WO2005076629A1 - 画像符号化装置及び方法、画像復号化装置及び方法、及び撮像装置 - Google Patents
画像符号化装置及び方法、画像復号化装置及び方法、及び撮像装置 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/50—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding
- H04N19/503—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving temporal prediction
- H04N19/51—Motion estimation or motion compensation
- H04N19/577—Motion compensation with bidirectional frame interpolation, i.e. using B-pictures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
- H04N19/103—Selection of coding mode or of prediction mode
- H04N19/105—Selection of the reference unit for prediction within a chosen coding or prediction mode, e.g. adaptive choice of position and number of pixels used for prediction
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
- H04N19/103—Selection of coding mode or of prediction mode
- H04N19/107—Selection of coding mode or of prediction mode between spatial and temporal predictive coding, e.g. picture refresh
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
- H04N19/132—Sampling, masking or truncation of coding units, e.g. adaptive resampling, frame skipping, frame interpolation or high-frequency transform coefficient masking
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- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
- H04N19/157—Assigned coding mode, i.e. the coding mode being predefined or preselected to be further used for selection of another element or parameter
- H04N19/159—Prediction type, e.g. intra-frame, inter-frame or bidirectional frame prediction
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
- H04N19/164—Feedback from the receiver or from the transmission channel
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- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
- H04N19/17—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object
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- H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
- H04N19/17—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object
- H04N19/172—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object the region being a picture, frame or field
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- H04N19/50—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding
- H04N19/503—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving temporal prediction
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- H04N19/60—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding
- H04N19/61—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding in combination with predictive coding
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- H04N19/70—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals characterised by syntax aspects related to video coding, e.g. related to compression standards
Definitions
- Image encoding apparatus and method image decoding apparatus and method, and imaging apparatus
- the present invention relates to an image coding apparatus and an imaging apparatus, and more particularly to a technique for controlling a coding method.
- the present invention also relates to image compression technology, and more particularly to an image coding apparatus and method for coding a moving image according to an image coding method including an interframe bidirectional prediction mode.
- moving pictures are one of the main contents handled by various information terminals.
- code technology is essential.
- the core technology is MPEG (Moving Picture Expert Group).
- Intraframe coding and interframe coding ⁇ are mainly used as coding techniques in MPEG.
- interframe coding a forward reference that refers to a past picture to encode a picture at a certain point in time, and a bidirectional reference that references a past and future pictures to encode a picture at a certain point in time There is.
- An intra-frame coded picture is called an I-picture (Intra-Picture)
- a picture referred to in the forward direction is a P-picture (Predictive-Picture)
- a picture referenced bi-directionally is called an SB-picture (Bidirectionally Predictive-Picture).
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-8-154250 Disclosure of the invention
- the present invention has been made under the above-mentioned background, and an object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus capable of executing coding in an appropriate manner according to the coding execution environment.
- an image coding apparatus is characterized in that the image signal to be coded is at least one of an intraframe code and an interframe code.
- a reference mode selection circuit which selectively sets one of the reference modes not using encoding in accordance with the encoding execution environment in the apparatus.
- the encoding execution environment in the device includes, for example, resolution setting for a captured image, image quality setting, shooting mode, various parameters such as a frame rate, free space of a recording medium, and recording medium capacity. It includes information that indicates the environment at the time of encoding processing, such as the type, processing capacity of the image transfer destination, congestion level of the communication path, special reproduction support mode, power consumption and remaining battery power.
- the inter-frame coding method includes, for example, the force with forward coding other than the above-mentioned bi-directional coding. Although bi-directional reference has a high data compression rate compared to forward reference, the processing load is large. , Re, there is a nature.
- Another aspect of the present invention is an imaging device.
- This apparatus encodes an image input unit for capturing an image of a subject and acquiring the image signal, and encoding the acquired image signal in a method using at least one of intra-frame encoding and inter-frame encoding. Circuit and sign Depending on the execution environment of coding in the device, either mode using bi-directional inter-frame code ⁇ referring to past and future frames as inter-frame compression coding in coding system is used.
- a reference mode selection circuit that selectively sets, and a data storage unit that stores code data generated by encoding.
- a reference mode is selected that is suitable according to the execution environment when encoding an image captured by the device. This makes it possible to improve the compression rate or the image quality of the captured image as compared to the case of using a single reference mode.
- the image coding apparatus includes a prediction mode selection unit that outputs information indicating a prediction mode when coding a frame that constitutes the moving image when coding the moving image, and the prediction mode selection unit. And a coding unit for coding the frame based on the output information indicating the prediction mode, wherein the moving image is coded including an interframe bidirectional prediction mode,
- the prediction mode selection unit may output information indicating that global motion compensation is to be used as information indicating a prediction mode when encoding a backward reference frame of a frame encoded in the interframe bidirectional prediction mode.
- frame refers to individual images that constitute a moving image, and may be rephrased as “picture”, “plane” or the like.
- the coding unit When the information that the global motion compensation is to be used is output from the prediction mode selection unit, the coding unit performs global motion when the motion vector in the interframe forward prediction mode is zero vector. It may be encoded as a vector. When the information that the global motion compensation is to be used is output from the prediction mode selection unit, the coding unit determines that the motion vector in the inter-frame forward prediction mode is a zero vector and the motion vector with the reference frame. Global motion compensation may be used to encode difference data that is substantially zero. Prior to the coding of a frame to be encoded by the interframe bidirectional prediction mode, when the backward reference frame is coded, if there is a macroblock whose motion vector is a zero vector, the motion vector is selected. Treat as a global motion vector.
- the motion vector is a zero vector, and the difference data between the forward reference frame is substantially zero, the macro as encoded using the "no T_coded" flag
- the macroblock is coded using global motion compensation.
- the fact that the difference data is substantially zero means that the difference between the encoding target frame and the reference frame is all zero, or small enough to be regarded as zero, for example, the difference after quantization This may include the case where all the data become zero or the case where the difference data is smaller than a predetermined threshold.
- the predetermined threshold may be determined according to the size or image quality of the image or macroblock, and may be, for example, the number of pixels of the macroblock XI (2, 3,).
- the prediction mode selection unit acquires a profile when encoding the moving image, and refers to the profile to determine whether to include an inter-frame bidirectional prediction mode or not by referring to the profile. It is also good.
- the prediction mode selection unit indicates a prediction mode for encoding a frame when the backward reference frame of a frame encoded in the interframe bidirectional prediction mode is a P frame.
- P frame may be “picture” in MPEG-2 or “P_VOP” in MPEG-4.
- S-frame may be "S-V ⁇ P” in MPEG-4.
- the prediction mode selection unit refers to the profile to determine whether the P-frame is back-referenced from the B-frame, and if it is back-referenced, The P-frame may be switched to the S-frame in advance. As a result, it is possible to solve the problem of image loss that does not cause problems such as an increase in the amount of computation and a decrease in processing speed.
- the prediction mode selection unit substitutes the P frame for information indicating the prediction mode when coding the frame for all frames that should be encoded as the P frame. , And may output information to be encoded as an S frame containing a global motion vector.
- the prediction mode selection unit may switch the P-frame to the S-frame in advance if the profile includes the B-frame. This increases the amount of computation and It is possible to solve the image loss problem that does not cause problems such as a decrease in processing speed.
- Yet another aspect of the present invention relates to an image coding method.
- This image coding method comprises the steps of, when coding a moving image, outputting information indicating a prediction mode when coding a frame constituting the moving image, and based on the information indicating the prediction mode.
- Yet another aspect of the present invention relates to an image coding apparatus.
- this image coding apparatus When coding a moving image, this image coding apparatus performs an intra-frame coding mode, an inter-frame unidirectional prediction coding mode, an inter-frame bidirectional prediction coding for each of the frames constituting the moving image.
- the moving image In the image coding apparatus for coding based on any one of the modes to generate a coded data string of the moving image, the moving image is an inter-frame unidirectional prediction coding mode and an inter-frame bidirectional prediction code.
- a frame encoded in the inter-frame one-way predictive coding mode when it is encoded including the quantization mode, a certain block force S constituting the frame is present in the reference frame which is the basis of the prediction.
