WO2006117922A1 - 磁気共鳴撮影装置 - Google Patents
磁気共鳴撮影装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006117922A1 WO2006117922A1 PCT/JP2006/303247 JP2006303247W WO2006117922A1 WO 2006117922 A1 WO2006117922 A1 WO 2006117922A1 JP 2006303247 W JP2006303247 W JP 2006303247W WO 2006117922 A1 WO2006117922 A1 WO 2006117922A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/44—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
- G01R33/48—NMR imaging systems
- G01R33/54—Signal processing systems, e.g. using pulse sequences ; Generation or control of pulse sequences; Operator console
- G01R33/56—Image enhancement or correction, e.g. subtraction or averaging techniques, e.g. improvement of signal-to-noise ratio and resolution
- G01R33/563—Image enhancement or correction, e.g. subtraction or averaging techniques, e.g. improvement of signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of moving material, e.g. flow contrast angiography
- G01R33/56375—Intentional motion of the sample during MR, e.g. moving table imaging
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/44—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
- G01R33/48—NMR imaging systems
- G01R33/54—Signal processing systems, e.g. using pulse sequences ; Generation or control of pulse sequences; Operator console
- G01R33/56—Image enhancement or correction, e.g. subtraction or averaging techniques, e.g. improvement of signal-to-noise ratio and resolution
- G01R33/563—Image enhancement or correction, e.g. subtraction or averaging techniques, e.g. improvement of signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of moving material, e.g. flow contrast angiography
- G01R33/56375—Intentional motion of the sample during MR, e.g. moving table imaging
- G01R33/56383—Intentional motion of the sample during MR, e.g. moving table imaging involving motion of the sample as a whole, e.g. multistation MR or MR with continuous table motion
Definitions
- the present invention relates to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using a nuclear magnetic resonance, and in particular, using a movable table, has a field of view larger than the imageable area limited in the apparatus.
- MRI magnetic resonance imaging
- the present invention relates to imaging technology.
- the present invention also relates to a method for acquiring apparatus characteristic data necessary for image reconstruction in the imaging technique.
- An MRI system causes nuclear magnetic resonance to occur in hydrogen nuclei contained in a tissue to be examined placed in a static magnetic field space, and obtains a tomographic image of the examination object from the generated nuclear magnetic resonance signal.
- Device Since the area where signals can be acquired with an MRI device is limited to the static magnetic field space, only a relatively narrow area could be captured in the past, but in recent years it has become possible to perform whole-body imaging by moving the table. A new development of screening is beginning.
- Non-Patent Document 1 multi-station imaging
- Patent Document 1 moving table imaging
- Patent Document 2 moving table imaging
- the MRI system captures a wider area (called total F0V) in the limited available area (called sub FOV).
- Multi-station imaging is an imaging method in which the whole body is divided into sub FOVs and the whole images are created by joining these images.
- the shooting at each sub FOV is the same as the normal shooting method, so there is an advantage that it is easy to apply the conventional power shooting technique, but the image is connected at the part where it is joined due to the static magnetic field inhomogeneity and the gradient magnetic field nonlinearity.
- Disadvantages are that the distortion and joints are not smooth, and that shooting is not possible while the table is moving. If the field of view in the table movement direction is narrow, the number of times that the table is moved after interruption is increased, and the shooting time becomes longer, which is a problem.
- the moving table imaging method is an imaging method for acquiring a signal while moving the table, and moving table imaging for imaging a cross section along the moving direction of the table.
- the law requires the lead-out direction to be the direction of table movement, but there is an advantage in that there are no seams, images can be acquired in a short time, and time can be acquired.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2003-135429
- Non-Patent Document 1 Thomas K. F. Foo, Vincent B. Ho, Maureen N. Hood, Hani B. Marcos, Sandra, Hess, and Peter, Choyke, Radiology. 2001: 219: 835—841.
- Non-Patent Document 2 David G. Kruger, Stephen J. Riederer, Roger C. Grimmk, and Phillip J. Rossman, Magn. Reson. Med. 2002: 47: 224-231.
- the force to obtain a seamless image and a short time is required.
- the restriction that the lead-out direction must be the table moving direction causes the sub FOV to move in the moving direction. If it gets narrower, there is a problem that the shooting time increases.
- the shooting time is almost proportional to the number of phase encodes, and is less affected by the number of samples in the frequency encode direction. Therefore, it takes the same time to acquire data for one sub FOV whether the sub FOV is narrow or wide in the table movement direction, and an enlarged field of view is taken when the sub FOV is narrow in the table movement direction. The time will be longer.
- an object of the present invention is to provide an MRI apparatus capable of capturing a total FOV image in a short time even when a sub FOV in the table moving direction is narrow.
- the MRI apparatus of the present invention receives a magnetic resonance signal a plurality of times by applying a gradient magnetic field in the table moving direction while moving the table (moving means), and each time data is acquired, the gradient magnetic field in the table moving direction.
- the application amount (intensity and application time) of is changed.
- the encoding by the gradient magnetic field in the table moving direction is a new encoding (referred to as sliding phase encoding) in which one series of phase encoding is performed at different positions to be inspected.
- the MRI apparatus of the present invention performs measurement of a nuclear magnetic resonance signal (hereinafter referred to as apparatus characteristic measurement) for obtaining the apparatus characteristic, and performs image reconstruction using the measured apparatus characteristic data. Do.
