WO2007074939A1 - 蓄電用炭素材料用およびニードルコークス用原料炭 - Google Patents
蓄電用炭素材料用およびニードルコークス用原料炭 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007074939A1 WO2007074939A1 PCT/JP2006/326373 JP2006326373W WO2007074939A1 WO 2007074939 A1 WO2007074939 A1 WO 2007074939A1 JP 2006326373 W JP2006326373 W JP 2006326373W WO 2007074939 A1 WO2007074939 A1 WO 2007074939A1
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- Prior art keywords
- oil
- mass
- less
- coal
- raw
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 239000011331 needle coke Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 title description 8
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 title description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 146
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 122
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims description 67
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 60
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000004231 fluid catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004517 catalytic hydrocracking Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011275 tar sand Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003079 shale oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 abstract description 38
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 47
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 39
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 description 38
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 37
- 230000001007 puffing effect Effects 0.000 description 21
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000011329 calcined coke Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 13
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- -1 orinocotal Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004523 catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011280 coal tar Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 5
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910003296 Ni-Mo Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011305 binder pitch Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 3
- DDTIGTPWGISMKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Mo] DDTIGTPWGISMKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005087 graphitization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-azaniumyl-2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound NCC(O)C(O)=O BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CMJLMPKFQPJDKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylthiolane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound CC1CCS(=O)(=O)C1 CMJLMPKFQPJDKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910016523 CuKa Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000234435 Lilium Species 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001860 alkaline earth metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011260 aqueous acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ba+2] RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001863 barium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006037 cross link polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940071870 hydroiodic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001410 inorganic ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002611 lead compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005504 petroleum refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004714 phosphonium salts Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011085 pressure filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011863 silicon-based powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011973 solid acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003463 sulfur Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- ILJSQTXMGCGYMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacetic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(=O)CC(O)=O ILJSQTXMGCGYMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/306—Active carbon with molecular sieve properties
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
- H01G11/44—Raw materials therefor, e.g. resins or coal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/318—Preparation characterised by the starting materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/342—Preparation characterised by non-gaseous activating agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
- C10B57/04—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general using charges of special composition
- C10B57/045—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general using charges of special composition containing mineral oils, bitumen, tar or the like or mixtures thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
- H01G11/34—Carbon-based characterised by carbonisation or activation of carbon
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a raw material carbon for power storage carbon material and needle coke.
- the present invention relates to a raw coal that provides activated carbon that can easily remove residual alkali metal as activated carbon for an electric double layer capacitor electrode.
- the present invention also relates to coking coal that is also suitable for use with 21 dollar coke.
- a carbon material is subjected to a gas activation treatment or a chemical activation treatment, for example, an alkali activation treatment using an alkali metal hydroxide as an activation aid, and then an alkali treatment from an activation treatment product.
- a gas activation treatment or a chemical activation treatment for example, an alkali activation treatment using an alkali metal hydroxide as an activation aid, and then an alkali treatment from an activation treatment product.
- strong acids such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, and sulfuric acid.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2 0 0 5-1 2 3 4 6 2
- the Al strength metal is reduced to a certain level by repeated washing with water and pickling. Even if it can be removed, further removal is difficult. Therefore, use carbon material after alkali activation.
- the electric double layer capacitor has an excellent initial capacitor capacity, there is a problem of deterioration over time, that is, when the capacitor is used for a long time, the capacitor capacity is greatly reduced.
- the washing operation is as simple as possible, that is, it is desirable in terms of cost to have as few washings as possible.
- Patent Document 2 International Publication No.
- an easily graphitized carbonaceous material was subjected to alkaline activation treatment, and the resulting activation treatment product was subjected to hot water, carbonated water, hot hydrochloric acid, ammonia water.
- activated charcoal is obtained by washing in order of hot hydrochloric acid and hot water, the development of activated carbon having a structure in which residual alkali metals can be easily removed is strongly desired because the washing operation is complicated. It was.
- needle coke used for the aggregate of graphite electrodes for electric steelmaking is generally produced from petroleum heavy oil or coal tar.
- a graphite electrode first, coke grains and a binder pitch are blended in a predetermined ratio, heated and mixed, and then extruded to produce a raw electrode.
- the raw electrode is fired, graphitized, and then processed to obtain a graphite electrode product.
- C T E coefficient of thermal expansion
- the above graphitization is a process of heat treatment at about 300 ° C., and a method using a direct current type furnace (L WG furnace) is common, but graphitization is performed using an L WG furnace.
- L WG furnace direct current type furnace
- the rate of temperature rise is fast, so the rate of gas generation increases, and an abnormal expansion phenomenon called puffing tends to occur.
- puffing occurs, the electrode is reduced in density and, in some cases, the electrode is damaged.
- Patent Document 4 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-1634831
- coal tar heavy oil and petroleum heavy oil are mixed with a nitrogen content of 1.0 wt% or less and a sulfur content of 1.4 wt%. % To adjust the feedstock to a ratio in the range of less than or equal to%.
- Patent Document 5 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-2032 62 discloses that when pyrolyzing coal to produce coal tar, the pyrolysis temperature in the reactor is 7500 ° C or higher.
- a method is disclosed in which a liquid product is obtained by keeping the thermal decomposition product in the reactor for 5 seconds or less, and carbonizing the liquid product or pitch contained therein.
- Patent Document 6 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No.
- a petroleum heavy oil alone or a coal tar heavy oil from which quinoline insolubles have been previously removed is mixed with the petroleum heavy oil.
