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WO2007045921A1 - Method and apparatus for facilitating flow of solids laden drilling fluid from a container - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for facilitating flow of solids laden drilling fluid from a container Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2007045921A1
WO2007045921A1 PCT/GB2006/050327 GB2006050327W WO2007045921A1 WO 2007045921 A1 WO2007045921 A1 WO 2007045921A1 GB 2006050327 W GB2006050327 W GB 2006050327W WO 2007045921 A1 WO2007045921 A1 WO 2007045921A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
container
drilling fluid
nozzle
solids
fluid
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2006/050327
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Clyde Bohnsack
Guy Lamont Mcclung, Iii
Original Assignee
Varco I/P, Inc.
Lucas, Brian
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Varco I/P, Inc., Lucas, Brian filed Critical Varco I/P, Inc.
Publication of WO2007045921A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007045921A1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
    • E21B21/06—Arrangements for treating drilling fluids outside the borehole
    • E21B21/063—Arrangements for treating drilling fluids outside the borehole by separating components
    • E21B21/065—Separating solids from drilling fluids

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for facilitating flow of solids laden drilling fluid from a container such as a mud pit or mud tank.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for recovering usable drilling fluid from solid masses adjacent a floor of a container.
  • mud In drilling operations in the oil and gas industry drilling fluid known as "mud" is circulated down a drill string, through a bit, and then back out of a wellbore during drilling to remove drilled cuttings and debris from the immediate drilling area.
  • the mud is continuously pumped down through the drill string and into the region around the drill bit, picking up drilled cuttings and debris, and then back up a borehole annulus to the surface .
  • the mud is made up of clays, chemical additives and an oil or water base and performs several important functions .
  • the mud cools and lubricates the drill bit, carries drill cuttings back up out of the well , and serves to maintain a hydrostatic pressure which prevents pressurized fluids in the earth formation from blowing out through the drilled well.
  • the mud exiting the wellbore is pumped to a mud pit and then to containers or "mud tanks" in which it resides until it is re-circulated down the wellbore.
  • solids in the mud can settle and/or agglomerate forming relatively large masses which are difficult to deal with, which inhibit good flow back into a wellbore, and which can clog pumping and flow equipment.
  • mud guns which supply fluid, such as water, under pressure that is pumped through a nozzle apparatus within a mud container to break up large undesirable solid masses and to facilitate mud flow from the container.
  • fluid such as water
  • the mud gun is manually turned with a handle extending above the mud gun.
  • an apparatus for facilitating flow of solids laden drilling fluid from a container comprising a pressure nozzle apparatus with at least one nozzle from which is flowable fluid under pressure, powered rotation apparatus connected to the pressure nozzle apparatus for selectively rotating the pressure nozzle apparatus so that the at least one nozzle is rotatable within the solids laden drilling fluid in the container .
  • the at least one nozzle or the pressure nozzle apparatus is rotated automatically. In one aspect, rotated at between 8 and 20 rpm's and in one particular aspect it is rotated at about 12 rpm.
  • a pressure nozzle apparatus in accordance with the present invention has one, two, three, four, five or more individual nozzles from which fluid, e.g., water and/or additional drilling fluid, is pumped under pressure.
  • Any nozzle of any system in accordance with the present invention may be directed horizontally within a mud container (e.g., tank or pit), downwardly, or upwardly.
  • a mud container e.g., tank or pit
  • at least one nozzle is directed downwardly and at least one other nozzle spaced apart from the first nozzle is directed non-downwardly (horizontally or upwardly) so that large solid masses are dispersed or broken and the drilling fluid is mixed homogeneously.
  • a pressure nozzle apparatus in accordance with the present invention which is rotatable is supported on a support (e.g., a beam or walkway structure) above a mud container with the pressure nozzle apparatus extending down into the mud in the container.
  • the pressure nozzle apparatus is movable with respect to the beam structure across the container or from side to side of the container by suitable movement apparatus, e.g., but not limited to, an endless chain apparatus with a chain than engages a toothed gear on the pressure nozzle apparatus .
  • the apparatus further comprises a pressure apparatus to supply fluid under pressure to the at least one nozzle.
  • the container is from the group comprising: mud tank; and mud pit.
  • the apparatus further comprises powered translation apparatus for moving the pressure nozzle apparatus generally horizontally with respect to the container.