- the measurement of the device characteristic data may be performed separately from the measurement of the nuclear magnetic resonance signal (hereinafter referred to as main imaging) for obtaining the magnetization distribution of the inspection object, or may be performed simultaneously with the main imaging.
- device characteristic measurement is performed by multi-station imaging. That is, the moving means is moved between a plurality of stations, and the apparatus characteristic measurement is executed at each station of the moving means.
- a part of the nuclear magnetic resonance signal measured in the main imaging can also be used as a signal for obtaining device characteristic data.
- Some of the combined nuclear magnetic resonance signals are preferably low-frequency data.
- the MRI apparatus of the present invention can be applied to either a vertical magnetic field type or a horizontal magnetic field type. Since sliding phase encoding can be performed independently of frequency encoding and phase encoding, it can be applied to 2D, 3D, and multi-slice imaging.
- the sliding phase encoding for the sub FO V is correspondingly reduced.
- the time required to encode the unit distance in the table movement direction is almost constant, so that high-speed shooting can be performed regardless of the length of the sub FOV in the table movement direction.
- Figures l (a) and (b) are overviews of the horizontal magnetic field type MRI apparatus and the vertical magnetic field type MRI apparatus, respectively.
- the MRI apparatus of the present invention can be applied to any type of MRI apparatus.
- the horizontal magnetic field type MRI apparatus employs a static magnetic field magnet 101 such as a solenoid type that generates a horizontal static magnetic field, and the subject 103 is carried in the magnet bore while being laid down on the table 301 for imaging. Done.
- a pair of static magnetic field magnets 101 are arranged above and below the space in which the subject 103 is placed, and the subject 103 is carried into the static magnetic field space while being laid down on the table 301.
- the arrow r indicates the direction of table movement.
- the static magnetic field direction coincides with the r direction.
- the moving direction of the table is a direction orthogonal to the static magnetic field direction.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of the MRI apparatus, and the same components as those in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals.
- a static magnetic field space (imaging space) generated by the static magnetic field magnet 101
- a shim coil 112 for increasing the uniformity of the static magnetic field
- a gradient coil 102 for imparting a gradient to the static magnetic field
- an inspection Irradiation coil 107 for generating a high-frequency magnetic field that excites the atomic nucleus (usually proton) that constitutes the target (human) tissue
- reception coil 114 for detecting a nuclear magnetic resonance signal generated from the inspection target Etc.
- the table 301 on which the subject 103 is laid is controlled by the table control device 302, and the subject 103 is carried into the imaging space and moved in the space.
- the table controller 302 can control and monitor the speed and position of the table.
- the shim coil 112, the gradient magnetic field coil 102, the irradiation coil 107, and the reception coil 114 are connected to the shim power source 113, the gradient magnetic field power source 105, the high-frequency magnetic field generator 106, and the receiver 108, respectively.
- the sequencer 104 controls the operation.
- the sequencer 104 performs control such that these devices operate at a timing and intensity (pulse sequence) programmed in advance, and performs control such as starting a pulse sequence in accordance with the drive of the table control device.
- the MRI apparatus also includes a computer 109, a display 110, a storage medium 111, and the like as a signal processing system.
- the high frequency magnetic field generated by the high frequency magnetic field generator 106 is applied to the detection target 103 through the irradiation coil 107.
- a signal generated from the detection target 103 is received by the receiving coil 114 and detected by the receiver 108.
- the nuclear magnetic resonance frequency used as a reference for detection is set by the sequencer 104.
- the detected signal is sent to the computer 109 where signal processing such as image reconstruction is performed.
- image reconstruction calculation unique to moving table imaging described later is performed.
- the processing result of the computer 109 is displayed on the display 110 and recorded on the storage medium 111.
- the storage medium 111 can store a detected signal and measurement conditions as necessary.
- FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the imageable area (sub FOV) in the MRI system and the wide field of view (in this case, the total FOV of the subject), and Fig. 4 shows the procedure for imaging and image reconstruction processing. Show.
- the receiving coil 114 may be a receiving coil fixed in the apparatus or may be a combination of a plurality of coils fixed to the subject, but here it is fixed in the apparatus as shown in FIG. The case where a receiving coil is used will be described.
- the field of view (sub FOV) 304 at the time of signal acquisition can be set arbitrarily, but optimally, it should be set to the same size as the area where a sufficiently large signal can be received. Although the field of view at the time of signal acquisition is limited, the whole body (total F0V) 305 is photographed by moving the table 301 while moving.
- the sliding phase encoding direction is set to the table moving direction.
- the cross section There is no limitation as long as it is a cross-section that includes an axis in the table moving direction, which is either a royal surface or a sagittal surface.
- the lead-out direction is selected in a direction perpendicular to the table moving direction.
- the imaging is performed by step 601 for acquiring device characteristic data 604 such as coil sensitivity, step 602 for acquiring data 605 to be detected, and device characteristic data and verification.
- step 603 for calculating the reconstructed image 606 of the inspection object using the object data.
- step 601 photographing is performed to obtain device characteristic data such as a static magnetic field distribution, an excitation distribution of the irradiation coil 107, and a sensitivity distribution of the receiving coil 114.
- a known method can be used to obtain the excitation distribution and coil sensitivity distribution of the static magnetic field distribution and irradiation coil from the image.
- a static magnetic field distribution can be obtained by acquiring signals having different echo times and detecting a phase difference of signals generated between the acquisition time differences.
- the excitation distribution of the irradiation coil can be obtained by acquiring signals with different irradiation powers and detecting intensity differences.