- a motion vector between the reference frame and the reference frame instead of a flag indicating that fact.
- Information added to the encoded data string of the block characterized in that encoding.
- a block to which motion vector information is added when coding a frame existing between the interframe unidirectional prediction coding mode and the reference frame in the interframe bidirectional prediction coding mode Even in the block at the same position, even coding is performed, and coding parameters may be added to the coded data sequence.
- frame refers to individual images constituting a moving image, and includes concepts such as “picture” and “plane”.
- inter-frame one-way prediction code mode refers to “inter-frame forward prediction coding mode” or “inter-frame backward prediction coding mode”.
- substantially identical means that the block of the encoding target frame and the block of the reference frame are When the difference data for each pixel is determined between the two pixels, the difference data is all zero or small enough to be regarded as zero. For example, when the difference data is subjected to quantization processing, If the post-conversion data is all zero, or if the difference data is less than a predetermined value, the value may be included.
- the motion vector is added and encoded instead of the flag.
- Coding parameters can also be added to corresponding blocks of frames coded in the interframe bi-directional predictive coding mode. This makes it possible to completely decode the coding parameters, prevent loss of the image, and improve the quality of the decoded image.
- the frame coded in the interframe unidirectional prediction coding mode may be a backward reference frame of a frame coded in the interframe bi-directional prediction coding mode.
- the code amount of motion vector information is large compared to the flag indicating that the block is substantially identical to the block of the reference frame, according to this, it is encoded in the inter-frame one-way predictive coding mode.
- the motion vector information is added to at least the frame that is the reference frame of the frame encoded in the inter-frame bidirectional prediction code mode among the frames, so the inter-frame bidirectional prediction coding mode is It is possible to suppress the increase of the code amount while preventing the loss of the image which becomes a problem when decoding the encoded frame.
- the motion vector information may be coded as a zero vector.
- Yet another aspect of the present invention relates to an image coding apparatus.
- the image coding apparatus When coding a moving image, the image coding apparatus outputs, for each frame constituting the moving image, information indicating a coding mode for coding the frame.
- a coding unit that codes the frame based on the information indicating the coding mode output by the coding mode control unit, the coding unit further comprising: an interframe bidirectional prediction mode
- the blocks present in the reference frame which is the basis of the prediction may be It is determined whether or not the block is substantially the same as the block at the same position, and the number of blocks determined to be substantially the same is counted, and the coding mode control unit
- the number of blocks determined to be substantially the same is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold value as information indicating encoding mode when encoding a backward reference frame of a frame to be encoded in a prediction mode And outputting information indicating that the blocks determined
- the back reference frame is automatically copied as a copy of the forward reference frame, even if the back reference frame is copied.
- the forward reference frame for example, it is possible to have differential data from the reference frame. This makes it possible to prevent the loss of the image and improve the quality of the decoded image.
- motion vector information between the reference frame and the encoded data stream of the blocks is encoded.
- the code amount is smaller.
- the code amount becomes smaller in the latter case.
- this block is encoded using global motion compensation, and it is determined that the blocks are substantially the same. If the number of blocks obtained is less than a predetermined threshold, motion vector information with respect to the reference frame is added to the coded data string of that block to perform coding, resulting in high coding efficiency. Have the effect.
- This image coding apparatus is an image coding apparatus that codes a moving image to generate a coded data sequence, and an encoding unit that encodes a frame that constitutes the moving image, and the encoding unit Between frames When coding the target frame in the forward prediction mode, it indicates that the target frame is a block force of the rear reference frame to which the target frame is back referenced The copy of the predetermined block of the front reference frame to which the rear reference frame is the source If encoded using a flag, it is determined whether or not the block in the target frame corresponding to the block of the backward reference frame is to be a copy of a predetermined block of the forward reference frame. A determination unit, and an addition unit that adds flag information indicating the determination result of the determination unit to a coded data string.
- the back reference frame is automatically copied even if it is a copy of the forward reference frame.
- the forward reference frame instead of making a copy of the forward reference frame, for example, it is possible to have differential data from the reference frame. This makes it possible to prevent the loss of the image and improve the quality of the decoded image.
- the coding method determination unit determines that the block of the target frame is not a copy of a predetermined block of the forward reference frame
- the coding unit determines the target block of the forward reference frame and the target
- the difference data with the block of the frame may be encoded.
- the coding method determination unit may make the determination based on difference data between a block of the target frame and a predetermined block of the forward reference frame. For example, when the data amount of the differential data is larger than a predetermined threshold value, the differential data may be encoded and included in the encoded data string instead of copying the predetermined block of the forward reference frame. As a result, whether or not copying is to be made can be switched according to the data amount of differential data and the like, so that the image quality can be improved while suppressing an increase in the code amount.
- the addition unit may add the flag information to encoded data of the target frame or a block of the target frame.
- the addition unit may add the flag information to encoded data of a block of the backward reference frame or the backward reference frame.
- the addition unit may attach the flag information to a sequence header of the encoded data string. The position to which flag information is added is determined adaptively according to the amount of code, image quality, etc. You may
- Yet another aspect of the present invention relates to an image decoding apparatus.
- This image decoding apparatus is provided with a decoding unit that acquires and decodes a coded data string obtained by coding a moving image, and is added to a predetermined position in the coded data string, in the interframe bidirectional prediction mode.
- the flag information indicating whether or not the block of the encoded target frame is to be a copy of a predetermined block of the forward reference frame to which the target frame is forward referenced is acquired, and the decoding method is determined.
- the decoding method determination unit determines that the block of the target frame is a copy of a predetermined block of the forward reference frame
- the decoding unit determines the block of the target frame as the block.
- a predetermined block of the forward reference frame is copied, and the decoding method determination unit does not copy the block of the target frame as the copy of the predetermined block of the forward reference frame.
- the decoding method determination unit does not copy the block of the target frame as the copy of the predetermined block of the forward reference frame.
- This image coding method is an image coding method for coding a moving image to generate a coded data sequence, wherein the steps of coding a frame constituting the moving image and the coding are
- a target frame is coded using the inter-frame bi-directional prediction mode
- a block force with a rear reference frame to which the target frame back refers is a copy of a predetermined block of a front reference frame to which the rear reference frame refers to the front.
- a flag indicating that the block in the target frame corresponding to the block of the backward reference frame is to be a copy of a predetermined block of the forward reference frame.
- a step of adding flag information indicating a determination result to the encoded data string.
- Yet another aspect of the present invention relates to an image decoding method.
- This image decoding method comprises the steps of: acquiring and decoding a coded data sequence obtained by coding a moving image; It is determined whether the block of the target frame added to the predetermined position in the data string and encoded in the interframe bidirectional prediction mode is a copy of the predetermined block of the forward reference frame to which the target frame is forward referenced. Obtaining the flag information to indicate and determining a decoding method, wherein the decoding step determines that the block of the target frame is a copy of the predetermined block of the forward reference frame in the determining step.
- the predetermined block of the forward reference frame is copied to the block of the target frame and the block of the target frame is not to be copied of the predetermined block of the forward reference frame in the determination step.
- the difference between the block of the target frame and the predetermined block of the forward reference frame Characterized by decoding the data.
- Yet another aspect of the present invention relates to the data structure of a coded data string.
- This data structure is a data structure of a coded data sequence obtained by coding a moving image, and the first frame of the first frame coded in the interframe bidirectional prediction mode at a predetermined position of the coded data sequence.
- Flag information indicating whether the block is a copy of a predetermined block of the second frame to which the first frame forward-references, or whether differential data between the block of the first frame and the predetermined block of the second frame is decoded It is characterized by including.
- the compression ratio or the image quality of an image can be improved as compared to the case where a single reference mode is not used or used.
- FIG. 1 is a view schematically showing two types of encoding processing in the imaging device of Example 1 of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram showing a basic structure of an imaging device.
- FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram showing a detailed configuration of an image coding unit.
- FIG. 4 is a view schematically showing a table in which the relationship between resolution setting and reference mode is stored. Ru.
