.
- Suitable crosslinking and graftlinking monomers are well known to those skilled in the art and are preferably those described in EP-A-0269324.
- the core of the polymeric particles may contain residual oligomeric material used in the polymerization process to swell the polymer particles, however, such oligomeric material has sufficient molecular weight to prevent its diffusion or to prevent it from being generated during processing or the use is extracted.
- the polymeric particles contain one or more coats.
- This one coat or coats are preferably made from a vinyl homo- or copolymer. Suitable monomers for making the sheath (s) are described in US Pat. 4,226,752, column 4, lines 20-46, reference being made to the disclosures herein.
- One or more coats are preferably a polymer of a methacrylate, acrylate, vinylarene, vinylcarboxylate, acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid.
- Preferred acrylates and methacrylates are alkyl acrylates or alkyl methacrylates which preferably contain 1 to 18, more preferably 1 to 8, most preferably 2 to 8 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl or tert-butyl, 2-ethylhexyl or the hexyl, heptyl or octyl groups.
- the alkyl group may be branched or linear.
- the preferred alkyl acrylate is ethyl acrylate.
- Other useful acrylic late and methacrylates are those which have been given above for the core, preferably the 3-hydroxypropyl methacrylate.
- the most preferred alkyl methacrylate is methyl methacrylate.
- Preferred vinylarenes are styrene or ⁇ -methylstyrene optionally substituted on the aromatic ring with an alkyl group such as methyl, ethyl or tert-butyl or with a halogen such as chlorostyrene.
- a preferred vinyl carboxylate is vinyl acetate.
- the sheath (s) preferably contain at least 15%, more preferably at least 25%, most preferably at least 40% of a polymerized methacrylate, acrylate or monovinylarene and 0 to 85%, more preferably 0 to 75%, most preferably 0 to 60% of one or more vinyl comonomers, such as other alkyl methacrylates, aryl methacrylates, alkyl acrylates, aryl acrylates, alkyl and aryl acrylamides, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, maleic imide and / or alkyl and aryl acrylates and methacrylates which have one or more substituents, such as halogen , Alkoxy, alkylthio, cyanoalkyl or amino. Examples of suitable vinyl comonomers are given above. Two or more monomers may be copolymerized.
- the shell polymer may contain a crosslinker and / or a graft crosslinker of the type previously described with reference to the core polymer.
- the shell polymers preferably constitute from 5 to 40%, more preferably from 15 to 35% of the total particle weight.
- the polymeric particles contain at least 15%, preferably from 20 to 80%, more preferably from 25 to 60%, most preferably from 30 to 50% of a polymerized alkyl acrylate or methacrylate, based on the total weight of the polymer.
- Preferred alkyl acrylates and methacrylates are given above.
- the alkyl acrylate or alkyl methacrylate component may be present in the core and / or in the sheath (s) of the polymeric particles.
- the polymeric particles contain a core of a poly (butyl acrylate) and one or more shells of poly (methyl methacrylate). The polymeric particles are useful to impart light scattering properties to the transparent plastic, preferably polycarbonate.
- the refractive index n of the core and the cladding / sheath of the polymeric particles is preferably within +/- 0.25 units, more preferably within +/- 0.18 units, most preferably within +/- 0.12 units of the refractive index - dexes of polycarbonate.
- the refractive index n of the core and the sheath (s) is preferably not closer than +/- 0.003 units, more preferably not closer than +/- 0.01 units, most preferably not closer than +/- 0.05 units in the Refractive index of the polycarbonate.
- the refractive index is measured in accordance with ASTM D 542-50 and / or DIN 53 400. Accordingly, the difference in the refractive index is at the same values when another matrix material is used.
- the polymeric particles generally have an average particle diameter of at least 0.5 microns, preferably at least 2 microns, more preferably from 2 to 50 microns, most preferably from 2 to 15 microns. Preferably, at least 90%, most preferably at least 95% of the polymeric particles have a diameter greater than 2 microns.
- the polymeric particles are a free flowing powder, preferably in compacted form.
- the polymeric particles can be prepared in a known manner. Generally, at least one monomer component of the core polymer is subjected to emulsion polymerization to form emulsion polymer particles. The emulsion polymer particles are swollen with the same or one or more other monomer components of the core polymer, and the monomer (s) are polymerized within the emulsion polymer particles. The steps of swelling and polymerisation can be repeated until the particles have grown to the desired core size. The core polymer particles are suspended in a second aqueous monomer emulsion and a polymer shell of the monomer (s) is polymerized onto the polymer particles in the second emulsion. One or more coats may be polymerized on the core polymer. The preparation of core / shell polymer particles is described in EP-A 0 269 324 and in U.S. Patents 3,793,402 and 3,808,180.
- the brightness values can be further increased by using a small amount of optical brightener.
- An embodiment of the invention therefore represents a plastic composition according to the invention which may additionally contain from 0.001 to 0.2% by weight, preferably about 1000 ppm, of an optical brightener of the class bis-benzoxazoles, phenylcoumarins or bis-styrylbiphenyls.
