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WO2006075264A1 - Dispositif de traitement de signaux et systeme audio et procede d'amplification en fonction de la frequence du niveau sonore des signaux audio - Google Patents

Dispositif de traitement de signaux et systeme audio et procede d'amplification en fonction de la frequence du niveau sonore des signaux audio Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006075264A1
WO2006075264A1 PCT/IB2006/050040 IB2006050040W WO2006075264A1 WO 2006075264 A1 WO2006075264 A1 WO 2006075264A1 IB 2006050040 W IB2006050040 W IB 2006050040W WO 2006075264 A1 WO2006075264 A1 WO 2006075264A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sig
audio signal
frequency
sound level
amplification
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2006/050040
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English (en)
Inventor
Paul Ullmann
Original Assignee
Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. filed Critical Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
Priority to JP2007550887A priority Critical patent/JP2008527882A/ja
Publication of WO2006075264A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006075264A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F3/68—Combinations of amplifiers, e.g. multi-channel amplifiers for stereophonics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers
    • H03F2200/39—Different band amplifiers are coupled in parallel to broadband the whole amplifying circuit

Definitions

  • Signal processing arrangement and audio system for and method of frequency-dependent amplifying of the sound level of audio signals
  • the invention relates to a method of frequency-dependent amplification of the sound level of audio signals.
  • the invention furthermore relates to a signal processing arrangement for implementing such a method.
  • the invention furthermore relates to an audio system with such a signal processing arrangement.
  • the auditory threshold in humans is known to be a function of frequency, with the range of greatest sensitivity for the human ear lying at a frequency of approximately 300 Hz to 3 kHz. At low frequencies, the auditory threshold is relatively high (a high sound pressure is necessary), and at higher frequencies in turn it shows a slight rise - until abruptly the upper audibility limit is reached, which in younger people lies at around 18 kHz and declines with increasing age.
  • This loudness function fundamentally already yields an improvement in the acoustic pattern, but is far from capable of creating a perfect or near-perfect acoustic pattern for the user.
  • the problem lies in the fact that the sound level of the high and lower sounds are respectively altered by a fixed, pre-determined amount, through which in turn no optimum authenticity of the acoustic pattern is achieved.
  • Method for frequency-dependent amplifying of the sound level of an audio signal in which method the audio signal is divided, at least in a certain frequency range, into a number of frequency bands, and a particular auditory threshold is specified for each frequency band, and for each frequency band the sound level of the audio signal in the frequency band is compared with the respective specified auditory threshold, and the audio signal in those frequency bands in which the sound level lies just below the respective auditory threshold is amplified in such a way that the sound level of the amplified signal in these frequency bands lies above the auditory threshold.
  • a signal processing arrangement has means for implementing such a method.
  • an audio system has a signal processing arrangement, as mentioned above.
  • a frequency-dependent auditory threshold of a user is taken into account, and a selective amplification of the audio signals takes place in particular frequency ranges that depend on the respective auditory threshold, through which the user is provided with a considerably better acoustic pattern than in the case of the familiar loudness function described above, in which amplification takes place only in the fixed, pre-determined frequency ranges.
  • the audio signal may be split into frequency bands only in one particular frequency range or in several frequency ranges of the audible spectrum, and amplification takes place if necessary. But for an optimally amplified audio signal, it is advantageous if essentially the overall audible range of the spectrum is split into corresponding frequency bands and corresponding amplification takes place.
  • an audio signal is then amplified above the auditory threshold when it lies "just" below the respective auditory threshold.
  • the feature of claim 2 are furthermore provided.
  • the measures of claim 3 are realized. Through these measures, considerably optimized amplification can take place, since for the various frequency bands, individual amplification takes place, corresponding to the respective sound level of the audio signal and taking into account the auditory threshold.
  • the measures of claim 5 are furthermore provided.
  • the measures of claim 8 and in particular of claim 9 are furthermore provided, through which, whilst the overall characteristic continues to correspond to the "new" amplified acoustic pattern of the audio signal, through the even reduction the overall sound level of the "new” audio signal is reduced.