- the sensitivity distribution can be obtained by comparing image data obtained by a coil having a uniform sensitivity distribution such as a body coil and image data obtained by a coil used at the time of photographing in Step 602.
- image data obtained by a coil having a uniform sensitivity distribution such as a body coil
- uniform phantom image data it will be instrument characteristic data that summarizes the effects of the static magnetic field distribution, excitation distribution, and sensitivity distribution.
- some of the static magnetic field distribution, excitation distribution, and sensitivity distribution are replaced with the device characteristics obtained for the actual subject, so that more accurate device characteristic data can be obtained. You can also get These device characteristic data are used for image reconstruction described later.
- the device characteristic data consists of gradient magnetic field nonlinearity, static magnetic field inhomogeneity, excitation coil excitation distribution, receiver coil sensitivity distribution, and so on.
- gradient magnetic field non-linearity hardly depends on the subject, so there is no need to acquire it every time, and data measured by other measurements such as imaging using a phantom is stored in a storage medium in advance.
- the signal intensity consisting of the signal intensity distribution due to non-uniform static magnetic field, the excitation distribution of the irradiation coil 107, the sensitivity distribution of the reception coil 114, Imaging is performed to obtain device characteristic data relating to the phase.
- the details of the apparatus characteristic measurement step 601 are shown in FIG. As shown in the figure, in this shooting, the table is moved between stations, and the step of performing RF transmission and reception at each station is repeated to obtain image data of each station (step 63 Do in this case).
- the known 2D imaging method or 3D imaging method can be used for the imaging of the device Since the device characteristic data generally changes smoothly, the low-resolution imaging is sufficient, and the imaging time can be shortened.
- the device characteristic data can be obtained by dividing an image obtained at each station by a uniform image of total FOV.
- a uniform image is an image obtained when the coil sensitivity is uniform, and a uniform image of total FOV can be created, for example, by combining the images of each station (steps 632 and 633). ).
- the sub FOV for acquiring device characteristic data is shown in FIG.
- image data is obtained by photographing at each station, a uniform image of total FOV is synthesized from the images obtained at each station. Next, the image obtained at each station is replaced with a uniform image of this total FOV, and the signal intensity distribution due to the static magnetic field inhomogeneity in the positional relationship between the subject and the coil at each station, the excitation distribution of the irradiation coil, Obtain device characteristic data that matches the sensitivity distribution of the receiving coil. In this calculation, if necessary, a low-pass filter is applied to the obtained image, or an area without a subject is masked. This makes it possible to acquire device characteristic data stably against noise.
- the device characteristic data acquired in this manner is data for each station.
- device characteristic data at each position of the subject that continuously changes in the main imaging is required.
- the device characteristic data at the nearest station may be used, but it is preferably created by interpolating the device characteristic data between the stations. Thereby, apparatus characteristic data can be acquired efficiently.
- step (main photographing) 602 for acquiring data to be examined will be described.
- the table is first moved (step 607).
- RF transmission / reception is performed (step 608).
- RF transmission / reception is repeated until the table is moved to cover the total FOV (step 609).
- the data acquisition is terminated (step 610).
- the table movement range to cover the total FOV is the object 103 and the table 103 drawn by the solid line from the subject drawn by the broken line and the position force of the table.
- the range up to position 301 is the movement range to cover the total FOV.
- the table is moved from the front of the moving range as a run-up zone so that data acquisition can be started after the table moving speed becomes constant, and data is acquired at a position where one end of total FOV is the center of the signal acquisition area. Acquisition starts, and data acquisition ends when the other end of the total FOV reaches the center of the signal acquisition area.
- the table position is detected by the table controller 302 and the information is sent to the sequencer.
- FIG. 7 shows an example of a pulse sequence employed in step 608.
- RF represents an excitation radio frequency pulse
- Gs represents a slice selective gradient magnetic field
- Gp represents a sliding phase encoding gradient magnetic field
- Gr represents a readout gradient magnetic field.
- This pulse sequence is similar in appearance to a general 2D gradient echo pulse sequence.
- the force Gp axis coincides with the table movement direction, and the applied amount (intensity and It differs in that a gradient magnetic field is applied by changing the application time.
- such a Gp-axis gradient magnetic field is called a sliding phase encoding gradient magnetic field.
- a dephasing slice gradient magnetic field 203 is applied to a subject to be examined, and a gradient magnetic field applied by a subsequent slice gradient magnetic field 202 is prepared so as to be balanced.
- excitation high frequency pulse 201 is applied simultaneously with slice gradient magnetic field 202 to excite only the desired slice. To do. As a result, only a specific slice generates the magnetic resonance signal 208.
- the rephasing slice gradient magnetic field 204 is applied, and the amount dephased by the slice gradient magnetic field 202 is restored.
- a sliding phase encoding gradient magnetic field 205 is applied.
- the read gradient magnetic field 206 for dephase is applied, and the gradient magnetic field applied by the subsequent read gradient magnetic field 207 is prepared so as to be balanced.
- the reading gradient magnetic field 207 is applied, and the signal is measured when the magnetic resonance signal 208 once attenuated by the dephasing reading gradient magnetic field 206 becomes large again.
- the rephasing sliding phase encoding gradient magnetic field 209 and the rephasing reading gradient magnetic field 210 are applied, the encoding at the time of acquisition of the magnetic resonance signal 208 is restored, and the next excitation high frequency pulse 211 is prepared.