- the particle content such as ash as heavy petroleum oil is adjusted in the range of 0.05 wt% to 1 wt% in advance. A method of using this is disclosed.
- the inventors of the present invention enable activated carbon obtained by alkali activation of raw coal having a specific structure to easily enter and exit the cleaning solution during cleaning, and as a result, reduce the residual content of activated carbon in the activated carbon. Also, it was found that the washing operation can be simplified.
- needle coke obtained by further calcining such raw coal has a sufficiently small thermal expansion coefficient and sufficiently suppresses puffing.
- “coking coal” refers to a carbide used as a raw material for activated carbon or needle coatus obtained by coking a raw oil such as heavy oil or residual oil. That is, according to the present invention, the ratio of the crystallite size and the lattice constant of graphitized material when graphitized at a temperature of 2800 ° C. in an inert gas atmosphere is 3 60 or less on the 0 0 2 plane.
- the present invention relates to a raw coal having a structure with 1 1 0 plane being 1 5 0 0 or less.
- the present invention also provides an initial distillation obtained by hydrodesulfurization of a heavy oil having a sulfur content of 2% by mass or more under conditions of a total pressure of 16 MPa or more so that the hydrocracking rate is 30% or less.
- the present invention relates to a raw material oil composition for producing the above-mentioned raw coal, characterized by containing a second heavy oil of 0 or less.
- the present invention also relates to a method for producing the raw coal, wherein the raw oil composition is coked at 3 00 to 80 0 K Pa, 4 00 to 60 0 C.
- the present invention provides an activated carbon obtained by activating the above raw coal or a raw material heat treated with carbon at 55 ° C. to 90 ° C. under normal pressure with an alkali metal hydroxide. About.
- the present invention also relates to an electric double layer capacitor using the activated carbon as an electrode material.
- the present invention relates to a two-dollar coke obtained by calcining the raw coal at 800 to 160 ° C.
- the activated carbon obtained by alkali activation of the raw coal of the present invention is easy for the cleaning liquid to enter and exit, and as a result, the amount of residual alkali metal is reduced even in the same cleaning operation, so the cycle of the electric double layer capacitor using it as an electrode material Improved characteristics.
- activated carbon can be manufactured at a lower cost, and its industrial value is extremely high.
- needle coke obtained by further calcination of the raw coal of the present invention has a sufficiently small coefficient of thermal expansion and sufficiently suppresses puffing.
- the raw coal of the present invention has a ratio of the crystallite size and the lattice constant of graphitized material when graphitized at a temperature of 2800 ° C. in an inert gas atmosphere at 3 0 0 0 or less on the 0 0 2 plane.
- 1 1 0 plane gives a structure of 1 5 0 0 or less. If the ratio of the crystallite size to the lattice constant on the 0 0 2 plane exceeds 36 60, or the ratio of the crystallite size to the lattice constant on the 1 1 0 plane exceeds 15500, Of the edge surface in the crystallites of charcoal The ratio is considered to be small. For this reason, the cleaning solution after the activation treatment cannot enter the crystallites through the edge surface, and the cleaning effect is reduced, so the amount of residual potassium in the activated carbon increases, which is not preferable.
- interlayer distance of microcrystalline carbon d. 02 (lattice constant) and crystallite size L c Q of microcrystalline carbon. 2 is obtained by the X-ray diffraction method according to the “Method for measuring lattice constant and crystallite size of artificial black lead” established by the 1st 17th Committee of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.
- sample powder (coking carbon of raw carbon at 2800 ° C) is filled in the sample holder, and an X-ray diffraction pattern is obtained using CuKa line monochromatized by a graph-eye monochromator.
- the peak position of this diffraction pattern is obtained by the centroid method (the method of obtaining the centroid position of the diffraction line and the peak position using the corresponding 20 value), and the (1 1 1) of the high-purity silicon powder for standard substances. Correction is performed using the diffraction peak of the surface.
- 111 The wavelength of the wire is 0.154 18 nm, and the interlayer distance d of the microcrystalline carbon according to the Bragg formula expressed by the following formula (1). . Calculate 2 .
- graphite structure formation in the sample can be confirmed, for example, by the fact that 2 ⁇ has a clear peak around 25 ° in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern of the sample.
- graphite has a structure in which a plurality of layers having a so-called benzene ring-like planar network structure are laminated, and C Q in powder X-ray diffraction measurement.
- the half width (i3) is measured from the diffraction line pattern, and the size of the crystallite is obtained by the following equation (2).
- the heat-treated coking coal of the present invention at 2800 ° C is characterized by the fact that it is very close to the structure of graphite when comparing X-ray diffraction patterns.
- the raw material oil and the production method thereof are not particularly limited as long as the raw coal satisfying the above conditions can be obtained.
- the raw material oil is preferably a hydrodesulfurized oil obtained by a petroleum refining process, a fluid A feedstock composition in which at least two feedstocks selected from catalytic cracking residual oil and vacuum distillation residue oil are blended is preferred.
- a raw material oil composition of the present invention in particular, a sulfur content of 2 mass 0/0 or more heavy oil to heavy oil having a specific property obtained by hydrodesulfurization (hereinafter, first of heavy oil. ) And a heavy oil having a specific property obtained by fluid catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon oil (hereinafter referred to as second heavy oil).
- the first heavy oil according to the present invention is a hydrodesulfurization method in which a heavy oil having a sulfur content of 2% by mass or more is hydrodesulfurized so that the hydrocracking rate is 30% or less under a total pressure of 16 MPa or more. It is a heavy oil with an initial boiling point of 200 ° C or higher.
