WO2005010897A1 - Actionneur magnetique a levitation - Google Patents
Actionneur magnetique a levitation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005010897A1 WO2005010897A1 PCT/FR2004/050331 FR2004050331W WO2005010897A1 WO 2005010897 A1 WO2005010897 A1 WO 2005010897A1 FR 2004050331 W FR2004050331 W FR 2004050331W WO 2005010897 A1 WO2005010897 A1 WO 2005010897A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- magnet
- lightened
- magnetic
- actuator according
- magnetic part
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 208
- 238000005339 levitation Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 74
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims description 21
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- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 18
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- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001312 dry etching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [B].[Fe].[Nd] Chemical compound [B].[Fe].[Nd] QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CLBRCZAHAHECKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co].[Pt] Chemical compound [Co].[Pt] CLBRCZAHAHECKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVYYOKWPCQYKEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Fe].[Co] Chemical compound [Fe].[Co] QVYYOKWPCQYKEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KPLQYGBQNPPQGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt samarium Chemical compound [Co].[Sm] KPLQYGBQNPPQGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000002889 diamagnetic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OBACEDMBGYVZMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron platinum Chemical compound [Fe].[Fe].[Pt] OBACEDMBGYVZMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XWHPIFXRKKHEKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron silicon Chemical compound [Si].[Fe] XWHPIFXRKKHEKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001172 neodymium magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000938 samarium–cobalt magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000952 Be alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001030 Iron–nickel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BTGZYWWSOPEHMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O].[Cu].[Y].[Ba] Chemical compound [O].[Cu].[Y].[Ba] BTGZYWWSOPEHMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 aluminum-nickel-cobalt Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUBSQCSIIDQXLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt platinum Chemical compound [Co].[Pt].[Pt].[Pt] GUBSQCSIIDQXLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical group [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron nickel Chemical compound [Fe].[Ni] UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
- H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a magnetic levitating actuator and in particular a microactuator which can be produced by the techniques of microtechnology.
- These magnetic actuators have a mobile magnetic part and a fixed magnetic part. The mobile magnetic part is levitated when it is not glued to the fixed magnetic part.
- Such actuators are very promising and in the future they may compete with transistor systems for switching.
- a magnetic actuator which comprises, as in FIGS. 1A, 1B, 1C, a mobile magnetic part 1, a fixed magnetic part 2 having at least two areas of attraction 2.1, 2.2 for the mobile magnetic part 1 and means 3 for • triggering the displacement of the mobile magnetic part 1.
- the mobile magnetic part is' formed of a magnet in rectangular plate shape. When it is not glued to one of the attraction zones 2.1, 2.2, the part mobile magnetic 1 is levitated between the two attraction zones 2.1, 2.2.
- the two areas of attraction 2.1, 2.2 each correspond to a pair of magnets 2.1a, 2.1b and 2.2a, 2.2b disjoint.
- Each magnet 2.1a, 2.1b and 2.2a, 2.2b is provided with an electrical contact C11, C12 and C21, C22 respectively.
- the mobile magnetic part 1 is also provided with electrical contacts C1, C2 placed on opposite faces which are the faces which come into contact with the fixed magnetic part 2.
- the contact Cl of the movable magnetic part 1 electrically connects the two contacts Cil, C12 of the area of attraction 2.1 and when the movable magnetic part 1 is glued to the area of attraction 2.2 on the right, its contact C2 comes electrically connect the two contacts C21, C22 of the area of attraction 2.2.
- the arrows illustrate in both situations, the current flowing between the two contacts.
- the triggering of the movement of the movable magnet is initiated by a current pulse sent into the displacement triggering means 3 which are represented in this example by a winding with several turns placed under the assembly formed by the movable magnetic part 1 and the fixed magnetic part 2.
- the aim of the present invention is to provide a levitating magnetic actuator which has a switching time and / or an actuating current reduced compared to the actuators of the prior art. Another object of the invention is to provide a magnetic actuator whose current consumed during switching is reduced. Another object of the invention is to propose a magnetic actuator having an improved and lasting contact quality. Another object of the invention is to provide a magnetic actuator whose movable magnetic part has increased angular stability.
- the present invention is a magnetic actuator comprising a mobile magnetic part, a fixed magnetic part provided with at least two areas of attraction for the mobile magnetic part, and means for triggering the displacement of the mobile magnetic part.
- the mobile magnetic part comprises a magnet-based part, lightened by magnet, this part having an overall volume, and a mass which is less than that which it would have if its overall volume were completely occupied by the magnet.
- the lightened magnet part can be formed of one or more magnets provided with at least one recess.
