WO2007058318A1 - 焼成体及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
焼成体及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2007058318A1 WO2007058318A1 PCT/JP2006/323009 JP2006323009W WO2007058318A1 WO 2007058318 A1 WO2007058318 A1 WO 2007058318A1 JP 2006323009 W JP2006323009 W JP 2006323009W WO 2007058318 A1 WO2007058318 A1 WO 2007058318A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- alkali metal
- metal atom
- fired body
- transparent conductive
- atom
- Prior art date
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005477 sputtering target Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- AIYUHDOJVYHVIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cs+] AIYUHDOJVYHVIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 49
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 8
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 inorganic acid salt Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000001755 magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001339 alkali metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L caesium carbonate Chemical compound [Cs+].[Cs+].[O-]C([O-])=O FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000024 caesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 description 2
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- RLSSMJSEOOYNOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N m-cresol Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 RLSSMJSEOOYNOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical group OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001508 alkali metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001615 alkaline earth metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000309464 bull Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009125 cardiac resynchronization therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004993 emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007733 ion plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010902 jet-milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001552 radio frequency sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/34—Sputtering
- C23C14/3407—Cathode assembly for sputtering apparatus, e.g. Target
- C23C14/3414—Metallurgical or chemical aspects of target preparation, e.g. casting, powder metallurgy
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- C04B35/453—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zinc, tin, or bismuth oxides or solid solutions thereof with other oxides, e.g. zincates, stannates or bismuthates
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- C04B35/453—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zinc, tin, or bismuth oxides or solid solutions thereof with other oxides, e.g. zincates, stannates or bismuthates
- C04B35/457—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zinc, tin, or bismuth oxides or solid solutions thereof with other oxides, e.g. zincates, stannates or bismuthates based on tin oxides or stannates
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- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
- C04B35/6261—Milling
- C04B35/6262—Milling of calcined, sintered clinker or ceramics
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- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
- C04B35/62645—Thermal treatment of powders or mixtures thereof other than sintering
- C04B35/62655—Drying, e.g. freeze-drying, spray-drying, microwave or supercritical drying
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- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/08—Oxides
- C23C14/086—Oxides of zinc, germanium, cadmium, indium, tin, thallium or bismuth
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- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
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- H05B33/26—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces characterised by the composition or arrangement of the conductive material used as an electrode
- H05B33/28—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces characterised by the composition or arrangement of the conductive material used as an electrode of translucent electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
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- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3201—Alkali metal oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3203—Lithium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof
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- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3286—Gallium oxides, gallates, indium oxides, indates, thallium oxides, thallates or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. zinc gallate
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- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sintered body that can be used for manufacturing an electrode such as an organic electoluminescence (EL) element and a method for manufacturing the same.
- an electrode such as an organic electoluminescence (EL) element
- the cathode of an organic EL element is generally formed by depositing a metal having a small work function on an organic layer to a thickness of about lOOnm and is opaque.
- a metal having a small work function on an organic layer to a thickness of about lOOnm and is opaque.
- an organic EL device when an electrode having a light-transmitting property is used for both the anode and the cathode, it becomes a light-transmitting self-light-emitting device and the application range is widened.
- Such a transparent organic EL element is disclosed in Patent Document 1.
- the device taught in this document is a metal or low work function metal or cathode between an organic light emitting film composed of an electron transport layer, a light emitting layer and a hole transport layer and a transparent conductive layer (cathode) composed of indium tin oxide (ITO).
- ITO indium tin oxide
- a thin layer of several nanometers having a light-transmitting property of the alloy is formed, and a transparent conductive layer (anode) having an ITO force is provided on the hole transport layer side.
- the energy gap between the cathode and the electron transport layer becomes too large, and the electron injection property to the organic light emitting film is lowered and the light emission efficiency is deteriorated. This is achieved by inserting a thin layer of a low work function metal or its alloy in between.
- an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal organometallic complex or an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal is provided between an organic light emitting film including an organic light emitting layer and a cathode.
- Luminous efficiency can be achieved by providing an electron injection layer made of a metal organometallic salt or an electron injection layer made of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal oxide or an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal halide. It has been found that a good element can be obtained easily and stably.