  • the powered translation apparatus in connected to the pressure nozzle apparatus.
  • the apparatus further comprises sensor apparatus within the container for sensing at least one parameter of the fluid in the container.
  • the parameter may be at least one of: density; composition; and viscosity.
  • the signals from the sensors preferably go to a control system that activates the rotation apparatus and/or the pressure nozzle apparatus to jet fluid into the mud to change its parameters thereby facilitating its flow from the container and/or breaking or dispersing solid masses and mixing them with the mud for re-use; or the control system determines that mud composition should be changed.
  • Particular sensors with specified locations are used to effect the jetting of fluid to a specific location in a container.
  • the apparatus further comprises a computer system for receiving signals from the sensor apparatus indicative of the at least one parameter, the computer system for directing a control apparatus .
  • said control apparatus controls the speed of movement of the powered translation apparatus.
  • the control apparatus controls the rate at which the pressurised supply apparatus supplies fluid, such that preferably, in response to said signals the masses of solids in the drilling fluid are dispersed.
  • the container has a floor and the nozzle is directed at the floor of the container for moving settled solids from a floor of a container.
  • the apparatus as further comprises a pump apparatus for evacuating from the container settled solids moved by the pressure nozzle apparatus as well as a portion of the drilling fluid.
  • the apparatus further comprises a shale shaker for receiving and processing the settled solids and drilling fluid pumped by the pump apparatus from the container.
  • the pump apparatus pumps the settled solids and drilling fluid to the shaker apparatus, and the shaker apparatus for producing a flow of re-usable drilling fluid and disposable separated-out solids.
  • the present invention also provides a method for facilitating flow of drilling fluid from a container, the method comprising the steps of feeding solids laden drilling fluid into a container, flowing fluid under pressure through at least one nozzle of a pressure nozzle apparatus, and rotating the at least one nozzle within the solids laden drilling fluid in the container, the fluid flowing from the at least one nozzle dispersing masses of solids within the drilling fluid material .
  • Such a method can also enhance the breaking up or dispersion of solid masses so that they are mixed with the mud for efficient re-use.
  • the step of rotating the at least one nozzle is carried out selectively.
  • the masses of solids include masses of settled out solids on a floor of the container.
  • the method further comprises the step of moving the pressure nozzle apparatus within and in relation to the container. Preferably carried out using powered translation apparatus.
  • the pressure nozzle apparatus is moved in a generally horizontal plane within the container .
  • the method further comprises the step of sensing with sensor apparatus a parameters of the solids laden drilling fluid and producing a signal indicative of the parameters , a control system receiving the signal and producing a control signal.
  • the control system comprises a computer.
  • the control signal controls the rate of rotation of the at least one nozzle.
  • the control signal controls movement of the pressure nozzle apparatus within and in relation to the container.
  • the at least one nozzle is directed at a floor of the container the method further comprising the step of agitating settled solids to facilitate mixing with the drilling fluid.
  • the method further comprises the step of evacuating settled solids and a portion of the drilling fluid from close the container using a pump.
  • the pump is located adjacent the floor of the container.
  • a certain amount of drilling fluid will be evacuated with the solids, so advantageously, the evacuated solids and drilling fluid is separated in a shale shaker.
  • the method further comprises the step of separating the settled solids from the portion of drilling fluid with a shale shaker.
  • a centrifuge or hydrocyclone also provides a method for recovering usable drilling fluid from solid masses adjacent a floor of a container, the method comprising the steps of moving solid masses adjacent a floor of a container by flowing fluid under pressure through at least one nozzle of a pressure nozzle apparatus, and rotating the at least one nozzle within the solids laden drilling fluid in the container, the fluid flowing from the at least one nozzle dispersing masses of solids within the drilling fluid material and evacuating from the container with pump apparatus a portion of the drilling fluid and at least a portion of the dispersed solid masses.
  • the method further comprises the step of feeding the portion of drilling fluid and portion of solid masses evacuated from the container to shaker apparatus for receiving and processing the drilling fluid and solid masses , and producing with the shaker apparatus a flow of re-usable drilling fluid and disposable separated-out solids .