- the recess may be a through hole.
- the lightened magnet part can take the form of a substantially rectangular plate. It is possible that it includes a magnet frame. In a variant which makes it possible to reduce the current necessary for a movement, the lightened part with a magnet may comprise, in the direction of movement, a succession of magnets spaced from each other, these magnets having the same orientation of magnetization.
- the lightened magnet part can include, in the direction of movement, an alternating succession of magnets and at least one solid part of lower density.
- the magnets may be in the form of bars oriented substantially normally during movement.
- the succession has a magnet at each end.
- the means for triggering the movement may comprise at least one conductor arranged in a meander formed by sections of successive conductors in which a current is liable to flow in opposite directions, each of the magnets of the cooperating succession, when the mobile magnetic part is stuck on an attraction zone, with one of the sections, in these sections the current flowing in the same direction.
- the end magnets have a dimension, in the direction of movement, substantially equal to the movement.
- the lightened magnet part comprises at least one central magnet surrounded at least partially by at least one part of lower density, this central magnet being in the form of a substantially rounded or ovoid pellet.
- the mobile magnetic part when the mobile magnetic part is glued to an attraction area, can comprise at least one face, which must come to stick on the attraction zone, this face being curved. Instead of being curved, this face can be arranged in a zigzag.
- each attraction zone has a geometry combined with that of the face of the movable magnetic part which must come into contact with it. It is possible to provide, in particular in the case of RF contactors, that at least one of the attraction zones comprises a dielectric part so as to make a capacitive contact when the mobile magnetic part is bonded to said attraction zone.
- the lightened magnet part may include a dielectric part so as to make a capacitive contact when the mobile magnetic part is bonded to one of the attraction zones.
- the present invention also relates to a method for producing a magnetic actuator of this type. It comprises the following steps: - on a first substrate, production of boxes capable of receiving magnets of a fixed magnetic part and of a lightened part by magnet of a mobile magnetic part, this lightened part by magnet having a volume outside all, and a mass which is less than that which it would have if its overall volume were completely occupied by the magnet, - deposit in the boxes of the magnets, deposit of a dielectric layer and etching of this latter to expose the lightened part by magnetizing the mobile magnetic part and its surroundings up to the fixed magnetic part, - on a second substrate making at least one box capable of receiving a conductor intended to trigger a displacement of the mobile magnetic part, - depositing the conductor in the box, assembling the two substrates by putting them face to face, total or partial elimination of the
- It may also include a step of magnetizing the magnet of the lightened part by magnetizing the movable magnetic part and possibly of the fixed magnetic part before the lightened part is magnetized.
- the step of etching the dielectric layer of the first substrate may aim to produce at least one access opening to at least one electrical contact for supplying the conductor.
- the step of etching the dielectric layer may be followed by a step of etching the first substrate around the lightened part by magnet and at the level of at least one part of lower density which is provided with the lightened part by magnet.
- the step of etching the dielectric layer can be followed by a step of etching the first substrate around the lightened part by magnetizing by masking at least a part of lower density which is endowed with the lightened part by magnet, this lower density part being full of the substrate material.
- the method may include a step of producing at least one electrical contact for supplying the conductor to the second substrate after the conductor has been deposited and before the two substrates are assembled.
- a step of depositing a dielectric material on the surface of the second substrate before the assembly of the two substrates can be provided. This dielectric material can be used to protect the conductor.
- the substrates can be solid semiconductor or SOI type substrates.
- FIGS. 1A, 1B, 1C show an actuator known magnetic
- FIGS. 2A to 2J show different variants of a magnetic actuator according to the invention
- - Figures 3A to 31 show different stages in the production of the fixed and mobile magnetic parts of an actuator according to the invention, on a solid semiconductor substrate
- - Figures 4A to 41 show different stages in the production of the fixed and mobile magnetic parts of an actuator according to the invention, on a SOI type semiconductor substrate
- - Figures 5A to 5G show different stages in the production of means for triggering the displacement of the mobile magnetic part of an actuator according to the invention, on a semiconductor substrate
- - Figures 6A and 6B show the stages of assembly and finishing of the substrates obtained in Figures 31 and 5G
- - Figures 7A and 7B show the steps of assembling and finishing the substrates obtained in Figures 41 and 5G.
- FIGS. 2A to 2J show different possible configurations for the mobile magnetic part 20, the fixed magnetic part 10 and the means 30 for triggering the displacement of the mobile magnetic part 20 of a magnetic actuator according to the invention.
- This movement takes place in an x, y plane, along the x axis.
- the switching time of a magnetic actuator, for a given magnetic force applied to the mobile magnetic part is proportional to the mass of the mobile magnetic part.