- such an electron injection layer has a thickness of 0. Inn! It had to be controlled very thin at ⁇ 20nm, and large area was difficult. The thinner the electron injection layer is, the power that can improve the electron injection efficiency. If it is too thin, it causes uneven electron injection and dark spots. On the other hand, when the film thickness is increased, the light emission efficiency is worsened and the life of the organic EL display element is shortened.
- Non-patent Document 1 there is a report on an organic EL material using a cathode doped with Cs in ITO (Non-patent Document 1).
- Cs metal is evaporated by blowing argon gas in the same chamber, and Cs is doped into the ITO cathode film.
- an electrode material having both electron injection properties, transparency, and conductivity can be obtained.
- a dedicated device is required and high concentration Cs metal contaminates the chamber. .
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-185984
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-223277
- Non-Patent Literature 1 Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Vol. 44, No. 8, (20 05), 5939
- An object of the present invention is to provide an electrode excellent in electron injection property, transparency, and conductivity.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a sputtering target, a sintered body, and a method for manufacturing the same, which enable formation of a strong electrode.
- a sintered body having an atomic ratio (alkali metal atom) Z (metal atom + alkali metal atom) of 0.1 to 80 atom%.
- the fired product according to 1 or 2 comprising an oxide of indium and zinc.
- the compound containing the alkali metal is Cs CO, CsCl, Csl, Cs SO, CsF, KBr,
- K CO, KC1 and KF force The method for producing a fired body according to 4, which is one or more selected.
- Z (metal atom + alkali metal atom) is 0.1 to 80 atom%.
- the transparent conductive film according to 8 which is formed by sputtering using the sputtering target described in 7.
- an electrode excellent in electron injecting property, transparency, and conductivity can be provided.
- the fired body of the present invention includes at least one metal atom selected from indium, zinc and tin, at least one alkali metal atom selected from cesium, potassium and lithium force, and an oxygen atom.
- the metal atom contained in the fired body of the present invention is preferably indium and zinc, or indium and tin.
- the alkali metal atom contained in the fired product of the present invention is preferably cesium or potassium, more preferably cesium.
- a transparent conductive film having a low work function is obtained.
- the atomic ratio represented by (alkali metal atom) Z (metal atom + alkali metal atom) is 0.1 to 80 atomic%. If it is less than 1 atomic%, the effect of the low work function is lost, and if it is larger than 80 atomic%, it becomes difficult to produce a fired body. Considering the effect of blending alkali metal atoms and the production of the fired body, the atomic ratio is preferably 0.1 to 50 atomic%, more preferably 8 to 46 atomic%, and particularly preferably 20 to 40 atomic%. .
- the atomic ratio represented by (cesium atom) Z may be 8 to 46 atom%, particularly 10 to 30 atom%. I like it.
- the work function of the transparent conductive film obtained can be reduced significantly. Specifically, it can be reduced to 4. OeV or less.
- the volume resistivity of the sintered body of the present invention is preferably 5 X 10 "1 ⁇ 'cm or less, more preferably, 5 X 10_ 2 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less, particularly preferably, 5 X 10- 3 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less.
- the fired body of the present invention preferably contains an oxide of indium and zinc or an oxide of indium and tin.
- indium and zinc oxide or indium and tin oxide makes it easier to lower the resistance of the sintered body, resulting in superior productivity and low substrate damage! DC sputtering can be performed.
- the fired body of the present invention comprises a step of adding and mixing an oxide of at least one metal selected from indium, zinc and tin power and a compound containing at least one alkali metal selected from cesium, potassium and lithium power; It is obtained from a step of molding the obtained mixture and a step of firing the molded product.
- the manufacturing method of a suitable sintered body is specifically shown below.
- an oxide of at least one metal selected from indium, zinc and tin is mixed with a compound containing at least one alkali metal selected from cesium, potassium and lithium to obtain a mixture.
- the mixing is preferably performed so that the atomic ratio (alkali metal atom) Z (metal atom + alkali metal atom) is 0.1 to 80 atomic%.