- the sulfur content of the heavy oil used as the first heavy oil feedstock is 2% by mass or more, preferably 2.5% by mass or more, and more preferably 3% by mass. Or more.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5% by mass or less, more preferably 4% by mass or less.
- the heavy oil used as the first heavy oil feedstock is not particularly limited as long as the sulfur content satisfies the above conditions.
- crude oil, atmospheric distillation residue obtained by distillation of crude oil, or Examples include vacuum distillation residual oil, visbreaking oil, tar sand oil, tierre oil, and mixed oils thereof.
- atmospheric distillation residue and vacuum distillation residue are preferably used.
- the hydrodesulfurization for obtaining the first heavy oil is performed under conditions of a total pressure of 16 MPa or more, preferably 17 MPa or more, more preferably 18 MPa or more.
- a total pressure of 16 MPa or more, preferably 17 MPa or more, more preferably 18 MPa or more.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, but is preferably 25 MPa or less, more preferably 22 MPa or less.
- the conditions other than the total pressure in hydrodesulfurization are not particularly limited as long as the hydrocracking rate is 30% or less, but it is preferable to set various conditions as follows. That is, the hydrodesulfurization temperature is preferably 300 to 500 ° C, more preferably 350 to 450 ° C, and the hydrogen oil ratio is preferably 400 to 3000 NLZL, more preferably 500 to 500 ° C. 1 80 ONL / L, the hydrogen partial pressure is preferably 7 to 20 MPa, more preferably 8 to 17 MPa, and the liquid hourly space velocity (LH SV) is preferably from 0.:! To 3 h preferably 0. 1 5 ⁇ 1. O h rather more preferably is 0. 1 5 ⁇ 0. 75 h 1.
- examples of the catalyst used for hydrodesulfurization include Ni-Mo catalyst, Co-Mo catalyst, or a combination of both, and these are commercially available products. Also good.
- hydrodesulfurized oils obtained by the above hydrodesulfurization heavy and poor oils having an initial boiling point of 200 ° C. or higher, preferably 25 ° C. or higher are used as the first heavy oil.
- the upper limit of the initial boiling point is not particularly limited, but is preferably 45 ° C. or lower, more preferably 400 ° C. or lower.
- the sulfur content of the first heavy oil is preferably 0.5% by mass or less, and more preferably 0.4% by mass. / 0 or less, more preferably 0.35% by mass or less, particularly preferably 0.3% by mass. / 0 or less, most preferably 0.25% by mass or less. If the sulfur content of the first heavy oil exceeds 0.5% by mass, it tends to induce early coking. As a result, the resulting coking coal has a structure with low crystallinity, and the coking coal is activated with alkali. The remaining alkali metal in the activated carbon thus obtained is not preferable, and the two-dollar coke obtained by calcining the raw coal is not preferable because puffing tends to occur.
- the asphaltene content of the first childhood oil is preferably 5% by mass or less, more preferably 4% by mass or less, and further preferably 3% by mass or less. If the first heavy oil has more than 5% by weight, early coking is promoted. As a result, the resulting raw coal has a structure with low crystallinity, and the activated carbon obtained by alkali activation of the raw coal This is not preferable because the residual alkali metal increases, and the thermal expansion coefficient of the needle coat obtained by calcination of the raw coal tends to increase.
- the saturated content of the first heavy oil is preferably 60% by mass or more, more preferably 65% by mass or more, and further preferably 70% by mass or more.
- the upper limit is preferably 85 mass. / 0 or less, more preferably 80% by mass or less. If the saturated content of the first heavy oil is less than 60% by mass, the orientation of the mesophase is deteriorated and the raw coal has a structure with low crystallinity, which is not preferable.
- the density of the first heavy oil at 15 ° C. is preferably 0.85 to 0.89 g Z cm 3 .
- the second heavy oil according to the present invention is a heavy oil having an initial boiling point of 150 ° C or higher and a sulfur content of 0.5% by mass or lower obtained by fluid catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon oil.
- fluid catalytic cracking means a process of cracking a high-boiling fraction using a solid acid catalyst or the like.
- the fluid catalytic cracking apparatus used for such treatment is also called an F CC (Fluidized Catalytic Cracking) apparatus.
- the hydrocarbon oil that is the feedstock of the second heavy oil is not particularly limited as long as it can obtain a heavy oil whose initial boiling point and sulfur content satisfy the above conditions by fluid catalytic cracking.
- a hydrocarbon oil having a density at 15 ° C. of 0.8 gZcm 3 or more is preferred.
- Such hydrocarbon oils include straight-run gas oil, vacuum gas oil, desulfurized gas oil, desulfurized vacuum gas oil, atmospheric distillation residual oil, vacuum distillation residual oil, shale oil, tar sand bitumen, orinocotal, coal liquefied oil, these And those obtained by hydrorefining and mixtures thereof.
- vacuum gas oil and desulfurized vacuum gas oil are particularly preferably used.
- the conditions for fluid catalytic cracking are not particularly limited as long as it is possible to obtain a heavy oil whose initial boiling point and sulfur content satisfy the above conditions.
- the reaction temperature is 480 to 550 ° C
- contact time is preferably 1 to 10 seconds.
- Examples of the catalyst used for fluid catalytic cracking include silica'alumina catalyst, zeolite catalyst, and those in which a metal such as platinum is supported on these catalysts. A commercial item may be used for these catalysts.
