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WO2005055548A1 - Procede de mise en oeuvre du protocole d'emulation de pseudo-circuits entre routeurs peripheriques - Google Patents

Procede de mise en oeuvre du protocole d'emulation de pseudo-circuits entre routeurs peripheriques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005055548A1
WO2005055548A1 PCT/CN2004/001165 CN2004001165W WO2005055548A1 WO 2005055548 A1 WO2005055548 A1 WO 2005055548A1 CN 2004001165 W CN2004001165 W CN 2004001165W WO 2005055548 A1 WO2005055548 A1 WO 2005055548A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
edge
data frame
packet
protocol
network layer
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2004/001165
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Zhangzhen Jiang
Jianfei He
Jianyun Zhu
Original Assignee
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Priority to EP04789831A priority Critical patent/EP1720024B1/en
Priority to DE602004013048T priority patent/DE602004013048T2/de
Publication of WO2005055548A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005055548A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/42—Loop networks
    • H04L12/437—Ring fault isolation or reconfiguration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/46—Interconnection of networks
    • H04L12/4633—Interconnection of networks using encapsulation techniques, e.g. tunneling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/50—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks using label swapping, e.g. multi-protocol label switch [MPLS]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a communication method based on an edge-to-edge pseudowire simulation protocol, and more particularly, to a method for implementing an edge-to-edge pseudowire simulation architecture on a multi-protocol label switching network.
  • MPLS BACKGROUND Multi-protocol label switch
  • IP Internet Protocol
  • FIG. 1 shows the MPLS network structure.
  • the MPLS network 101 is composed of a Label Switch Router 104 (“LSR” for short) in the core part and a Label Edge Router (“LER”) for the edge part 103.
  • LSR Label Switch Router
  • LER Label Edge Router
  • LER 103 is used to analyze the IP packet header, perform layer 3 network functions, and determine the corresponding transmission level and label switch path (Label Switch Path, or "LSP").
  • LSR 104 is used to establish LSPs, implement label switching mechanisms and quality of service ("QoS"), and forward packet data packets 106 inside the MPLS network 101, which is controlled by the control It consists of a control unit and a switching unit. It is located inside the network and is connected to the LER 103 and other LSR 104.
  • LDP Label Distribution Protocol
  • OSPF Shortest Path First
  • the LSR no longer performs Layer 3 processing on the packet, but only forwards it through the switching unit according to the label on the packet, and finally reaches the LER at the other end of the network, that is, the exit; Finally, the LER at the MPLS exit will After the label in the packet is removed, forwarding is performed according to the corresponding external network protocol.
  • the MPLS technology isolates the relationship between the label distribution mechanism and the data flow, its implementation does not depend on a specific data link layer protocol and can support a variety of physical layer and data link layer technologies. Currently, Frame Relay (FR), Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), and Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) are implemented.
  • FR Frame Relay
  • ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode
  • PPP Point-to-Point Protocol
  • MPLS Link and MPLS-based services on the LAN of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.3 protocol.
  • IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
  • MPLS has the high speed and traffic of existing switches. Control capabilities, and the router's flexible functions and quality of service proof mechanism.
  • Packet Switch Network (“PSN") is a telecommunications network The development direction is mainly to carry IP services. Because IP services do not bring good returns to network operators, plus PSN is also backward compatible with existing huge non-IP network equipment, so business development needs to be in the packet switching network. Communication network in other environments.
  • the IETF subordinate working group's edge-to-edge pseudo-wire simulation provides the traditional first layer (Layerl, referred to as "L1") and the second layer on the PSN. (Layer2, "L2" for short) Network service mechanism.
  • the development goal of PWE3 is to form a unified multi-service network platform.
  • the PSN includes an IP (IPv4, IPv6) network and the MPLS network described above, and the simulated LI and L2 network services can be digital time division multiplexing (Time Division Multiplexing (referred to as "TDM”), FR, ATM, Ethernet).
  • TDM Time Division Multiplexing
  • FIG. 2 shows the PWE3 network structure on the PSN.
  • PE Provide Edge
  • CE Customer Edge
  • CE Customer Edge
  • CE Customer Edge
  • CE CE
  • PW pseudo Wire
  • the implementation of the pseudowire is based on the tunneling mechanism on the PSN.
  • Local data units such as bits, cells, and packets that appear at the PW End Service (PW End Service, referred to as "PWES” for short) are first packed into PW Protocol Data Units (PW Protocol Data Unit, referred to as "PW-PDU") , And then transmitted through the lower layer network through the PSN tunnel.
  • PW-PDU PW Protocol Data Unit
  • the PE performs the necessary packaging and unpacking processes for the PW-PDU, and the PW Any other functions required by the business, such as sequencing and timing functions.
  • the PW service is a traditional communication service simulated by PWE3.
  • PE receives native data units from the CE (including both payload and signaling), before sending to the PW need to perform certain operations, such operation is called preprocessing (Pre-processing, referred to as "PREP") o PREP It includes forwarding (Forwarding, "FWD” for short) and Native Service Processing (NSP) functions.
  • PREP native data units from the CE
  • FWD Forwarding
  • NSP Native Service Processing
  • the PW provides a simulated physical or virtual connection for a CE to reach its far-end peer.
  • the sent PE firstly packs the local data unit from the CE, and then transmits it to the receiving PE through the PSN.
  • the received PE unpacks and restores the payload to its original format, and then sends it to the destination CE.
  • the protocol structure implemented by the PWE3 architecture is shown in Figure 2 (b).