  • the present invention also provides a system for facilitating flow of drilling fluid from a container of drilling fluid, the drilling fluid containing solids, the system including pressure nozzle apparatus with at least one nozzle from which is flowable fluid under pressure, and powered translation apparatus to which the pressure nozzle apparatus is connected, the powered translation apparatus for moving the pressure nozzle apparatus generally with respect to the container.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of a drilling rig comprising apparatus in accordance with the present invention
  • Figure 2A is a schematic top plan view of an apparatus in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 2B is a schematic side cross sectional view of the apparatus shown in Figure 1 , showing further parts ;
  • FIG 3 is a schematic view of a drilling rig comprising an apparatus in accordance with the present invention
  • Figure 4 is a side view of a rotation apparatus for use in the apparatus in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG 5 is a top view of the rotation apparatus shown in Figure 4.
  • a mud tank 17 and a mud pit 15 each has an apparatus 50 in accordance with the present invention for facilitating mud flow and for mixing solids in the mud with drilling fluid.
  • a drilling rig 11 drills a well 13 into a formation 25.
  • a mud pump 33 pumps mud M in a line 36 into the well 13 down a drill string 22, to and through a bit apparatus 23, and then up through an annulus 26 to an exit line 27 which feeds into the mud pit 15.
  • the mud M is pumped by a pump 37 in a line 12 from the mud pit 15 into a mud tank 17 from which the mud pump 33 pumps the mud in a line 35 back to the line 36.
  • Each of the apparatus 50 (either one or which may be deleted) includes a pressure nozzle apparatus 52 ; a rotation apparatus 54 ; and a pressure fluid supply apparatus 56.
  • either or both systems 50 can include a translation apparatus 58. These apparatuses 52, 53, 54, 56, and 58 are described below.
  • FIGS 2A and 2B illustrate schematically an apparatus 100, which is interchangeable with the apparatus 50 shown in Figure 1.
  • the apparatus 100 has rotation , translation and control apparatus .
  • a container 102 contains drilling fluid or mud 104 in which are entrained solids 106 which are relatively easily pumpable from within the container and relatively larger masses or agglomerations of solids 108 some of which settle on a bottom floor 101 of the container 102.
  • a pressure nozzle apparatus 110 has a main pipe 112 down which fluid (e.g. water, drilling fluid, water and drilling fluid, and/or any of these with fluid additives) is pumped from a pressurized fluid system 120 in a flexible extendable line 122 which is in fluid communication with the main pipe 112.
  • fluid e.g. water, drilling fluid, water and drilling fluid, and/or any of these with fluid additives
  • a nozzle 114 projects downwardly from the main pipe 112 and fluid under pressure exits the nozzle 114 to impact the solids 106 and the masses 108.
  • a second downwardly projecting nozzle 116 is spaced-apart from the nozzle 114 and fluid from the main pipe 112 also exits from the nozzle 116 under pressure.
  • fluid is also pumped through an upwardly-projecting nozzle 118.
  • fluid is also pumped through a horizontally-projecting nozzle 119, both nozzles 118 and 119 in fluid communication with the main pipe 112.
  • a translation apparatus 130 has an endless chain 132 which engages a toothed gear 111 on a pipe 113 which is connected to the main pipe 112. Fluid is flowable through the pipe 113.
  • a motor 134 moves the chain 132 thereby moving the system 100 from side to side in the container 102.
  • Rotation apparatus 140 rotates the main pipe 112.
  • Sensors 151 to 155 and 159 within the container 102 and sensor 156 in an input mud line 157 provide signals indicative of mud parameters (e.g. density, composition, viscosity) to a computer system 150 which is in communication with a control system 160 which controls the rotation apparatus 140 and the translation apparatus 130.
  • the computer system 150 can direct the control system 160 to maintain or change the speed of rotation of the rotation apparatus 140 or to stop rotation.
  • the computer system 150 can direct the control system 160 to activate the translation apparatus to move the pressure nozzle apparatus 110 from side-to-side within the container 102 or to a specific location depending on localized fluid parameters within a certain part of the container.
  • the computer system 150 can provide an alert or warning so that needed additives can be added to the mud.
  • FIG 3 shows an apparatus in accordance with the present invention in a drilling rig, which is generally similar to the drilling rig shown in Figure 1 and like numerals indicate like parts .