- the initial boiling point of the second heavy oil obtained in this way needs to be 150 ° C or higher, preferably 200 ° C or higher, more preferably 220 ° C or higher. If the initial boiling point is less than 150 ° C, the yield of raw coal decreases, and the resulting raw coal has an amorphous structure, which remains in the activated carbon obtained by alkali activation of the raw coal. This is not preferable because the amount of alkali metal increases, and the coefficient of thermal expansion of needle coat obtained by calcination of the raw coal is not preferable.
- the upper limit of the first boiling point is 35
- It is preferably 0 ° C or lower, more preferably 300 ° C or lower.
- the sulfur content of the second heavy oil must be 0.5% by mass or less, preferably 0.4% by mass or less, more preferably 0.3% by mass or less. Sulfur content If it exceeds 0.5 mass%, it tends to induce early coking, and the resulting raw coal has a coke structure with poor crystallinity, and the amount of residual alkali metal in the active coal obtained by alkali activation of the raw coal This is not preferable because the puffing of the needle coat obtained by calcining the raw coal cannot be sufficiently suppressed.
- the nitrogen content of the second heavy oil is not particularly limited, but is 0.2 mass. Preferably N or less, more preferably 0. 1-5% by weight or less, still more preferably 0. 1 mass 0/0 or less.
- the nitrogen content is greater than 0 .. 2 mass 0/0, it is impossible to sufficiently suppress the package Fuingu needle Kotasu.
- the raw material oil composition of the present invention is preferably obtained by mixing the first heavy oil and the second heavy oil described above.
- the raw material oil composition of the present invention may further contain a vacuum distillation residue oil in addition to the first heavy oil and the second heavy oil.
- the above-mentioned vacuum distillation residue oil has an initial boiling point of 300 ° C. or higher and a petroleum content of 12 mass obtained as a residual oil when petroleums are distilled under reduced pressure. / 0 or less, saturated component 5 0 wt% or more, preferably sulfur 0. 3% by weight or less of the heavy oil.
- these petroleums include crude oil, vacuum distillation residue obtained by distillation of crude oil, and mixed oils thereof.
- the treatment conditions when the above petroleums are distilled under reduced pressure are not particularly limited as long as the boiling point of the obtained vacuum distillation residue oil, asphaltene content, and saturated sulfur and sulfur content satisfy the above conditions, but the pressure is 30 k. P a or less is preferred, and the temperature is preferably 400 ° C. or more.
- the mixing ratio of the first heavy oil and the second heavy oil is as follows.
- the first heavy oil in the resulting feed oil composition The content is preferably 5% by mass or more, more preferably 10% by mass, further preferably 15% by mass or more, preferably 95% by mass or less, and more preferably 90% by mass. / 0 or less, more preferably 85% by mass or less.
- the mixing ratio of the first heavy oil and the second heavy oil is 1 to 50% by mass of the first heavy oil. Preferably, 5 to 50 mass. / More preferably 0, 1 5-5 0 wt. /. It is even more preferable.
- the content of the vacuum distillation residue oil is preferably 10% by mass or more, more preferably 20 mass 0 / It is blended so that it is 0 or more, more preferably 30% by mass or more, preferably 70% by mass or less, more preferably 60% by mass or less, and still more preferably 50% by mass or less.
- the first heavy oil and the second heavy oil are blended so that each is 10 mass% or more.
- the raw material oil composition of the present invention is subjected to coking (carbonization) treatment.
- Examples of the method for coking the feedstock composition include the delayed coking method, the visbreaking method, the flexi coking method, the lily force process, and H—O i 1.
- the delayed coking method is particularly preferable.
- the feedstock composition is put into a delayed co-worker and heat-treated under pressure.
- the pressure of the delay coil is preferably 300 to 800 kPa.
- the temperature is preferably 400 to 600 ° C, more preferably 450 to 550 ° C, and the time is preferably 24 to 72 hours, more preferably 36 to 60 hours.
- the coking coal of the present invention is graphitized at a temperature of 2800 ° C in an inert gas atmosphere, the ratio of the crystallite size and the lattice constant of the graphitized material is 360 or less on the 002 plane, more preferably 350 It has a structure in which 1 10 surfaces are 1500 or less, more preferably 1300 or less.
- the sulfur content of the raw coal of the present invention is usually 0.3% by mass or less, and the bulk specific gravity is usually 0.55 or more.
- the raw coal of the present invention preferably has a true specific gravity of not less than 2.23, more preferably not less than 2.24 when graphitized at 2800 ° C. in an inert gas atmosphere. is there. If the true specific gravity is less than 2.23, the crystallites are randomly arranged, and the edge surfaces are closed by the crystallite surfaces of each other.
- the first heavy oil alone or a mixed oil of the first heavy oil and the second heavy oil is present in the raw coal when heat-treated at 500 ° C.
- the proportion of mosaic structures below 10 / m is as small as 2% or less, preferably 1% or less.
- the small proportion of mosaic structure of 10 m or less in the raw coal means that the liquid crystal growth state called mesophase is good.
- Mesophase is an intermediate product produced by thermal decomposition and polycondensation accompanying heat treatment of raw material oil, and a series of aromatic rings developed along the same plane.
- the method for measuring the mosaic structure in coking coal is as described in “Basics of Carbonization Engineering”, Yuzo Sanada, Sugirou Otani (Ohm) 1 47.
- the raw coal obtained by the caulking process can be converted to activated carbon by subsequently performing an Al force activation process.
- the raw coal is heat-treated at 55 ° C to 900 ° C, preferably 60 ° C to 85 ° C, under an inert atmosphere and normal pressure, and then the alkali activation treatment. It is also preferably adopted.
- the activated carbon thus obtained is used as an electrode material for an electric double layer capacitor.