  • the payload is carried on the packaging layer.
  • the packaging layer contains the information that is not present in the payload itself, but is sent by the peer PE to the CE through the physical interface. If it is not necessary to exceed the information contained in the payload itself, the packaging layer Can not.
  • the PW multiplexing layer provides the ability to transfer multiple PWs in a PSN tunnel.
  • the identification of each tunnel is the task of the PSN layer.
  • the identification of a specific PW in each tunnel should be unique.
  • the task of the PSN aggregation layer is to enhance the interface of the PSN, obtain the consistency of the PSN to the PW interface, or make the PW independent of the type of the PSN; if the PSN has met the service requirements, the PSN aggregation layer is empty.
  • the MPLS external label provides the PSN
  • the tunnel function uses the MPLS internal label to provide the PW multiplexing function.
  • the tunnel label and the PW label constitute a label stack, and follow the concept of the MPLS label stack.
  • MPLS When transmitting in the direction of the destination, MPLS allows label popup to be performed on the penultimate hop of the LSP, so that PWE3 will not see the external label when it reaches the MPLS edge PE.
  • the inner and outer two-layer labels are used, so that the edge PE can receive at least one label under any circumstances, and can obtain enough information to perform output operations.
  • a tunnel is a path through which a PE traverses an MPLS network to a peer PE for data transmission. Multiple PWs can be multiplexed in a tunnel.
  • Resilient Packet Ring (RPR) is a new Media Access Control (MAC) layer protocol proposed to optimize the transmission of data packets. The IEEE 802.17 working group is responsible for this. Standardize it.
  • Figure 3 (a) shows the network structure of RPR.
  • the RPR network is a data-optimized network.
  • Nodes on the ring network share bandwidth and do not need to be assigned to a circuit.
  • each node on the ring network can automatically complete the bandwidth coordination.
  • Each node has a ring network topology diagram, which can send data to the optical fiber sub-ring and send it to the destination node. Both sub-rings serve as working channels.
  • a protection algorithm is used to eliminate the corresponding failed segment.
  • Nodes can send packets to a specified node using a unicast destination address, or they can send to multiple nodes using a multicast destination address.
  • FIG. 3 (b) shows the MAC protocol structure of RPR.
  • the MAC data function is used to send and receive data packets;
  • the MAC control function is used to transmit the working status of the ring network;
  • the MAC bridge function provides L2 relay services, such as unrestricted / restricted MAC services, to local nodes on the ring network.
  • the MAC control function includes the following subunits: Fair Control Order Element, which is used to ensure that nodes on the ring network share a fair permitted bandwidth; a protection control unit, which is used to provide protection against node failures and cross-segment failures, and maintain state machines and databases through communication with other nodes on the ring network; a topology control unit, Maintain topological data and state machines, exchange these information with other nodes on the ring network; Operation, Administration, and Maintenance (Operation Administration Maintenance, " ⁇ ") control unit, which is used to provide configuration functions and fault status functions.
  • Fair Control Order Element which is used to ensure that nodes on the ring network share a fair permitted bandwidth
  • a protection control unit which is used to provide protection against node failures and cross-segment failures, and maintain state machines and databases through communication with other nodes on the ring network
  • a topology control unit Maintain topological data and state machines, exchange these information with other nodes on the ring network
  • RPR MAC The protocol's processing of packets includes the following mechanisms: Once the packets are sent to the ring network, the packets are passed to the destination node to avoid packet loss; the packets arrive in the same order as they were sent, and no packet reordering is required at the receiving node; the network Nodes transparently transmit packets and do not need packet replication.
  • RPR can run on multiple physical layer media, such as Synchronous Optical Network (Synchronous Optical Network)
  • SONET Optical Network
  • Ethernet Optical Network
  • RPR bandwidth is more efficient, supports multiple services, is easy to manage, and has flexibility and scalability.
  • the application prospect of RPR is broad.
  • the current data link layer of MPLS networks mostly adopts HDLC / PPP or Ethernet.
  • MPLS networks use HDLC / PPP as the data link layer, point-to-point connections are generally established using POS interfaces.
  • MPLS uses Ethernet as the data link layer
  • a LAN interface (10, 100M) or a Gigabit Ethernet (10GE) interface is used to form a layer of chain, layer 2 tree, or layer 3 mesh switching network.
  • the current methods for implementing the PWE3 architecture mechanism on the MPLS packet switching network are all based on the data link layer of HDLC / PPP or Ethernet.
  • the above solutions have the following problems: Protection capabilities of MPLS networks It is not strong enough, the bandwidth utilization rate is not high enough, and the efficiency of the PWE3 architecture carried and the quality of service are not high enough.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an implementation method of an edge-to-edge pseudowire emulation protocol, so that the transmission of the PWE3 architecture on an RPR-based MPLS packet-switched network is realized, and the ability to provide protection and share bandwidth fairly is Improve PWE3 quality and efficiency.
  • the present invention provides an implementation method of an edge-to-edge pseudowire simulation protocol, including the following steps:
  • A encapsulates the packet-switched network layer data frame of the edge-to-edge pseudowire simulation protocol into an elastic packet ring data frame;
  • B sends the elastic packet ring data frame to a destination node through the elastic packet ring;
  • the step A further includes the following sub-steps:
  • the packet-switched network layer data frame is directly used as the service data unit in the basic frame format of the flexible packet ring.
  • the step A further includes the following sub-steps: determining whether the length of the packet-switched network layer data frame is less than or equal to the maximum payload length of the flexible packet ring data frame, and if so, directly converting the packet-switched network-layer data
  • the frame is encapsulated in the flexible packet ring data frame as a payload, otherwise the packet switching network layer data frame is discarded.