- an optical brightener of the class bis-benzoxazoles, phenylcoumarins or bis-styrylbiphenyls.
- a particularly preferred optical brightener is Uvitex OB, from Ciba Specialty Chemicals.
- plastic compositions according to the invention can be produced either by injection molding or by extrusion.
- the extrusion process is preferable.
- a polycarbonate granules are fed to the extruder and melted in the plasticizing system of the extruder.
- the plastic melt is pressed through a slot die and thereby deformed, brought in the nip of a smoothing calender in the desired final shape and fixed in shape by mutual cooling on smoothing rollers and the ambient air.
- the polycarbonates used for the extrusion of high melt viscosity are conventionally processed at melt temperatures of 260-320 0 C, corresponding to the cylinder temperatures of the plasticizing cylinder and the die temperatures be adjusted.
- polycarbonate melts of different composition can be superimposed and thus produce multilayer sheets or films (see, for example, EP-A 0 110 221 and EP-A 0 1 10 238).
- Both the base layer and the optional coextrusion layer (s) of the shaped articles according to the invention may additionally contain additives such as, for example, UV absorbers and other customary processing aids, in particular mold release agents and flow agents, as well as the stabilizers customary for polycarbonates, especially heat stabilizers and antistatics, optical brighteners contain.
- additives such as, for example, UV absorbers and other customary processing aids, in particular mold release agents and flow agents, as well as the stabilizers customary for polycarbonates, especially heat stabilizers and antistatics, optical brighteners contain.
- additives such as, for example, UV absorbers and other customary processing aids, in particular mold release agents and flow agents, as well as the stabilizers customary for polycarbonates, especially heat stabilizers and antistatics, optical brighteners contain.
- different additives or concentrations of additives may be present.
- the composition of the solid plate additionally contains 0.01 to 0.5% by weight of a UV absorber of the classes benzotriazole derivatives, dimer benzotriazole derivatives, triazine derivatives, dimer triazine derivatives, diaryl cyanoacrylates.
- a UV absorber of the classes benzotriazole derivatives, dimer benzotriazole derivatives, triazine derivatives, dimer triazine derivatives, diaryl cyanoacrylates.
- the coextrusion layer may contain UV absorbers and mold release agents.
- Suitable stabilizers are, for example, phosphines, phosphites or Si-containing stabilizers and further compounds described in EP-A 0 500 496. Examples which may be mentioned are triphenyl phosphites, diphenylalkyl phosphites, phenyl dialkyl phosphites, tris (nonylphenyl) phosphite, tetrakis (2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) -4,4'-biphenylene diphosphonite, bis (2,4-dicumylphenyl) petaerythritol - called diphosphite and triaryl phosphite. Particularly preferred are triphenylphosphine and tris (2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite.
- Suitable mold release agents are, for example, the esters or partial esters of monohydric to hexahydric alcohols, in particular of glycerol, pentaerythritol or guerbet alcohols.
- Monohydric alcohols are, for example, stearyl alcohol, palmityl alcohol and Guerbet alcohols
- a dihydric alcohol is, for example, glycol
- a tetrahydric alcohol is, for example, glycerol
- tetrahydric alcohols are, for example, pentaerythritol and mesoerythritol
- pentahydric alcohols are, for example, arabitol
- hexahydric alcohols are, for example, mannitol, Glucitol (sorbitol) and Dulcite.
- the esters are preferably the monoesters, diesters, triesters, tetraesters, pentaesters and hexaesters or mixtures thereof, in particular random mixtures, of saturated, aliphatic C] 0 to C 36 monocarboxylic acids and optionally hydroxy monocarboxylic acids, preferably with saturated, aliphatic C ) 4 to C 32 -monocarboxylic acids and optionally hydroxy-monocarboxylic acids.
- the commercially available fatty acid esters in particular of pentaerythritol and of glycerol, may contain ⁇ 60% of different partial esters as a result of the preparation.
- Saturated, aliphatic monocarboxylic acids having 10 to 36 carbon atoms are, for example, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, hydroxystearic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid, lignoceric acid, cerotic acid and montan acids.
- antistatic agents examples include cation-active compounds, for example quaternary ammonium, phosphonium or sulfonium salts, anionic compounds, for example alkyl sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, alkyl phosphates, carboxylates in the form of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts, nonionic compounds, for example polyethylene glycol esters, polyethylene glycol ethers, fatty acid esters ethoxylated fatty amines.
- Preferred antistatic agents are nonionic compounds.
- the machines and apparatus used to produce the coextruded 2 mm solid sheets include:
- the main extruder with a screw of length 33 D and a diameter of 70 mm with degassing
- a coextruder for applying the cover layer with a screw of length 25 D and a diameter of 35 mm
- the polycarbonate granules of the base material were fed to the hopper of the main extruder.
- the plasticizing system cylinder / screw the melting and conveying of the respective material took place.
- the other facilities were used to transport, cut and place the extruded plates.