- Excitation is performed with excitation high-frequency pulse 211 after time TR from excitation high-frequency pulse 201, and application of a gradient magnetic field and signal measurement are repeated in the same manner as described above. However, in this repetition, the sliding phase encoding gradient magnetic field 205 and the sliding phase encoding gradient magnetic field 209 are respectively changed to give position information in the sliding phase encoding direction.
- n% N means the remainder when n is divided by N.
- the signal S (n, ky) is obtained by applying the sliding phase encoding in this way.
- ky represents a coordinate in the k space corresponding to the y direction (reading direction).
- S (n, ky) is the signal value at the point ky in the k space of the nth received magnetic resonance signal.
- the signal S (n, ky) is stored in the measurement memory 401 for image reconstruction as measurement data as shown in FIG. 8 (a).
- the image reconstruction calculation is performed using the measurement target measurement data 605 and the device characteristic data 604 obtained in step 601.
- the image reconstruction operation is performed to minimize the sum of the square of the difference between the signal calculated using the magnetic moment distribution (initial value) of the inspection object as a parameter and the actually received signal. Determine the distribution of Details will be described below.
- the measured signal S (n, ky) can be expressed by the following equation (3) using the table position information.
- R is the position of the table movement direction in the coordinate system fixed to the subject
- r ' is the position of the table movement direction in the stationary coordinate system fixed to the whole apparatus
- R (n) is the amount of table movement when the nth magnetic resonance signal is acquired.
- k (n) corresponds to the phase rotation by the sliding phase encoding gradient magnetic field received by the nth magnetic resonance signal, and is defined by the following equation (7). This is shown in the graph in Fig. 9.
- the function wn (r ') represents the magnitude and phase of the signal obtained from the magnitude 1 magnetization at the position r' in the positional relationship between the subject and the coil at the time of acquisition (reception) of the nth signal.
- the function is determined by the distribution of the static magnetic field, the excitation distribution of the RF coil, and the sensitivity distribution of the receiving coil. These are obtained by measuring device characteristic data in step 601.
- the static magnetic field distribution, RF coil excitation distribution, and receiver coil sensitivity distribution are uniform within the signal acquisition area (sub FOV, the length of the table movement direction is FOV sub), and the receiver coil sensitivity is outside the sub FOV.
- w (r ') is a step function as shown in Fig. 10.
- n m (r, y) is the image at the position (r, y) of the subject, that is, the image of the object to be examined.
- M (r, ky) is the inverse Fourier transform of m (r, y) with respect to y. It corresponds to the converted one.
- the signal s (n, y) obtained by Fourier-transforming the signal S (n, ky) in the readout direction is stored in the intermediate memory 402 as shown in Fig. 8 (b).
- This signal S (n, ky) has a series of phase encoding from - ⁇ to ⁇ performed at different positions to be detected. Cannot be solved. Therefore, in the present invention, the hypothetical magnetization distribution m ′ (r, y) is first set as a parameter, and the magnetic resonance signal s ′ (n, y) is expressed by Equation (4) using m ′ (r, y). ) Is calculated.
- Equation (4) it is necessary to know r ', k (n), (l + d (r')), w (r '). Therefore, k (n) can be obtained from Equation (7). Also, (l + d (r ′)) is data representing the non-linearity of the gradient magnetic field and is obtained in advance, and w (r ′) is obtained by measurement in step 601. Therefore, by setting m '(r, y), s' (n, y) can be calculated by equation (4).
- a zero value may be used, or a positioning image obtained by measuring an inspection object with low spatial resolution in advance may be used. In the latter case, the optimization calculation in Eq. (8) can be converged in a short time.
- the procedure for performing such image reconstruction is shown in FIG. 6 (b).
- the magnetization distribution 612 to be inspected as an optimization parameter is initialized (step 611). As described above, if there is zero value or positioning image data, the initial value is used.
- the inspection object data 614 is obtained by calculation according to equation (4) (step 613). Determine whether the mean square error between the inspection target data (calculation data) 614 calculated by calculation and the actually measured inspection target data (measurement data) 6 05 is sufficiently small (step 615).
- the image reconstruction calculation is terminated using the magnetization distribution used in the calculation at that time as the image to be inspected.
- step 615 If it is determined in step 615 that the mean square error is greater than or equal to the set threshold value, for example, the optimization parameter is changed in a direction to reduce the mean square error (step 616), and steps 613 and 615 are repeated.
- the m (r, y) thus obtained is stored in the image memory 403 as shown in FIG. 8 (c).
- imaging is performed by applying sliding phase encoding in the moving direction of the table, and image reconstruction is performed by calculation using the hypothetical magnetization distribution as an optimization parameter.
- image reconstruction is performed by calculation using the hypothetical magnetization distribution as an optimization parameter.
- the pulse sequence shown in FIG. 7 is exemplified as the imaging method.
- phase encoding in the slice direction can be applied to the 3D imaging.
- image reconstruction can be similarly performed only by increasing the position dimension of the signal to be processed.
- step 601 device characteristic data 604 such as coil sensitivity is acquired, and in step 602, data 605 to be examined is acquired. Finally, in step 603, the reconstructed image 606 of the inspection object is converted using the device characteristic data 604 and the inspection object data 605. calculate.
- the sequencer 104 changes the moving speed of the table in accordance with a preset program or by designation from the user. Since the table position at the time of signal acquisition can be grasped by the table controller, if the relationship between the table position and sliding phase encoding is constant as shown in Fig.