  • the step A further includes the following sub-steps: judging whether the packet-switched network layer data frame is a unicast data frame or a multicast data frame, and if it is a unicast data frame, setting a protocol type field of the flexible packet ring data frame The hexadecimal value is 0x8847; if it is a multicast data frame, the hexadecimal value of the protocol type field of the flexible packet ring data frame is set to 0x8848.
  • the step A further includes the following sub-steps: The experimental use sub-domain in the tunnel label field of the packet-switched network layer data frame is directly mapped to the basic control field of the elastic packet ring data frame according to the service priority order. Service type subdomain.
  • the step A further includes the following sub-steps: determining a service type sub-domain of a basic control field of the flexible packet ring data frame according to a comprehensive influence of a service type, a service priority, and a label of the packet-switched network layer data frame.
  • the step C includes the following sub-steps: The frame header of the elastic packet ring data frame is removed, and the payload of the elastic packet ring data frame is taken as the packet switching network layer data frame.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the MPLS network structure
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the network structure and protocol structure of PWE3
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the RPR network structure and protocol structure
  • FIG. 4 is an RPR data frame encapsulation format of an MPLS data packet carrying a PWE3 architecture according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present invention adopts a method for carrying MPLS data transmission by using RPR data frames. It is now based on the PWE3 architecture of the MPLS packet switched network. It makes the PWE3 architecture have the advantages of both MPLS and RPR. That is, MPLS is used at the PSN layer of PWE3, and RPR is used as the data link layer of PWE3.
  • the key of the invention is how to encapsulate the PWE3 MPLS packets with RPR data frames.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an RPR data frame encapsulation format of an MPLS data packet carrying PWE3 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the data frame format 401 of the RPR includes the following data fields according to the sending order: time to live (referred to as "ttl”), which is 8 bits long and is used to indicate the maximum number of times that the data frame can be forwarded in the RPR network. Ensure that the frame will not be transmitted in an infinite loop on the RPR ring and waste network resources;
  • the base control (baseControl), which is 8 bits long, is used to indicate and control the transmission of the data frame and includes multiple subdomains; the destination address (destination address, canister) Called “da”), 48 bits long, used to identify the MAC address of the destination node for the frame transmission; Source address (source address, "sa” for short), 48 bits long, used to identify the source node that sent the frame MAC address here, the MAC address is specified in the IEEE802 protocol; the basic time to live (ttlBase), which is 8 bits long, is used to set the initial value of the time to live for data frame transmission; extended control (extended control), which is 8 bits long
  • this field When the value of this field is less than 0x600, it is used to indicate the length of the data frame , Otherwise, it indicates the type of the upper layer protocol of the MAC layer; service data unit (serviceDataUnit), an indefinite length, that is, a data unit of the upper layer user of the MAC; a frame check sequence, It is called "fcs”), which is 32 bits long, and is used to implement a cyclic redundancy check (cyclic redundancy check, "CRC" for this frame).
  • the calculation range of the CRC is from the hec domain to the end of the frame, that is, This frame load includes two parts: protocol type and service data unit.
  • the basic control domain includes several sub-domains related to RPR control, including a two-digit long service class (service class, "sc" for short) sub-domain, which is used to indicate the service type of the RPR data frame and set different services. Types implement different quality of service and priorities.
  • the data frame format 401 of the RPR is basic: according to the frame format, the extended data frame format of RPR also includes: extended target address (daExtended), which is 48 bits long and is used to extend the function of the target address field; extended source address (saExtended ), which is 48 bits long and is used to expand the function of the source address field.
  • the user on the upper layer of the RPR network MAC layer is the PWE3 architecture based on the MPLS network.
  • the service data unit in the RPR data frame is an MPLS data frame of PWE3, so that the RPR data frame is used to encapsulate the service data packet of PWE3.
  • the PWE3 MPLS data frame format 402 that is, the service data unit data field filled with RPR data and format 401, includes the following data fields according to the sending order: Tunnel Label 403 (tunnel label), which is 32 bits in length, that is, the MPLS label Virtual label ("VC Label" for short), which is 32 bits in length, is the internal label of the MPLS label stack, and is used to implement the multiplexing of multiple PWs in a tunnel. Control Word is used for For performing MPLS control functions; Layer 2 protocol data unit Picture 165
  • the Label Value which is used to mark the tunnel being transmitted
  • the next 3 bits are for experimental use (Experimental Use, "EXP” for short), which is reserved for experiments, but is used in some applications to indicate The service priority of this MPLS frame
  • the next bit is the Bottom of Stack, a value of 1 represents the stack low protocol of the protocol stack, a value of 0 represents the other, and a value of 0 is set here; followed by an 8-bit lifetime (Time to Live, referred to as "TTL”), which indicates the maximum number of times the frame can be forwarded in the network, and is used to avoid unlimited forwarding.
  • TTL 8-bit lifetime
  • Step 1 Encapsulate the MPLS data frame into an RPR data frame.
  • Step 2 Send the RPR data frame to the destination node through RPR.
  • Step 3 Decapsulate the RPR data frame into a PSN layer data frame at the destination node.
  • the PSN layer data frame is an MPLS data frame. Decapsulation is the reverse of the above encapsulation process, that is, the RPR frame header is removed, and the payload is taken out. It should be noted that in the past, MPLS only defined two link layer technologies that carry MPLS-Ethernet MAC and PPP protocols. Now we have added RPR as an option.