- the movable magnetic part For the movable magnetic part to move between two areas of attraction in a translation without being subjected to a lateral deviation, its dimension in the direction of movement must be large in front of its two other dimensions. This is why the movable magnetic part is generally a rectangular magnet plate whose length is directed in the direction of movement.
- FIG. 2A shows a top view of a magnetic actuator according to the invention in which the fixed magnetic part 10 comprises two attraction zones 11, 12 facing each other, each formed of a pair of magnetic blocks 11.1 and 11.2, 12.1 and 12.2 disjoined in the manner of FIGS. 1A to 1C.
- the fixed magnetic part can be made of a material chosen from the group of soft magnetic materials, hard magnetic materials, hysteresis materials, these materials being taken alone, in combination with one another or with superconductive materials, diamagnetic materials.
- Soft magnetic materials such as iron, nickel, iron-nickel alloys, iron-cobalt, iron-silicon etc., magnetize according to an inductive field to which they are subjected.
- Hard magnetic materials correspond to magnets such as ferrite magnets, magnets based on samarium-cobalt, magnets based on neodymium-iron-boron, magnets based on platinum-cobalt, iron-platinum for example. Their magnetization depends little on the external magnetic field.
- Hysteresis materials for example of the aluminum-nickel-cobalt (AlNiCo) type, have properties which lie between those of soft magnetic materials and those of hard magnetic materials. They are sensitive to the magnetic field in which they are found. As for diamagnetic materials such as bismuth or pyrolitic graphite, their magnetization is collinear with the inductive magnetic field but in the opposite direction.
- the superconductive materials could be alloys based on nobium-titanium (NbTi), yttrium-barium-copper-oxygen (YBaCuO) for example.
- the mobile magnetic part 20 shown, in this example, is located between the two attraction zones 11, 12 and is therefore levitated.
- a lightened magnet part 200 which is formed of at least one magnet 22 provided with recesses 21. These recesses 21 may be through holes or blind holes. The holes 21 are directed in the direction of the thickness of the magnet 22. This representation is not limiting, the recesses 21 could take another direction.
- the lightened part 200 by magnet and therefore also the magnet 22 are in the form of a substantially parallelepiped plate.
- the recesses 21 are preferably concentrated in the central part of the magnet 22 and spare its edges 23 which are opposite the two attraction zones 11, 12 of the fixed magnetic part 10. These edges 23 are solid and their dimension, in the direction of movement, is substantially equal to the distance traveled by the mobile magnetic part 20 when it leaves one of the two areas of attraction, for example 11, and comes to stick on the other area of attraction 12.
- the recesses 21 of the magnet 22 are empty of solid material.
- the magnet 22 can be made, for example, of ferrite, based on samarium-cobalt, neodymium-iron-boron, platinum-cobalt, iron-platinum.
- the recesses 21 have been distributed in a substantially regular manner in the magnet 22 but this is not an obligation. In the same way, they do not necessarily all have the same dimension. Instead of having several recesses, the magnet could have only one.
- the recesses could be filled with a material whose density is lower than that of the magnet as in Figure 2B.
- This material is hereinafter called lower density material. Its density is lower than that of the magnet.
- a plastic material for example, of a plastic material, a dielectric material, a semiconductor material such as silicon or even a soft magnetic material such as iron, nickel, alloys based on iron-nickel , iron-cobalt, iron-silicon, etc. What matters is that the lightened part 200 by magnet has a mass less than that
- the means 30 for triggering the displacement of the mobile magnetic part 20 have been shown as a coil 30 with one or more turns placed under the assembly consisting of the mobile magnetic part 20 and the fixed magnetic part 10. Contacts between the part mobile magnetic 20 and the attraction zones 11, 12 have been shown resistive, that is to say ohmic or dry.
- the fixed magnetic part 10 now comprises two attraction zones 11, 12 facing each other, each formed by a magnet 110, 120 and a dielectric part 111, 121 placed side by side.
- the movable magnetic part 20 is bonded to one or the other of the dielectric parts 111 or 121 so as to form a so-called capacitive contact.
- capacitive contacts One of the advantages of capacitive contacts is that they are less subject to wear than resistive contacts.
- the lightened part 200 by magnet of the movable magnetic part 20 is a substantially rectangular plate and comprises a magnet 24 in the form of a frame delimiting a single through hole 21 filled with material 25 whose density is lower than that of the magnet.
- the frame is substantially rectangular with bars, two of which (referenced 24.1) face the zones of attraction 11, 12. It would of course be possible for the single through hole 21 to be empty of solid material, like those of Figure 2A.