- the encoding amount at the time of receiving each signal is determined from that relationship.
- the no sequence is changed so that the number of steps of the sliding phase encoding is increased during the period when the table moving speed is low.
- the application amount of the sliding phase gradient magnetic field 205 and the rephase gradient magnetic field 209 to be changed for each TR is determined by the table position.
- the equation (4) is used using the magnetization distribution m '(r, y) as a parameter. ), The signal s '(r, y) is calculated, and the sum of the squares of the difference between this signal s' (r, y) and the actually measured magnetic resonance signal s (n, y) is minimized.
- a magnetization distribution m (r, y) is obtained in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
- Equation (4) for obtaining the signal s ′ (r, y) the value obtained by the table controller is used as the table movement amount r (n) when the n-th magnetic resonance signal is acquired.
- the magnetization distribution m (r, y) thus determined is stored as image data in the image memory 403 and displayed as a wide-field tomographic image to be examined.
- the present embodiment it is possible to reduce the imaging time for the sub FOV in accordance with the decrease in the imaging area (sub FOV) in the table moving direction as in the first embodiment. As a whole, the shooting time can be long.
- the speed can be made variable, so that it is possible to shoot images that follow the contrast medium in the blood vessels or shoot at a low speed only for the part that you want to capture in detail. Increases freedom.
- the present embodiment is characterized in that the device characteristic data is acquired on the forward path by moving the table back and forth, and the measurement data to be inspected is acquired on the return path.
- Figure 11 shows the flow of shooting in this embodiment.
- step 620 while moving the table by total F0V (step 620), device characteristic data 604 such as the coin sensitivity is acquired (step 621). Device characteristic data 604 is stored in memory. Next, the table is moved in the reverse direction (step 622), and data 605 to be verified is acquired (step 623). Data 605 to be detected is stored in the measurement memory 401. Finally, the reconstructed image 606 of the inspection target is calculated using the device characteristic data 604 and the inspection target data 605 (step 624).
- Step 623 for obtaining data to be examined and step 624 for calculating a reconstructed image are the same as in the first or second embodiment.
- the sliding phase encoding is performed based on the relationship between the table position information at the time of signal acquisition determined from the table moving speed and the sliding phase encoding amount shown in FIG. 9 as in the first embodiment.
- the hypothetical signal value is obtained using the table position information at the time of signal acquisition determined from the table moving speed.
- the signal obtained from the table controller is obtained by determining the sliding phase encoding amount and the pixel position of the signal. Use table position information.
- the device characteristic data and the data to be inspected are obtained by one round trip of the table (exiting into and out of the normal device). Therefore, if the time spent for the entire inspection is shortened, the effect can be obtained.
- the device characteristic data (function w in Equation (4)) is not an ideal system value as shown in Fig. 10.
- this data can be used as an optimization parameter (m '(r, y)) for image reconstruction calculation. Can be shortened.
- step 602 device characteristic data 604 such as coil sensitivity is acquired at step 601 and then data 605 to be inspected is acquired at step 602. Finally, in step 603, the reconstructed image 606 of the inspection object is calculated using the device characteristic data 604 and the inspection object data 605. However, in this embodiment, 3D shooting is adopted as the shooting method in step 602.
- FIG. 12 shows an example of a pulse sequence employed in the present embodiment.
- RF is the excitation high frequency pulse
- Gs is the slice selective gradient magnetic field
- Gp is the sliding phase gradient magnetic field
- Gr is the readout gradient magnetic field.
- This no-less sequence is similar in force to a general 3D gradient echo pulse sequence.
- the Gp axis coincides with the direction of table movement
- the sliding phase encode axis and the Gs axis is the phase encode code. It differs in that it is an axis.
- the slice gradient magnetic field for dephasing 203 is applied to the inspection target, and the gradient magnetic field applied by the subsequent slice gradient magnetic field 202 is prepared so as to be balanced.
- an excitation high-frequency pulse 201 is applied simultaneously with the slice gradient magnetic field 202 to excite only a desired slice. As a result, only a specific slice generates the magnetic resonance signal 208.
- the slice gradient magnetic field 204 for reference is applied, and the amount dephased by the slice gradient magnetic field 202 is restored.
- a phase encoding gradient magnetic field 215 and a sliding phase encoding gradient magnetic field 205 are applied.
- the read gradient magnetic field 206 for dephase is applied, and the gradient magnetic field applied by the subsequent read gradient magnetic field 207 is prepared so as to be balanced.
- the reading gradient magnetic field 207 is applied, and the signal is measured when the magnetic resonance signal 208 once attenuated by the dephasing reading gradient magnetic field 206 becomes larger again.
- a phase encoding gradient magnetic field 216 for rephase, a sliding phase encoding gradient magnetic field 209 for rephase, and a reading gradient magnetic field 210 for rephase are applied, and the encoding at the time of acquisition of the magnetic resonance signal 208 is restored to prepare the excitation high-frequency pulse 211.
- Excitation is performed with excitation high-frequency pulse 211 after time TR from excitation high-frequency pulse 201, and application of a gradient magnetic field and signal measurement are repeated in the same manner as described above. During this iteration, for example If the sliding phase encoding gradient magnetic field 205 and the rephasing sliding phase encoding gradient magnetic field 209 are kept constant, the phase encoding gradient magnetic field 215 and the rephasing phase encoding gradient magnetic field 216 are sequentially changed to measure one series of phase encoding signals.