- the average particle size of this mixture is preferably 0.01 to 10 m and more preferably 0.1 to 5 m when the granulation treatment described later is not performed. If the average particle size is less than 0.01 m, agglomeration is likely to occur. If the average particle size exceeds 10 / z m, the mixing property is lowered, and it may be difficult to obtain a dense fired product.
- an alkali metal oxide, halide, inorganic acid salt, hydroxide, or the like can be used as the compound containing an alkali metal.
- the compound containing an alkali metal preferably has a melting point of 500 ° C to 1400 ° C, more preferably 600 ° C to 1300 ° C.
- the melting point is less than 500 ° C, the alkali metal may sublimate and the mixing ratio may be shifted immediately in the manufacturing process of the fired body.
- the compound containing an alkali metal is preferably Cs CO, CsCl, Csl, Cs SO, Cs
- CsCl, Csl, Cs SO and CsF are used.
- Cs CO is decarboxylated during the heating process.
- 24 is a salt having the highest melting point, and is preferable because dense firing can be expected.
- the purity of each raw material is preferably 99% or more, more preferably 99.5% or more. If the purity of the raw material is less than 99%, it may be difficult to obtain a dense fired body, or it may be difficult to obtain a fired body having a desired volume resistivity.
- the alkali metal compound is an acid compound
- a predetermined amount of powder of each acid compound (raw material) is ball milled, jet milled, pearl milled so as to obtain a target having the desired composition. It is possible to obtain a desired mixture by putting them in a mixer, etc., and crushing and mixing them.
- the pulverization and mixing time is preferably 1 to: L00 time, more preferably 5 to 50 hours, and particularly preferably 10 to 50 hours. Mixing tends to be insufficient in less than 1 hour It's not economical if it exceeds 100 hours.
- the alkali metal compound is other than an oxide
- a predetermined amount of the raw material is put into a mixer such as a ball mill, a jet mill, a pearl mill or the like so as to obtain a target having a target composition.
- the mixture is calcined, and the obtained calcined product is pulverized with the above-mentioned mixer or the like to obtain a desired mixture.
- the calcining temperature and calcining time at this time is a force that depends on the type of raw material, generally between 500 and 900 ° C. 1 to LOO time is preferred.
- the calcination temperature and calcination time are 600 to 800 ° C. and 2 to 50 hours.
- the calcination / pulverization treatment described above may be performed once, or the mixture obtained by pulverizing the calcined product may be further subjected to a desired number of times of calcination / pulverization.
- the target mixture may be obtained by performing the above-described calcining and pulverizing treatment using an acid salt as a raw material of each component.
- the calcining temperature and calcining time is approximately 500 to 900 ° C when the calcined object is a mixture obtained once or is an acidified raw material. .
- a more preferable calcining temperature and calcining time are 500 to 900 ° C. and 2 to 50 hours.
- the target mixture can also be prepared by granulating the mixture obtained as described above or by granulating raw materials of the respective components. .
- This granulation can be performed by a conventional method such as spray drying.
- a solution obtained by adding a binder such as polybulu alcohol to an aqueous solution or alcohol solution of the above mixture or raw material it is preferable to use a solution obtained by adding a binder such as polybulu alcohol to an aqueous solution or alcohol solution of the above mixture or raw material.
- the granulation conditions vary depending on the solution concentration and the amount of binder added.
- the average particle size of the granulated product is preferably 1 to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably 5 to: LOO ⁇ m, particularly preferably 10 to 100 Adjust to ⁇ m. This granulation can improve the fluidity and filling property during molding, but if the average particle size of the granulated product exceeds 100 m, the fluidity and filling property during molding will be poor. There is no grain effect.
- the mixture obtained in the raw material preparation step is formed into a desired shape prior to firing.
- Molding can be performed by mold molding, squeeze molding, injection molding, pressure molding, etc.
- CIP cold isostatic pressure
- HIP hot isostatic Pressure
- the shape of the molded body can be various shapes suitable as a target. Further, polyvinyl alcohol, methyl cellulose, polywax, oleic acid, or the like may be used as a molding aid.