- the width 1 (dimension in the direction of movement) of a bar 24.1 located opposite the areas of attraction 11, 12 of the fixed magnetic part 10 is substantially equal to the air gap e.
- This hole could consider using this hole to position an optical lens or a valve.
- the means 30 for triggering the movement of the mobile magnetic part 20 are represented by a conductor arranged in a meander placed under the mobile magnetic part 20. They will be described in more detail below, in particular with reference to FIG. 2C which is a longitudinal section of the actuator of FIG. 2B.
- FIG. 2D the fixed magnetic part 10 is similar to that of FIG. 2A, the means for triggering the displacement of the mobile magnetic part are not shown so as not to overload the figure.
- the lightened part 200 by magnet of the movable magnetic part 20 comprises two magnets 26 sandwiching a part 27 of lower density.
- the lower density part 27 is a substantially square plate.
- the part 200 has the shape of a substantially rectangular plate.
- the magnets 26, in the form of bars, are located opposite the attraction zones 11, 12 of the fixed magnetic part 10.
- the material of the lower density part 27 can be, for example , a plastic material, a dielectric material, silicon or even a soft magnetic material.
- the lightened part 200 with a magnet is formed, in the direction of movement, of an alternating succession of magnets 26 and parts 27 of lower density, magnets 26 ending the succession. It can be envisaged that it is not a magnet which ends the succession, in particular if provision is made for making a capacitive contact.
- the terminal magnets 26 face each other with the areas of attraction 11, 12 of the fixed magnetic part 10.
- the magnets 26 and the parts 27 of lower density are in the form of bars.
- the lower density parts 26 can be made of solid material but one can imagine that they correspond to recesses. This latter configuration is illustrated in FIG.
- the lightened part 200 with a magnet is a grid-shaped magnet and the magnet bars 26 are integral with each other at their two ends.
- the fixed magnetic part 10 is formed by two magnetic parts 111, 121 opposite, each forming an attraction zone 11, 12.
- the magnets 26 are solid but this is not an obligation, they could have at least one recess. It is the same for the parts 27 of lower density if they are solid.
- the terminal magnets 26 have a width in the direction of movement which is substantially equal to that of the air gap. In the example shown in FIG. 2E, the magnets 26 and the parts 27 of lower density have substantially the same dimensions. This is not a obligation.
- the lightened part 200 by magnet has the shape of a substantially rectangular plate.
- the mobile magnetic part 20 comprises a part 200 lightened by a magnet formed by a central magnet 28 full with generally rounded edges, surrounded at least partially by one or more parts 29 of lower density.
- These lower density parts 29 can be magnetic or non-magnetic, dielectric or electrically conductive.
- a magnet 28 can take the form of a substantially circular or slightly ovoid pellet (its width is close to its length).
- This patch may also include at least one portion of rectilinear edge.
- the mobile magnetic part 20 can be made more angularly stable. There is less risk of it shifting angularly during its movement. By reducing its size in the direction of movement compared to the configuration with substantially parallelepiped magnet, its mass is reduced.
- the fixed magnetic part 10 is similar to that of FIG. 2E.
- the parts 29 of lower density serve to complete the magnet 28 so that the faces of the part 200 lightened by magnet, facing the zones of attraction 11, 12, are adapted to the geometry of said zones of attraction 11 , 12 in order to obtain optimal contact.
- the areas of attraction 11, 12 have a flat face opposite the mobile magnetic part 20.
- the parts 29 of least density, four in number in this example, can be qualified as corners which surround the magnet 28 in the form of a pellet. Their main section is delimited by two sides at right angles connected by an arc of a circle. They contribute to forming with the magnet 28 flat faces which must come to stick on the areas of attraction 11, 12. Other shapes are of course possible.
- the lightened part 200 by magnetizing with the corners 29 takes the form of a substantially rectangular plate. If the material of the less dense parts 29 is dielectric, provision may be made for the magnet 28 (which may be electrically conductive) to come into direct contact with the areas of attraction 11, 12 insofar as they are also conductive and that one wishes to make an ohmic contact as in FIG. 2G. If a capacitive contact is required, the less dense parts 29 can completely mask the magnet 28 from the attraction zones 11, 12 as in FIG. 2H. In this figure the magnet 28 is a substantially ovoid central patch. We could have as a moving magnetic part a solid pellet with a substantially ovoid magnet, therefore without a materialized corner.
- the movable magnetic part comprises a solid pellet with a substantially ovoid magnet cooperating with corners, these the latter will be of electrically conductive or dielectric non-magnetic material.