- FIG. 5 is a view schematically showing a table in which the relationship between the frame rate setting of an image and the reference mode is stored.
- FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing the procedure of the image coding method according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing the procedure of the image coding method according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 16 is a flowchart showing the procedure of the image coding method according to the embodiment.
- Garden 17 A diagram showing an entire configuration of an image code device according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing an example of a coded data string according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing yet another example of a coded data string according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing still another example of a coded data string according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram showing an overall configuration of an image decoding apparatus according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 23 is a flowchart showing the procedure of the image coding method of the embodiment.
- FIG. 24 is a flow chart showing the procedure of the image decoding method of the embodiment. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- the image coding apparatus and the imaging apparatus in the present embodiment are realized as a circuit for coding and a digital camera including the circuit.
- the circuit for encoding selects a reference mode of image encoding in accordance with the resolution setting of the image captured by the digital camera. Specifically, in high resolution imaging, a reference mode with a smaller processing load is selected, and in high resolution imaging, a reference mode with a higher processing load is selected. If this is configured to use only a single reference mode, the choice of reference mode must be designed to suit high-resolution shooting, and compression ratio and image quality should be prioritized even in high-resolution shooting. Can not. In the present embodiment, high compression rate and image quality can be realized except during high resolution imaging.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows two types of encoding processing in the imaging device of the first embodiment.
- the imaging apparatus of the present embodiment has at least a first mode 10 and a second mode 12 as reference modes in encoding processing, and selects one of the reference modes in accordance with the resolution setting at the time of photographing.
- the first mode 10 encode the image using only I-picture or I-I V o P and P-picture or P- VOP, and do not use B-picture or B-V o P.
- the second mode 12 the image is encoded using the I picture or I-V o P, the P picture or P-VOP, and the B picture or B-VOP.
- the first mode 10 and the second mode 12 have a difference as to whether or not to generate a B picture.
- the second mode 12 which generates B pictures although the data compression rate and the image quality are higher than those in the first mode 10, the load due to the encoding process is large.
- the first mode 10 in which the B picture is not generated at the time of high resolution photographing is selected as the reference mode.
- the B-VOP is not generated in the case of the MPEG4 system.
- the B-VOP is generated in the second mode 12 in which the MPEG4 SP (Simple Profile) may be used. You can use Advanced Simple Profile).
- the MPEG4 SP Simple Profile
- frame it may indicate the field when a frame consists of two fields.
- FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram showing the basic structure of the imaging device.
- the imaging device 14 is a digital camera capable of capturing a moving image.
- the imaging device 14 includes an image input unit 16, an image coding device 18, a control unit 20, a display unit 21, and a recording unit 22.
- the image input unit 16 optically acquires an image of a subject, converts it into an electrical image signal, and sends it to the image coding device 18.
- the image encoding device 18 encodes the image signal received from the image input unit 16 and sends it to the control unit 20.
- the control unit 20 sends the image encoded by the image encoding device 18 to the recording unit 22 and sends it to the display unit 21 based on the user's instruction.
- the display unit 21 displays the image sent from the control unit 20 on the liquid crystal screen.
- the recording unit 22 stores the image received from the control unit 20 in the recording medium 23 mounted on the recording unit 22.
- the recording medium 23 is, for example, a card type small hard disk or a non-volatile memory.
- FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram showing a detailed configuration of the image coding apparatus.
- the image code device 18 includes a motion vector detection circuit 24, a motion compensation circuit 26, a frame memory 28, a code circuit 30, a decoding circuit 32, an output buffer 34, a code amount control circuit 36, and a reference mode selection circuit 38. including.
- An image (hereinafter referred to as “current frame”) input from the image input unit 16 is sent to the motion vector detection circuit 24.
- the motion vector detection circuit 24 detects motion vectors between an image (hereinafter referred to as “reference frame”) which is stored in the frame memory 28 and is to be referred to in advance.
- the motion compensation circuit 26 obtains the value of the quantization step used for quantization from the code amount control circuit 36, and determines the coefficient of the quantization and the reference mode of the macro block.
- the motion vector detected by the motion vector detection circuit 24 and the quantization coefficient and the macroblock reference mode determined by the motion compensation circuit 26 are sent to the coding circuit 30. Also, the motion compensation circuit 26 sends the difference between the reference value for the macroblock and the actual value to the encoding circuit 30 as a reference error.
- the encoding circuit 30 encodes the reference error using the quantization coefficient and sends it to the output buffer 34.
- the coding circuit 30 sends the quantized reference error and the quantized coefficients to the decoding circuit 32.
- the decoding circuit 32 decodes and decodes the quantized reference error based on the quantization coefficient.
- the sum of the reference error and the reference value of the motion compensation circuit 26 is sent to the frame memory 28 as a decoded image. This decoded image is sent to the motion vector detection circuit 24 as a reference frame when it is referred to in the subsequent image coding process.
- the code amount control circuit 36 obtains the state of the storage amount of the output buffer 34, and generates the value of the quantization step to be used for the next quantization according to the state of the storage amount.
- Reference mode selection circuit 38 determines whether or not to use bi-directional coding as inter-frame coding, according to the image coding execution environment in imaging device 14, in this case according to the resolution setting of the captured image. Do. That is, reference mode selection circuit 38 selects a frame reference mode from intraframe coding, forward coding, and bidirectional coding, and transmits the frame to each circuit constituting image coding unit 18. Sends information indicating the reference mode. When bi-directional encoding is not used, the reference mode selection circuit 38 sends information indicating that global motion compensation is not used to the encoding circuit 30 as information indicating the frame reference mode.
- the reference mode selection circuit 38 sends, to the coding circuit 30, information indicating that global motion compensation is to be used as information indicating the frame reference mode.
- the coding circuit 30 acquires information that uses global motion compensation, the motion vector in the forward coding mode for which the vertical vector is zero and the horizontal vector is zero Code as a global motion vector.
- reference mode selection circuit 38 may be configured of an LSI for determining a reference mode based on a parameter indicating an execution environment of encoding, and information used for such determination is stored. It may be composed of the combination of the system register and the CPU.
- FIG. 4 schematically shows a table in which the relationship between the resolution setting and the reference mode is stored.
- the mode table 40 has a resolution setting field 42 and a reference mode field 44.
- the reference mode selection circuit 38 in this embodiment selects the reference mode according to the mode in which the resolution setting is set as the execution environment of the image coding. Information indicating which mode the resolution setting is set to is obtained from the control unit 20.
- a relatively low resolution of 320 x 240 dots S is set as mail mode 46, and a standard resolution of 640 x 480 dots is set as standard mode 48.
- the second mode 12 is defined in correspondence with the mail mode 46 and the standard mode 48, and the first mode 10 is defined in correspondence with the HD mode 50. That is, in the mail mode 46 and the standard mode 48, the second mode 12 is used in favor of the compression rate and the image quality.
- the first mode 10 in which the processing load is relatively small is used.
- the situation where the arithmetic processing can not be performed according to the execution environment of the coding processing can be avoided, and the image coding unit 18 can execute the coding processing in an appropriate processing time for any resolution setting. it can.
- the image coding apparatus and the imaging apparatus according to the present embodiment are different from those according to the first embodiment in that a reference mode of image coding is selected according to the frame rate setting of a captured image as an execution environment of coding processing. Specifically, at the time of high frame rate imaging, the reference mode using bi-directional encoding is selected with priority given to the compression rate and the image quality. On the other hand, if the frame rate is too low, the interval between the previous and next frames may be too wide to detect the motion vector, so the bidirectional reference may cause deterioration in the image quality. Therefore, when the frame rate is low, select the reference mode that does not use bidirectional coding.
- the selection of the reference mode has to be designed according to the low frame rate shooting, and the compression rate and the image quality decrease until the high frame rate shooting. Invite you.
- high compression rate and image quality can be realized at least at high frame rates.
- FIG. 5 schematically shows a table in which the relationship between the frame rate setting of an image and the reference mode is stored.
- the mode table 60 has a frame rate setting field 62 and a reference mode field 64.