  • the first step further includes the following sub-steps: First, as described above, the PWE layer of the PWE3, that is, the MPLS data frame is directly encapsulated into the RPR frame as a payload. For the case that the length of the MPLS data frame exceeds the maximum value that the RPR data frame can carry, the MPLS data frame is directly discarded without segmentation processing.
  • the MPLS data frame is directly discarded without segmentation processing.
  • this situation occurs under two conditions, one is that the lower layer equipment has limited processing capacity and has to be discarded; the other is that the upper layer has an error and a huge packet should be discarded. Because in consideration of the actual situation, the user terminal will transmit the segment by itself for the overlength data, and neither the data link layer nor the PSN layer of the RPR considers the segment transmission mechanism.
  • the protocol type field of the RPR is marked to indicate that the frame is an MPLS data frame.
  • the protocol type value of the RPR is set to 0x8847, the corresponding indication is that the MPLS unicast data frame is carried; setting When the RPR protocol type value is 0x8848, the corresponding indicates that the MPLS multicast data frame is carried.
  • the system maps the priority information to the service type subdomain of the basic control domain of the RPR data frame, and maps The rules are determined by the system designer according to actual needs. For example, the rules can be mapped sequentially according to the priority.
  • the services mapped to the RPR service priority are determined by comprehensively considering the influence of various types of services such as the service type, priority, and label in the PSN, and the services that are recorded in the basic control domain of the RPR data frame are recorded. Type subdomain.
  • the service type of the upper layer protocol is reflected at the lower layer, so that the transmission of each layer of the network is completely performed according to the service level, and the QoS is better guaranteed.
  • PWE3 can be allowed on an MPLS network with RPR as the data link layer, and the methods implemented in the respective layers operate according to standards, such as RPR data frames Transmission methods and other types of frame encapsulation and transmission methods are implemented according to the IEEE802.17 protocol.
  • MPLS data The packet transmission control method and the PWE3 operation method are implemented in accordance with the IETF standard.

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Description