  • a standardization of the "new" audio signal to approximately the original sound level takes place, through which the sound levels of the original and of the new, modified audio signal hardly differ, or do not differ at all.
  • the measures of claim 11 are furthermore provided. According to these measures, the audio signal is amplified only when the sound event shows a lower sound level than the original sound level of the original sound event, whilst amplification is not necessary in the case of the original sound level or above.
  • a typical auditory threshold for a user can be specified.
  • the method according to this invention can be adapted particularly well and individually to a user if the measures of claim 12 are provided.
  • the measures of claim 12 are provided.
  • each channel of the audio signal is amplified separately.
  • the measures of claim 13 are provided, since then besides each channel of the audio signal, the respective relevant individual auditory threshold of the user is also taken into account for this channel.
  • the auditory threshold can be best established in that finally the measures of claim 14 are provided.
  • the measures of claim 17 are realized.
  • the overall invention can be realized in a compact manner in a single system, and no separate components are necessary.
  • Figure 1 shows, schematically, the progression of the auditory threshold as a function of frequency for a young person with normal hearing.
  • Figure 2 shows typical progressions of auditory thresholds for different people as a function of frequency in a range of 1 kHz - 6 kHz.
  • Figure 3 shows, schematically, the relations between auditory threshold, signal level (volume) and the resulting threshold value for a channel of an audio signal, on the basis of a simplified example.
  • Figure 4 shows an example progression of the additional amplification of an audio signal according to the invention.
  • Figure 5 shows an example of the progression of the maximum permitted amplification of an audio signal as a function of the current sound level of the audio signal.
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic block diagram of an audio system according to the invention.
  • Figure 1 shows schematically the progression of the auditory threshold as a function of frequency for a young person with normal hearing, as has already been discussed in the introduction. Sound pressure p[dB] is shown as a function of frequency f [Hz].
  • the conventional loudness function does not take into account: a) the actual auditory threshold of a user, in particular not this auditory threshold as a function of frequency (see for example Figure 1); b) differences in the auditory threshold between the right and left ears of a user; c) the current absolute sound pressure to which each of the user's ears is exposed; d) the different spectral components of the sound.
  • the auditory threshold varies with time, in other words with the age of the user, as well as between the left and right ear.
  • Other influences that affect the auditory threshold are genetic predispositions and/or noise that acts on a user over a longer period of time.
  • sensitivity in the ears starts to decrease earlier in men than in women, which can be explained by, amongst other things, the fact that men are more often employed at noisy workplaces.
  • the range of dispersion of the individual values is very high.
  • Similar considerations apply for the differences between a user's left and right ears. In the case of young, healthy people, both ears are of a similar sensitivity, but differences between the ears can develop over time.
  • the auditory thresholds for the left and right ears can differ by up to 10 dB - 20 dB in a middle-aged person.
  • the sound correction For a correction that is as true to reality as possible, it would be necessary to carry out the sound correction on the basis of the absolute sound pressure, which in turn depends on the source signal, possibly the bass and treble amplification, the settings of the sound processor - for example for Surround-Sound -, as well as on the loudspeaker efficiency, the distance of the loudspeakers from the listener, the acoustic situation in the room (reflections increase the SPL), etc. Furthermore, one must for example also take into account whether the listener is using headphones.
  • the disadvantages described above can now be largely or overallly avoided, in that in the case of the amplification of an audio signal, the individual auditory threshold of a person is taken into account, and a selective amplification of the audio signals takes place in particular frequency ranges that depend on the respective auditory threshold, thus resulting in a considerably better acoustic pattern for the user than in the case of the familiar loudness function described above, where amplification takes place only in fixed, predetermined frequency ranges.
  • audio system is to be understood as meaning any system or device for reproducing audio signals, in particular also audio/video systems (A/V systems).
  • A/V systems audio/video systems
  • Such an audio system SYS is shown in more detail, by way of an example, in Figure 6.