- the reference mode selection circuit 38 in the present embodiment selects the reference mode in accordance with which mode the frame rate setting is set as the execution environment of the image coding. Information indicating which mode the frame rate setting is set to is obtained from the control unit 20.
- relatively low frame rate lO fps mode 66, medium frame rate 15 fps mode 68, and standard high frame rate are used.
- the 30 fps mode 70 is defined in the frame rate setting field 62.
- the first mode 10 is defined in correspondence with the lO fps mode 66 and the 15 fps mode 68
- the second mode 12 is defined in correspondence with the 30 fps mode 70. That is, in the 30 fps mode 70, the second mode 12 is selected with priority given to the compression rate and the image quality.
- the image coding unit 18 can execute the coding process with an appropriate image quality and compression rate at any frame rate setting.
- the image coding apparatus and the imaging apparatus in the present embodiment are the same as those in the first embodiment in that the reference mode of the image coding is selected according to the resolution setting of the photographed image as the execution environment of the coding process.
- the reference mode using bi-directional coding is selected with priority given to compression ratio and image quality, but when low resolution shooting is used bi-directional coding is required a level that requires compression ratio and image quality. There is a possibility that it will be as high as possible. Therefore, at the time of low-resolution imaging, the reference mode not using the bidirectional code is selected with priority given to processing speed and load reduction.
- the reference mode has to be designed for either high resolution shooting or low resolution shooting environment, and the compression rate and It is difficult to optimize the image quality.
- FIG. 6 schematically shows a table in which the relationship between the resolution setting of the image and the reference mode is stored.
- the mode table 80 has a resolution setting field 82 and a reference mode field 84.
- the reference mode selection circuit 38 in this embodiment selects the reference mode in accordance with the mode in which the resolution setting is set as the execution environment of the image coding. Information indicating which mode the resolution setting is set to is obtained from the control unit 20.
- the mail mode 86, the standard mode 88, and the HD mode 50 are defined in the resolution setting field 82 as in the first embodiment.
- the first mode 10 is defined in correspondence with the mail mode 86, and the correspondence with the standard mode 88 and the HD mode 90
- the second mode 12 is defined. That is, in the standard mode 88 and the HD mode 90, the second mode 12 is used with priority given to the compression ratio and the image quality.
- the processing load is increased and the bidirectional code is used. Is not found. Therefore, in the mail mode 86, the first mode 10 in which the processing load is relatively small is used.
- the image coding unit 18 can execute coding processing with an appropriate compression rate and image quality at any resolution setting.
- the image encoding apparatus and the imaging apparatus select the image encoding reference mode according to the setting of the image quality or the compression rate of the captured image as the execution environment of the encoding process. It is different from one three. Specifically, at the time of shooting with high image quality or high compression, the reference mode using bi-directional encoding is selected with priority given to the compression ratio and high image quality, but low image quality or low compression is set. When shooting, select the reference mode that does not use bi-directional coding, giving priority to processing speed and load reduction.
- the selection of the reference mode must be designed according to any environment of high image quality / high compression shooting or low image quality / low compression shooting. It is difficult to optimize the compression rate and image quality according to the environment. In this embodiment, it is possible to realize the compression rate and the image quality suitable for the execution environment of the encoding process.
- FIG. 7 schematically shows a table in which the relationship between the setting of the image quality and compression ratio of the image and the reference mode is stored.
- the mode table 100 has an image quality mode setting field 102 and a reference mode field 104.
- the reference mode selection circuit 38 in the present embodiment selects the reference mode in accordance with the mode in which the setting of the image quality and the compression rate is set as the execution environment of the image coding. Information indicating which mode the image quality and compression rate settings are set to is set is set is acquired from the control unit 20.
- normal mode 106 having relatively low image quality and compression rate and HQ mode 108 having relatively high image quality and compression rate are defined in image quality mode setting section 102.
- the first mode 10 is defined in correspondence with the normal mode 106
- the second mode 12 is defined in correspondence with the HQ mode 108. That is In the HQ mode 108, the second mode 12 is used in favor of high compression rate and high image quality, but in the normal mode 106, the processing load is increased and the bi-directional code is used. Is not found, so use the first mode 10.
- the image coding unit 18 can execute the optimum coding process at any setting of image quality and compression rate.
- the image coding apparatus and the imaging apparatus according to the present embodiment are different from those according to the first to fourth embodiments in that a reference mode of image coding is selected according to the characteristics of a captured image as an execution environment of coding processing. Specifically, in the normal mode shooting, the reference mode using bi-directional encoding is selected with priority given to the compression ratio and the image quality, but in the sport mode shooting, the motion of the subject is too large and the motion vector is not detected. Since there is a possibility, select the reference mode without bidirectional code.
- the selection of the reference mode must be designed according to the environment during shooting in the normal mode shooting or sports mode shooting, depending on the environment. It is difficult to optimize the appropriate compression rate and image quality. In this embodiment, it is possible to realize the compression rate and the image quality suitable for the execution environment of the encoding process.
- FIG. 8 schematically shows a table in which the relationship between the shooting mode setting and the reference mode is stored.
- the mode table 110 has a shooting mode setting field 112 and a reference mode field 114.
- the reference mode selection circuit 38 in the present embodiment selects the reference mode in accordance with the mode in which the photographing mode setting is set as the execution environment of the image coding. Information indicating which mode the shooting mode setting is set to is acquired from the control unit 20.
- the normal mode 116 and the sport mode 118 are defined in the shooting mode setting field 112.
- the second mode 12 is defined in correspondence with the normal mode 116
- the first mode 10 is defined in correspondence with the sport mode 118. That is, in the normal mode 116, the second mode 12 is selected with priority given to the compression rate and the image quality.
- the sport mode 118 there is a possibility that the image quality may be degraded if the bi-directional coding is used when the motion is not detected because the motion of the subject is too large. Therefore, in the sport mode 118, the first mode 10 which does not use the bidirectional code is performed. select. As a result, the image encoding unit 18 can execute the optimum encoding process in any imaging mode.
- the image encoding apparatus and the imaging apparatus select the image encoding reference mode according to the free space of the recording medium for storing the captured image as the execution environment of the encoding process. It is different from one five. Specifically, if the free space of the recording medium is smaller than a predetermined amount, the reference mode using bi-directional encoding, which is a mode with a relatively high compression rate, is selected, but if the free space of the recording medium is larger than a predetermined amount Select a reference mode that does not use bi-directional coding, which is a mode with a relatively low compression ratio.
- the reference mode should not be designed according to the environment where the free space of the recording medium is more, less or less, less than or equal to the predetermined value. It is difficult to optimize the compression rate according to the environment. In this embodiment, a compression ratio suitable for the execution environment of the encoding process can be realized.
- FIG. 9 schematically shows a table in which the relationship between the free space of the recording medium and the reference mode is stored.
- the mode table 120 has a free space field 122 and a reference mode field 124.
- the reference mode selection circuit 38 in this embodiment selects the reference mode according to how much free space of the recording medium is as an execution environment of image coding.
- Information indicating the free space of the recording medium is acquired from the recording unit 22.
- a free space column 122 defines a first state 126 in which the free space is 50% or more and a second state 128 in which the free space is less than 50%.
- the first mode 10 is defined in correspondence with the first state 126
- the second mode 12 is defined in correspondence with the second state 128. That is, in the first state 126, since the recording medium has sufficient free space, the first mode 10 having a lower compression rate is selected. On the other hand, since the free space of the recording medium is small in the second state 128, the second mode 12 is selected with priority given to the height of the compression rate. As a result, the image encoding unit 18 can execute the optimum encoding process regardless of the free space of the recording medium.
- the image encoding device and the imaging device in the present embodiment have a coding processing execution environment and
- the second embodiment differs from the first to sixth embodiments in that the reference mode of image coding is selected according to the type of recording medium for storing a captured image. Specifically, since the bit rate, which is the data transfer rate to the recording medium, varies depending on the type of recording medium, when a high bit rate recording medium is loaded, the mode with a relatively low compression ratio is used. Select a reference mode that does not use a certain bidirectional coding, and select a reference mode that uses a bidirectional code that is a mode with a relatively high compression rate when a low bit rate recording medium is installed.