边缘到边缘伪线仿真协议的实现方法 技术领域 本发明涉及基于边缘到边缘伪线仿真协议的通信方法，特别涉及 在多协议标签交换网络上实现边缘到边缘伪线仿真构架的方法。 背景技术 多协议标签交换（Multi-protocol Label Switch, 筒称 "MPLS" ) 是国际互联网工程任务组 （Internet Engineering Task Force, 简称 "IETF" ) 的标准协议。 MPLS 是基于标签的互联网协议 （internet Protocol, 简称 "IP" )路由选择方法， 它属于第三层交换技术， 引入 了基于标签的机制， 把选路和转发分开， 由标签来规定一个分组通过 网絡的路径， 数据传输通过标签交换路径（Label Switch Path, 筒称 "LSP" ) 完成， 它将原本在 IP网络的第三层的包交换转换成第二层 的交换。 图 1示出了 MPLS网络结构。 MPLS网絡 101由核心部分的标签 交换路由器 104 ( Label Switch Router, 简称 "LSR" )、 边缘部分的标 签边缘路由器 103 ( Label Edge Router, 简称 "LER" )组成。其中 LER 103用于分析 IP包头，执行第三层网络功能，决定相应的传送级别和 标签交换路径（Label Switch Path, 筒称 " LSP" ), 它与外部网络 102 相连接的， 从外部网络 102接收外部分组交换数据包 105; LSR 104 用于建立 LSP,执行标签交换机制和服务质量保证（ Quality of Service, 筒称 "QoS" ), 转发 MPLS网络 101内部的分组数据包 106, 它由控 制单元和交换单元组成，它处在网络内部，与 LER 103和其他 LSR 104 相连。
MPLS的标签交换的工作流程如下： 最初由标签分发协议（Label Distribution Protocol, 简称 " LDP" )和传统路由协议， 比如开发最短 路优先协议（Open Shortest Path First, 简称 "OSPF" )等， 在 LSR中 建立路由表和标签映射表； 在网络运行中，首先在 MPLS核心网入口 处的 LER接收外部网络的 IP包，完成第三层网络功能，并给 IP包加 上标签； 接着该数据包在 LSP中传输， 此时 LSR不再对分组进行第 三层处理， 只是才艮据分组上的标签通过交换单元进行转发， 最终达到 网络另一端即出口处的 LER; 最后在 MPLS出口处的 LER将分组中 的标签去掉后按照相应外部网络协议继续进行转发。 由于 MPLS技术隔绝了标签分发机制与数据流的关系， 因此， 它 的实现并不依赖于特定的数据链路层协议，可支持多种的物理层和数 据链路层技术。 目前实现了在帧中继 （Frame Relay, 筒称 "FR" )、 异步传输模式（Asynchronous Transfer Mode, 简称 "ATM" )和点到 点协议 ( Point-to-Point Protocol, 筒称 "PPP" )链路以及国际电气电 子工程师协会 ( Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 简称 "IEEE" ) 802.3协议的局域网上使用 MPLS的业务。 采用 MPLS网 络进行 IP 业务转发， 可以筒化层与层之间的路由转发过程， 加快 MPLS交换速度， 提高网络效率， 同时能满足不同等级业务的传送， 所以说 MPLS既有交换机的高速度与流量控制能力，又具备了路由器 灵活的功能和服务质量倮证机制。 分组交换网 （Packet Switch Network, 简称 "PSN" )是电信网絡 发展的方向， 主要承载 IP业务， 由于 IP业务没有为网络营运者带来 好的回报， 再加上 PSN还要与现有巨大的非 IP网络设备向后兼容， 所以业务发展需要在分组交换网的环境中保存其他交换方式的通信 网络。 而 IETF下属工作组制定的边缘到边缘伪线仿真（Pseudo Wire Emulation Edge-to-Edge, 简称 "PWE3" )是在 PSN上提供传统的第 一层（Layerl , 简称 "L1" )和第二层（Layer2， 筒称 "L2" ) 网络业 务的机制。 PWE3 的发展目标是形成统一的多业务网络平台。 这里 PSN包含 IP ( IPv4、 IPv6 )网络和前面所描述的 MPLS网络， 而被仿 真的 LI、 L2 网络业务可以是数字时分复用 （ Time Division Multiplexing, 简称 "TDM" )、 FR、 ATM, 以太网 （ Ethernet )、 高级 数据链路控制 ( High-Level Data Link Control ， 简称 "HDLC" )、 PPP 等网络业务。 图 2 ( a )示出了在 PSN上的 PWE3网络结构。 在 PSN网络 201 边缘的两个提供商边缘节点 （Provider Edge, 简称 "PE" ) PE 202和 PE 203为它们所连接的用户边缘节点 （Customer Edge, 简称 "CE" ) CE 204和 CE 205提供一条或多条伪线 206( Pseudo Wire,筒称" PW" ), 使得 CE之间可以在 PSN网络 201上通信。 这里的伪线的意义在于通信双方可以建立点到点等传统通信机 制， 而具体网络实现方式则是透明的。 伪线的实现基于 PSN上的隧 道机制。 在 PW端业务（PW End Service, 简称 "PWES" )处出现的 本地数据单元， 比如比特、 信元、 分组， 先被包装成 PW协议数据单 元（ PW Protocol Data Unit, 简称 "PW-PDU" ), 再通过 PSN隧道经 下层网络传送。 PE执行 PW-PDU必要的包装和拆包过程， 以及 PW 业务所要求的任何其他功能， 如排序、 定时功能。 其中， PW业务即 PWE3所仿真的传统通信业务。 对于多播业务， 可以通过复制分组净 荷到多条点到点的 PW的办法来完成；或者通过固有点到多点类型的 PW的办法来完成，但这需要使用下层 PSN提供的多播机制、通过点 到多点的 PSN隧道支撑。 PE接收到来自 CE (包括净荷和信令两者） 的本地数据单元， 在向 PW发送之前需要执行某些操作， 这类操作称 为预处理（Pre-processing,简称" PREP" )o PREP包含转发（ Forwarding, 筒称" FWD" )和本地业务处理（Native Service Processing,简称 "NSP" ) 功能。 通过 PW的维护机制和信令支撑机制可以在一条 PSN隧道上 实现两个 PE之间的 PW复用。