  • the apparatus 50 in the mud tank 17 agitates settled solids 82 on the bottom of the mud tank 17 and a pump system 80 pumps these solids and some drilling fluid in a line 87 to a shaker system 32
  • Undesirable solids 44 exit from the top of a screen or screens 38 and are collected in a pit 42 or otherwise further processed.
  • Drilling fluid 34 separated from the solids 44 flows to a tank 39 and is then pumped in a line 88 into line 35 for re-use.
  • the tank 39 and/or the pit 42 may comprise an apparatus in accordance with the present invention, e.g. like the apparatus 50.
  • the solids and drilling fluid in the line 87 may be processed by one or more centrifuges.
  • the pump system 80 includes a centrifugal pump and a 60 horsepower motor to run the pump.
  • Figures 4 and 5 show a rotation apparatus 200 for rotating a pressure nozzle apparatus 210 which has a main pipe 212 and a nozzle 220.
  • the apparatus 200 is emplaceable on a support over a container by positioning a base 202 on a suitable support.
  • the main pipe 212 extends up within a first outer tubular 204 which is connected to the base 202.
  • a second outer tubular 206 encompasses the tubular 204 and has adjustable screws or bolts 208 to adjust the height of the tubular combination, thereby providing height adjustability for the apparatus 200.
  • the second outer tubular 206 is connected to bracing 214 which supports a plate 216.
  • a motor 218, gear box 222 , and a motor starter 224 are connected to the plate 216.
  • a belt 226 driven by the gear box drives a gear 230 connected to the main pipe 212, thereby rotating the main pipe 212.
  • Fluid for jetting e.g. water, drilling fluid, drilling fluid and water, or any of these plus additives
  • a pressurized fluid supply source 240 flows from a pressurized fluid supply source 240, to and through a coupling 232 , into a pipe 234 and then into the main pipe 212 from which it exits via the nozzle 220.
  • Supports 236 connected to the plate 216 support a top member 238 through which the coupling 232 passes .
  • the main pipe 212 is rotatable through a full 360 degrees continuously.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)

Abstract

A method and apparatus for facilitating flow of drilling fluid from a container, such as a mud pit (15) or mud tank (17), comprising feeding solids laden drilling fluid into a container, flowing fluid under pressure through at least one nozzle of a pressure nozzle apparatus (52), and rotating the at least one nozzle within the solids laden drilling fluid in the container, the fluid flowing from the at least one nozzle dispersing masses of solids within the drilling fluid material.

Description

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING FLOW OF SOLIDS
LADEN DRILLING FLUID FROM A CONTAINER The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for facilitating flow of solids laden drilling fluid from a container such as a mud pit or mud tank. The present invention also relates to a method for recovering usable drilling fluid from solid masses adjacent a floor of a container.
In drilling operations in the oil and gas industry drilling fluid known as "mud" is circulated down a drill string, through a bit, and then back out of a wellbore during drilling to remove drilled cuttings and debris from the immediate drilling area. During a drilling operation, the mud is continuously pumped down through the drill string and into the region around the drill bit, picking up drilled cuttings and debris, and then back up a borehole annulus to the surface . Often the mud is made up of clays, chemical additives and an oil or water base and performs several important functions . The mud cools and lubricates the drill bit, carries drill cuttings back up out of the well , and serves to maintain a hydrostatic pressure which prevents pressurized fluids in the earth formation from blowing out through the drilled well. The mud exiting the wellbore is pumped to a mud pit and then to containers or "mud tanks" in which it resides until it is re-circulated down the wellbore. In both the mud pits and in the mud tanks solids in the mud can settle and/or agglomerate forming relatively large masses which are difficult to deal with, which inhibit good flow back into a wellbore, and which can clog pumping and flow equipment.
One effort to deal with these problems employs mud guns which supply fluid, such as water, under pressure that is pumped through a nozzle apparatus within a mud container to break up large undesirable solid masses and to facilitate mud flow from the container. In certain systems , the mud gun is manually turned with a handle extending above the mud gun.
According to the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for facilitating flow of solids laden drilling fluid from a container, the apparatus comprising a pressure nozzle apparatus with at least one nozzle from which is flowable fluid under pressure, powered rotation apparatus connected to the pressure nozzle apparatus for selectively rotating the pressure nozzle apparatus so that the at least one nozzle is rotatable within the solids laden drilling fluid in the container .