- the mobile magnetic part 20 comprises a part 200 lightened by magnet in the form of a substantially ovoid plate. It consists of a frame 201 in magnet defining a central opening 202 empty of solid material. This opening 202 could of course be filled with a lower density material as described in FIG. 2B.
- the faces 201a of the mobile magnetic part 20 which are intended to be bonded to the areas of attraction 11, 12, of the fixed magnetic part 10 are also curved.
- the areas of attraction 11, 12 each have a face 11a, 11b of shape combined with that of the part 200 lightened by magnet.
- the movable magnetic part 20 can be partially embedded in the attraction zones 11, 12.
- any curved surface can be broken down into a succession of small plane surfaces of variable angle.
- the surface and the force of contact F ' are both increased by a factor 1 / sin ⁇ , the angle ⁇ being represented in FIG. 2J between the force F' and a normal to the direction of movement
- the faces of the part 200 being lightened by magnetizing , intended to come and stick on the attraction zones 11, 12 are curved, they could be serrated as in FIG. 2J.
- the lightened magnet part 200 is formed of a magnet 203 with recesses 204 (which are assumed to be non-traversing).
- the magnet 203 is in the form of a plate and the recesses can be at one of its main faces or at the two main faces.
- the lightened part 200 with a magnet is therefore in the form of a plate with zigzag faces 205 which must stick to the attraction zones 11, 12.
- Each attraction zone 11, 12 has a face of conjugate shape on which must come sticking the mobile magnetic part 20.
- Such a shape with one or more teeth or at least substantially a V also makes it possible to increase the force and / or the contact surface compared to the case where the edges are straight normal to displacement.
- the means 30 for triggering the displacement of the mobile magnetic part are represented by a conductor arranged in a loop, with one or more turns, placed in a plane x, y (which is the plane in which the part moves mobile magnetic) under the assembly formed by the mobile magnetic part 20 and the fixed magnetic part 10.
- This loop comprises a section 30.1 of conductor opposite each attraction zone 11, 12. In these two sections 30.1 of conductor the current flows in reverse. An arrow indicates (arbitrarily) the direction of the current in the conductor. In this configuration, the cooperation in terms of magnetic field between the conductor 30 in a loop and the part 200 lightened by magnet is not optimal.
- the main magnetic field created by the magnet 22 is oriented in the direction of movement (along x), it is used to achieve magnetic guidance of the mobile magnetic part 20 when it is in levitation and to obtain bistability.
- To initiate the movement use is made of a magnetic field leak from the magnet 22 which combines with the electric current flowing in the two sections 30.1 of conductor located opposite the areas of attraction 11, 12.
- the force tear which is used to initiate the displacement is proportional to the vector product of the intensity of the current in the section 30.1 of conductor opposite the area of attraction 11 or 12 on which is glued the piece 200 lightened with magnet and the field magnetic created by the mobile magnetic part only and prevailing at the level of said section 30.1 of conductor according to Laplace law.
- the magnetic field at this section of conductor 30.1 is not optimal, since we do not use all the magnetic field created by the magnet 22 of the part 200 lightened by loving, but only a leak.
- the sections (referenced 30.2) of the conductor 30 which are not opposite with the areas of attraction 11, 12 do not participate in the initiation of the movement.
- a large current must be circulated in the conductor 30.
- the lightened part 200 by magnet is a substantially rectangular frame with two bars 24.1 of magnet opposite the attraction zones 11, 12. These two bars
- the means 30 for triggering the displacement of the mobile magnetic part 20 are a conductor arranged in a meander with sections 31.1, 31.2 oriented like the bars 24.1. In two successive sections 31.1, 31.2 the current flows in opposite directions. The direction of the current is illustrated in Figure 2C. One of the directions corresponds to a forward path and the other to a return path for the current.
- Each bar 24.1 is located above a section 31.1 of conductor when it is stuck on an attraction area 11 and above a section 31.2 of conductor when it is stuck on the area of attraction 12 In these sections 31.1 or 31.2 surmounted by a bar 24.1, the current flows in the same direction. There is a strong cooperation between the field created by each of the bars 24.1 and the current which circulates in the associated section 31.1 (in the case where the magnetic part mobile 20 is glued to the area of attraction 11) and this cooperation aims to create a displacement force also called actuation force of the mobile magnetic part 20.
- the geometry of the meanders is not limited to simple geometry in Greek as in FIGS. 2. One can envisage a more complex geometry such as a spiral meander extending in one or more superimposed planes.
- a magnetic field is also established which is in the opposite direction to that generated by the bars 24.1 of magnets. This magnetic field comes from the leakage fields of neighboring 24.1 bars.