PW为 CE达到其远端的对等提供了仿真的物理或虚拟连接。 发 送的 PE对来自 CE的本地数据单元先经过包装层包装， 再通过 PSN 传送到接收的 PE,接收的 PE去包装恢复净荷成为其原来的格式，再 发送到目的地 CE。 PWE3架构实现的协议结构如图 2 ( b )所示。 净荷在包装层上运 送，包装层包含有净荷本身中没有出现但对端 PE通过物理接口向 CE 发送时所需要的信息； 如果不需要超出净荷本身中所含有的信息， 则 包装层可以不要。 PW复用层提供了一条 PSN隧道中传递多条 PW的 能力， 每条隧道的识别是 PSN层的任务， 每条隧道中的特定 PW的 识别应具有唯一性。 PSN汇聚层的任务是增强 PSN的接口，取得 PSN 对 PW接口的一致性， 或使得 PW与 PSN的类型无关； 如果 PSN已 经满足业务要求， 则 PSN汇聚层为空。 在 MPLS网络上实现 PWE3架构时， MPLS外部标签提供了 PSN 隧道功能， 使用 MPLS 内部标签提供了 PW复用功能。 隧道标签和 PW标签构成标签栈， 遵照的是 MPLS标签堆栈的概念。 由于在向着 目的地方向上传送时， MPLS允许在 LSP的倒数第二跳实行标签弹 出，这样 PWE3达到 MPLS边缘 PE时就会看不到外部标签。使用内、 外部两层标签,使得边缘 PE在任何情况下均能至少接收到一个标签， 能获取足够的执行输出操作的信息。 隧道为一个 PE跨过 MPLS网络 到对端 PE进行数据传送的路径， 一条隧道中可以复用多条 PW。 弹性分组环（Resilient Packet Ring, 简称 "RPR" )是为优化数据 包的传输而提出的一种新的媒体接入控制（Media Access Control, 简 称 "MAC" )层协议， 由 IEEE 802.17工作组负责对其的标准化工作。 图 3 ( a )示出了 RPR的网络结构。 RPR网络是一种数据优化网 络，至少有两个相互反方向传送的光纤子环，环网上的节点共享带宽， 不需要进行电路指配。利用公平控制算法环网上的各个节点能够自动 地完成带宽协调。每个节点都有一个环形网络拓朴图， 都能将数据发 送到光纤子环上， 送往目的节点。 两个子环都作为工作通道。 为了防 止光纤或节点故障发生时导致链路中断，利用保护算法来消除相应的 故障段。 节点可以利用单播目的地址将分组发送给一个指定的节点， 也可以利用多播目的地址发送给多个节点。 RPR支持三种不同优先级 的业务类型。 图 3 ( b )示出了 RPR的 MAC协议结构。 其中， MAC数据功能 用于发送和接收数据分组； MAC控制功能用于传送环网工作状态； MAC桥接功能则为环网上的本地节点提供 L2中继业务，比如非限制 /受限制 MAC业务。 而 MAC控制功能包含以下子单元： 公平控制单 元， 用于确保环网上的节点共享公平许可带宽； 保护控制单元， 用于 提供节点故障和跨段故障的保护，通过与环网上其它节点的通信来保 持状态机和数据库； 拓朴控制单元， 维持拓朴数据和状态机， 与环网 上的其它节点交换这些信息； 操作、 管理、 维护 （ Operation Administration Maintenance, 筒称 'ΌΑΜ" )控制单元， 用于提供配 置功能和故障状态功能。 RPR的 MAC协议对于分组的处理包含以下 机制： 一旦分组 送到环网上， 则分组就被传给目的节点， 避免分 组丟失； 分组以相同的发送时的顺序到达， 在接收节点不需要进行分 组重排序； 网络节点透传分组， 不需要分组复制。 RPR可在多种物理层媒质上运行，比如同步光网絡（ Synchronous
Optical Network, 简称 "SONET" )、 以太网等。
RPR与传统数据链路层的区别在于， RPR带宽更有效， 并且支 持多种业务， 又易于管理， 具有弹性和可扩展性。 RPR的应用前景广 阔。 目前的 MPLS网络的数据链路层多采用 HDLC/PPP或 Ethernet 当 MPLS网络采用 HDLC/PPP作为数据链路层时， 一般采用 POS接 口组建点到点的连接； 当 MPLS使用 Ethernet作为数据链路层时， 则 采用局域网接口 （10、 100M )或千兆以太网 （10GE )接口， 组建一 层的链状、 二层树状或三层网状交换网络。 因此目前在 MPLS的分组交换网上实现 PWE3架构机制的方法， 都是基于 HDLC/PPP或 Ethernet的数据链路层实现的。 在实际应用中， 上述方案存在以下问题： MPLS网络的保护能力 不够强、 带宽利用率不够高， 所承载的 PWE3架构效率、服务质量不 够高。
造成这种情况的主要原因在于， MPLS 采用的数据链路层为传统 的数据链路层协议， 没有适应未来网络需求。 发明内容 本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种边缘到边缘伪线仿真协议 的实现方法， 使得 PWE3架构在基于 RPR的 MPLS分组交换网絡上 的传送得以实现，提供保护和公平共享带宽的能力，提高 PWE3质量 和效率。 为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种边缘到边缘伪线仿真 协议的实现方法， 包含以下步驟：
A将所述边缘到边缘伪线仿真协议的分组交换网层数据帧封装 为弹性分组环数据帧； B 将所述弹性分组环数据帧通过弹性分组环发送到目的节点；