  • Th(f) individual auditory threshold of a person with headphones or loudspeakers, in relation to a particular channel (left, right, surround, ...) for a particular frequency f (or for a particular frequency band around the frequency f), in relation to the (random) dB scale of the audio or audio-video system, wherein the effects of the volume control are also taken into account.
  • Sig(f) signal level (spectral energy) of the audio signal (for this particular channel) after volume control at the frequency f or in a frequency band around the frequency f on the dB scale of the audio or audio-video system.
  • MA maximum permitted amplification in dB (for example amplification "Off, 10 dB, 20 dB, 30 dB).
  • the resulting threshold value Th(f) + ML represents the maximum signal strength of the audio signal Sig(f) that is still amplified (this variable defines the so-called "fade-out point", at which the additional amplification becomes zero).
  • Amp(f) ... additional (uncorrected) amplification of the audio signal (for one channel) in the frequency band defined by the frequency f.
  • AmpC(f) ... additional, corrected amplification of the audio signal (for one channel) at the frequency f or in the frequency band defined by the frequency f .
  • the invention is based on the fact that for the frequency- dependent amplification of the sound level of an audio signal Sig(f), this audio signal Sig(f) is divided into a number n of frequency bands fl ...flO, and for each frequency band fl ...f 10 a particular auditory threshold Th(f) is specified. Furthermore, for each frequency band fl...fl ⁇ , the sound level is compared with the respective specified auditory threshold Th(fl)...Th(flO), and the audio signal is amplified in those frequency bands in which the sound level lies close to the respective auditory threshold.
  • Figure 3 now shows the progression of the audio signal Sig(f) as a function of frequency f for the illustrated channel of the audio system, that is to say the current spectrum of this channel Sig(f) without amplification as a function of frequency f.
  • the frequency f is entered in a range between 20 Hz and 20 kHz on a logarithmic scale. Entered on the y axis is the signal level or the spectral energy (volume per frequency unit).
  • Figure 3 also shows the individual auditory threshold Th(f) of a user as a function of frequency f for this channel.
  • the frequency bands are kept denser in those frequency ranges in which the human ear reacts most sensitively, in other words between approximately 200 Hz and 3 kHz. Above 3 kHz and below 200 Hz, the frequency bands can, for expedience, be selected somewhat broader.
  • a decomposition could be provided into such narrow frequency bands that de facto a frequency band consists only of one concrete frequency.
  • This situation in other words that in the case of quite concrete frequencies a comparison of Sig(f) and of the auditory threshold Th(f) takes place, and possibly an amplification, is also included in the formulation "frequency band".
  • a "frequency band” actually comprises a range of frequencies and not just one frequency.
  • the division of the audio signal Sig(f) into frequency ranges fl...fl ⁇ takes place either as mentioned above in the digital signal processor DSP of the audio system SYS (see Figure 6) or, if for example we are dealing with compressed audio signals, these are already present in a corresponding form.
  • Figure 3 furthermore shows a continuous progression of the individual auditory threshold Th(f) - usually however this progression is already present in the quantized form Th(fl) ... Th(flO), which is likewise shown, which already results for example through determination of the auditory threshold for a user for one channel, as is explained in greater detail below.
  • the term "close” in relation to the auditory threshold Th(f) is to be understood such that essentially an amplification takes place in those frequency ranges f where the signal Sig(f) lies below the auditory threshold Th(f) by at most a value MA for the maximum amplification.
  • an amplification is also provided of those signals Sig(f) whose value lies directly on the auditory threshold Th(f) or "close” above it.
  • the window defined by the term “close” can likewise be limited by the value MA, so that in principle the term “close” can be characterized in that the value of Sig(f) lies roughly between Th(f) - MA and Th(f) + MA.
  • the upper value for "close” can be defined still better by the threshold value ML, as is explained in greater detail below.