- This lower density part 25 which can be described as virtual if the frame is empty of solid material, also cooperates with a section 31.2 of conductor to initiate the initiation of the displacement when the movable magnetic part is glued against a zone of attraction.
- the magnetic field in the lower density part 25 reinforces that created by the section 31-2 of conductor with which it cooperates.
- a given breakout force can be obtained with a lower current than in the configuration of FIG. 2A. If there were several parts of lower density as in FIG.
- the mobile magnetic part 20 is glued against the attraction zone 11, there is a section 31.2 of end conductor (that of right) which does not cooperate with a part of the movable magnetic part 20.
- This section 31.2 of conductor is located at the air gap e. But when the mobile magnetic part 20 has switched and is stuck on the attraction zone 12, this section of conductor 31.2 finds its usefulness in the other direction since the current flows there in the opposite direction and it is the other section 31.1 end conductor (located on the side of the attraction zone 12) which does not participate in the triggering.
- FIGS. 7A, 7B the microactuator is completely embedded in a substrate produced in two assembled parts.
- FIGS. 6A, 6b only the means for triggering the displacement are embedded in the substrate also produced in two assembled parts, the mobile and fixed magnetic parts are placed on the substrate.
- the two parts are solid conventional semiconductor substrates while in FIGS. 7A, 7B, one of them is a solid conventional substrate while the other is an SOI substrate (acronym of silicon on insulator, for silicon on insulator).
- SOI substrate acronym of silicon on insulator, for silicon on insulator.
- Such a silicon substrate has a layer of insulating material 93-1, of silicon oxide, buried within the silicon.
- the layer of insulating material can serve as a stop layer.
- a first substrate either conventional solid 91 in semiconductor material, or of SOI type 93, micro-magnets 3-1 and 24 will be produced, for the fixed magnetic part and for the mobile magnetic part respectively.
- the displacement triggering means taking the form of one or more conductors can be produced. arranged in winding ( Figures 5A to 5G). In these FIGS. 5A to 5G, a solid substrate has been shown. However in FIG.
- the photolithography mask used takes into account the structure of the lightened part by magnet.
- This mask comprises at least one solid part 500 or spared which corresponds, in the part 200 lightened by magnet, to a part of lower density which in the example corresponds to a recess 21 of the magnet. This recess can be empty or full of lower density solid material.
- the lightened part 200 with a magnet is a frame 24 with a hollowed-out magnet in FIGS. 3 and that it is a frame 24 with a magnet, the recess 21 of which is full of substrate material in FIGS. 4.
- the first substrate 91, 93 is not etched at the solid part 50-2 of the mask.
- the etching can be a dry etching. In the SOI 93 substrate, the etching stops on the oxide layer 93-1.
- the resin 50-1 is removed.
- a conductive bonding sub-layer 52 is deposited on the substrate 91, 93. In fact this variant is only found in FIG. 4B.
- FIG. 3B there are two bonding sublayers 52-1, 52-2, the second 52-2 being inserted between the first 52-1 and the substrate 91. It allows good adhesion to the substrate 91 of the first sub-layer 52-1. It also allows protection of the frame 24 by magnet, produced subsequently, against corrosion.
- the first sublayer can be gold and the second titanium. These two sublayers could be used in the example of FIG. 4B.
- the magnet deposition area is defined by photolithography.
- the resin layer used bears the reference 50-2.
- the magnets 3-1, 24 are deposited electrolytically.
- the material used can be cobalt-platinum ( Figures 3C, 4C).
- a step of planarizing the magnets is carried out, then a step of removing the underlay 52 on the surface (FIGS. 4D) or the two undercoats 52-1, 52-2 ( Figure 3D).
- a conductive layer 53 can then be deposited on the surface intended to make electrical contacts C1, C2 on the magnets 3-1 of the fixed magnetic part and C on the frame 24 of the mobile magnetic part.
- the geometry of the contacts Cl, C2, C is defined by photolithography.
- the resin bears the reference 50-3 ( Figures 3E, 4E). Since all the magnets are produced at the same time, the mobile magnet 24 also carries a conductive layer on its upper face, it has a role of protection against corrosion.
- the resin 50-3 spares the recess 21 of the mobile magnetic part 200.
- the next step is a step of etching the conductive layer 53 to delimit the contacts C1, C2, C.
- the conductive layer 53 is removed by etching at the level of the recess 21 of the lightened part by magnetizing it. 200, the material of the substrate being at the level of the recess 21 will subsequently be removed as will be seen in FIG. 31.
- the conductive layer 53 is not removed at the level of the recess 21 of the lightened part by magnet 200. It prevents the etching step of FIG. 41 from attacking the material of the substrate which fills the recess.