- the matrix size in the table movement direction, Ns, represents the number of phase encodings in the slice direction.
- the measured signal S (n, kx, ky) can be expressed by the following equation (10) using the position information of the table.
- R (n) is the amount of table movement when the nth magnetic resonance signal is acquired.
- k (n) corresponds to the phase rotation received by the magnetic resonance signal by the nth sliding phase encoding gradient magnetic field and is defined by the above equation (7). It becomes the same as the graph shown in.
- the function w ′) is a function obtained by measuring device characteristic data.
- the measured signal S (n, kx, ky) is stored in the measurement memory 401 as shown in FIG. 13, and S (n, kx, ky) is converted into the slice direction (X direction) and the readout direction.
- the signal s (n, x, y) Fourier-transformed in the (y direction) is stored in the intermediate memory 402.
- Image reconstruction is performed by obtaining m (r, x, y).
- a zero value may be used as the hypothetical magnetization distribution m ′ (r, x, y), or a positioning image obtained by measuring the inspection object in advance with a low spatial resolution may be used. Good.
- the obtained 3D image data is stored in the image memory 403, and as a tomographic image of a predetermined cross section, If necessary, the image is displayed after image processing such as projection or volume rendering.
- the visual field as a volume just by expanding the visual field on a plane. Taking a volume with the method of enlarging the field of view of the plane requires the table to be moved back and forth, which is uncomfortable for patients with poor efficiency, but in 3D imaging, imaging is completed with a single table movement. The volume can be shot comfortably.
- the table moving speed can be made variable as necessary.
- the table may be reciprocated to acquire device characteristic data on the forward path and measure data to be inspected on the return path.
- the imaging is performed separately from the main imaging when acquiring the apparatus characteristic data.
- the apparatus characteristic data can also be acquired simultaneously with the main imaging.
- a method for acquiring apparatus characteristic data at the same time as main imaging will be described with reference to FIG. 14 and FIG.
- the configuration of the apparatus is the same as that of the first embodiment described above.
- the device characteristic data acquisition and the main photographing are simultaneously performed in the first step (625), and the device characteristic data is obtained in the next step.
- the reconstructed image of the inspection object is calculated using the inspection object data (626).
- the low-frequency data measured densely is cut out, and first the origin correction is performed (Fig. 15, step 641). Since the main image capturing is performed without moving the table position, the origin position is different in each signal acquisition. Origin position Different positions mean that the offset value of the gradient magnetic field is shifted. The correction of the origin position is a correction that corrects such a deviation in the offset value of the gradient magnetic field, and the exp (_r tab!
- Equation (13) includes a nonlinear term of the gradient magnetic field, but when the nonlinearity of the gradient magnetic field is negligible, exp (-r (n) k (n)) is used as the signal. It ’s all over. Processing in that case
- zero-filling the high-frequency data is performed to fill the k-space and create k-space data for the low-pass image of ⁇ (step 642 ).
- a low-pass image at one tape position can be obtained by Fourier transforming this k-space data (step 643).
- the FOV differs for each data acquisition, so image reconstruction by Fourier transform is usually not possible.
- the table FOV with little change in position Since the FOV does not change so much, it is possible to reconstruct the image by Fourier change approximately as long as the original position of each data is corrected.
- This low-pass image can be obtained for each loop of sliding phase encoding, and device characteristic data can be created using the low-pass image data at each position in the same manner as in the first embodiment. That is, device characteristic data can be obtained by dividing each low-pass image data by the total FOV uniform image data. Overall device characteristic data is created by interpolation from the device characteristic data obtained at each position (644). The interval between the positions where device characteristic data can be acquired is determined by the number of sliding phase encoding loops. The narrower the interval, that is, the denser the acquisition position of each image for acquiring device characteristic data, the more accurate the creation of a uniform image and the interpolation of device characteristic data. In this embodiment, the interval between acquisition positions can be narrowed by slowing the table movement speed or by making the sliding phase encoding step sparse and increasing the sliding phase encoding loop as shown in Fig. 16 (a). it can.
- the number of signal acquisition times increases, and thus the imaging time of the main imaging increases.
- the number of signal acquisitions can be reduced by increasing the sliding phase encoding step, for example, by 2 each in the high frequency range.
- Fig. 16 (b) shows the change in the amount of sliding phase encoding
- Fig. 18 shows the SPE data obtained by shooting using such a sliding phase encoding step.
- the calculation method for reconstructing an image using the device characteristic data acquired in this way and the image data acquired at the same time is the same as that in the first embodiment.
- the overall imaging time can be shortened.
- the apparatus characteristic measurement 601 is performed prior to the main photographing 602, and the image reconstruction 603 is performed using the apparatus characteristic data.
- the first embodiment shown in FIG. Is the same. However, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 19, since the coil 114 is fixed to the subject 103, the coil 114 moves with the movement of the subject (table 301), and a plurality of images are taken to capture the total FOV. Switch the coil for use. When switching multiple coils, you can use multiple coils at the same time.
- the signal obtained by such imaging is used to distinguish the signal obtained from each coil.
- a dimension corresponding to the coil number is added, and image reconstruction applying Formula (8) is executed.
- the signal S (n, ky c) obtained from the c-th coil is expressed by the following equation (15).
- device characteristic data acquisition 601 device characteristic data w (n, c r ′) shown in Expression (15) is obtained for each coil.