- the reference mode must be designed for a high bit rate or low bit rate recording medium, or one of the recording media, and the compression rate according to the environment. Optimization is difficult. In this embodiment, it is possible to realize a compression rate suitable for the execution environment of the encoding process.
- FIG. 10 schematically shows a table in which the relationship between the free capacity of the recording medium and the reference mode is stored.
- the mode table 130 has a recording medium type field 132 and a reference mode field 134.
- the reference mode selection circuit 38 in the present embodiment selects the reference mode according to the type of recording medium as an execution environment of image coding. Information indicating the type of recording medium is acquired from the recording unit 22.
- a small hard disk 136 having a high bit rate, a memory card 138 having a low bit rate, and an internal memory 140 having a high bit rate are defined in a type field 132 of the recording medium.
- the first mode 10 is defined in correspondence with the small hard disk 136 and the internal memory 140
- the second mode 12 is defined in correspondence with the memory card 138. That is, in the case of the small hard disk 136 and the internal memory 140, since the bit rate is high, the first mode 10 having a low compression ratio and a relatively large data size is selected.
- the memory card 138 has a low bit rate, the second mode 12 having a high compression rate and a relatively small data size is selected.
- the image coding unit 18 can execute optimum coding processing regardless of the type of recording medium.
- the image encoding apparatus and the imaging apparatus select the image encoding reference mode in accordance with whether or not the imaging mode supports special reproduction as an execution environment of the encoding process.
- One is different from seven. Specifically, it supports special playback such as 2x speed playback
- each frame can be coded in the order of I picture, B picture, P picture, and B picture, and B pictures can be inserted every other frame.
- double-speed playback can be realized simply by skipping B-pictures at the time of playback. Therefore, using bidirectional coding to generate B-pictures is a great advantage in terms of specifications.
- the first mode 10 is selected because a great advantage in terms of generation is not found in generating a B picture.
- the selection of the reference mode must be designed to match either the shooting corresponding to special playback or the shooting not corresponding, and the code according to the environment Optimization is difficult.
- FIG. 11 schematically shows a table in which the relationship between the shooting mode and the reference mode is stored.
- the mode table 150 has a shooting mode field 152 and a reference mode field 154.
- the reference mode selection circuit 38 in the present embodiment selects the reference mode in accordance with whether or not the shooting mode supports special reproduction as an execution environment of image coding.
- a shooting mode 156 corresponding to special playback such as double speed playback and a shooting mode 158 not corresponding to special playback are defined in the shooting mode field 152.
- the second mode 12 is defined in correspondence with the photographing mode 156 corresponding to special reproduction
- the first mode 10 is defined in correspondence with the photographing mode 158 not corresponding to special reproduction.
- the image coding unit 18 can execute the optimum coding processing according to the photographing mode.
- the configuration has been described in which the reference mode is selected according to each parameter such as resolution setting, frame rate setting, and image quality setting as an execution environment of the encoding process.
- select the reference mode according to the line speed at the time of image transmission transfer, the congestion degree of the line, the processing capacity of the transfer destination, etc. May be At this time, if the line speed is high, if the degree of congestion on the line is low, if the processing capacity of the transfer destination is high, select the first mode 10 with a small compression ratio, and otherwise select the second mode.
- the mode 12 may be selected.
- the imaging is performed.
- the reference mode may be selected according to the power consumption of the image device 14 and the remaining capacity of the battery. At this time, when the power consumption is high, the first mode 10 having a smaller load may be selected when the remaining amount of the battery is low, and the second mode 12 may be selected otherwise.
- the reference mode selection circuit 38 may select according to at least two or more of these various parameters.
- the combination of each parameter and the reference mode optimum for the combination are associated with each other and stored in the mode table.
- MPEG-4 which is a standard for compression encoding of moving pictures
- a macroblock having a target image to be encoded and a reference image to be referenced when the target image is encoded. If the difference data of the macro block corresponding to the macro block is substantially zero, the code amount is calculated by coding using the "not_coded" flag indicating that it is a copy of the reference image.
- a macroblock in the P-VOP which is a backward reference image of the target image
- a corresponding macroblock in the forward reference image of the target image When encoding is performed using the “not_coded” flag indicating that the image is a copy of the image, the corresponding macroblock in the target image is also a copy of the corresponding macroblock in the forward reference image (eg, 154250). This makes it possible to reduce the code amount significantly.
- FIG. 12 shows an example of encoding a moving image according to the MPEG-4 system.
- the example shown in FIG. 1 shows an example in which three continuous images 190a, 190b and 190c are encoded as P ⁇ V VP, B-VOP and P-V ⁇ P, respectively.
- compression coding is performed in the interframe forward prediction mode with the image 1 90a force S, the previous I 1 V V P or P-VOP as a reference image.
- the image 190c is compressed and encoded in the forward prediction mode, using the image 190a that is the immediately preceding P-V ⁇ P as a reference image.
- the macroblock 192 c is substantially the same as the macroblock 192 a of the forward reference image 190 a, and the difference is substantially zero. Because it is a mouth, it is encoded using the "not_coded" flag.
- the image of the macroblock 192a is copied to the macroblock 192c.
- the image 190b is compressed and encoded in the bi-prediction mode with the force image 190a as a forward reference image and the image 190c as a backward reference image.
- the macro block 192 c of the back reference image 190 c corresponding to the macro block 192 b of the image 190 b to be encoded is encoded using the “not_coded” flag, and thus the macro block 192 c of the image 190 b Macroblock 192b is similarly encoded using the "not_coded” flag.
- the image of the macro block 192a is copied to the macro block 192b.
- an object of the second to fifth embodiments is to provide a technique for reducing deterioration in image quality when coding a moving image.
- the configuration of the image coding device 18 of the present embodiment is the same as the configuration of the image coding device 18 of the first embodiment shown in FIG.
- the image coding device 18 according to the present embodiment performs moving image coding based on M PEG-4.
- the P-V VP back-references with "not_coded" flag in P-V ⁇ P If a coded macroblock is present, it is also treated as a copy of the forward reference frame in BV OP. As described above, this may cause the image to be lost, so in this embodiment, forward reference is made to B-V VP. Change the coding scheme of the back reference frame so that it does not become a copy of the frame.
- B-VOP is made to have difference data by treating it as a global motion vector. This can avoid the problems described above and improve the quality of compressed images within the scope of the current M PEG-4 standard.
- points different from the first embodiment will be mainly described.
- the reference mode selection circuit 38 switches the frame prediction mode between intraframe coding, interframe forward prediction coding, and interframe bi-directional prediction coding.
- the prediction mode information of the frame is output.
- the reference mode selection circuit 38 first obtains a profile when coding a moving image, and determines whether or not the inter-frame bidirectional prediction mode is included.
- Profiles in MPEG-4 include SP (Simple Profile), ASP (Advanced Simple Profile), etc. Among them, SP is encoded by intraframe coding, and it is an interframe forward direction It is a profile combining P-VOP encoded by prediction mode, and B-VOP not included, which is encoded by inter-frame bidirectional prediction mode.
- ASP is a profile that can use B-VOP in addition to I-VOP and P-VOP.
- the reference mode selection circuit 38 determines from the information such as the profile and the type of moving image whether or not the inter-frame bidirectional prediction mode is included.
- the reference mode selection circuit 38 determines that the moving image to be encoded is to be encoded including the interframe bidirectional prediction mode, it is encoded in the interframe bidirectional prediction mode.
- B Output information indicating that global motion compensation is to be used as information indicating the frame prediction mode when encoding the backward reference frame of the VOP.
- the encoding circuit 30 encodes one in which the motion vector tone in the interframe forward prediction mode is zero vector and the global motion vector is zero vector.
- the coding circuit 30 may be a macroblock in which the motion vector threshold in the interframe forward prediction mode is zero vector and the difference data from the forward reference frame is substantially zero, that is, Macroblocks encoded with the "not_coded" flag are encoded using global motion compensation.
- the encoding circuit 30 sets the frame as an S-VOP including global motion vector. Encode.