Preferably, the at least one nozzle or the pressure nozzle apparatus is rotated automatically. In one aspect, rotated at between 8 and 20 rpm's and in one particular aspect it is rotated at about 12 rpm.
A pressure nozzle apparatus in accordance with the present invention has one, two, three, four, five or more individual nozzles from which fluid, e.g., water and/or additional drilling fluid, is pumped under pressure. Any nozzle of any system in accordance with the present invention may be directed horizontally within a mud container (e.g., tank or pit), downwardly, or upwardly. In one particular aspect, at least one nozzle is directed downwardly and at least one other nozzle spaced apart from the first nozzle is directed non-downwardly (horizontally or upwardly) so that large solid masses are dispersed or broken and the drilling fluid is mixed homogeneously. In one aspect a pressure nozzle apparatus in accordance with the present invention which is rotatable is supported on a support (e.g., a beam or walkway structure) above a mud container with the pressure nozzle apparatus extending down into the mud in the container. The pressure nozzle apparatus is movable with respect to the beam structure across the container or from side to side of the container by suitable movement apparatus, e.g., but not limited to, an endless chain apparatus with a chain than engages a toothed gear on the pressure nozzle apparatus .
Preferably, the apparatus further comprises a pressure apparatus to supply fluid under pressure to the at least one nozzle. Advantageously, the container is from the group comprising: mud tank; and mud pit. Preferably, the apparatus further comprises powered translation apparatus for moving the pressure nozzle apparatus generally horizontally with respect to the container. Advantageously, the powered translation apparatus in connected to the pressure nozzle apparatus. Preferably, the apparatus further comprises sensor apparatus within the container for sensing at least one parameter of the fluid in the container. The parameter may be at least one of: density; composition; and viscosity. The signals from the sensors preferably go to a control system that activates the rotation apparatus and/or the pressure nozzle apparatus to jet fluid into the mud to change its parameters thereby facilitating its flow from the container and/or breaking or dispersing solid masses and mixing them with the mud for re-use; or the control system determines that mud composition should be changed. Particular sensors with specified locations are used to effect the jetting of fluid to a specific location in a container. Advantageously, the apparatus further comprises a computer system for receiving signals from the sensor apparatus indicative of the at least one parameter, the computer system for directing a control apparatus . Preferably said control apparatus controls the speed of movement of the powered translation apparatus. Advantageously, the control apparatus controls the rate at which the pressurised supply apparatus supplies fluid, such that preferably, in response to said signals the masses of solids in the drilling fluid are dispersed.
Advantageously, the container has a floor and the nozzle is directed at the floor of the container for moving settled solids from a floor of a container.
Preferably, the apparatus as further comprises a pump apparatus for evacuating from the container settled solids moved by the pressure nozzle apparatus as well as a portion of the drilling fluid. Advantageously, the apparatus further comprises a shale shaker for receiving and processing the settled solids and drilling fluid pumped by the pump apparatus from the container. Preferably, the pump apparatus pumps the settled solids and drilling fluid to the shaker apparatus, and the shaker apparatus for producing a flow of re-usable drilling fluid and disposable separated-out solids. The present invention also provides a method for facilitating flow of drilling fluid from a container, the method comprising the steps of feeding solids laden drilling fluid into a container, flowing fluid under pressure through at least one nozzle of a pressure nozzle apparatus, and rotating the at least one nozzle within the solids laden drilling fluid in the container, the fluid flowing from the at least one nozzle dispersing masses of solids within the drilling fluid material . Such a method can also enhance the breaking up or dispersion of solid masses so that they are mixed with the mud for efficient re-use.
Preferably, the step of rotating the at least one nozzle is carried out selectively. Advantageously, the masses of solids include masses of settled out solids on a floor of the container. Preferably, the method further comprises the step of moving the pressure nozzle apparatus within and in relation to the container. Preferably carried out using powered translation apparatus. Advantageously, the pressure nozzle apparatus is moved in a generally horizontal plane within the container .
Preferably, the method further comprises the step of sensing with sensor apparatus a parameters of the solids laden drilling fluid and producing a signal indicative of the parameters , a control system receiving the signal and producing a control signal. Advantageously, the control system comprises a computer. Preferably, the control signal controls the rate of rotation of the at least one nozzle. Advantageously, the control signal controls movement of the pressure nozzle apparatus within and in relation to the container.