C 在所述目的节点将所述弹性分组环数据帧解封装为所述分组 交换网层数据帧。 其中，所述边缘到边缘伪线仿真协议的分组交换网层采用多协议 标签交换协议。 所述边缘到边缘伪线仿真协议的数据链路层是所述弹性分组环。 所述步骤 A还进一步包含以下子步骤： 将分组交换网层数据帧直接作为弹性分组环基本帧格式中的服 务数据单元。 所述步骤 A还进一步包含以下子步骤： 判断所述分组交换网层数据帧的长度是否小于等于所述弹性分 组环数据帧的最大净荷长度，如果是则直接将所述分组交换网层数据 帧作为净荷封装在所述弹性分组环数据帧中 ,否则抛弃所述分组交换 网层数据帧。 所述步骤 A还进一步包含以下子步骤： 判断分组交换网层数据帧是单播数据帧还是组播数据帧，如果是 单播数据帧，则设置所述弹性分组环数据帧的协议类型字段的十六进 制值为 0x8847; 如果是为组播数据帧， 则设置所述弹性分组环数据 帧的协议类型字段的十六进制值为 0x8848。 所述步骤 A还进一步包含以下子步骤： 根据服务优先级顺序将所述分组交换网层数据帧的隧道标签字 段中的实验使用子域直接映射到所述弹性分组环数据帧的基本控制 字段的服务类型子域。 所述步骤 A还进一步包含以下子步 ： 根据所述分组交换网层数据帧的业务类型、服务优先级、标签的 综合影响确定所述弹性分组环数据帧的基本控制字段的服务类型子 域。 所述步驟 C包含以下子步骤： 去除所述弹性分组环数据帧的帧头，取出所述弹性分組环数据帧 的净荷作为所述分组交换网层数据帧。 通过比较可以发现， 本发明的技术方案与现有技术的区别在于， 采用 RPR作为基于 MPLS的 PWE3架构中的数据链路层，实现了 RPR 数据帧封装承载 MPLS数据帧，完成基于 MPLS的 PWE3架构在 RPR 网絡上的传输。
这种技术方案上的区别， 带来了较为明显的有益效果， 即综合了 RPR和 MPLS的优点到 PWE3中， 提高了网络的带宽有效性， 更好地实 现了对服务等级和服务质量保证的支持，使得网絡更加易于管理具备 自动拓朴功能， 提高了网络传输的可靠性， 增加了网絡业务的弹性， 提高网络的可扩展性。 附图说明 图 1是 MPLS网络结构示意图； 图 2是 PWE3的网络结构和协议结构示意图； 图 3是 RPR网络结构和协议结构示意图；
图 4是根据本发明的一个实施例的承载 PWE3架构的 MPLS数据包 的 RPR数据帧封装格式。 具体实施方式 为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚， 下面将结合附图 对本发明作进一步地详细描迷。 本发明通过采用 RPR数据帧来承载 MPLS数据传送的方法， 实 现基于 MPLS分组交换网的 PWE3架构。使得 PWE3架构具有 MPLS 和 RPR两者的优点。 即在 PWE3的 PSN层采用 MPLS, 并使用 RPR 作为 PWE3的数据链路层。 发明的关键在于如何用 RPR数据帧封装 PWE3的 MPLS包。 图 4示出根据本发明的一个实施例的承载 PWE3的 MPLS数据 包的 RPR数据帧封装格式。
RPR的数据帧格式 401按照发送顺序分别包含以下数据域：生存 时间（time to live, 简称 "ttl" ), 长为 8位， 用于指示该数据帧在 RPR 网络中可以转发的最大次数， 以保证该帧不会在 RPR环上无限循环 传输而浪费网络资源； 基本控制 （baseControl )， 长为 8位， 用于指 示和控制数据帧的传输，包含多个子域；目标地址（ destination address, 筒称 "da" ), 长为 48位， 用于标志该帧传送的目的节点的 MAC地 址； 源地址（source address, 简称 "sa" ), 长为 48位， 用于标志发 送该帧的源节点的 MAC地址， 这里的 MAC地址在 IEEE802协议中 有规定； 基本生存时间 （ttlBase ), 长为 8位， 用于设定数据帧传输 的生存时间初始值； 扩展控制（extendedControl ), 长为 8位， 用于扩 展基本控制的功能； 帧头错误校验和（header error checksum, 简称 "hec" ), 用于校验帧头部分数据的正确性， 这里所述帧头包含前面 描述的 ttl、 baseControL da、 sa、 ttlBase、 和 extendedControl域; 切、 议类型 （protocolType ), 长为 16位， 属于数据帧的负荷部分， 当该 域的值小于 0x600时， 用于指示本数据帧的长度， 否则指示 MAC层 的上层协议的类型； 服务数据单元（serviceDataUnit ), 不定长度， 即 MAC的上层用户的数据单元； 帧校验序列 （ frame check sequence, 筒称 "fcs" ), 长为 32 位， 用于对本帧实现循环冗余校验（cyclic redundancy check, 简称 "CRC" ),这里 CRC的计算范围是从所述 hec 域之后直到帧结束， 即本帧负荷， 包括协议类型和服务数据单元两部 分。 所述基本控制域包含若干与 RPR控制相关的子域， 其中包含两 位长的服务类型 （service class, 简称 "sc" )子域， 用于指示该 RPR 数据帧的服务类型，设置不同的服务类型即实现不同的服务质量和优 先级。 这里 RPR的数据帧格式 401为基本 :据帧格式， RPR的扩展数 据帧格式中还包含： 扩展目标地址（daExtended ), 长为 48位， 用于 扩展目标地址域的功能； 扩展源地址（saExtended ), 长为 48位， 用 于扩展源地址域的功能。
RPR网络 MAC层的上一层用户即为基于 MPLS 网络的 PWE3 架构。 如图 4所示， 在本发明的一个实施例中， 所述 RPR数据帧中 的服务数据单元即为 PWE3的 MPLS数据帧， 这样实现了用 RPR数 据帧封装 PWE3的业务数据包。 其中， PWE3的 MPLS数据帧格式 402， 即填充为 RPR数据桢格 式 401的服务数据单元数据域， 按照发送顺序分别包含以下数据域： 隧道标签 403 ( Tunnel Label ), 长为 32位， 即 MPLS标签； 虚通路 标签（Virtual Label, 简称 "VC Label" ), 长为 32位， 即为 MPLS标 签栈的内部标签， 用于实现一条隧道里面的多条 PW的复用； 控制字 ( Control Word ) 用于执行 MPLS控制功能； 第二层协议数据单元 画麵 165
-12-
( Layer2 PDU ), 不定长度， 即 PWE3仿真的第二层业务的协议数据