- the reference image to the corresponding macroblock of B-VOP Can have difference data with Thereby, it is possible to prevent the loss of the image and to improve the image quality of the decoded image.
- the reference mode selection circuit 38 can switch only P- VOP to which B- V o P back-references to S- V o P with a global motion vector, or B-V o P If it is an existing profile, switch all P PP to S— V with global motion vector.
- the reference mode selection circuit 38 may also switch the P-VOP to an S-VOP with a global motion vector when a macro block of "not_coded" appears during P-VPP encoding. And, when "not_coded" macroblock appears more than a predetermined number, it is possible to switch the P-VOP to the S-VOP with global motion vector.
- FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing the procedure of the image coding method of the present embodiment.
- the reference mode selection circuit 38 acquires a profile for encoding a moving image, and determines whether or not a B-VOP appears (S10). If the B-VOP does not appear (N in S10), the image encoding device 18 encodes the moving image in the normal manner without performing special processing (S14). If the B-VOP is a profile in which the VOP appears (Y in S10), the reference mode selection circuit 38 predicts forward with the global motion vector (0, 0) added when the P-VOP is coded. The frame prediction mode information to the effect of coding is output using the mode (S12). The coding circuit 30, in response to an instruction from the reference mode selection circuit 38, codes the image to be coded as an S-VOP having a global motion vector (0, 0).
- the image coding device 18 performs moving image coding in accordance with MPEG-4.
- MPEG-4 When encoding according to the MPEG-4 standard, when encoding with a profile that includes B-VOP, it is encoded with "not_coded" flag in P- VOP to which B-V ⁇ P back-references If a macro block exists, it will be treated as a copy of the forward reference frame even if it is in B-V ⁇ P. As described above, this may cause the image to be lost. In this embodiment, therefore, the B-VoP does not become a copy of the forward reference frame. Change the coding scheme of the backward reference frame.
- the configuration of the image coding apparatus 18 of the present embodiment is the same as that of the image coding apparatus 18 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. The following mainly describes differences from the first embodiment.
- reference mode selection circuit 38 first obtains a profile for encoding a moving image from a control circuit (not shown) that controls the entire image encoding device 18 or the like. , It is determined whether an interframe bidirectional prediction mode is included.
- the profile may be set by the control circuit according to an instruction from the outside, or may be set automatically by the control circuit according to the use environment of the image encoding device 18.
- Profiles in MPEG-4 include SP (Simple Profile) and ASP (Advanced Simple Profile). Of these, SP is an I VOP encoded by intraframe coding and an interframe forward prediction mode. It is a profile combining P-VOP encoded by B-VOP not included, which is encoded by inter-frame bidirectional prediction mode.
- ASP is a profile that can use B-VOP in addition to IVOP and P-VOP.
- the reference mode selection circuit 38 determines whether the inter-frame bi-directional prediction mode is included or not from the information such as the profile and the type of moving image.
- the reference mode selection circuit 38 determines that the moving image to be encoded is to be encoded including the inter-frame forward prediction mode and the inter-frame bi-directional prediction mode
- the forward prediction mode a certain P-V ⁇ P is coded in a forward prediction mode, and a certain macroblock force S that constitutes P-V ⁇ P is present in the forward reference frame and is the same as a P-VOP's macroblock
- the reference numeral I spoon in data sequence Ugokibesotoru information between forward reference frame instead of Caro with a "no t_ CO ded" flag Appends information to the effect of encoding.
- the coding circuit 30 receives this information and Macroblocks that can be encoded with the not_coded flag are coded by adding motion vector information, which is a mouth vector, without using the "not_coded" flag.
- This causes the B-VOP to reference a corresponding macroblock of the B-VPP even if it is substantially identical to the corresponding macroblock of a frame to which the B-VOP is back-referenced. It is possible to have coding parameters including motion vector information between the images and prediction errors. Therefore, the loss of the image can be prevented, and the image quality of the decoded image can be improved.
- the reference mode selection circuit 38 switches the block that can be encoded using the "not_coded” flag with only the P-VOP to which the B-V ⁇ P back-references to be encoded with motion vector information added. If it is a profile in which B-VOP exists, it is possible to encode blocks that can be encoded using the "not_coded” flag, with motion vector information, for all P-V ⁇ P. You may switch. In addition, when the “not_coded” macro block appears more than a predetermined number, the reference mode selection circuit 38 selects a block that can be coded by using the “not_coded” flag in the P-VOP, and the motion vector information It may be switched to add and encode.
- FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing the procedure of the image coding method of the present embodiment.
- the reference mode selection circuit 38 acquires a profile when encoding a moving image, and determines whether or not a B-VOP appears (S20). B— If the VOP does not appear (N in S20), the image coding device 18 permits the use of the “not_coded” flag when coding with the P-VOP. (S24). If the B-VOP is a profile where it appears (Y in S20), the reference mode selection circuit 38 is a block that can be encoded using the "not_coded” flag when encoding the P-VOP.
- the encoding circuit 30 receives the instruction from the reference mode selection circuit 38, and encodes the image to be encoded.
- a method using a global motion vector has been shown as a method of encoding P-VOP, which is a backward reference frame of B-V ⁇ P.
- P-VOP which is a backward reference frame of B-V ⁇ P.
- zero vector no Shows a method of adding motion vector information indicating. In either case, however, the amount of code increases in comparison with encoding using the "not_coded" flag.
- a flag indicating whether or not to use a global motion vector is added to all the macroblocks, and the code amount is increased accordingly.
- motion vector information indicating a zero vector motion vector information is also added to all macro blocks that can be encoded using the "not_coded" flag, so the code amount increases accordingly.
- the image coding apparatus 18 of the present embodiment is coded using a global motion vector as in the second embodiment. It is possible to switch between a mode to be performed and a mode in which motion vector information indicating zero vector is added and encoded as in the third embodiment.
- the overall configuration of the image coding apparatus 18 according to the present embodiment is the same as the image coding apparatus 18 according to the first embodiment, and the coding circuit 30, the output buffer 34 and the reference mode selection circuit The operation of 38 is partially different.
- the coding circuit 30, the output buffer 34 and the reference mode selection circuit The operation of 38 is partially different.
- reference mode selection circuit 38 determines that the moving image to be encoded is to be encoded including the inter-frame forward prediction mode and the inter-frame bi-directional prediction mode
- a certain P-V ⁇ P is coded in a forward prediction mode
- a certain macroblock force S that constitutes P-V ⁇ P is present in the forward reference frame and is the same as a P-VOP's macroblock
- the reference numeral I spoon in data sequence Ugokibesotoru information between forward reference frame instead of Caro with a "no t_ CO ded" flag Attached It outputs information to the effect that it is to be encoded.
- the coding circuit 30 codes the macro blocks that can be coded with the "not_coded” flag, adding motion vector information which is a mouth vector, without using the "not_coded” flag, It is stored in the output buffer 34.
- coding circuit 30 corresponds to a backward reference frame of B-Vp P, which is a backward reference frame, in which the motion vector in the interframe forward prediction mode is a zero vector
- the motion vector threshold is encoded as a zero vector, which is also stored in the output buffer 34.
- the encoding circuit 30 counts the number of macroblocks that can be encoded with the "not_coded" flag while encoding P- V P P, which is a backward reference frame of B-VOP, and The number is notified to the reference mode selection circuit 38.
- the reference mode selection circuit 38 detects the number of macroblocks that can be encoded with the "not_coded" flag notified from the encoding circuit 30. When the number exceeds a predetermined threshold, the B-VOP It switches to the information to the effect that global motion compensation is to be used as the information indicating the code mode when encoding the backward reference frame P-VOP.
- This threshold may be a value determined in advance internally or may be designated by the user from the outside.
- Coding circuit 30 adds motion vector information that is a zero vector when coding mode output from reference mode selection circuit 38 is switched to information indicating that global motion compensation is to be used. Continue to encode the motion vector in the interframe forward prediction mode with a zero motion vector using global motion compensation, and continue to send this encoded data to the output buffer 34. Remember. Then, after completion of the coding of P 1 VOP, the output buffer 34 outputs a coded data string coded using the global motion vector.