- the raw material coal or the raw material for heat treatment of raw material coal is mixed with the metal hydroxide in a nitrogen gas or an inert gas atmosphere.
- a method of heating at 0 ° C. can be mentioned.
- the metal hydroxide include alkali metal hydroxides such as potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and lithium hydroxide, and alkaline earth metal hydroxides such as magnesium hydroxide and barium hydroxide. Can be mentioned. Also, not only one of these, but two or more Can also be used in combination. Of these, potassium hydroxide is particularly preferable because it can efficiently form micropores.
- the use amount of the raw coal or the raw material for heat treatment of the raw material charcoal and the metal hydroxide can be 1 to 0.5 to 10 in terms of the mass ratio of the raw material charcoal or the raw material for heat treatment of the raw material charcoal / metal hydroxide. Preferably, it is 1/1 / 1-15.
- the mass ratio of the raw coal or the raw material heat treated carbon / metal hydroxide By setting the mass ratio of the raw coal or the raw material heat treated carbon / metal hydroxide to 10.5 or less, it is possible to sufficiently form micropores in the activated carbon, and to obtain activated carbon having a sufficient surface area. .
- the mass ratio of raw coal or heat-treated raw metal no-metal hydroxide is set to 110 or more, the activation reaction can be efficiently performed without lowering the bulk density.
- water or the like may coexist in addition to the raw coal or the raw material of the raw coal and the metal hydroxide.
- the activation temperature can be, for example, in the range of 5 00 to 1 2 200 ° C, preferably 6 0 to 1 0 0 0 ° C. , More preferably, the range of 600 to 80 ° C. can be mentioned.
- the activation treatment time can be appropriately selected in relation to conditions such as temperature, and can include 3 to 6 hours, for example.
- inert gas at the time of activation examples include inert gas and nitrogen gas.
- nitrogen gas examples of the inert gas at the time of activation.
- the cleaning of the activated material is a cleaning in which the activated material is washed with a cleaning liquid to perform solid-liquid separation.
- the activated material is immersed in the cleaning liquid, mixed with the cleaning liquid by stirring and heating as necessary, and then the cleaning liquid is removed.
- the method of doing can be mentioned.
- water and an acid water solution are preferably used.
- water cleaning, acid water cleaning, and water cleaning may be used in appropriate combination.
- the acid aqueous solution include hydrohalic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydroiodic acid, and hydrobromic acid, and inorganic acids such as sulfuric acid and carbonic acid.
- the concentration of the aqueous acid solution include 0.0 :! to 3N.
- the activated carbon obtained by alkali activation of the raw coal or the raw material heat treated carbon of the present invention is characterized in that the residual alkali metal is reduced when washed by the same washing operation as compared with the conventional activated carbon.
- the reason why the residual alkali metal is reduced is that the raw coal and the raw material heat-treated with the coal according to the present invention have a crystal structure in which the metal hydroxide of the activator can easily enter and escape, and The activated carbon is thought to be due to the crystal structure that makes it easy for the cleaning solution to enter and exit.
- the activated carbon according to the present invention when used as an electrode of an electric double layer capacitor, electrolyte ions can easily enter and exit during charging and discharging, and the capacitance retention rate in the cycle characteristic test is improved. .
- the electric double layer capacitor of the present invention uses activated carbon obtained from the raw coal of the present invention or the heat-treated raw material of coal as an electrode material.
- the electrode of the electric double layer capacitor of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it contains the above activated carbon, but may contain a binder, a conductive agent, etc., and is integrated with the current collector. It's possible to make it.
- binder known ones can be used. Specifically, for polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, and fluoroolefin fin ether ether. Fluorinated polymers such as polymer cross-linked polymers, celluloses such as carboxymethyl cellulose, vinyl polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyvinyl alcohol, and polyacrylic acid. Specifically, the content of the binder in the electrode material may be 0.1 to 30% by mass.
- the conductive agent include powders such as carbon black, acetylene black, and powder graphite.
- the content of the conductive agent in the electrode material is preferably in the range of 1 to 50% by mass, more preferably 2 to 30% by mass.
- a method of adding the activated carbon, the binder, and the conductive agent to a solvent that dissolves the binder and applying the slurry as a slurry to a sheet-like current collector Knead the above activated carbon, binder, and conductive agent without using a solvent.
- a method of pressure forming under heating can include a method of pressure forming under heating.
- the current collector known materials and shapes can be used, and specific examples include metals such as aluminum, titanium, tantalum and nickel, and alloys such as stainless steel.
- the electric double layer capacitor of the present invention can be produced as a unit cell in which a pair is provided with the above electrodes as a positive electrode and a negative electrode, facing each other via a separator, and immersed in an electrolytic solution.
- a separator unemployed cloth such as polypropylene fiber and glass fiber, and cellulose paper can be used.
- an aqueous electrolytic solution or a nonaqueous electrolytic solution can be used, but it is preferable to use a nonaqueous electrolytic solution.
- non-aqueous electrolytes include those in which an electrolyte is dissolved in an organic solvent.
- the solvent include propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, ⁇ _petitolactone, and sulfolane.
- Sulfolane derivatives such as 3-methylsulfolane, 1,2-dimethoxetane, etc., dimethoxetane, acetonitrile, glutaronitol, valeronitryl, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran, methyl formate, dimethyl carbonate, Examples thereof include jetyl carbonate and ethylmethyl carbonate, and these can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Examples of the electrolyte of the electrolytic solution include inorganic ion salts such as alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts, quaternary ammonium salts, cyclic quaternary ammonium salts, and quaternary phosphonium salts.