- the molding pressure is preferably 10 kg, cm 2 to lt, cm 2 , more preferably 20 kgZcm 2 to 500 kgZcm 2 .
- the molding time is preferably 10 minutes to 10 hours. When the molding pressure is less than 10 kgZcm 2 or when the molding time is less than 10 minutes, it may be difficult to obtain a fired body having a high relative density.
- the molded product obtained in the above molding step is fired to obtain a fired body.
- a firing method HIP, hot pressing, firing under normal pressure, or the like can be applied, but HIP or hot pressing is preferable in order to suppress volatilization of Cs.
- the firing temperature is preferably 1100 to 1400 ° C, more preferably 1200 to 1300 ° C. If it is less than 1100 ° C., a fired body having a sufficient relative density cannot be obtained, and it may be difficult to obtain a fired body having a target volume resistivity even after annealing described later.
- the firing time is preferably 1 to 50 hours, more preferably 2 to 30 hours, and particularly preferably 3 to 20 hours. If it is less than 1 hour, firing may not be performed sufficiently, and if it exceeds 50 hours, it is not economical.
- the atmosphere during firing is air or a reducing atmosphere.
- the reducing atmosphere includes reducing gases such as H, methane, and CO, and non-reducing atmospheres such as Ar and N.
- the volume resistivity of the fired body obtained in the above firing step exceeds 5 X 10_2 ⁇ -cm
- the volume resistivity is reduced by reducing the fired body.
- a fired body having a target volume resistivity is obtained.
- Annealing is preferably performed in a furnace such as a firing furnace or a hot press reducing furnace under a vacuum or a reducing atmosphere.
- the reducing atmosphere includes reducing gases such as H, methane, and CO, and inert gases such as Ar and N.
- the annealing temperature is preferably 200 to 1000 ° C, more preferably 200 to 700 ° C, still more preferably 200 to 500 ° C. If the temperature is lower than 200 ° C, sufficient reduction may not be performed. If the temperature exceeds 1000 ° C, the cesium component in the fired body may be sublimated, resulting in a composition shift.
- the annealing time is preferably 1 to 50 hours, more preferably 2 to 30 hours, and even more preferably 3 to 20 hours. If it is less than 1 hour, sufficient reduction may not be performed, and if it exceeds 50 hours, it is not economical.
- the annealing temperature when annealing is performed in a reducing atmosphere is preferably 200 to 1000 ° C, more preferably 300 to 1000 ° C, and still more preferably 400 to 1000 ° C. If the temperature is below 200 ° C, sufficient reduction will not be performed, and the Cs component may volatilize at 1000 ° C.
- the annealing time is preferably 1 to 50 hours, more preferably 2 to 30 hours, still more preferably 3 to 20 hours.
- the color of the fired body after annealing as described above is blackened compared with that before the normal annealing.
- the intended firing of the present invention By performing the above-described raw material preparation step, molding step, and firing step, or by performing the above-described annealing step as necessary after performing the above-described firing step, the intended firing of the present invention.
- This fired body preferably has a volume resistivity of force X 10 _2 ⁇ 'cm or less, and abnormal discharge is induced or cracked even when used as a target for film formation by DC sputtering. It is difficult.
- the target can stably form a transparent conductive film having a work function of 3.5 eV to 4.5 eV by a sputtering method such as a direct current sputtering method or a high frequency sputtering method.
- the transparent conductive film of the present invention can be obtained by using a sputtering target having the above-mentioned fired body strength. It is obtained by forming a film by a sputtering method.
- the work function of the transparent conductive film is preferably 5. OeV or less, more preferably 4.4 eV or less, and particularly preferably 4. OeV or less.
- the transparent conductive film of the present invention can be suitably used as an electrode, particularly as a cathode.
- An organic EL element is a force that sandwiches a light emitting layer between a pair of electrodes. It can be used as at least one of these electrodes, preferably a cathode.
- the cathode When using a transparent electrode for the cathode of a top emission type organic EL device, the cathode can be used as the electrode on the light extraction side.
- the atomic ratio represented by (alkali metal atom) Z (metal atom + alkali metal atom) is 0.1 to 80 atomic%. Considering the effect of reducing the work function due to the mixing of alkali metal atoms, the atomic ratio is preferably 10 to 75 atomic%, more preferably 20 to 60 atomic%.