- device characteristic data w (n, c r ′) shown in Expression (15) is obtained for each coil.
- both the static magnetic field distribution and the excitation coil excitation distribution have a uniform region force.
- the station should be covered so as to cover the sensitivity region of the receiving coil by one or more imaging. Set. By cutting out and joining uniform areas from this imaging result, it is possible to create an image of the entire sensitivity area of the receiving coil when the static magnetic field and irradiation are uniform.
- the image 1601b of the region where the static magnetic field and the irradiation are uniform in the image 1602 of the second station, the magnetostatic field and the irradiation are uniform.
- the sensitivity distribution of the c-th coil can be obtained by representing an image representing this sensitivity distribution with a uniform image 1600 created using a normal multi-station imaging method.
- the image 1603 shows the image obtained with the c-th coil, whereby the remaining device characteristics, that is, the static magnetic field non-uniformity and the irradiation coil excitation distribution, can be obtained.
- the remaining device characteristics that is, the static magnetic field non-uniformity and the irradiation coil excitation distribution
- the device characteristic data w ( ⁇ ′) for the c-th coil can be obtained by multiplying the receiving coil sensitivity distribution, the static magnetic field inhomogeneity, and the irradiation coil excitation distribution.
- device characteristic data w (r ') including sensitivity distribution is obtained for all coils.
- the step of acquiring the inspection target data 605 and the step of calculating the inspection target reconstructed image 606 using the device characteristic data and the inspection target data are as described above. This can be performed in the same manner as in the embodiment. Also in this case, the apparatus characteristic data obtained at each position may be interpolated, or the apparatus characteristic data at the nearest position may be used for image reconstruction.
- a method for acquiring device characteristic data simultaneously with main imaging using a coil fixed to a subject will be described.
- the same imaging as in the fifth embodiment is performed, and in obtaining the device characteristic data, the signal obtained from the c-th coil is set to S (n, ky, c) as in the sixth embodiment.
- S (n, ky, c) is considered separately.
- the configuration of the apparatus is the same as that of the sixth embodiment described above.
- the photographing procedure is to simultaneously acquire the device characteristic data and the main photographing at step 625, and at step 626, use the device characteristic data 604 and the inspection target data 605.
- the reconstructed image 606 to be examined is calculated.
- the device characteristic data is acquired for each coil as in the sixth embodiment.
- Fig. 20 shows the force indicating the coinole position in the multi-station.
- the center position (low ⁇ to ⁇ ) of the first loop of sliding phase encoding when the sliding phase encoding step is set (low)
- the position when the frequency component is acquired) is the first shooting position in FIG. 20
- the center position of the second loop (the position when acquiring the low frequency component) is the second shooting position in FIG.
- the method for reconstructing the heel image by cutting out the low-frequency data from the SPE data is the same as in the fifth embodiment.
- the low-frequency data is obtained from the images obtained by executing the first loop and the second loop. Cut out the area data, correct the origin, zero-fill the high area data, perform a Fourier transform, and reconstruct the image.
- a uniform image is created from each image thus reconstructed.
- a uniform image may be obtained by adding the images together, cutting out only a uniform portion, or using a multi-station image in advance.
- Device characteristic data is obtained from the images of the coils thus obtained and the created uniform image in the same manner as in the sixth embodiment. That is, first, the sensitivity distribution of the c-th coil is obtained by dividing the image obtained by combining the images at the respective acquisition positions with respect to the c-th coil by the uniform distribution image. Next, device characteristics other than the sensitivity distribution at each acquisition position can be obtained by dividing the image at each acquisition position with the image obtained by combining the images at the acquisition positions for the c-th coil.
- ⁇ Image 1602> ⁇ ⁇ Image 1603 including the effect of sensitivity distribution only> ⁇ Device characteristics at acquisition position 2>
- the device characteristic data obtained at each acquisition position may be interpolated, or the device characteristic data at the nearest acquisition position may be used for image reconstruction.
- the image is reconstructed from the signal obtained by the actual photographing and the signal calculated using the device characteristic data, as in the above-described embodiment.
- FIG. 21 the lower figure (b) shows the two-dimensional image to be inspected, and the upper figure (a) shows the one-dimensional profile obtained by projecting the image onto the r-axis.
- the r-axis and y-axis in Fig. (B) are axes indicating position, and the scale is set so that the pixel size is 1. Further, the vertical axis of the profile shown in FIG.
- the inspection object has multiple slits.
- the left edge and center slit width force pixels, and on the right side of each, there is an enlarged slit of 1 pixel wide.
- the area shown in white is the area where the object to be examined exists, and there is an area where the object to be examined does not exist.
- the r-axis direction is the table moving direction
- the sliding phase encoding is performed in this direction
- the y-axis direction perpendicular to the table moving direction is the readout direction.
- the r-axis direction is the direction of table movement
- this direction is the readout direction
- the y-axis direction perpendicular to the table movement direction is sliding phase encoding.
- the direction. [0090] Fig. 22 shows a reconstructed image obtained by the conventional moving table method, Fig. 23 shows a reconstructed image obtained by the first embodiment, and Fig.
- FIG. 24 shows a reconstructed image obtained by the fifth embodiment.
- a composition image is shown.
- the scales in Fig. 22 to Fig. 24 are the same as in Fig. 21, and the pixel size is set to 1.
- the SNR of the first embodiment is 60, which is equivalent to the conventional method.
- the present embodiment enables the photographing with the same image quality as the conventional method and the wide field of view. Similar results were obtained for other embodiments.