- the number S of the macroblocks that can be encoded with the “not_coded” flag, and the P- VOP, which is a backward reference frame of B—V ⁇ P that does not reach a predetermined threshold value, is completed.
- the coding mode output from the reference mode selection circuit 38 is not switched, and the method of coding by adding motion vector information that is zero vector is continued until the end.
- P-VOP encoding is completed, the encoded data string encoded by adding motion vector information which is a zero vector is output from the output buffer 34.
- reference mode selection circuit 38 adds a motion vector information that is a zero vector and adds a motion vector information that is a zero vector only to P-VOP to which B-VOP back-references, or uses a global motion vector.
- encoding may be performed by adding motion vector information which is a zero vector at all P-V ⁇ P, or Alternatively, coding may be performed using a global motion vector.
- FIG. 16 is a flowchart showing the procedure of the image coding method according to the present embodiment.
- the reference mode selection circuit 38 acquires a profile at the time of encoding a moving image, and determines whether B-V ⁇ P appears (S30). B— If the VOP does not appear (N in S30), the image coding device 18 permits the use of the “not_coded” flag when coding with the P-VOP. (S38). If the B-V ⁇ P is a profile in which it appears (Y in S30), the reference mode selection circuit 38 uses the "not_coded” flag to encode the block when encoding P_V ⁇ P. It is determined whether the number is equal to or greater than a predetermined number (S32).
- the reference mode selection circuit 38 If the number is less than the predetermined number (N in S32), the reference mode selection circuit 38 outputs frame prediction mode information indicating that the motion vector is to be added with motion vector information that is (0, 0) and encoded ( S34). If more than the predetermined number (Y in S32), the reference mode selection circuit 38 uses the forward prediction mode in which the global motion vector (0, 0) is given at the sign of P1 VOP. Frame code / mode information indicating that the code is to be output is output (S36). The image coding device 18 outputs a coded data sequence based on the frame code / mode information output from the reference mode selection circuit 38.
- the image coding apparatus 18 can obtain the following effects S.
- B-V P P Back reference frame P-VOP either a coding mode using a global motion vector or a coding mode adding motion vector information a zero vector
- B-VOP a certain macroblock force of the back-referenced frame
- the corresponding macroblock of B-V ⁇ P Can have coding parameters including motion vector information between the reference image and prediction errors. Therefore
- the encoding mode of the P- VOP is determined according to the number of macroblocks that can be encoded using the "not_coded" flag.
- the coding mode can be switched to either a coding mode using a global motion vector or a coding mode to add motion vector information that is a zero vector. This makes it possible to select a coding mode with good coding efficiency depending on the number of code-capable macroblocks using the "not_coded” flag, and minimizes the increase in code amount. It is possible to do S.
- the reference mode selection circuit 38 may provide two thresholds TH1 and TH2 (TH1 ⁇ TH2) with respect to the number of “not_coded” macroblocks. In this case, if the number of macroblocks of not.codedj is less than TH1, use of the "not_coded” flag in P-VOP is permitted, and if the number of macroblocks of "not_coded” is greater than STH1 and less than TH2, In P— V P P, switch the blocks that can be encoded using the “not_coded” flag to be encoded by adding motion vector information, and when the number of macroblocks of “not_coded” is T H 2 or more, You may switch to encoding using the global motion vector.
- a mode for coding a macro block that can be coded using the “not_coded” flag using a global motion vector and the selection of the mode for coding by adding a motion vector representing the zero vector may be performed from outside Nag simply by determining the number of macroblocks "not_ CO ded". That is, the image encoding device 18 may be provided with an input unit, and may be selected by an instruction of the user via the input unit. Also, it may be selected in accordance with the specifications of the decoding device to which the encoded data sequence is to be sent. For example, the decoding device at the transmission destination may support global motion compensation, in which case it may be possible to select a mode for encoding by adding a motion vector representing a zero vector.
- encoding circuit 30 encodes a macroblock that can be encoded using the “not_coded” flag with encoding using global motion vector and a motion vector representing zero vector.
- the macro block that can be coded using the “not_coded” flag is zeroed. Only coding for adding a motion vector representing a turtle may be performed and stored in the output buffer 34. In this case, the frame coding mode information output from the reference mode selection circuit 38 adds a motion vector representing a zero vector when the coding of the frame to be coded is completed.
- the encoded data string stored in the output buffer 34 is output as it is. If the frame coding mode information S output from the reference mode selection circuit 38 represents a coding mode using a global motion vector, the coded data string stored in the output buffer 34 is It converts the vector data into a coded data string and outputs it.
- the coding mode using the global motion vector and the zero vector are used. Not only this, but switching may be performed according to the number of macroblocks that can be encoded using a "not_coded” flag included in a frame encoded in the past. .
- the “not_coded” flag is used if the difference with the macro block of the forward reference frame is small. If the difference is large, the difference data is encoded. Then, a force to copy the macro block of the forward reference frame and a flag indicating whether to decode differential data from the reference frame (hereinafter simply referred to as “decision flag”) are inserted into the encoded data string.
- the image decoding apparatus refers to the determination flag to determine whether the corresponding macroblock is to be a copy of the forward reference frame or to decode differential data, and the determination flag is a copy.
- the difference data is decoded and referred to. Add to the picture of the frame. As a result, it is possible to avoid the above-mentioned problems and to improve the image quality of the compressed image while suppressing an increase in the code amount.
- FIG. 17 shows the configuration of the image coding apparatus 18 according to the present embodiment.
- the configuration of the image coding device 18 according to the present embodiment is the same as the image coding device 18 according to the first embodiment shown in FIG.
- the encoding method determination circuit 240 and the determination flag attached color circuit 242 are provided.
- the other configuration and operation are similar to those of the first embodiment. The differences from the first embodiment will mainly be described below.
- Coding method determination circuit 240 back-references the coded macro block using the "not_coded" flag. When coding a macro block of B—P, the corresponding macro block is referred to. It is determined whether or not it may be treated as a copy of the corresponding macroblock in the forward reference frame.
- the coding method determination circuit 240 obtains difference data between the current frame and the reference frame output from the motion compensation circuit 26, and if the amount of difference data is smaller than a predetermined threshold value, It is permitted to make a copy, and when it is large, the encoding circuit 30 is made to encode difference data.
- the coding method determination circuit 240 transmits the determination result to the determination flag addition circuit 242.
- the coding method determination circuit 240 determines the code amount required for the coded data sequence, the image quality of the decoded image, the application of the decoded image, the capacity of the medium for recording the image, the state of the communication path for transmitting and receiving the image, etc. In accordance with, it may be determined whether or not to copy the forward reference frame. Such determination criteria may be supplied to the encoding method determination circuit 240 as control information from a device on which the image encoding device 18 is mounted. For example, when priority is given to the image quality of the decoded image, even if the difference data is small, the difference data may be encoded and included in the encoded data sequence, and copying of the forward reference frame may be prohibited. When an image is recorded on a mobile phone or the like and transmitted, the threshold value for determination may be increased, and the amount of code may be reduced by not including differential data as much as possible.
- the determination flag addition circuit 242 acquires the determination result by the encoding method determination circuit 240, and adds a determination flag to a predetermined position of the encoded data stream.
- the determination flag may be added to each macroblock of B-VOP, may be added to each B-VOP, or is added to each macroblock of a frame to which B-V ⁇ P is to refer back. B-VOP may be added for each frame to which back reference is made.
- the determination flag may be added to the macroblock encoded using the “not_coded” flag of the frame to which the B-VOP refers backward, It may be added to a frame containing a macroblock encoded using the "not_coded” flag.
- the judgment flag is It may be added to the sequence header of the encoded data stream.
- the judgment flag attached color circuit 242 is based on the number of macro blocks to be processed as a copy of the forward reference frame among the macroblocks included in the B- VOP. Also, determine the judgment flag to be added. For example, when the number of macroblocks to be processed as a copy exceeds half, a value to permit copying of the forward reference frame is added as a determination flag, and all the macroblocks included in the B-VoP are forward. It may be processed as a copy of the reference frame. Similarly, when adding the determination flag to the sequence header, the determination flag adding circuit 242 may determine the determination flag according to the number of macroblocks or frames processed as a copy of the forward reference frame.