  • a variable is provided - in this case the threshold value ML. If the signal level Sig(f) is equal to or more than ML over the auditory threshold, there is no amplification for this signal band. Shown in Figure 3 is the quantized progression of the resulting threshold value Th(f) + ML, above which no further amplification of the audio signal Sig(f) takes place.
  • Amp(f) (Th(f) + ML - Sig(f)) * MA/(ML+MA) for Sig(f) ⁇ Th(f) +ML
  • Amp(f) 0 for Sig(f) > Th(f) +ML.
  • the progression of the uncorrected amplified signal is shown on the logarithmic scale of Figure 3 as Sig(f) + Amp(f).
  • variant ⁇ The progression of the uncorrected amplification Amp(f) before the concluding standardization step described below is shown in Figure 4 as variant ⁇ .
  • the amplification lies, depending on the value for Sig(f) at the auditory threshold Th(f), at the value MA, and at the resulting threshold value Th(f) + ML (as well as for values of Sig(f) over this resulting threshold value) at zero.
  • the parameter ML is thus a function of the perceived spectral energy of the original signal, that is to say of the signal without amplification according to the invention.
  • an audio signal which for example is located close to or below the auditory threshold in the case of all frequencies, is not amplified, so that silent or quiet passages in a piece of music, or a break between two pieces of music, are not amplified or only weakly amplified.
  • the overall spectral energy SE of the audio signal for the channel shown, and thus the resulting sound level of this channel, is the difference between Sig(f) and Th(f), totaled up over all frequency bands
  • the value for SE is shown in Figure 3 by the hatched area.
  • the amplification is further standardized to the effect that the overall spectral energy that is perceived by a user is roughly the same before and after amplification, in that the amplified signal is reduced by the same value in all frequency bands.
  • AmpC(f) Amp(f) + SE - SEU, wherein
  • the amplified, corrected signal then results as Sig(f) + AmpC(f).
  • the gradient is derived directly from the value MA, instead of making the gradient dependent on ML, as described above, and the amplification for signal values above Th(f) + ML once again becomes zero.
  • the listener must define the "original sound level" himself.
  • advantageously he will be played a loud passage (without spectral processing) and will set the volume controller such that the auditory impression appears authentic to him.
  • the loud passage can be found by the audio system, for example in the familiar manner of a peak search or through a faster algorithm.
  • the passage should be only relatively loud, in order to facilitate a reliable choice of the authentic sound level. It must however not be the absolutely loudest place.
  • the value set by the user for the original sound level VoI(OL) is stored by the audio system SYS.
  • Figure 5 now shows the parameter MA for the maximum permitted amplification as a function of current sound level VoI which is reproduced by the audio system SYS.
  • the maximum possible amplification MA becomes zero; at lower volume the maximum amplification MA increases up to a predetermined maximum value MAmax.
  • Figure 5 shows a possible course of a curve for this rise.
  • a central point in the case of the present invention is the consideration of the auditory threshold Th(f) as a function of frequency f.
  • a typical progression for the auditory threshold Th(f) could be specified. It is however much more favorable to take into account an auditory threshold Th(f) that has been determined individually for a user.
  • the auditory threshold can be determined independently of the individual channels of the audio system SYS; although it is considerably more favorable - since clearly better acoustic results are achieved - if the auditory threshold Th(f) for a user is established for all channels of the audio system, and the amplification is carried out according to the invention separately for all channels.
  • the determination of the auditory threshold can preferably be undertaken by the user (for example at home) with the audio system SYS.
  • the user is at the place where he will later prefer to listen.
  • the effect of the room acoustics, acoustic shadowing and distance between user and loudspeaker system feed into the threshold values that are determined.
  • the determination of the auditory threshold is briefly explained in greater detail.
  • a series of test sounds is played to the user. The user must respond to these test sounds.
  • a distinction is made between all the channels of the audio system SYS.
  • the audio system SYS shown in Figure 6 a distinction is made between the six loudspeakers SPE or, if the sounds are reproduced via the headphones HPH, a distinction is made between the left and the right speakers of the headphones HPH. In other words, the sequence of test sounds is repeated for each channel that is present.