- the electrolyte concentration in the electrolytic solution can be 0.1 to 5 mol / L, and preferably 0.5 to 5 mol ZL.
- a coin in which a pair of electrodes having a thickness of 50 to 500 ⁇ having a thickness of 50 to 500 ⁇ is stored in a metal case via a separator.
- Examples thereof include a winding type in which a pair of electrodes are wound through a separator, and a stacked type in which a pair of electrodes provided through a separator are provided in multiple layers.
- the activated carbon was used as an electrode material. Therefore, it improves cycle characteristics, shows excellent durability, and excellent capacity retention.
- the above-described raw coal of the present invention can be made into needle coatus by further calcination in a rotary key / lens, a shaft furnace or the like.
- the temperature at the time of calcination is preferably from 800 to: 600 ° C., more preferably from 100 to 150 ° C.
- the calcination time is usually 1 to 10 hours, preferably 2 to 6 hours.
- the needle coke of the present invention preferably has a sulfur content of 0.5% by mass or less, a nitrogen content of 0.1% by mass or less, and a bulk specific gravity of 0.82 or more.
- the needle coke of the present invention has a coefficient of thermal expansion that is sufficiently small and puffing is sufficiently suppressed.
- the use of a puffing inhibitor has been conventionally known.
- the puffing inhibitor becomes an impurity to improve the quality of the electrode (especially thermal expansion coefficient, density, etc.). May have adverse effects.
- the needle coke of the present invention is very useful in that puffing can be sufficiently suppressed without using a puffing inhibitor, and further, the thermal expansion coefficient of the needle coat can be sufficiently reduced. .
- the needle coke of the present invention is suitably used as an aggregate of a graphite electrode for electric steelmaking.
- a raw material obtained by adding an appropriate amount of a binder pitch to the two-dollar coke of the present invention is heated and then extruded to obtain a raw electrode. Then, this raw electrode is fired and graphitized, and then processed.
- sulfur content means a value measured in accordance with JIS K 2 5 4 1 in the case of oil, and a value measured in accordance with J I S M 8 8 1 3 in the case of Cortas.
- Nonrogen means the value measured according to JIS K 2 60 9 for oil and the value measured according to J I S M 8 8 13 for cotas.
- saturated and “fasuart” mean values measured using a thin-layer chromatograph.
- the raw coal of the present invention is used for producing activated carbon for an electric double layer capacitor electrode, Also suitable for needle coke production
- Hydrodesulfurization conditions were: total pressure '22MPa, hydrogen partial pressure 20MPa, temperature 380 ° C, hydrogen oil ratio 59 ONL / L, liquid the space velocity (LHS V) was 0. 1 7 h 1.
- Fluidized catalytic cracking residual oil (hereinafter referred to as “fluid catalytic cracking residual oil AJ”) was obtained with a ratio of 7 and a contact time of 3 seconds.
- hydrodesulfurized oil A and fluid catalytic cracking residual oil A were mixed at a mass ratio of 5: 5 to obtain a raw material oil composition A.
- the coke (coking coal A) was obtained by coking the raw material oil composition A under nitrogen, 400 kPa, and 500 ° C. for 40 hours.
- This coking coal A was heat-treated at 2800 ° C under nitrogen to obtain a graphitized product.
- Table 1 shows the X-ray diffraction measurement results (Gakushin Method 1 1 7 Committee) of this graphitized material.
- the activated carbon (0.8 g) obtained above, ketchin black (0.1 g), and polytetrafluoroethylene (0.1 g) were mixed in a mortar. This mixture was sandwiched between two 0.1 mm thick triacetate films, and rolled 20 times between nip rolls having a width of 160 mm, a distance between upper and lower rolls of 0.7 mm, and a pressure of 23.0 MPa. Two rounds with a diameter of 16 mm were punched out from the rolled sheet to form carbon electrodes. The carbon electrode was dried in a vacuum dryer for 2 hours. '
- Table 2 shows the capacitance and cycle characteristics (capacitance retention after 1 000 charge / discharge cycles) of the electric double layer capacitor cell thus fabricated.
- Atmospheric distillation residue with a sulfur content of 3.0% by mass was distilled under reduced pressure at a furnace outlet temperature of 360 ° C and a pressure of 1.3 k Pa, and the first boiling point was 4 1 0 ° C, with a wasarte content of 8
- a vacuum distillation residue oil A having a mass% of 50% by mass, a sulfur content of 0.1% by mass and a nitrogen content of 0.3% by mass was obtained.
- Example 1 the composition of the hydrodesulfurized oil A and fluid catalytic cracking residual oil A of Example 1 was mixed so that the above-mentioned vacuum distillation residue oil A was 30% by mass to obtain a raw material oil composition B.
- the coke (coking coal B) was obtained by coking the raw material oil composition B under nitrogen, 400 kPa, and 500 ° C. for 40 hours.
- This coking coal B was heat-treated at 2800 ° C under nitrogen to obtain a graphitized product.
- X-ray diffraction measurement result of this graphitized material (Gakushin method 1 1 7 Table 1 shows the committee.
- Example 2 An activation reaction and a capacitor were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that coking coal B was used instead of coking coal A.