- the work function of the transparent conductive film is reduced by setting the atomic ratio represented by (cesium atom) Z (metal atom + cesium atom) to 8 to 46 atom%. Since it can reduce significantly, it is preferable.
- the transparent conductive film of the present invention is not limited to the one prepared using the above-described sputtering target having a fired body strength.
- a film forming method for example, there is a method of forming a film by a vacuum deposition method using an electron beam or an ion plating method using a fired body processed into a pellet shape.
- the film may be formed by using a pellet of a compound containing an alkali metal atom together with a sputtering target having a fired body strength.
- the above mixture powder is put into a mold, preformed with a mold press molding machine at a pressure of lOOkgZcm 2 , and then compacted with a cold isostatic press molding machine at a pressure of 4 t / cm 2 to obtain a diameter of 4 mm.
- a molded product having a disk shape of 1 inch and a thickness of 5.3 mm was obtained.
- the above molded product was put into a firing furnace and fired at 1300 ° C in air for 4 hours under normal pressure to obtain a sintered body.
- the surface of this fired body was polished to a size of 4 inches in diameter and 5 mm in thickness, thereby obtaining a target (relative density 88%) that also had the desired fired body strength.
- a test piece of 20 mm ⁇ 40 mm ⁇ 5 mm was cut out from the above target, and its volume resistivity was measured by the four probe method.
- the composition analysis was performed by ICP analysis (Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectroscopy) using SPS-1500VR manufactured by Seiko Denshi Kogyo Co., Ltd.
- the atomic ratio CsZ In + Zn + Cs
- Sputtering device HSM552 (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation)
- Target size diameter 4 inches, thickness 5mm Discharge type: DC magnetron
- Pre-sputtering pressure 2 X 10 _ 1 Pa
- Substrate temperature Room temperature
- Example 1 The raw materials were prepared, shaped and fired in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the raw materials shown in Table 1 were used, and two targets each having a calorific strength were obtained for each example. Volume resistivity measurement and composition analysis were performed in the same manner as in Example 1 using one of the two targets. Furthermore, using the other target, a transparent conductive film was formed and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. These results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 1 The raw material was prepared, molded and fired in the same manner as in Example 1 except that indium zinc oxide (IZO) was used, and two targets each comprising a fired body were obtained. Using one of these targets, volume resistivity was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. Further, using the other target, a transparent conductive film was formed and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. These results are shown in Table 1.
- IZO indium zinc oxide
- each target produced in Example 1 to Example 11 induced abnormal discharge even when used as a target for forming a transparent conductive film by DC magnetron sputtering. And the target is not likely to crack. This is because the volume resistivity of each target is as low as 5.0 ⁇ 10 " 2 ⁇ 'cm.
- Each of the transparent conductive films formed in Examples 1 to 11 has a work function of 3.5 eV to 4.
- Such a transparent conductive film is suitable as a cathode for organic EL for top emission because it has both electron injection property, transparency, and conductivity.
- a thin film of nm was laminated.
- An alloy film of noradium and copper and an IZO film function as the anode.
- an EL element was fabricated on the anode.
- the blue organic EL device was formed in a series of steps while maintaining the vacuum state.
- the deposition conditions for each layer were as follows.
- a transparent electrode made of an oxide of In, Zn, and Cs was formed with a film thickness of lOOnm using the sputtering target manufactured in Example 1 as a cathode.
- the driving voltage was 6.5 V, and an emission luminance of 930 cdZm 2 was observed from the negative electrode side.
- a considerable amount of light emitted toward the anode was reflected and traveled backwards and emitted from the cathode side. Good carrier injection characteristics and emission characteristics were confirmed. In addition, dark spots were seen on the light emitting surface.
- Table 2 shows the evaluation results of the EL devices obtained in this way.
- An organic EL device was formed and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 12 except that a transparent electrode was formed using the sputtering target produced in Comparative Example 1 as the cathode. The results are shown in Table 2.