  • the test series also contains sounds for checking the validity of the user responses.
  • Such tests for determining the auditory threshold are well known in principle from the clinical field.
  • several data sets can be produced and called up for a user, for example to make the amplification function as per the invention available for various listening locations, in other words for different places where the user listens to music, for example, in a quality that remains constant.
  • the user when activating the frequency- dependent amplification function described in this document, the user should also state the relevant listening location.
  • the audio system can deduce the listening location itself, insofar as it can for example locate the remote control with which the activation is undertaken.
  • the measured values are stored per user. It is particularly advantageous to set up one or more data records for each user of the system. In this case, the user must also identify oneself when activating the frequency-dependent amplification function described in this document.
  • FIG. 6 Shown in Figure 6 is a schematic block diagram of an audio system SYS or an A/V system.
  • an acoustic reproduction via 6 channels (Dolby 5.1) with 6 loudspeakers SPE or via stereo headphones HPH (2 channels) is sketched in.
  • the invention can be used for any number of channels.
  • the audio system SYS shown here comprises a series of components that do not all need to be present in this combination, and in certain cases can be present only individually.
  • a set-control unit SET with corresponding memory RAM, ROM takes over the fundamental control tasks and is connected to an input unit INP of the audio system SYS, as well as to an infra-red receiver IR for communication with a remote control.
  • the set- control unit SET also activates a display DIS of the audio system SYS.
  • the set-control unit SET also controls the algorithm to determine the user-specific auditory thresholds Th(f) per channel, and the determination of the original sound level setting VoI(OL) as described above.
  • a real-time data source RTD such as for example a tuner, internet etc.
  • a further data source DST for example a playback unit for CDs, DVDs, a hard disk, minidisk, etc.
  • the set-control unit SET likewise activates these two sources RTD and DST.
  • RTD read-only memory
  • This unit SSE is in turn connected, either directly for digital data or for analog signals via an A/D converter KON, to a digital signal processing arrangement DSP, here in the form of a digital signal processor, this signal processor supplying audio signals via an amplifier AMP to the six loudspeakers SPE or via a further amplifier AHP to the headphones HPH.
  • DSP digital signal processing arrangement
  • the algorithm, described above, for the amplification of audio signals Sig(f) according to the invention is executed here by the digital signal processing arrangement DSP, this signal processing arrangement DSP being programmed accordingly for this.
  • the necessary data in respect of the auditory threshold Th(f), which are determined by means of the set-control unit SET, are advantageously stored in the memory RAM of the set-control unit SET. Alternatively, they can of course be stored in the memory RAM of the signal processing arrangement DSP, or another accessible memory in the audio system SYS. In the case of audio systems SYS that can be connected to the internet, for example in order to thus download audio files onto the audio system SYS, it can be provided that the corresponding data relating to the auditory threshold Th(f) are loaded into the audio system SYS from a memory that is accessible via the internet.
  • the invention can be used in the case of any system for the reproduction of audio signals, including in the case of A/V systems, as already mentioned. It is favorable if the signal processing arrangement DSP is a constituent part of the audio system SYS.
  • the signal processing arrangement for implementing the algorithm according to the invention is designed separate from the audio system, as a separate or external unit, this external unit then being connected to the audio system for the purposes of the invention. Expediently, this external unit is then additionally set up for determining the individual auditory threshold of a user.
  • the external unit for the method according to the invention comprises a system SYS as shown, in which however the sources RTD, DST are omitted and are replaced by an analog and/or digital input, to which a conventional audio system or A/V system can be connected.
  • a) The variant described under point a) can be further reduced, in that the amplifier unit AMP, AHP are also omitted.
  • the output of the digital signal processing unit DSP is connected to the input for example of an existing audio amplifier.
  • the volume control is affected via the external unit and not via the existing amplifier.