- Core-shell particles with a butadiene / styrene core and a methyl methacrylate shell Techpolymer XX-03EJ having a particle size of 2 to 15 ⁇ m and an average particle size of 8 ⁇ m in a proportion of 1.2% by weight.
- Thermostabilizer triphenylphosphine in a proportion of 0.1% by weight.
- Core-shell particles with a butadiene / styrene core and a methyl methacrylate shell Paraloid EXL 5137 from Rohm & Haas with a particle size of 2 to 15 ⁇ m and an average particle size of 8 ⁇ m with a content of 1.2% -%.
- Thermostabilizer triphenylphosphine in a proportion of 0.1% by weight.
- the diffuser plates prepared in Examples 1 and 2 were examined by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) for their proportion of nanoscale particles with a size of 80 to 200 nm.
- AFM Atomic Force Microscopy
- the diffuser plate according to the invention contains significantly fewer particles with an average particle size of 80 to 200 nm.
- the luminance measurements were on a backlight unit (BLU) of the company DS LCD, (LTA 170WP, 17 "LCD TV Panel) using a Luminance Meter LS100 from the company Minolta.Here was the standard diffuser plate from the BLU removed and replaced in each case by the 2 mm solid plates produced in Examples 1 to 6.
- Table 2 Optical measurement results
- the content of the scattering pigment is constant.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
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EP06805806A EP1934284A1 (de) | 2005-10-05 | 2006-09-22 | Lichtstreuende kunststoffzusammensetzung mit hoher helligkeit und deren verwendung in flachbildschirmen |
JP2008533894A JP2009510237A (ja) | 2005-10-05 | 2006-09-22 | 高輝度光散乱プラスチック組成物およびそのフラットスクリーンにおける使用 |
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DE102005047615.5 | 2005-10-05 | ||
DE200510047615 DE102005047615A1 (de) | 2005-10-05 | 2005-10-05 | Lichtstreuende Kunststoffzusammensetzung mit hoher Helligkeit und deren Verwendung in Flachbildschirmen |
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PCT/EP2006/009201 WO2007039131A1 (de) | 2005-10-05 | 2006-09-22 | Lichtstreuende kunststoffzusammensetzung mit hoher helligkeit und deren verwendung in flachbildschirmen |
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US (1) | US20070077414A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1934284A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2009510237A (de) |
KR (1) | KR20080068044A (de) |
CN (1) | CN101321830A (de) |
DE (1) | DE102005047615A1 (de) |
RU (1) | RU2008116826A (de) |
TW (1) | TW200728393A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2007039131A1 (de) |
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EP2133203A1 (de) | 2008-06-11 | 2009-12-16 | Bayer MaterialScience AG | Mehrschichtige optische Folienaufbauten mit verbesserten Eigenschaften und deren Verwendung |
EP2293140A1 (de) | 2009-08-01 | 2011-03-09 | Bayer MaterialScience AG | Mehrschichtige Beleuchtungseinheit mit verbesserten Eigenschaften und deren Verwendung |
CN102295833A (zh) * | 2011-06-14 | 2011-12-28 | 柯瑞林 | 一种纳米光学复合材料及其制备方法和应用 |
WO2013045549A1 (de) | 2011-09-28 | 2013-04-04 | Bayer Materialscience Gmbh | Verwendung einer lichtstreuenden polycarbonat-platte als leuchtenabdeckung |
EP2592209A1 (de) | 2011-11-11 | 2013-05-15 | Bayer MaterialScience AG | Vakuumisolierplatte |
WO2013167542A1 (de) | 2012-05-08 | 2013-11-14 | Bayer Materialscience Gmbh | Lichtführungspiatte |
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DE102005047614A1 (de) * | 2005-10-05 | 2007-04-12 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Licht streuende Kunststoffzusammensetzung mit hoher Helligkeit und deren Verwendung in Flachbildschirmen |
DE102006014118A1 (de) * | 2006-03-24 | 2007-09-27 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Formkörper mit hoher Lichtstreuung und hoher Lichttransmission zur Verwendung als Diffuser-Sheet in Flachbildschirmen |
CN102270619B (zh) | 2010-06-04 | 2014-03-19 | 马维尔国际贸易有限公司 | 用于电子封装组件的焊盘配置 |
US8691915B2 (en) | 2012-04-23 | 2014-04-08 | Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. | Copolymers and polymer blends having improved refractive indices |
CN103226213B (zh) * | 2013-05-02 | 2015-06-10 | 江苏裕兴薄膜科技股份有限公司 | 含聚合物微球的聚酯反射膜及其制备方法 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE102005047615A1 (de) | 2007-04-12 |
US20070077414A1 (en) | 2007-04-05 |
CN101321830A (zh) | 2008-12-10 |
TW200728393A (en) | 2007-08-01 |
RU2008116826A (ru) | 2009-11-10 |
EP1934284A1 (de) | 2008-06-25 |
JP2009510237A (ja) | 2009-03-12 |
KR20080068044A (ko) | 2008-07-22 |
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