- DC magnetron sputtering was performed under the following conditions with an IZO target and the number of CsF pellets shown in Table 3 attached to the sputtering apparatus. From this, 5 cm (vertical) X 5 cm (horizontal) X I.
- Table 3 shows the conditions for forming the transparent conductive film, the ratio of Cs atoms, and the work function.
- IZO target size diameter 5 inches, thickness 5mm
- CsF pellet size Diameter 10mm, thickness 5mm
- a transparent conductive film was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 13 except that the film forming conditions were changed as shown in Table 3. The results are shown in Table 3.
- a raw material was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 (1) except that the following powder was used as a raw material.
- the mixture powder was molded by a hot press molding machine.
- the mixture powder was put in an alumina mold having an inner diameter of 60 mm and formed under the following conditions.
- baking is also made
- An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 12 except that the sputtering target produced in Example 17 was used as the cathode. The results are shown in Table 2.
- the transparent conductive film obtained from the fired product of the present invention is suitable for an electrode used in a display panel such as an organic EL element or a liquid crystal display, a solar cell, or the like.
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Description
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EP06832887A EP1953256A1 (en) | 2005-11-21 | 2006-11-17 | Fired material and process for producing the same |
US12/094,323 US20090114886A1 (en) | 2005-11-21 | 2006-11-17 | Fired material and process for producing the same |
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Cited By (4)
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WO2009142238A1 (ja) * | 2008-05-23 | 2009-11-26 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 焼結体およびその製造方法ならびに光学部品 |
JP2011099131A (ja) * | 2009-11-04 | 2011-05-19 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Co Ltd | 酸化亜鉛系酸化物ペレットの製造方法 |
JP2014043598A (ja) * | 2012-08-24 | 2014-03-13 | Ulvac Japan Ltd | InZnO系スパッタリングターゲットの製造方法 |
WO2020170949A1 (ja) * | 2019-02-18 | 2020-08-27 | 出光興産株式会社 | 酸化物焼結体、スパッタリングターゲット及びスパッタリングターゲットの製造方法 |
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CN102790177B (zh) * | 2011-05-20 | 2015-10-28 | 海洋王照明科技股份有限公司 | 聚合物太阳能电池及其制备方法 |
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- 2006-11-17 WO PCT/JP2006/323009 patent/WO2007058318A1/ja active Application Filing
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Cited By (9)
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WO2009142238A1 (ja) * | 2008-05-23 | 2009-11-26 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 焼結体およびその製造方法ならびに光学部品 |
CN101795995A (zh) * | 2008-05-23 | 2010-08-04 | 住友电气工业株式会社 | 烧结体、其制造方法和光学部件 |
US8298975B2 (en) | 2008-05-23 | 2012-10-30 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Sintered compact, process for production thereof, and optical element |
JP5418231B2 (ja) * | 2008-05-23 | 2014-02-19 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 焼結体およびその製造方法ならびに光学部品 |
JP2011099131A (ja) * | 2009-11-04 | 2011-05-19 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Co Ltd | 酸化亜鉛系酸化物ペレットの製造方法 |
JP2014043598A (ja) * | 2012-08-24 | 2014-03-13 | Ulvac Japan Ltd | InZnO系スパッタリングターゲットの製造方法 |
WO2020170949A1 (ja) * | 2019-02-18 | 2020-08-27 | 出光興産株式会社 | 酸化物焼結体、スパッタリングターゲット及びスパッタリングターゲットの製造方法 |
JPWO2020170949A1 (ja) * | 2019-02-18 | 2021-12-23 | 出光興産株式会社 | 酸化物焼結体、スパッタリングターゲット及びスパッタリングターゲットの製造方法 |
JP7359836B2 (ja) | 2019-02-18 | 2023-10-11 | 出光興産株式会社 | 酸化物焼結体、スパッタリングターゲット及びスパッタリングターゲットの製造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1953256A1 (en) | 2008-08-06 |
TW200732485A (en) | 2007-09-01 |
JPWO2007058318A1 (ja) | 2009-05-07 |
US20090114886A1 (en) | 2009-05-07 |
KR20080069193A (ko) | 2008-07-25 |
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