- Table 2 shows the specific surface area of activated carbon, the amount of residual potassium and true specific gravity, and the capacitance and cycle characteristics of the capacitor cell (capacitance retention after repeated charging and discharging 100 times). Comparative Example 1>
- Example 1 The fluid catalytic cracking residual oil A used in Example 1 was subjected to a coking process under nitrogen, 40000 kPa, and 500 ° C. for 40 hours to obtain a coatus. Subsequently, this coatus was heat-treated at 2800 ° C. under nitrogen. Table 1 shows the results of X-ray diffraction measurement of this heat-treated product (Gakushin Method 1 1 7 Committee). Further, the specific surface area of the activated carbon obtained by alkali-activating the coke under the conditions of Example 1, the residual potassium amount and the true specific gravity, and the capacitance and cycle characteristics of the capacitor cell (repeated charge and discharge 100 times) Table 2 shows the subsequent capacitance retention.
- Example 2 The vacuum distillation residue oil A used in Example 2 was subjected to a caulking process under nitrogen, 40000 kPa, and 50000 ° C. for 40 hours to obtain a coat. The coke was then heat treated at 2800 ° C. under nitrogen. Table 1 shows the X-ray diffraction measurement results (Gakushin Method 1 17 Committee) of this heat-treated product. In addition, the specific surface area of the activated carbon obtained by alkali activation of the coke under the conditions of Example 1, the residual potassium amount and the true specific gravity, the electrostatic capacity and the cycle characteristics of the capacitor cell (charging and discharging were repeated 100 times) Table 2 shows the subsequent capacitance retention.
- the ratio of the crystallite size to the lattice constant in the 0 0 2 plane and the 1 1 0 plane of the 2800 ° C. heat treatment is 3 60 or less on the 0 0 2 plane, 1 1 0 plane
- the activated carbon obtained by activation with KOH is small, the amount of power rim remaining in the activated carbon is small, and the cycle of the electric double layer capacitor obtained using such activated carbon is low. It is clear that the characteristics, that is, the retention rate of the capacitance after repeating charge and discharge 100 times, is high, and the capacitor characteristics are excellent. , table 1
- Hydrodesulfurization conditions are: total pressure 18.5MPa, hydrogen partial pressure 16.5MPa, temperature 370 ° C, hydrogen Z oil ratio 590 NL / L, liquid space velocity (LHS V) 0.1 7 h 1 It was.
- the resulting hydrodesulfurized oil B has an initial boiling point of 260 ° C, a sulfur content of 0.3% by mass, a nitrogen content of 0.1% by mass, a asphaltene content of 2% by mass, and a saturated content of 70% by mass. Met.
- desulfurized vacuum gas oil (sulfur content 500 mass p pm, density 0.88 g / cm 3 at 15 ° C) is fluidized catalytically cracked, and fluidized catalytic cracking residual oil (hereinafter referred to as “fluid catalytic cracking residual oil B”).
- the resulting fluid catalytic cracking residue B has an initial boiling point of 2 10 ° C and a sulfur content of 0.1 mass. /.
- the nitrogen content was 0.1% by mass
- the asphaltene content was 0% by mass
- the saturated content was 30% by mass.
- This fluid catalytic cracking residue B was put in a test tube and heat treated at 500 ° C for 3 hours at normal pressure to coke.
- the formed coke was embedded in a commercially available resin and observed with a polarizing microscope, the presence of a mosaic structure of 10 ⁇ m or less was not observed.
- hydrodesulfurized oil B and fluid catalytic cracking residual oil B were mixed at a mass ratio of 2: 8 to obtain a raw material oil composition C.
- This feed oil composition C was heat-treated at 500 ° C for 40 hours under 400 kPa to be coke to obtain coke (coking coal C).
- coking coal C When this coking coal C was embedded in a commercially available resin and observed with a polarizing microscope, a mosaic structure of 10 // m or less was not recognized.
- the hydrodesulfurized oil B and fluid catalytic cracking residual oil B were mixed at a mass ratio of 8: 2 to obtain a raw material oil composition D.
- This raw material oil composition D was heat-treated at 400 kPa at 500 for 40 hours to be coke to obtain coke (coking coal D).
- KOH potassium hydroxide
- 1 part by mass of raw coal D and 2.5 parts by mass of potassium hydroxide (KOH) were mixed, put into a nickel reaction vessel, heated at 750 ° C for 1 hour under nitrogen, and activated.
- the same operation as in Example 3 was performed to obtain activated carbon for an electric double layer capacitor.
- Table 3 shows the specific surface area and residual potassium content of the activated carbon.
- an electric double layer capacitor was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the activated carbon.
- Table 3 shows the capacitance and cycle characteristics of the electric double layer capacitor cell (retention rate of capacitance after 1 000 charge / discharge cycles).
- Example 3 Only the fluid catalytic cracking residue B obtained in Example 3 was heat-treated at 500 ° C for 40 hours under 400 kPa to be coke, and then the alkali activation treatment was performed in the same manner as in Example 3.
- the electric double layer capacitor was produced using the obtained activated carbon.
- Table 3 shows the specific surface area and residual potassium content of the activated carbon, and the capacitance and cycle characteristics of the electric double layer capacitor cell (capacitance retention after 1 000 charge / discharge cycles).
- Atmospheric distillation residue (density 0.92 g / cm 3 , sulfur content 0.35 mass%) was distilled under reduced pressure under conditions of furnace outlet temperature 350 ° C and pressure 1.3 kPa, A vacuum distillation residue oil (hereinafter referred to as “vacuum distillation residue oil B”) having a temperature of 100 ° C., 9% by weight of asphaltene, 61% by weight of saturation, 0.1% by weight of sulfur, and 0.1% by weight of sulfur was obtained.
- the above-mentioned vacuum distillation residue oil B was heat-treated at 500 ° C for 40 hours under 400 kPa to be coke, and then subjected to an alkali activation treatment in the same manner as in Example 3 and the obtained activated carbon was used.