  • the variant described in point b) can be optimized for mobile headphone-operated devices, in that the units DST, RTD and SSE are left out. Instead, the external unit is connected to the headphone output of a mobile audio device (or preferably to the digital output, if present). In the case of this embodiment, the amplifier unit AMP does not apply. However, downstream of the digital signal processing arrangement DSP is a headphone amplifier AHP, so that the headphones HPH can be connected directly with the external unit.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Tone Control, Compression And Expansion, Limiting Amplitude (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un procédé d'amplification en fonction de la fréquence du niveau sonore des signaux audio, procédé selon lequel un signal audio (Sig(f)) est divisé, au moins dans une certaine plage de fréquences, en un nombre (n) de bandes de fréquences (f1...f10), un seuil auditif spécifique (Th(f1)...Th(f10)) est déterminé pour chaque bande de fréquences (f1 ...f10), et pour chaque bande de fréquences (f1...f10), le niveau sonore est comparé au seuil auditif prédéterminé (Th(f1)...Th(f10)), et le signal (Sig(f2), Sig(f3), Sig(f4)) est amplifié au moins dans ces bandes de fréquences (f2, f3, f4) dans lesquelles le niveau sonore est juste au-dessous du seuil auditif (Th(f2), Th(f3), Th(f4)). L'invention porte également sur un dispositif de traitement de signaux permettant de mettre en oeuvre ce procédé, ainsi que sur un système audio pourvu de ce dispositif de traitement de signaux.
PCT/IB2006/050040 2005-01-14 2006-01-05 Dispositif de traitement de signaux et systeme audio et procede d'amplification en fonction de la frequence du niveau sonore des signaux audio WO2006075264A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2007550887A JP2008527882A (ja) 2005-01-14 2006-01-05 音声信号の音響レベルを周波数に依存して増幅する信号処理装置及び音声システム及びその方法

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP05100211 2005-01-14
EP05100211.1 2005-01-14

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WO2006075264A1 true WO2006075264A1 (fr) 2006-07-20

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CN101937682A (zh) * 2010-09-16 2011-01-05 华为终端有限公司 一种处理接听语音的方法和装置
US20130336502A1 (en) * 2007-02-01 2013-12-19 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd Audio reproduction method and apparatus with auto volume control function
WO2019216767A1 (fr) 2018-05-09 2019-11-14 Audus B.V. Procédé de personnalisation du signal audio d'un flux audio ou vidéo
CN111264030A (zh) * 2017-10-16 2020-06-09 弗劳恩霍夫应用研究促进协会 用于为音频信号的个人适应设置参数的方法

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WO2014057629A1 (fr) * 2012-10-09 2014-04-17 パナソニック株式会社 Système, processeur et procédé d'estimation de niveau de puissance sonore inconfortable et programme d'ordinateur associé
CN104332050B (zh) * 2014-10-27 2017-10-10 浙江省环境保护科学设计研究院 一种智能环境噪声与振动监测装置及监测方法
CN105450871A (zh) * 2015-12-03 2016-03-30 广东欧珀移动通信有限公司 一种移动终端通话模式的切换方法和装置
CN110960224B (zh) * 2019-12-31 2021-08-10 杭州耳青聪科技有限公司 听力阈值和/或听力状态检测系统及方法

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US20130336502A1 (en) * 2007-02-01 2013-12-19 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd Audio reproduction method and apparatus with auto volume control function
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CN111264030A (zh) * 2017-10-16 2020-06-09 弗劳恩霍夫应用研究促进协会 用于为音频信号的个人适应设置参数的方法
CN111264030B (zh) * 2017-10-16 2024-03-29 弗劳恩霍夫应用研究促进协会 用于为音频信号的个人适应设置参数的方法
WO2019216767A1 (fr) 2018-05-09 2019-11-14 Audus B.V. Procédé de personnalisation du signal audio d'un flux audio ou vidéo
US11290815B2 (en) 2018-05-09 2022-03-29 Audus B.V. Method for personalizing the audio signal of an audio or video stream

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