Preferably, the at least one nozzle is directed at a floor of the container the method further comprising the step of agitating settled solids to facilitate mixing with the drilling fluid.
Advantageously, the method further comprises the step of evacuating settled solids and a portion of the drilling fluid from close the container using a pump. Preferably, the pump is located adjacent the floor of the container. A certain amount of drilling fluid will be evacuated with the solids, so advantageously, the evacuated solids and drilling fluid is separated in a shale shaker.
Preferably, the method further comprises the step of separating the settled solids from the portion of drilling fluid with a shale shaker. Alternatively or additionally, with a centrifuge or hydrocyclone The present invention also provides a method for recovering usable drilling fluid from solid masses adjacent a floor of a container, the method comprising the steps of moving solid masses adjacent a floor of a container by flowing fluid under pressure through at least one nozzle of a pressure nozzle apparatus, and rotating the at least one nozzle within the solids laden drilling fluid in the container, the fluid flowing from the at least one nozzle dispersing masses of solids within the drilling fluid material and evacuating from the container with pump apparatus a portion of the drilling fluid and at least a portion of the dispersed solid masses. Preferably, the method further comprises the step of feeding the portion of drilling fluid and portion of solid masses evacuated from the container to shaker apparatus for receiving and processing the drilling fluid and solid masses , and producing with the shaker apparatus a flow of re-usable drilling fluid and disposable separated-out solids .
The present invention also provides a system for facilitating flow of drilling fluid from a container of drilling fluid, the drilling fluid containing solids, the system including pressure nozzle apparatus with at least one nozzle from which is flowable fluid under pressure, and powered translation apparatus to which the pressure nozzle apparatus is connected, the powered translation apparatus for moving the pressure nozzle apparatus generally with respect to the container.
For a better understanding of the present invention, reference will now be made, by way of example, to the accompanying drawings , in which:
Figure 1 is a schematic view of a drilling rig comprising apparatus in accordance with the present invention;
Figure 2A is a schematic top plan view of an apparatus in accordance with the present invention;
Figure 2B is a schematic side cross sectional view of the apparatus shown in Figure 1 , showing further parts ;
Figure 3 is a schematic view of a drilling rig comprising an apparatus in accordance with the present invention; Figure 4 is a side view of a rotation apparatus for use in the apparatus in accordance with the present invention; and
Figure 5 is a top view of the rotation apparatus shown in Figure 4. Referring to Figure 1 , there is shown a mud tank 17 and a mud pit 15 , each has an apparatus 50 in accordance with the present invention for facilitating mud flow and for mixing solids in the mud with drilling fluid. A drilling rig 11 drills a well 13 into a formation 25. A mud pump 33 pumps mud M in a line 36 into the well 13 down a drill string 22, to and through a bit apparatus 23, and then up through an annulus 26 to an exit line 27 which feeds into the mud pit 15. The mud M is pumped by a pump 37 in a line 12 from the mud pit 15 into a mud tank 17 from which the mud pump 33 pumps the mud in a line 35 back to the line 36. Each of the apparatus 50 (either one or which may be deleted) includes a pressure nozzle apparatus 52 ; a rotation apparatus 54 ; and a pressure fluid supply apparatus 56. Optionally, either or both systems 50 can include a translation apparatus 58. These apparatuses 52, 53, 54, 56, and 58 are described below.
Figures 2A and 2B illustrate schematically an apparatus 100, which is interchangeable with the apparatus 50 shown in Figure 1. The apparatus 100 has rotation , translation and control apparatus .
A container 102 contains drilling fluid or mud 104 in which are entrained solids 106 which are relatively easily pumpable from within the container and relatively larger masses or agglomerations of solids 108 some of which settle on a bottom floor 101 of the container 102.
A pressure nozzle apparatus 110 has a main pipe 112 down which fluid (e.g. water, drilling fluid, water and drilling fluid, and/or any of these with fluid additives) is pumped from a pressurized fluid system 120 in a flexible extendable line 122 which is in fluid communication with the main pipe 112.