- the resin 50-3 is then removed.
- An insulating layer 54 is deposited on the surface, in Si0 2 for example, then a planarization step is carried out ( Figures 3F, 4F).
- a planarization step is carried out ( Figures 3F, 4F).
- This step is a photolithography step and the resin used bears the reference 50-4 ( Figures 3G, 4G).
- the 50-4 resin spares the lightened part by magnet 200.
- the resin 50-4 is removed ( Figures 3H, 4H).
- the lightened part 200 with a magnet is then exposed and its surroundings 58 up to the fixed magnets 3-1 (FIG. 3H, 4H). Then a dry etching of the substrate 93 is carried out at the space 58 around the lightened part 200 by magnetizing, at the opening 46, this etching stops on the insulating layer in the case of the SOI substrate. 93 ( Figure 41).
- the layer 53 which covers the recess 21 prevents it from being attacked since in this configuration it is full of material of the substrate 93.
- the dry etching of the substrate 91 takes place around the lightened part 200 with magnet , at the opening 46, as well as at the recess 21 inside the frame 24. Thus the recess 21 is emptied of the material of the substrate 91.
- the means 30 for triggering the displacement are similar to those in Figure 2A.
- the geometry of the conductor 4-1 and of its ends 45 which are to carry the supply contacts by photolithography is defined.
- the resin used bears the reference 50-5 (FIGS. 5A).
- An etching of a box 55 is carried out which must receive the conductor 4-1.
- the etching of the box 55 stops on the insulating layer.
- the depth of the box 55 corresponds to the thickness of the conductor 4-1.
- a conductive bonding sub-layer 56 is deposited on the surface (FIG. 5B). It can be made of copper for example.
- the conductor deposition area is defined by photolithography.
- the resin used bears the reference 50-6.
- the conductor 4-1 is deposited electrolytically, its ends referenced 45 are clearly visible (FIGS. 5C).
- the deposit can be copper.
- the resin 50-6 is removed, the conductive deposit is planarized.
- the conductive sub-layer 56 is etched on the surface to remove it (FIG. 5D).
- a conductive layer 57 is then deposited on the surface intended to make the supply contacts 47 of the conductor 4-1, these contacts 47 covering the ends 45 of the conductor 4-1.
- the geometry of the contacts 47 is defined by photolithography, the resin used for this bearing the reference 50-7 (FIG. 5E).
- the conductive layer 57 is then etched so as to remove it wherever it is not protected by the resin 50-7.
- an insulating layer 59 is deposited on the surface. It can be made of silicon oxide Si0 2 . It will isolate the conductor 4-1 from the magnets 3-1, 24 during the assembly of the first substrate 91, 93 and the second substrate 92 (FIG. 5F). Planarization is carried out on the surface and the contacts 47 are exposed (FIG. 5G). We will then assemble by gluing, putting them face to face, the substrate of Figure 31 to the substrate of Figure 5G ( Figure 6A) or the substrate of Figure 41 to the substrate of Figure 5G ( Figure 7A).
- the first substrate 91, 93 will be totally or partially eliminated. It may be a mechanical thinning and / or a chemical attack.
- FIG. 6B the substrate 91 has been completely removed while in FIG. 7B, the elimination has stopped on the oxide layer 93-1 and the silicon of the substrate 93 which is below remains in place.