- approximate device characteristic data can be acquired in a relatively short time by the method of the present invention.
- the device characteristic data is acquired at the same time, there is no increase in the overall shooting time.
- extra time is required for taking in and out the table and shooting time, but high-resolution images are not required to acquire device characteristic data, so shooting takes a short time.
- the total shooting time is 1001 times longer than the actual shooting.
- the total shooting time is twice or less, and in the method of acquiring device characteristics simultaneously, the shooting time is only one time, that is, only the shooting time of main shooting.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an overview of an MRI apparatus to which the present invention is applied, in which (a) shows a horizontal magnetic field type apparatus and (b) shows a vertical magnetic field type apparatus.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a configuration example of an MRI apparatus to which the present invention is applied.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a procedure for shooting a moving table according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 Diagram showing the relationship between the sub FOV for acquiring device characteristic data and the sub FOV for actual imaging
- FIG. 6 A diagram showing a procedure of actual photographing according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 7 shows an example of a pulse sequence used for moving table imaging.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing another procedure for moving table imaging by the MRI apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing another example of a pulse sequence used for moving bed imaging.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing signals and processing results used for image reconstruction in 3D imaging.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example of a procedure for shooting a moving table according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an apparatus characteristic data acquisition procedure according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 (a) and (b) are diagrams showing the relationship between the sliding phase encoding and the table position in the modification of the fifth embodiment, respectively.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing another example of the procedure according to the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing SPE data obtained in another example of the procedure according to the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram showing the relationship between the object to be examined and the coil in the sixth and seventh embodiments.
- FIG. 20 illustrates coil positions in apparatus characteristic measurement according to the sixth and seventh embodiments.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing an inspection object.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram showing a reconstructed image obtained by a conventional moving table imaging method.
- FIG. 23 shows a reconstructed image according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram showing a reconstructed image of the inspection object in FIG. 21 according to the fifth embodiment.
- Sono 25 Comparison of shooting time between the conventional method and the present invention.
- 101 Magnet generating static magnetic field, 102 'Gradient magnetic field coil, 103' 'Target to be detected, 10 4' Sequencer, 105 ⁇ 'Gradient magnetic field power supply, 106 ⁇ High frequency magnetic field generator, 107 ⁇ Irradiation coil, 108 ⁇ Receiver, 109 ⁇ “Calculator, 110 ⁇ Display, 111 ⁇ ” Storage medium, 112 ⁇ "Table, 302 ⁇ " Table control unit.
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Abstract
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EP06714387A EP1884190A1 (en) | 2005-04-28 | 2006-02-23 | Magnetic resonance imaging apparatus |
US11/912,763 US7701214B2 (en) | 2005-04-28 | 2006-02-23 | Magnetic resonance imaging apparatus |
JP2007514478A JP4610611B2 (ja) | 2005-04-28 | 2006-02-23 | 磁気共鳴撮影装置 |
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WO2007122854A1 (ja) * | 2006-04-19 | 2007-11-01 | Hitachi Medical Corporation | 磁気共鳴撮影装置 |
DE102007004620A1 (de) * | 2007-01-30 | 2008-08-07 | Siemens Ag | Verbessertes dreidimensionales schichtselektives Mehrschicht-Anregungsverfahren in der MRT-Bildgebung |
WO2009151041A1 (ja) * | 2008-06-09 | 2009-12-17 | 株式会社 日立メディコ | 磁気共鳴イメージング装置および撮影パラメータ設定支援方法 |
WO2010110384A1 (ja) * | 2009-03-26 | 2010-09-30 | 国立大学法人九州大学 | 計測装置および計測方法 |
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JP4901627B2 (ja) * | 2007-07-24 | 2012-03-21 | 株式会社日立メディコ | 磁気共鳴撮影装置 |
JP2010207568A (ja) * | 2009-02-10 | 2010-09-24 | Toshiba Corp | 磁気共鳴イメージング装置 |
DE102009014903B4 (de) * | 2009-03-25 | 2012-01-12 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Magnetresonanz-Projektionsangiographie mit kontinuierlicher Tischverschiebung |
DE102011005445B4 (de) * | 2011-03-11 | 2014-10-09 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Normalisierung von Magnetresonanzbilddaten bei bewegtem Tisch |
DE102011005649B4 (de) * | 2011-03-16 | 2013-07-04 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Bestimmung des tatsächlichen Kippwinkels und Justierung der Transmitterspannung bei der MR-Bildgebung eines kontinuierlich verfahrenen Untersuchungsobjekts |
DE102012217262B4 (de) * | 2012-09-25 | 2023-10-26 | Siemens Healthcare Gmbh | Verfahren zur automatischen Magnetresonanz-Bildgebung und Magnetresonanzanlage |
US10222442B2 (en) * | 2013-04-18 | 2019-03-05 | National Taiwan University | Method and apparatus for single carrier wideband magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data acquisition |
CN110678769B (zh) * | 2017-06-07 | 2023-05-16 | 波士顿大学基金会 | 改善mri机器的操作的设备和对检体进行磁共振成像的方法 |
EP4041074A4 (en) | 2019-10-08 | 2023-11-08 | Trustees of Boston University | NONLINEAR AND INTELLIGENT METAMATERIALS USEFUL FOR MODIFYING RESONANCE FREQUENCIES |
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US7701214B2 (en) | 2010-04-20 |
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