20位为标签值 ( Label Value ), 即用于标志所传输的隧道； 接着 3位 为实验使用 （Experimental Use， 简称 "EXP" )， 专门为实验保留， 但 是在某些应用中被用于指示该 MPLS帧的服务优先级；接着 1位为栈 低标志（Bottom of Stack ), 置 1值代表协议栈的栈低协议， 置 0值代 表其他， 这里置 0值； 接着为 8位的生存时间 （Time to Live, 简称 "TTL" ), 指示该帧在网络中可以转发的最大次数， 用于避免无限制 的转发。 本发明实现 RPR上传输 PWE3的 MPLS数据包方法的基本步骤 如下： 第一步： 将 MPLS数据帧封装为 RPR数据帧。 第二步： 将 RPR数据帧通过 RPR发送到目的节点。 第三步： 在目的节点将 RPR数据帧解封装为 PSN层数据帧。 该 PSN层数据帧就是 MPLS数据帧。 解封装是上述封装过程的逆过程， 即将 RPR帧头去掉， 将净荷取出。 需要说明的是， 以前 MPLS只定 义了两种承载 MPLS的链路层技术——以太网 MAC和 PPP协议。现 在我们增加了 RPR作为一种选择。 其中第一步 （封装步骤）进一步包含以下子步骤： 首先， 如前所述， 将 PWE3的 PSN层即 MPLS数据帧作为净荷 直接封装到 RPR帧中。对于 MPLS数据帧长度超过 RPR数据帧能承 载的最大值情况， 则直接丟弃该 MPLS数据帧， 不进行分段处理。一 般在两种条件下出现这种情况， 一种是下层设备处理能力有限， 不得 不丟弃； 另一种是上层出错， 出现巨大的包， 应该丟弃。 因为考虑到 实际情况中， 对于超长度的数据， 用户端会自行分段传送， RPR的数 据链路层和 PSN层均不考虑分段传输的机制。 其次， 为了标记 RPR数据帧传输的上一层协议类型， 将 RPR的 协议类型字段做标记， 指示该帧为 MPLS数据帧。 参考 RFC 3032文 档对于在局域网中传输标记包中规定的以太网类型值，本发明的一个 实施例中， 设置 RPR的协议类型值为 0x8847时， 对应表示被承载的 是 MPLS单播数据帧； 设置 RPR的协议类型值为 0x8848时，对应表 示被承载的是 MPLS组播数据帧。 再次， 在本发明的一个实施例中， 当隧道标签中的 EXP字段被 用于指示服务优先级时， 系统将该优先级信息映射到 RPR数据帧的 基本控制域的服务类型子域中，映射的规则根据实际需要由系统设计 者决定， 比如可以是根据优先级高低顺次映射。在本发明的另一个实 施例中， 综合考虑 PSN 中的业务类型、 优先级、 标签等多种因素的 影响来决定映射到 RPR服务优先级中， 并记录到 RPR数据帧的基本 控制域的服务类型子域中。这样实现了上层协议的服务类型在下层的 反映， 使得网络每一层的传输完全按照服务等级执行， 更好地保证 QoS。 在本发明实现了用 RPR数据帧承载 PWE3的 MPLS数据包的方 法以后， 就可以在以 RPR为数据链路层的 MPLS网络上允许 PWE3, 各自层内实现方法按照标准操作， 比如 RPR的数据帧传输方法和其 他类型帧的封装传输方法按照 IEEE802.17协议实现、 MPLS的数据 包传输控制方法和 PWE3运行方法按照 IETF标准实现。 熟悉本领域的技术人员可以理解， 上述第一步（封装步骤）中各 个子步驟可以任意组合操作 , 而不影响本发明的实质和范围。
虽然通过参照本发明的某些优选实施例， 已经对本发明进行了图 示和描述， 但本领域的普通技术人员应该明白， 可以在形式上和细节 上对其作各种各样的改变，而不偏离所附权利要求书所限定的本发明 的精神和范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种边缘到边缘伪线仿真协议的实现方法， 其特征在于， 包 含以下步骤：
A将所述边缘到边缘伪线仿真协议的分组交换网层数据帧封装 为弹性分组环数据帧；
B将所述弹性分组环数据帧通过弹性分组环发送到目的节点；
C在所述目的节点将所述弹性分组环数据帧解封装为所述分组 交换网层数据帧。
2.根据权利要求 1所述的边缘到边缘伪线仿真协议的实现方法， 其特征在于，所述边缘到边缘伪线仿真协议的分组交换网层采用多协 议标签交换协议。
3.根据权利要求 2所述的边缘到边缘伪线仿真协议的实现方法， 其特征在于，所述边缘到边缘伪线仿真协议的数据链路层是所述弹性 分组环。
4.根据权利要求 3所述的边缘到边缘伪线仿真协议的实现方法， 其特征在于， 所述步驟 A还进一步包含以下子步骤： 将分组交换网层数据帧直接作为弹性分组环基本帧格式中的服 务数据单元。
5.根据权利要求 4所述的边缘到边缘伪线仿真协议的实现方法， 其特征在于， 所述步骤 A还进一步包含以下子步骤： 判断所述分组交换网层数据帧的长度是否小于等于所述弹性分 组环数据帧的最大净荷长度，如果是则直接将所迷分组交换网层数据 帧作为净荷封装在所述弹性分组环数据帧中，否则抛弃所述分组交换 网层数据帧。
6.根据权利要求 4所述的边缘到边缘伪线仿真协议的实现方法， 其特征在于， 所述步骤 A还进一步包含以下子步骤： 判断分组交换网层数据帧是单播数据帧还是组播数据帧，如果是 单播数据帧，则设置所述弹性分组环数据帧的协议类型字段的十六进 制值为 0x8847; 如果是为组播数据帧， 则设置所述弹性分组环数据 帧的协议类型字段的十六进制值为 0x8848。
7.根据权利要求 4所述的边缘到边缘伪线仿真协议的实现方法， 其特征在于， 所述步骤 A还进一步包含以下子步骤: 根据服务优先级顺序将所述分组交换网层数据帧的隧道标签字 段中的实验使用子域直接映射到所述弹性分组环数据帧的基本控制 字段的服务类型子域。
8.根据权利要求 4所述的边缘到边缘伪线仿真协议的实现方法， 其特征在于， 所述步骤 A还进一步包含以下子步驟： 根据所述分组交换网层数据帧的业务类型、服务优先级、标签的 综合影响确定所述弹性分组环数据帧的基本控制字段的服务类型子 域。
9.根据权利要求 1所述的边缘到边缘伪线仿真协议的实现方法， 其特征在于， 所述步驟 c包含以下子步驟：
去除所述弹性分组环数据帧的帧头，取出所述弹性分组环数据帧 的净荷作为所述分组交换网层数据帧。
PCT/CN2004/001165 2003-12-03 2004-10-13 Procede de mise en oeuvre du protocole d'emulation de pseudo-circuits entre routeurs peripheriques WO2005055548A1 (fr)

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