A nozzle 114 projects downwardly from the main pipe 112 and fluid under pressure exits the nozzle 114 to impact the solids 106 and the masses 108. Optionally, a second downwardly projecting nozzle 116 is spaced-apart from the nozzle 114 and fluid from the main pipe 112 also exits from the nozzle 116 under pressure. Optionally fluid is also pumped through an upwardly-projecting nozzle 118. Optionally fluid is also pumped through a horizontally-projecting nozzle 119, both nozzles 118 and 119 in fluid communication with the main pipe 112.
Any suitable ratchet system, chain system or translation apparatus may be used to move the pressure nozzle apparatus 110 across the container 102. As shown a translation apparatus 130 has an endless chain 132 which engages a toothed gear 111 on a pipe 113 which is connected to the main pipe 112. Fluid is flowable through the pipe 113. A motor 134 moves the chain 132 thereby moving the system 100 from side to side in the container 102. Rotation apparatus 140 rotates the main pipe 112.
Sensors 151 to 155 and 159 within the container 102 and sensor 156 in an input mud line 157 provide signals indicative of mud parameters (e.g. density, composition, viscosity) to a computer system 150 which is in communication with a control system 160 which controls the rotation apparatus 140 and the translation apparatus 130. In response to sensed parameters of the mud in the container, the computer system 150 can direct the control system 160 to maintain or change the speed of rotation of the rotation apparatus 140 or to stop rotation. In response to sensed parameters of the mud in the container the computer system 150 can direct the control system 160 to activate the translation apparatus to move the pressure nozzle apparatus 110 from side-to-side within the container 102 or to a specific location depending on localized fluid parameters within a certain part of the container. In response to sensed parameters of the mud in the container, including its composition, the computer system 150 can provide an alert or warning so that needed additives can be added to the mud.
Figure 3 shows an apparatus in accordance with the present invention in a drilling rig, which is generally similar to the drilling rig shown in Figure 1 and like numerals indicate like parts . The apparatus 50 in the mud tank 17 agitates settled solids 82 on the bottom of the mud tank 17 and a pump system 80 pumps these solids and some drilling fluid in a line 87 to a shaker system 32
(one, two, three, four or more suitable shakers for processing the solids and drilling fluid) . Undesirable solids 44 exit from the top of a screen or screens 38 and are collected in a pit 42 or otherwise further processed. Drilling fluid 34 separated from the solids 44 flows to a tank 39 and is then pumped in a line 88 into line 35 for re-use. The tank 39 and/or the pit 42 may comprise an apparatus in accordance with the present invention, e.g. like the apparatus 50. Instead of or in addition to the shaker system 32 , the solids and drilling fluid in the line 87 may be processed by one or more centrifuges.
In one aspect the pump system 80 includes a centrifugal pump and a 60 horsepower motor to run the pump.
Figures 4 and 5 show a rotation apparatus 200 for rotating a pressure nozzle apparatus 210 which has a main pipe 212 and a nozzle 220. The apparatus 200 is emplaceable on a support over a container by positioning a base 202 on a suitable support. The main pipe 212 extends up within a first outer tubular 204 which is connected to the base 202. A second outer tubular 206 encompasses the tubular 204 and has adjustable screws or bolts 208 to adjust the height of the tubular combination, thereby providing height adjustability for the apparatus 200. The second outer tubular 206 is connected to bracing 214 which supports a plate 216. A motor 218, gear box 222 , and a motor starter 224 are connected to the plate 216. A belt 226 driven by the gear box drives a gear 230 connected to the main pipe 212, thereby rotating the main pipe 212. Fluid for jetting (e.g. water, drilling fluid, drilling fluid and water, or any of these plus additives) flows from a pressurized fluid supply source 240, to and through a coupling 232 , into a pipe 234 and then into the main pipe 212 from which it exits via the nozzle 220.
Supports 236 connected to the plate 216 support a top member 238 through which the coupling 232 passes .
The main pipe 212 is rotatable through a full 360 degrees continuously.

Claims

CLAIMS :
1. An apparatus for facilitating flow of solids laden drilling fluid from a container, the apparatus comprising a pressure nozzle apparatus with at least one nozzle from which is flowable fluid under pressure, powered rotation apparatus connected to the pressure nozzle apparatus for selectively rotating the pressure nozzle apparatus so that the at least one nozzle is rotatable within the solids laden drilling fluid in the container.
2. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 1, further comprising a pressure apparatus to supply fluid under pressure to the at least one nozzle.
3. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 1 or 2 , wherein the container is from the group comprising: mud tank; and mud pit.
4. An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, further comprising powered translation apparatus for moving the pressure nozzle apparatus generally horizontally with respect to the container.
5. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 4, wherein the powered translation apparatus in connected to the pressure nozzle apparatus.
6. An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, further comprising sensor apparatus within the container for sensing at least one parameter of the fluid in the container .
7. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 8 , further comprising a computer system for receiving signals from the sensor apparatus indicative of the at least one parameter, the computer system for directing a control apparatus .
8. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 7 , wherein in said control apparatus controls the speed of rotation of the powered rotation apparatus .
9. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 7 or 8 when dependent on Claim 4 , wherein said control apparatus controls the speed of movement of the powered translation apparatus .
10. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 7, 8 or 9, when dependent on Claim 2 , wherein the control apparatus controls the rate at which the pressurised supply apparatus supplies fluid.
11. An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, further comprising control apparatus for selectively controlling the powered rotation apparatus.
12. An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, further comprising control apparatus for selectively controlling the powered translation apparatus .
13. An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the container has a floor and the nozzle is directed at the floor of the container for moving settled solids from a floor of a container.
14. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 13, further comprising a pump apparatus for evacuating from the container settled solids moved by the pressure nozzle apparatus as well as a portion of the drilling fluid.
15. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 14, further comprising a shale shaker for receiving and processing the settled solids and drilling fluid pumped by the pump apparatus from the container.
16. A method for facilitating flow of drilling fluid from a container, the method comprising the steps of feeding solids laden drilling fluid into a container, flowing fluid under pressure through at least one nozzle of a pressure nozzle apparatus, and rotating the at least one nozzle within the solids laden drilling fluid in the container, the fluid flowing from the at least one nozzle dispersing masses of solids within the drilling fluid material .
17. A method in accordance with Claim 16, wherein the step of rotating the at least one nozzle is carried out selectively.
18. A method in accordance with Claim 15 or 16, wherein the masses of solids include masses of settled out solids on a floor of the container.
19. A method in accordance with Claim 16, 17 or 18, further comprising the step of moving the pressure nozzle apparatus within and in relation to the container.
20. A method in accordance with Claim 19, wherein the pressure nozzle apparatus is moved in a generally horizontal plane within the container.
21. A method in accordance with any of Claims 16 to 20, further comprising the step of sensing with sensor apparatus a parameters of the solids laden drilling fluid and producing a signal indicative of the parameters , a control system receiving the signal and producing a control signal .
22. A method in accordance with Claim 21, wherein the control system comprises a computer.
23. A method in accordance with Claim 21 or 22, wherein said control signal controls the rate of rotation of the at least one nozzle.
24. A method in accordance with any of Claims 21 to 23, wherein the control signal controls movement of the pressure nozzle apparatus within and in relation to the container .
25. A method in accordance with any of Claims 16 to 24, wherein the at least one nozzle is directed at a floor of the container the method further comprising the step of agitating settled solids to facilitate mixing with the drilling fluid.
26. A method in accordance with any of Claims 16 to 25, further comprising the step of evacuating settled solids and a portion of the drilling fluid from close the container using a pump.
27. A method in accordance with Claim 26, further comprising the step of separating the settled solids from the portion of drilling fluid with a shale shaker.
28. A method for recovering usable drilling fluid from solid masses adjacent a floor of a container, the method comprising the steps of moving solid masses adjacent a floor of a container by flowing fluid under pressure through at least one nozzle of a pressure nozzle apparatus, and rotating the at least one nozzle within the solids laden drilling fluid in the container, the fluid flowing from the at least one nozzle dispersing masses of solids within the drilling fluid material and evacuating from the container with pump apparatus a portion of the drilling fluid and at least a portion of the dispersed solid masses .
29. A method in accordance with Claim 28, further comprising the step of feeding the portion of drilling fluid and portion of solid masses evacuated from the container to shaker apparatus for receiving and processing the drilling fluid and solid masses, and producing with the shaker apparatus a flow of re-usable drilling fluid and disposable separated-out solids.
PCT/GB2006/050327 2005-10-19 2006-10-16 Method and apparatus for facilitating flow of solids laden drilling fluid from a container WO2007045921A1 (en)

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