- the determination flag addition circuit 242 determines the code amount required for the encoded data string, the quality of the decoded image, the application of the decoded image, the capacity of the medium for recording the image, the state of the communication path for transmitting and receiving the image, etc.
- the position to which the determination flag is to be added may be determined according to Such determination criteria may be supplied to the encoding method determination circuit 240 as control information of the device power on which the image code device 18 is mounted. For example, when priority is given to the image quality of the decoded image, a determination flag may be added to each macro block. If you want to reduce the code amount, you may add a judgment flag to each frame or to the sequence header.
- FIGS. 18 to 21 show examples of the data structure of the coded data sequence generated by the image coding device 18 according to the present embodiment.
- the encoded data string has a function of making the block of the first frame coded in the interframe bi-prediction mode in its predetermined position as a copy of the predetermined block of the second frame to which the first frame refers to the first frame. And a determination flag indicating whether to decode differential data between the block of the first frame and the predetermined block of the second frame.
- FIG. 18 shows an example in which the determination flag is added to the sequence header.
- the encoded data string 300 corresponds to "Video Object Layer J in MPEG-4 and includes a sequence header 302 and a plurality of frames 310.
- Frame 310 corresponds to" Video Object Plane "in MPEG-4 and is a frame header. 312 and a plurality of macroblocks 320.
- the macroblock 320 corresponds to “Macroblock” in MPEG-4, and includes a macroblock header 322 and code data 324 obtained by encoding motion vectors and difference data.
- the sequence Data 304 indicating the type of the profile of the encoded data string 300 is stored at a predetermined position of the header 302. Then, if the profile of the encoded data string 300 is a profile that can use B-VOP and the encoded data string 300 includes a B-VOP, the judgment flag 306 is placed at a predetermined position of the sequence header 302. It is added.
- FIG. 19 shows an example in which the determination flag is added to the frame header.
- the frame header 312 of the frame to which B-V OP or B-V ⁇ P back-references indicates data 314 indicating the type of V ⁇ P and whether this VOP has difference data or not.
- Flag information 316 is stored. Then, in the case of having differential data, the determination flag 318 is added to a predetermined position of the frame header.
- FIG. 20 shows an example in which the determination flag is added to the macroblock header of the frame to which B-V ⁇ P back-references.
- the “not_coded” flag 326 is stored in the frame to which the B-V ⁇ P back-references, for example, the macroblock header 322 of the P-V OP. Then, it is added to a predetermined position of the header 322, for example, immediately after the “not_coded” flag 326.
- FIG. 21 shows an example in which the determination flag is added to the macroblock header of the B-VOP.
- the judgment flag 130 is added to a predetermined position of the macroblock header 322, for example, the beginning.
- the macroblock force with a frame to which B- VOP back-references is almost the same as the corresponding macroblock of the frame to which forward-reference is made, and is encoded with the "not_coded” flag. Even if it exists, the corresponding macroblock of B-VOP can have difference data with the reference image. This makes it possible to prevent the loss of the image and improve the quality of the decoded image. Also, when the difference between the macro block of B-VPP and the macro block of the forward reference frame is small, encoding is performed using the "not_coded" flag, so the code amount can be suppressed.
- FIG. 22 shows an entire configuration of an image decoding apparatus 350 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- This image decoding apparatus 350 receives a data from the buffer 362 that stores an encoded data string compressed and encoded by the MPEG-4 system, and the data from the buffer 362, and receives a variable length code such as a motion vector.
- a variable length code such as a motion vector.
- the transform coefficient obtained by the variable length decoding circuit 364 and the inverse quantization circuit 366 which converts the transformation coefficient obtained by the variable length decoding circuit 364 into DCT coefficients, and the inverse quantization circuit 3 66.
- inverse DCT circuit 368 which converts the generated DCT coefficient sequence into DCT coefficients of the 8 ⁇ 8 block unit and performs inverse DCT to output difference data, a reference address based on the motion vector, and the difference data.
- a motion compensation unit 376 that generates output image data after decoding the image from the image data and storing the image in an internal memory.
- a motion compensation unit 376 adds a frame memory 372 for storing image data, a motion compensation circuit 370 for reading out reference image data from the frame memory 372 based on a motion vector, and adds reference image data and difference data. And an addition circuit 374 for outputting the decoded image data to a frame memory 372.
- the frame memory 372 outputs output image data.
- the decoding method determination circuit 380 acquires a determination flag at a predetermined position in the encoded data stream, and determines a B-V ⁇ P decoding method.
- the position of the judgment flag may be the header of a macro block, a frame header, a sequence header or the like, or any other position may be shared between the image encoding device 18 and the image decoding device 350.
- the recognition power of S is good.
- Decoding method determination circuit 380 determination flag, when the B-VOP macroblock you back reference has been coded in the "no T_coded" flag, B- macroblock lock VOP as a copy of the forward reference frame If the value indicates processing, the motion compensation circuit 370 is notified to perform copying.
- the motion compensation circuit 370 reads the macro block of the forward reference frame from the frame memory 372 and copies it to the macro block of the B-VOP.
- the decoding method determination circuit 380 causes the inverse quantization circuit 366 and the inverse DCT circuit 368 to decode the difference data if the determination flag indicates that the difference data is to be decoded without permitting copying, and the decoding is performed. Converted difference data is added to the forward reference frame macroblock to obtain a B-V ⁇ P macroblock. Thereby, the encoded data sequence encoded by the image encoding device 18 according to the present embodiment can be appropriately decoded.
- FIG. 23 is a flowchart showing the procedure of the image coding method according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 23 shows a procedure in which the image coding device 18 codes a target frame in the interframe bidirectional prediction mode.
- the encoding method determination circuit 24 0 force Enforcement target macroblock force Macros encoded with “not_coded” flag It is checked whether or not the block is back-referenced (S 110). Macro block of the backward reference frame is not "not _ co ded" (S110 of N), performs a normal encoding process.
- the coding method determination circuit 240 copy the macroblock to be encoded also into the macroblock of the forward reference frame? It is determined whether or not (S 112).
- the decision flag attached flag circuit 242 inserts the copy of the forward reference frame into the predetermined position of the encoded data sequence. A determination flag is added (S 114).
- the encoding circuit 30 encodes the difference data (S 116), and the color determination circuit with the determination flag A determination flag indicating that the data 242 includes difference data is added (S118).
- FIG. 24 is a flowchart showing the procedure of the image decoding method according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 24 shows a procedure in which the image decoding device 350 decodes a frame coded in the interframe bi-prediction mode.
- the decoding method determination circuit 380 acquires the determination flag added to the predetermined position of the encoded data sequence (S130), and confirms the type of the determination flag (S132). If the determination flag is a value indicating that the macroblock of the B- VOP's backward reference frame is "not_coded" and the macroblock of the B- VOP is also a copy of the forward reference frame's macroblock.
- the decoding method determination circuit 3 80 instructs other circuits to insert a copy of the macro block of the forward reference frame into the macro block of the B-VOP (S134).
- the determination flag is a value indicating that the macro block of B-VOP contains difference data (N in S132)
- the decoding judgment circuit 380 decodes the difference data and outputs the macro of B-VOP. Instruct other circuits to generate an image of the block (S136).
- the present invention is applicable to an image coding apparatus for coding a moving image.
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Abstract
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JP2005517655A JPWO2005076629A1 (ja) | 2004-02-09 | 2005-01-27 | 画像符号化装置及び撮像装置 |
US10/588,791 US20070291131A1 (en) | 2004-02-09 | 2005-01-27 | Apparatus and Method for Controlling Image Coding Mode |
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JPWO2020161969A1 (ja) * | 2019-02-06 | 2021-11-25 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 画像処理装置、撮影装置、画像処理方法及び画像処理プログラム |
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US20070291131A1 (en) | 2007-12-20 |
TW200534715A (en) | 2005-10-16 |
JPWO2005076629A1 (ja) | 2007-10-18 |
TWI258990B (en) | 2006-07-21 |
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