- the magnets 3-1, 24 are then embedded in the substrate formed by the two assembled parts 92 and 93 while in FIG. 7B they are on the surface of the substrate 92.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Micromachines (AREA)
- Electromagnets (AREA)
- Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
- Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP04767892A EP1647034B1 (fr) | 2003-07-17 | 2004-07-15 | Actionneur magnetique a levitation |
DE602004016517T DE602004016517D1 (de) | 2003-07-17 | 2004-07-15 | Schwebender magnetischer aktuator |
US10/562,748 US7834727B2 (en) | 2003-07-17 | 2004-07-15 | Levitation magnetic actuator |
JP2006519975A JP4782005B2 (ja) | 2003-07-17 | 2004-07-15 | 浮揚型磁気アクチュエータ |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0350347A FR2857778B1 (fr) | 2003-07-17 | 2003-07-17 | Actionneur magnetique a levitation a temps de commutation et/ou courant d'actionnement reduits. |
FR0350347 | 2003-07-17 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2005010897A1 true WO2005010897A1 (fr) | 2005-02-03 |
Family
ID=33548340
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2004/050331 WO2005010897A1 (fr) | 2003-07-17 | 2004-07-15 | Actionneur magnetique a levitation |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7834727B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1647034B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP4782005B2 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE408231T1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE602004016517D1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2857778B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2005010897A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105198817A (zh) * | 2015-10-09 | 2015-12-30 | 株洲千金药业股份有限公司 | 一种工业化合成硝酸布康唑中间体的方法 |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP5619830B2 (ja) * | 2011-08-24 | 2014-11-05 | パナソニック株式会社 | 樹脂−反磁性物質複合構造体、その製造方法、およびそれを用いた半導体装置 |
JP6384849B2 (ja) * | 2013-12-03 | 2018-09-05 | オリンパス株式会社 | 硬度可変アクチュエータ |
FR3050339B1 (fr) | 2016-04-15 | 2020-08-28 | Enerbee | Generateur d'electricite comprenant un convertisseur magneto-electrique et son procede de fabrication |
US10593456B2 (en) | 2017-10-16 | 2020-03-17 | International Business Machines Corporation | Levitated motor-actuator with parallel dipole line trap system |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH09252570A (ja) * | 1996-03-15 | 1997-09-22 | Toshiba Corp | 磁気浮上型リニアアクチュエータ |
FR2828000A1 (fr) * | 2001-07-27 | 2003-01-31 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Actionneur magnetique a aimant mobile |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2554538A (en) * | 1948-01-13 | 1951-05-29 | Thomas J Murphy | Electric reciprocating motor |
JPS5766507U (fr) * | 1980-10-09 | 1982-04-21 | ||
JPS5766507A (en) * | 1980-10-14 | 1982-04-22 | Washi Kosan Kk | Manufacture of turntable |
JPS5933213A (ja) * | 1982-07-27 | 1984-02-23 | ミラン・フア−マスウ−テイカルズ・インコ−ポレイテイド | 医薬組成物及びその製造方法 |
JPS5933213U (ja) * | 1982-08-25 | 1984-03-01 | 株式会社日立製作所 | ソレノイド |
DE3309068C2 (de) * | 1983-03-14 | 1987-04-23 | MTU Motoren- und Turbinen-Union München GmbH, 8000 München | Piezoelektrischer Schwingungserreger |
US4798488A (en) * | 1984-08-27 | 1989-01-17 | Nhk Spring Co., Ltd. | Dot matrix print head |
US4812884A (en) * | 1987-06-26 | 1989-03-14 | Ledex Inc. | Three-dimensional double air gap high speed solenoid |
US4845451A (en) * | 1987-07-23 | 1989-07-04 | Mitsubishi Mining & Cement Co., Ltd. | Electromagnet |
JP3027434B2 (ja) * | 1991-03-18 | 2000-04-04 | センサテック株式会社 | 打球発射装置 |
AU2583201A (en) * | 1999-12-21 | 2001-07-03 | Gary E. Bergstrom | Flat lamination solenoid |
US6737946B2 (en) * | 2000-02-22 | 2004-05-18 | Joseph B. Seale | Solenoid for efficient pull-in and quick landing |
JP2003031097A (ja) * | 2001-07-10 | 2003-01-31 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 開閉器の操作装置 |
JP2004183678A (ja) * | 2002-11-29 | 2004-07-02 | Nippon M K S Kk | 電磁バルブ |
-
2003
- 2003-07-17 FR FR0350347A patent/FR2857778B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-07-15 AT AT04767892T patent/ATE408231T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-07-15 US US10/562,748 patent/US7834727B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-07-15 JP JP2006519975A patent/JP4782005B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-07-15 DE DE602004016517T patent/DE602004016517D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-07-15 WO PCT/FR2004/050331 patent/WO2005010897A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 2004-07-15 EP EP04767892A patent/EP1647034B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH09252570A (ja) * | 1996-03-15 | 1997-09-22 | Toshiba Corp | 磁気浮上型リニアアクチュエータ |
FR2828000A1 (fr) * | 2001-07-27 | 2003-01-31 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Actionneur magnetique a aimant mobile |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1998, no. 01 30 January 1998 (1998-01-30) * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105198817A (zh) * | 2015-10-09 | 2015-12-30 | 株洲千金药业股份有限公司 | 一种工业化合成硝酸布康唑中间体的方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1647034B1 (fr) | 2008-09-10 |
ATE408231T1 (de) | 2008-09-15 |
DE602004016517D1 (de) | 2008-10-23 |
FR2857778B1 (fr) | 2006-02-03 |
US7834727B2 (en) | 2010-11-16 |
JP4782005B2 (ja) | 2011-09-28 |
US20060145796A1 (en) | 2006-07-06 |
FR2857778A1 (fr) | 2005-01-21 |
JP2007516594A (ja) | 2007-06-21 |
EP1647034A1 (fr) | 2006-04-19 |
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