- Hydrodesulfurized oil B and fluid catalytic cracking residual oil B used in Example 3 were mixed at a mass ratio of 1: 3 to obtain a raw material oil composition E.
- This raw material oil composition E was put in a test tube and subjected to heat treatment at 400 ° C. for 40 hours at 50 ° C. to obtain coke to obtain coke (raw coal E).
- this raw coal E was embedded in a commercially available resin and observed with a polarizing microscope, no mosaic structure of 10 ⁇ m or less was observed.
- the raw coal E was heat-treated at 2800 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a graphitized product. X-ray diffraction measurement of this graphitized material The results (Science and Technology Law 1 1 7 Committee) are shown in Table 4.
- Hydrodesulfurized oil B and fluid catalytic cracking residual oil B were mixed at a mass ratio of 1: 5 to prepare a feed oil composition F.
- This raw material oil composition F was put in a test tube and heat-treated at 400 ° C. for 40 hours at 500 ° C. to be coke to obtain coke (coking coal F).
- coke coke
- Coking coal E was heat-treated at 2800 ° C in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain graphitized material.
- Table 4 shows the results of X-ray diffraction measurement of this graphitized product (Gakushin Method 117 Committee).
- a cylindrical piece was produced in the same manner as in Example 5 except that this calcined coke was used, and the thermal expansion coefficient and puffing were measured. The results are shown in Table 5.
- Fluid catalytic cracking residual oil B was put in a test tube, and heat treated at 500 ° C under 400 kPa for 40 hours to coke. In addition, this coatus was heat-treated at 2800 ° C in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a graphitized product.
- Table 4 shows the X-ray diffraction measurement results of this graphitized product (Gakushin Method 1 1 7 Committee).
- vacuum-distilled residue oil C Low-sulfur crude oil having a sulfur content of 0.2 mass%, a nitrogen content of 0.3 mass%, and a saturation content of 40 mass% was distilled under reduced pressure to obtain a vacuum-distilled residue oil (hereinafter referred to as "vacuum-distilled residue oil C").
- This vacuum distillation residue oil C was put in a test tube and heat treated at 500 ° C. for 40 hours under 400 kPa to be coke.
- the produced coke was embedded in a commercially available resin and observed with a polarizing microscope. As a result, 18% of the mosaic texture was 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the coke was heat-treated at 2800 ° C in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a graphitized product. Table 4 shows the results of X-ray diffraction measurement of this black lead compound (Gakushin Law 1 17 Committee).
- Table 5 shows the sulfur content, nitrogen content and bulk density of the calcined coke obtained.
- Distillation residue oil C and fluidized catalytic cracking residue B were mixed at a mass ratio of 1: 1 to prepare a feed oil composition.
- This raw material oil composition was put into a test tube and heat-treated at 400 ° C. and 500 ° C. for 40 hours to be coked.
- the produced coke was embedded in a commercially available resin and observed with a polarizing microscope.
- the mosaic structure of 10 ⁇ m or less was 5%.
- this coke was heat-treated at 2800 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a graphitized product.
- Table 4 shows the results of X-ray diffraction measurement of this graphitized product (Gakushin Method 117 Committee).
- a cylindrical piece was produced in the same manner as in Example 5 except that this calcined coke was used, and the thermal expansion coefficient and puffing were measured. The results are shown in Table 5.
- Distillation residue oil C and fluidized catalytic cracking residue B were mixed at a mass ratio of 1: 5 to prepare a feed oil composition. Put this feedstock composition in a test tube, under 400 k Pa, 500 ° C Was coke by heat treatment for 40 hours. This coke was heat-treated at 2800 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a graphitized product. Table 4 shows the results of X-ray diffraction measurement of this graphitized product (Gakushin Method 117 Committee).
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KR1020087018315A KR101358544B1 (ko) | 2005-12-27 | 2006-12-27 | 축전용 탄소재료용 및 니들 코크스용 원료탄 |
US12/158,165 US7959888B2 (en) | 2005-12-27 | 2006-12-27 | Raw coke for electricity storage carbon material and needle coke |
JP2007552038A JP4188410B2 (ja) | 2006-10-30 | 2006-12-27 | 蓄電用炭素材料用原料炭 |
CN200680049416.6A CN101346307B (zh) | 2005-12-27 | 2006-12-27 | 用于蓄电碳材料和针状焦的原焦 |
EP06843743.3A EP1982956B1 (en) | 2005-12-27 | 2006-12-27 | Raw coal for making carbonaceous material for electricity storage or needle coke |
US13/157,916 US8197788B2 (en) | 2005-12-27 | 2011-06-10 | Raw coke for electricity storage carbon material and needle coke |
US13/158,008 US8226921B2 (en) | 2005-12-27 | 2011-06-10 | Raw coke for electricity storage carbon material and needle coke |
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US13/158,008 Division US8226921B2 (en) | 2005-12-27 | 2011-06-10 | Raw coke for electricity storage carbon material and needle coke |
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US7959888B2 (en) | 2011-06-14 |
KR101358544B1 (ko) | 2014-02-05 |
US20110267737A1 (en) | 2011-11-03 |
US20090268375A1 (en) | 2009-10-29 |
EP1982956A4 (en) | 2012-02-29 |
EP1982956B1 (en) | 2014-03-12 |
EP1982956A1 (en) | 2008-10-22 |
KR20080083016A (ko) | 2008-09-12 |
US8197788B2 (en) | 2012-06-12 |
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